CN112238761B

CN112238761B - Fuel cell system and method of controlling the same

Info

Publication number: CN112238761B
Application number: CN201910648718.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗宾逊·C·约瑟; S·阿萨里肯迪
Original assignee: Weishi Energy Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Weishi Energy Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-07-18
Filing date: 2019-07-18
Publication date: 2022-03-25
Anticipated expiration: 2039-07-18
Also published as: CN112238761A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and provides a fuel cell system and a method for controlling the fuel cell system. The fuel cell system is arranged in a device and comprises at least two fuel cell stacks, each fuel cell stack is configured to correspond to each preset load condition of the device, the preset load condition corresponding to each fuel cell stack is configured to ensure that the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) of the fuel cell stack is subjected to minimum stress or strain in operation, and each fuel cell stack is operated under the corresponding preset load condition. The fuel cell system of the present invention is configured with a plurality of fuel cell stacks, and each fuel cell stack is operated under a preset load condition in which the MEA thereof is subjected to a minimum stress or strain, thereby improving the performance of the entire fuel cell system and contributing to an increase in the life span of the fuel cell.

Description

Fuel cell system and method of controlling the same

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell technologies, and in particular, to a fuel cell system and a method for controlling the fuel cell system.

Background

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) consist of two electrodes (anode and cathode, hereinafter referred to as electrode layers) of different polarities and a Proton-conducting electrolyte Membrane between the electrodes. Gaseous or liquid fuel (hereinafter, fuel gas is taken as an example) is oxidized at the anode and hydrogen ions are generated, and then these hydrogen ions are transported to the cathode through the electrolyte membrane, and are electrochemically reacted at the cathode via an external circuit in combination with oxygen from the air and electrons from the anode, to generate electricity and water.

The Electrode layers, the proton conductive electrolyte Membrane between the Electrode layers, and the Electrode microstructure constitute a Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) of the PEMFC, and the MEA is a core component of the PEMFC. Among them, the electrode microstructure is porous in nature and can transport fuel within the electrode layer and generate water in an electrochemical reaction, and may be referred to as a microporous layer. Placing two additional microporous layers near each electrode forms a Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL), and the electrically conductive GDL also helps redistribute the fuel Gas used in the electrode layers.

The MEA may be constructed by applying electrode layers on both sides of the electrolyte membrane and then placing two GDLs on both sides of the electrode layers. Alternatively, it is also possible to first apply the electrode layers to the GDLs and then sandwich the electrolyte membrane between two GDLs to obtain a five-layer MEA. Further, several MEAs are placed in series between two bipolar flow fields to assemble a fuel cell stack. Among other things, bipolar flow fields generally facilitate the transport of fuel gas through the GDL to the electrode layers and the removal of water produced in the electrochemical reaction.

In which several MEAs are placed in series between two bipolar flow fields to assemble a fuel cell stack, corresponding to stacking multiple fuel cells together to form a fuel cell stack. That is, the stack body is formed by stacking a plurality of individual fuel cells sandwiched between a pair of end plates.

Further, a fuel cell system may include at least a fuel cell stack and other components (e.g., hydrogen module, air module, and all other associated subsystems, etc.), while a fuel cell stack typically uses fuel cells that include only one type of MEA, and these single types of MEA are subject to different loading conditions of the vehicle.

In addition, MEA is one of the most expensive components in a fuel cell system, and its application to platinum catalysts and various types of GDLs, design requirements to be able to withstand operation under different load conditions of the fuel cell stack, and consideration of stress, temperature, and Relative Humidity (RH) affecting electrolyte membrane performance all add to the cost of the fuel cell system.

