CN112239510A

CN112239510A - Extraction method of dendrobe polysaccharide

Info

Publication number: CN112239510A
Application number: CN202011241372.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨牧融
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-11-09
Filing date: 2020-11-09
Publication date: 2021-01-19

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for extracting dendrobium polysaccharide, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: cutting herba Dendrobii into small pieces, and pulverizing for 2 min; step two: weighing 10g of dendrobium powder, placing in a 250ml conical flask, and adding 50-90ml of distilled water; step three: putting the conical flask obtained in the step two into a water bath kettle to be subjected to water bath for 1-3 h; step four: after leaching, filtering with gauze, and centrifuging the obtained filtrate in a low-speed centrifuge for 10 min; step five: concentrating the centrifuged supernatant to 10mL, adding 95% ethanol with 4-6 times volume, stirring uniformly, standing for a moment, and precipitating; step six: putting the suspension obtained in the step five into a low-speed centrifuge, centrifuging for 10min at 3500r/min, and removing the supernatant to obtain a precipitate; step seven: the precipitate was dried in a drying oven for 1.5h to obtain crude polysaccharide and the mass was recorded. The beneficial effects are that: the dendrobium polysaccharide is extracted by a water extraction and alcohol precipitation method, and the polysaccharide extraction amount is higher when the extraction time is 2.5 hours, the extraction temperature is 90 ℃ and the material-liquid ratio is 1: 8.

Description

Extraction method of dendrobe polysaccharide

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of dendrobe extraction, and particularly relates to a method for extracting dendrobe polysaccharide.

Background

In recent years, there have been many methods for extracting plant polysaccharides, including hot water extraction, alkaline water extraction, microwave extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and enzyme extraction. Alkaline water leaching has a significant impact on the plant polysaccharide content, enzyme extraction is expensive, and water extraction is the most common extraction process. The method mainly comprises the following operations: firstly, grinding dendrobium into powder, adding water with a proper proportion, decocting at a proper temperature, obtaining supernatant, precipitating and drying to obtain crude polysaccharide. The method is simple to operate and the process flow is simple.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an extraction method of dendrobe polysaccharide, which is characterized in that dendrobe polysaccharide is extracted by a water extraction and alcohol precipitation method, and the extraction time is 2.5 hours, the extraction temperature is 90 ℃, and the polysaccharide extraction amount is higher when the material-liquid ratio is 1: 8.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

a method for extracting dendrobe polysaccharide comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: cutting herba Dendrobii into small pieces, and pulverizing for 2 min;

step two: weighing 10g of dendrobium powder, placing in a 250ml conical flask, and adding 50-90ml of distilled water;

step three: putting the conical flask obtained in the step two into a water bath kettle to be subjected to water bath for 1-3 h;

step four: after leaching, filtering with gauze, and centrifuging the obtained filtrate in a low-speed centrifuge for 10 min;

step five: concentrating the centrifuged supernatant to 10mL, adding 95% ethanol with 4-6 times volume, stirring uniformly, standing for a moment, and precipitating;

step six: putting the suspension obtained in the step five into a low-speed centrifuge, centrifuging for 10min at 3500r/min, and removing the supernatant to obtain a precipitate;

step seven: the precipitate was dried in a drying oven for 1.5h to obtain crude polysaccharide and the mass was recorded.

Further, the temperature of the water bath kettle in the third step is 60-100 ℃.

Further, the rotating speed of the low-speed centrifugal machine in the fourth step is 3500 r/min.

Further, the temperature of the drying oven in the seventh step is 65 ℃.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the dendrobium polysaccharide is extracted by a water extraction and alcohol precipitation method, and the polysaccharide extraction amount is higher when the extraction time is 2.5 hours, the extraction temperature is 90 ℃ and the material-liquid ratio is 1: 8.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of extraction time on polysaccharide extraction;

FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of extraction temperature on polysaccharide extraction;

FIG. 3 is a graph of the effect of feed liquid ratio on polysaccharide extraction.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the invention provides a method for extracting dendrobe polysaccharide.

Referring to fig. 1-3, the method for extracting dendrobe polysaccharide according to the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: cutting herba Dendrobii into small pieces, and pulverizing for 2 min;

Further, the temperature of the drying oven in the seventh step is 65 ℃.