In the case of an electrolyte membrane, the fatigue level and the life thereof exponentially increase with decreasing stress, and it is confirmed that the maximum membrane stress at rupture exponentially decreases with increasing membrane life. In addition, high temperature also affects the fatigue degree and life of the electrolyte membrane. Therefore, in fuel cell vehicles (particularly trucks, buses, etc. … …), the fuel cell stack experiences different load conditions depending on the driving conditions, and the MEA experiences different stresses and strains in each change in load conditions. The life and performance of the MEA can be drastically reduced due to changes in stress and strain, which is not a good solution in the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a fuel cell system to solve the problem that the existing fuel cell stack is not suitable for coping with the changes of stress and strain.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

a fuel cell system disposed in an apparatus, the fuel cell system comprising at least two fuel cell stacks, each fuel cell stack configured to correspond one-to-one to a respective predetermined load condition associated with the apparatus, wherein the predetermined load condition associated with each fuel cell stack is configured to ensure that an MEA of the fuel cell stack experiences minimal stress or strain during operation, and wherein each fuel cell stack operates at its corresponding predetermined load condition.

Further, each of the fuel cell stacks is configured to correspond to each of preset load conditions with respect to the device in a one-to-one manner, and includes: each of the fuel cell stacks is configured to use MEAs of a different configuration, wherein the various configurations of the MEAs correspond one-to-one to the respective preset load conditions.

Further, the various configurations of the MEA include different MEA parameters that are matched to different preset load conditions.

Further, the MEA parameters are selected from a list comprising any one or more of: ionomer to carbon ratio I/C, membrane parameters, catalyst loading, and GDL parameters.

Further, the membrane parameters include membrane thickness and/or membrane type, the catalyst loading includes a catalyst loaded electrode, and/or the GDL parameters include one or more of GDL thickness, GDL material type, GDL hydrophobicity, GDL hydrophilicity, and contact angle.

Further, the preset load condition is selected from a list comprising any one or more of: a high load condition of the device, a low load condition of the device, and a medium load condition of the device; wherein the high, low and medium of the device load condition are preset.

Further, the preset load condition is selected from a list comprising any one or more of: traction load, refrigeration load, air compressor load, charging load.

Further, each fuel cell stack is also configured to operate under a preset temperature operating condition and/or a preset relative humidity operating condition of the fuel cell stack; wherein the preset temperature operation condition corresponding to each fuel cell stack is configured to ensure that the MEA of the fuel cell stack is subjected to the minimum temperature influence in operation; wherein the preset temperature operating condition corresponding to each fuel cell stack is configured to ensure that the MEA of the fuel cell stack is subjected to the minimum relative humidity influence in operation.

Compared with the prior art, the fuel cell system has the following advantages:

(1) the fuel cell system of the present invention is configured with at least two fuel cell stacks, and each fuel cell stack is operated under a preset load condition in which the MEA thereof is subjected to the minimum stress or strain, thereby improving the performance of the entire fuel cell system and contributing to the increase in the life span of the fuel cell.

(2) Each MEA of the fuel cell system of the present invention is subjected to only minimal stress or strain, and stress and load fluctuations in the stacked stack can be eliminated to avoid platinum dissolution and further improve fuel cell life.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of controlling a fuel cell system to solve the problem that the existing fuel cell stack is not suitable for coping with changes in stress and strain.

a method of controlling a fuel cell system, the method comprising: detecting a load condition of the device; determining a preset load condition matched with the load condition; and selecting and operating the fuel cell stack corresponding to the determined preset load condition.

The method for controlling the fuel cell system has the same advantages as the fuel cell system compared with the prior art, and is not repeated herein.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a machine readable storage medium to solve the problem that the existing fuel cell stack is not suitable for coping with the change of stress and strain.

a machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions for causing a machine to perform the above-described method.

The machine-readable storage medium has the same advantages as the fuel cell system described above over the prior art and will not be described in detail herein.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer apparatus to solve the problem that the existing fuel cell stack is not suitable for coping with the change of stress and strain.

a computer device, the computer device comprising: one or more processors; memory for storing one or more programs which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method as described above.

The computer device has the same advantages as the fuel cell system described above over the prior art, and will not be described herein again.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of varying load conditions on electrical potential;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3(a) -3 (d) are schematic views showing the case where the vehicle is unloaded and loaded, wherein fig. 3(a) and 3(b) are respectively an unloaded case and a loaded case where the vehicle travels on a horizontal road, and fig. 3(c) and 3(d) are respectively an unloaded case and a loaded case where the vehicle travels on a sloping road; and

fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of controlling a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

In the present embodiment, the stress means an internal force that causes interaction between parts in an object when the object is deformed by an external force, and the strain means a phenomenon in which the size or shape of the object is relatively changed by the external force. Wherein the cause of strain is stress and the result of stress is strain. In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, the apparatuses to which the fuel cell system of the embodiment of the present invention can be applied are various, such as a vehicle, a power grid, and the like, and for simplification of description, the vehicle is hereinafter exemplified.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.

Example one

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, which is provided in a vehicle. As shown in fig. 2, the fuel cell system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes at least two fuel cell stacks, and each of the fuel cell stacks is configured to correspond to a preset load condition with respect to a vehicle, wherein the preset load condition corresponding to each of the fuel cell stacks is configured to ensure that an MEA of the fuel cell stack experiences minimum stress or strain during operation, and each of the fuel cell stacks operates under the corresponding preset load condition.

Wherein the preset load condition refers to a load condition of the vehicle. Fig. 3(a) -3 (d) show the unloaded and loaded conditions of the vehicle, where fig. 3(a) and 3(b) are the unloaded and loaded conditions, respectively, of the vehicle traveling on a horizontal road, and fig. 3(c) and 3(d) are the unloaded and loaded conditions, respectively, of the vehicle traveling on a sloping road. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, even if there is no load or there is a load, the load conditions for the horizontal line and the slope are classified into two load conditions, that is, although there is no load in fig. 3(a) and fig. 3(c), they are different preset load conditions, and although there is a load in fig. 3(b) and fig. 3(d), they are also different preset load conditions. It should be noted that, in addition to the case where the items are loaded on the rear of the truck as shown in fig. 3(a) to 3(d), a change in the vehicle parts such as the vehicle equipped with an air conditioner or the vehicle not equipped with an air conditioner can be reflected as a change in the vehicle load.

For example, in a fuel cell vehicle, the fuel cell stack experiences different load conditions depending on driving behavior, and thus a variety of load conditions may occur, and the MEA of the fuel cell stack experiences different stresses and strains in each change of the load conditions. In the embodiment of the invention, the change of the load condition is preset to be a plurality of load conditions, and each preset load condition is distributed to different fuel cell stacks based on the principle that the load condition enables the MEA to bear the minimum stress or strain in the operation process, so that one fuel cell stack can effectively respond to the change of the stress or strain caused by the load change in one preset load condition, and the service life and the performance of the MEA are improved.

From the above, it can be seen that the purpose of configuring the fuel cell stack with different preset load conditions is to ensure optimal operation of the MEA. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the configuration of each of the fuel cell stacks to correspond one-to-one with each of the preset load conditions with respect to the vehicle may include: each of the fuel cell stacks is configured to use MEAs of a different configuration, wherein the various configurations of the MEAs correspond one-to-one to the respective preset load conditions. As such, configuring the fuel cell stacks in the embodiments of the present invention may be understood as configuring the MEAs such that the MEAs of each fuel cell stack have different configurations corresponding to different preset load conditions.

Further, the various configurations of the MEA include different MEA parameters that match different preset load conditions. Wherein, in connection with the description of the constitution of the MEA in the background section, the MEA parameters may be selected from the list comprising any one or more of: ionomer to carbon ratio (I/C), membrane parameters, catalyst loading, and GDL parameters. Wherein the membrane parameters comprise membrane thickness and/or membrane type, the catalyst loading comprises catalyst loaded electrodes (e.g., anode and cathode), and/or the GDL parameters comprise one or more of GDL thickness, GDL material type, GDL hydrophobicity, GDL hydrophilicity, and contact angle. Wherein the I/C ratio specifically refers to the ionomer to carbon ratio of the catalyst ink, which is used to prepare the electrode catalyst layer.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the preset load condition may be selected from a list comprising any one or more of: a high load condition of the vehicle, a low load condition of the vehicle, and a medium load condition of the vehicle. Here, "high load", "medium load" and "low load" are relative concepts that reflect a change in load from high to low, and high, low and medium of the vehicle load condition may be set in advance. For example, for the four conditions of fig. 3(a) -3 (d), since the sloping road requires more power than the horizontal road, the load levels of the four may be preset from low to high as fig. 3(a) -3 (c) -3 (b) -3 (d). In practice, the load "high", "low" and "medium" may be manually classified in advance, for example, the load is set to be higher than 1 ton to be in a high load condition, but it is more preferable to classify the load in the following manner:

1) a low load condition.