Example 1

Effect of extraction time on polysaccharide extraction

Selecting five time gradients of 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h and 3h, setting the material-liquid ratio to be 1:8, and the extraction temperature to be 80 ℃, and performing polysaccharide extraction on each group of dendrobium powder according to the extraction method of the application to record the quality.

The relationship between the extracted dendrobe polysaccharide and the extraction time of 10g of dendrobe powder under different extraction times is shown in figure 1, and according to the experimental result, the extraction amount of dendrobe polysaccharide is increased along with the extension of the extraction time. When the extraction time reaches 2.5h, the extraction amount of the dendrobium polysaccharide reaches the maximum value, and 0.231g of the polysaccharide can be extracted from 10g of dendrobium. Observation shows that 1h-1.5h obviously increases polysaccharide extraction amount, which indicates that the surface of the early-stage medicinal material contains dendrobe polysaccharide, a period of slow stage exists between 1.5h and 2h, which indicates that the cell tissue of dendrobe is not damaged, and dendrobe polysaccharide is not extracted, 2h-2.5h, the polysaccharide extraction amount begins to increase again, which indicates that the cell is damaged, dendrobe polysaccharide in the cell is extracted, and the polysaccharide extraction amount decreases after 2.5h, which indicates that the structure of part of components in dendrobe polysaccharide is damaged due to long-time extraction.

The extraction time of the dendrobium polysaccharide is comprehensively considered to be 2.5 h.

Example 2

Selecting five temperature gradients of 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃ and 100 ℃, setting the material-liquid ratio to be 1:8, and the extraction time to be 2h, and performing polysaccharide extraction on each group of dendrobium powder according to the extraction method of the application to record the quality.

The relationship between the extracted dendrobe polysaccharide and the extraction time of 10g of dendrobe powder at different extraction temperatures is shown in figure 2, and according to the experimental result, the lifting amount of dendrobe polysaccharide is increased along with the increase of the extraction temperature. When the extraction temperature reached 90 ℃, the amount of extraction was 0.190 g. In the range of 50-80 ℃, the dendrobium polysaccharide is slowly increased, which indicates that the dendrobium cell tissue is not damaged and only the polysaccharide on the surface of dendrobium can be extracted, and in 80-90 ℃, the extraction amount of the dendrobium polysaccharide is obviously increased, which indicates that a large amount of dendrobium polysaccharide is extracted when the cells are damaged. The extraction amount tends to decrease after 90 ℃, which indicates that the high temperature causes part of the components of dendrobium polysaccharide to influence the extraction amount of polysaccharide.

In conclusion, the optimal extraction temperature of the dendrobium polysaccharide is selected and considered to be 90 ℃.

Example 3

Selecting five material-liquid ratio gradients of 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8 and 1:9, setting the extraction temperature to be 90 ℃, and the extraction time to be 2 hours, and performing polysaccharide extraction on each group of dendrobium powder according to the extraction method of the application to record the quality.

The relationship between the extracted dendrobe polysaccharide and the extraction time of 10g of dendrobe powder under different feed-liquid ratios is shown in figure 3, and according to the experimental result, the lifting amount of dendrobe polysaccharide is increased along with the increase of the extraction feed-liquid ratio. When the material-liquid ratio is 1:8, the extraction amount is 0.484g at the maximum. The extraction amount of dendrobium polysaccharide can be influenced by the concentration difference between the inside and the outside of the cells, wherein when the material-liquid ratio is less than 1: when 6 hours, the extraction amount of the dendrobium polysaccharide is not obviously increased, which indicates that the amount of the extraction solvent is not enough to extract the dendrobium polysaccharide in cells. When the feed-liquid ratio is increased from 1:6 to 1:8, the polysaccharide extraction amount is obviously increased, which indicates that the dendrobium polysaccharide in the cells is extracted. And when the material-liquid ratio is more than 1:8, the extraction amount of the dendrobe polysaccharide is basically kept unchanged, which indicates that the extraction amount of the dendrobe polysaccharide can not be increased any more by increasing the amount of the extraction solvent.

In conclusion, the optimal material-liquid ratio for extracting the dendrobium polysaccharide is selected to be 1: 8.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The extraction method of the dendrobium polysaccharide is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The extraction method of dendrobe polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the water bath in the third step is 60-100 ℃.

3. The extraction method of dendrobe polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the low-speed centrifuge in the fourth step is 3500 r/min.

4. The extraction method of dendrobe polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the drying oven in the seventh step is 65 ℃.