Corresponding to an idle condition when the vehicle is operating at a low current density, and specifically when the vehicle is in an on mode but not in motion.

2) A medium load condition.

Corresponding to the vehicle operating at medium current density, and specifically to the vehicle being in a normal operating condition.

3) A high load condition.

Corresponding to conditions that manifest as the vehicle operating at high current densities, which may also be referred to as heavy-duty conditions, and specifically as a vehicle in an electrical stack or high load condition.

It should be noted that almost all fuel cell vehicles conform to the three divisions described above, which also reflects that the MEAs within the fuel cell stack will experience severe changes in load conditions that are significantly less amenable to a single configuration of MEA, and thus embodiments of the present invention allocate each change in load conditions to a different fuel cell stack for processing.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the preset load condition may be selected from a list comprising any one or more of: traction load, refrigeration load, air compressor load, charging load. Corresponding to the embodiment in the above paragraph in which the preset load condition is configured based on "high", "low", "medium" of the preset load, the present preferred embodiment is to configure the preset load condition based on the load type. The traction load shows whether the vehicle is equipped with traction equipment such as a traction motor, the refrigeration load shows whether the vehicle is equipped with refrigeration equipment such as an air conditioner, the air compressor load shows whether the vehicle is equipped with the air compressor load, and the charging load shows whether the vehicle is equipped with charging equipment for charging a low-voltage battery.

Further to the fuel cell, the operation that affects its integrity is the change in temperature and RH associated with the transition between low and high power. Generally, for a fuel cell operating at a fixed stoichiometric ratio, low current operation means a relatively cool and wet cell; higher current means hotter, drier cells. The fact that ionomers (one of the important components of MEA) swell with water absorption indicates that an increase in water absorption when the membrane is exposed to high RH conditions can lead to compressive stresses in the membrane, which are then responsible for tensile residual stresses during drying, which are considered to be important causes of mechanical failure of the membrane. A recent study showed that drying produces considerable strain on the MEA, and that mechanical failure of the membrane may be due to gradual reduction in ductility and excessive strain caused by limited drying of the MEA.

In addition, both temperature and relative humidity have been shown to affect the rate of loss of surface area of the catalyst due to platinum particle growth. Platinum dissolution is the major factor limiting the life of the fuel cell, particularly under varying load conditions and at high potentials at the cathode. It is assumed that platinum dissolution is determined by the potential, particle size and coverage of the oxide, where fig. 1 shows the effect of varying loading conditions on the potential. Oxides can protect platinum from dissolution, but the kinetics of oxide formation are slow relative to the rate of platinum dissolution, so rapid changes in potential can expose bare platinum to corrosion during the transition between the potential step and the step of surface coating with oxide.

Thus, in a more preferred embodiment, each of the fuel cell stacks may be configured to operate under a preset temperature operating condition and/or a preset relative humidity operating condition of the fuel cell stack in addition to a preset load condition. As noted in the background section, stress, temperature, and relative humidity all affect the fatigue and life of the electrolyte membrane of the MEA, and the above predetermined load conditions are primarily stress-responsive. In this regard, the more preferred embodiment further configures a preset temperature operating condition and a preset relative humidity condition for both the temperature and the relative humidity, and configures the preset temperature operating condition for each fuel cell stack to ensure that the MEA of the fuel cell stack experiences the minimum temperature influence during operation, and configures the preset temperature operating condition for each fuel cell stack to ensure that the MEA of the fuel cell stack experiences the minimum relative humidity influence during operation. Here, the humidity influence and the relative humidity influence each refer to an influence on the fatigue degree and the life of the electrolyte membrane of the MEA.

Additionally, it should be noted that different loading conditions may also result in MEAs subjected to different temperature and relative humidity conditions, and frequent changes in temperature and relative humidity conditions may result in more strain or stress, i.e., they are mutually influential, and all ultimately affect fuel cell performance, durability, life, etc. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the configuration of the MEAs in the fuel cell stack may be determined collectively based on all three of load conditions, temperature conditions, and relative humidity conditions.

In summary, the fuel cell system according to the embodiment of the present invention is configured with at least two fuel cell stacks, and each fuel cell stack is operated under a preset load condition in which the MEA thereof is subjected to the minimum stress or strain, thereby improving the performance of the entire fuel cell system and contributing to the increase in the life of the fuel cell. In addition, each MEA is subjected to only minimal stress or strain, which can relieve stress and load fluctuations in the stacked stack to avoid platinum dissolution and further improve fuel cell life.

Example two

The second embodiment of the invention provides a vehicle including the fuel cell system of the first embodiment.

It should be noted that the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the type of the vehicle, and all vehicles using the fuel cell system should belong to the protection scope of the embodiment of the present invention.

For more implementation details and effects of the vehicle according to the second embodiment of the present invention, reference may be made to the first embodiment, and details are not repeated herein.

EXAMPLE III

Fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method of controlling a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the fuel cell system is the fuel cell system described in the first embodiment. As shown in fig. 4, the method may include the steps of:

in step S410, a load condition of the vehicle is detected.

Referring to the description of the division of the low load condition, the medium load condition and the high load condition in the first embodiment, it can be known that the load condition can be represented by the current density. Therefore, this step S410 may enable detection of the load condition of the vehicle by detecting the current density at which the vehicle is operated.

For example, when the current density of the detected vehicle is 1.5A/cm²、2.5A/cm²And 3A/cm²In time, it can be determined that the vehicle is in a low load condition, a medium load condition, and a high load condition, respectively.

Step S420, determining a preset load condition matching the load condition.

In connection with the above example, when it is determined that the vehicle is in the low load condition, the medium load condition, and the high load condition, the load condition matching the low load condition, the medium load condition, and the high load condition may be directly determined according to the setting of the preset load condition.

And step S430, selecting and operating the fuel cell stack corresponding to the determined preset load condition.

Referring to the description of the preset load condition in the first embodiment, it can be known that determining the fuel cell stack corresponding to the preset load condition is equivalent to determining the parameters of the MEA of the stack.

In connection with the above example, the current densities when the vehicle is detected to be running are 1.5A/cm respectively²、2.5A/cm²And 3A/cm²The parameters of the MEAs of the stack that can be selected for operation and power can be determined as follows:

1) when the current density is 1.5A/cm²Then, determining: the membrane thickness of the MEA is between 20 and 25 μm; an I/C ratio of 0.9 to 0.85, and the ionomer has an equivalent weight (equivalent weight) of less than 950; the catalyst load middle cathode is 0.5-0.25mg/cm²And the anode is 0.1-0.05mg/cm²(ii) a The GDL has a thickness of 200 μm and a contact angle greater than 130 °.

2) When the current density is 2.5A/cm²Then, determining: the membrane thickness of the MEA is between 10 and 15 μm; an I/C ratio of 0.9 to 0.85, and the ionomer has an equivalent weight of less than 950; the catalyst load middle cathode is 0.35-0.25mg/cm²And the anode is 0.1-0.05mg/cm²(ii) a The GDL has a thickness of 170 μm and a contact angle greater than 130 ° and less than or equal to 170 °.

3) When the current density is 3A/cm²Then, determining: the thickness of the membrane of the MEA is 10 μmHas a low equivalent weight; an I/C ratio of 0.9 to 0.85, and the ionomer has an equivalent weight of less than 850; the catalyst load middle cathode is 0.35-0.25mg/cm²And the anode is 0.1-0.05mg/cm²(ii) a The thickness of the GDL is 30-130 μm, and the contact angle is greater than 130 DEG and less than or equal to 160 deg.

It will be appreciated that the parameters of the MEAs of these stacks determine their ability to cope with different load variations, and the parameter configuration of the MEA that is most suitable for the current load variation can be selected depending on the load conditions of the vehicle. In addition, it is possible that a plurality of electric stacks have the capability of coping with the same load change, so that the combination of the electric stacks can be selected to operate according to the requirement, and the protection scope of the embodiment of the invention is also included.

Further, for "selection" in step S430, refer to a plurality of tables involved in the first embodiment, which may be implemented by means of a lookup table.

The advantages of the method of the third embodiment of the present invention are the same as or similar to those of the fuel cell system of the first embodiment, and are not repeated herein.

Example four

A fourth embodiment of the present invention provides a machine-readable storage medium, where the machine-readable storage medium stores instructions for causing a machine to implement the method described in the third embodiment.

Wherein the machine is for example a vehicle controller. The selection, detection, determination, and operation of the first and third embodiments may be determined by instructions, such as a vehicle controller executing instructions pre-loaded with a table for looking up the first embodiment and outputting selected optimal MEA configurations, including temperature, relative humidity, voltage, etc.

Additionally, the machine-readable storage medium includes, but is not limited to, Phase Change Random Access Memory (PRAM, also known as RCM/PCRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), Flash Memory (Flash Memory) or other Memory technology, compact disc read only Memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, and the like, which can store program codes.

The advantages of the fuel cell system of the third embodiment of the present invention are the same as or similar to those of the fuel cell system of the first embodiment, and are not repeated herein.

EXAMPLE five

An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device, where the computer device includes: one or more processors; memory for storing one or more programs that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method of embodiment three.

In a typical configuration, the computer device may be a vehicle controller or battery controller that includes one or more processors (CPUs) and memory. The memory may include, among other things, a machine-readable storage medium, examples of which are shown in embodiment four.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system disposed in an apparatus, wherein the fuel cell system comprises at least two fuel cell stacks, and each of the fuel cell stacks is configured to correspond to a respective predetermined load condition with respect to the apparatus, wherein the predetermined load condition associated with each of the fuel cell stacks is configured to ensure that a membrane electrode assembly MEA of the fuel cell stack experiences minimal stress or strain during operation, and wherein each of the fuel cell stacks operates under its corresponding predetermined load condition.

2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the respective fuel cell stacks being configured in one-to-one correspondence with respective preset load conditions on the device include:

each of the fuel cell stacks is configured to use MEAs of a different configuration, wherein the various configurations of the MEAs correspond one-to-one to the respective preset load conditions.

3. The fuel cell system of claim 2, wherein the various configurations of the MEA include different MEA parameters that match different preset load conditions.

4. The fuel cell system of claim 3, wherein the MEA parameters are selected from a list comprising any one or more of: ionomer to carbon ratio I/C, membrane parameters, catalyst loading, and gas diffusion layer GDL parameters.

5. The fuel cell system of claim 4, wherein the membrane parameters include a membrane thickness and/or a membrane type; the catalyst support comprises a catalyst-loaded electrode; and/or the GDL parameters include one or more of GDL thickness, GDL material type, GDL hydrophobicity, GDL hydrophilicity, and contact angle.

6. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the predetermined load condition is selected from a list comprising any one or more of: a high load condition of the device, a low load condition of the device, and a medium load condition of the device;

wherein the high, low and medium of the device load condition are preset.

7. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the predetermined load condition is selected from a list comprising any one or more of: traction load, refrigeration load, air compressor load, charging load.

8. The fuel cell system according to claim 1,

each fuel cell stack is further configured to operate under a preset temperature operating condition and/or a preset relative humidity operating condition of the fuel cell stack;

wherein the preset temperature operation condition corresponding to each fuel cell stack is configured to ensure that the MEA of the fuel cell stack is subjected to the minimum temperature influence in operation;

wherein the preset temperature operating condition corresponding to each fuel cell stack is configured to ensure that the MEA of the fuel cell stack is subjected to the minimum relative humidity influence in operation.

9. A method of controlling the fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising:

detecting a load condition of the device;

determining a preset load condition matched with the load condition; and

selecting and operating the fuel cell stack corresponding to the determined preset load condition.

10. A machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions for causing a machine to perform the method of claim 9.

11. A computer device, characterized in that the computer device comprises:

one or more processors;

a memory for storing one or more programs,

when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method of claim 9.