CN112237437A - Step-to-spiral moving CT scanning method, system and storage medium - Google Patents
Step-to-spiral moving CT scanning method, system and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005314 correlation function Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007500 overflow downdraw method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Devices for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computerised tomographs
- A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Devices for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/027—Devices for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis characterised by the use of a particular data acquisition trajectory, e.g. helical or spiral
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Devices for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computerised tomographs
- A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
- A61B6/035—Mechanical aspects of CT
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4429—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units
- A61B6/4435—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/5258—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving detection or reduction of artifacts or noise
Abstract
The invention discloses a step-to-spiral mobile CT scanning method, a system and a storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining a scanning area, wherein the moving process of a scanning frame comprises an acceleration section, a uniform speed section and a deceleration section, the bulb tube current is in direct proportion to the moving speed of the scanning frame, and the part to be scanned is scanned in a variable spiral manner to obtain first projection data; judging whether an unscanned region still exists, if so, moving the whole CT system by a preset stepping distance, returning the scanning frame to the initial position, and performing variable-helix scanning again to obtain second projection data; and completing projection data acquisition of all the scanning areas, processing the received projection data, and generating an image for a doctor to look up through image processing. The invention utilizes the whole scanning time period, has high scanning efficiency, can be combined with respiratory gating, meets the CT scanning requirement of the patient who can not hold breath, and has good image imaging effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical imaging, in particular to a stepping-to-spiral mobile CT scanning method, a stepping-to-spiral mobile CT scanning system and a storage medium.
Background
CT medical imaging systems have advanced significantly since the invention in the 70's of the 20 th century, with scan speeds from a few minutes at the beginning to 0.2 seconds at present. The number of detector rows also ranges from the first single row to the second row, to the present 64 rows, 128 rows, and even 256 rows. The change is not only the upgrading and updating of system hardware, but also the image reconstruction technology of the system has revolutionary change. Since the initial CT systems had only one row of detectors, the X-ray beam was a fan beam, and the reconstruction techniques used were also two-dimensional fan beam reconstruction techniques. Since only one layer can be scanned at a time, the whole scan takes a long time, and then multi-row CT is introduced to accelerate the scanning speed, such as 16-row and 32-row systems, as in reference [1 ]. Furthermore, the CT system must be generally fixed on the ground, which imposes a great limitation on the use of the CT system. Therefore, in recent years, a mobile CT system has been introduced, and the whole CT system can move autonomously, thereby facilitating the popularization and use of the CT system, and being particularly suitable for use in intensive care units.
Mobile CT systems typically employ either a step-and-circle scan or a helical scan. Step-and-circle scanning, i.e. the gantry scans one revolution, and then the gantry as a whole moves over a distance covered by one detector, typically between 2-4 cm. In helical scanning mode, i.e. during rotation of the gantry, the gantry is also moved in the direction of the patient bed. The movement or translation of the frame can be achieved by means of rails fixed to the frame, or by means of the drive wheels of the frame itself.
The scanning method of the existing mobile CT system still needs to be improved in the following aspects:
1. in a traditional stepping circular scanning mode, the scanning range of each time is only the width of one detector, the limitation of the current cost, technology and the like is numerous, and the coverage range of the detector of the movable CT system is only 2cm-4 cm. A typical lung scan requires a range of around 30 cm. The total scan time is therefore approximately 2 minutes.
2. Although the range of the helical scanning is long, the high-precision motion guide rail of the gantry is limited, the volume size of the gantry is limited to about 20cm, the actual scanning length is less except the length for starting acceleration and deceleration, therefore, the helical scanning except the head part is difficult to satisfy, although the helical scanning can be realized by driving movement, the position precision is very different, and artifacts can be caused on the image.
Both of these approaches are difficult to scan for patients who cannot hold their breath because both of these scanning approaches are difficult to combine with respiratory gating.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical purpose is as follows: aiming at the defects, the invention discloses a step-to-spiral mobile CT scanning method, a system and a storage medium, which make full use of the whole scanning time period, have high scanning efficiency and simple operation and solve the defects of the existing mobile CT system in practical use.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a stepping and spiral changing mobile CT scanning method is applied to a mobile CT system, the mobile CT system comprises a first driving mechanism for driving a scanning frame to translate and a second driving mechanism for driving the whole CT system to translate, and a bulb tube and a detector are arranged on the scanning frame;
it is characterized in that the following steps are sequentially executed:
step one, variable spiral scanning: determining a scanning area, wherein the scanning frame moves in a stroke range under the action of a first driving mechanism, the coverage range of one-time variable spiral scanning is the maximum stroke of the scanning mechanism moving under the action of the first driving mechanism, the moving speed of the scanning frame is increased from zero to a set constant speed and then is reduced from the constant speed to zero, and the corresponding moving process comprises an acceleration section, a constant speed section and a deceleration section;
setting scanning parameters, wherein the bulb tube current is in direct proportion to the moving speed of the scanning frame, and scanning the part to be scanned to acquire first projection data;
step two, step scanning: after the first driving mechanism moves to the maximum stroke, judging whether an unscanned area exists or not, and if the unscanned area does not exist, entering the fourth step;
if the non-scanned area still exists, the whole CT system is driven by the second driving mechanism to move by a preset stepping distance, and meanwhile, the scanning frame returns to the initial position; performing variable spiral scanning in the first step to obtain second projection data;
step three, repeating the step two until the projection data acquisition of all the scanning areas is finished, and entering the step four;
and step four, processing the received projection data, and generating an image for a doctor to look up through image processing.
Preferably, in the first step, the tube current is linear with the moving speed of the scanning frame, and the formula (1) is satisfied:
I(t)=Max(Min(v(t)×C,Imax),Imin) (1)
wherein, ImaxMaximum current allowed to pass through the bulb, IminC is constant, v is the current moving speed of the scanning frame, and I is the current exposure current of the bulb tube.
Preferably, in the second step, the stepping distance is smaller than the coverage of the variable-spiral scanning of the scanning gantry, so that an overlapping area is formed between adjacent variable-spiral scanning areas.
Preferably, in the fourth step, when the received data is the first projection data transmitted in the second step, an iterative reconstruction method or a modified convolution back-projection reconstruction method is used to reconstruct an image of a single variable helical scan.
Preferably, in the fourth step, when the received data is the projection data including the first projection data and all the second projection data transmitted in the third step, an adaptive image fusion method is adopted to perform image reconstruction and image stitching, and the stitched images are output as images for a doctor to review.
Preferably, the projection data obtained by adjacent variable helical scanning is reconstructed by volk(xa,ya,za) Representing the volume data pixel value, vol, in the overlapping area of the shifted scanned imagesk-1(xb,yb,zb) To representThe pixel value of the volume data in the scanned image before moving, if the pixel point (x) in the k-1 th scanned imageb,yb,zb) The corresponding actual point is A, and after the given movement, the corresponding pixel point of the actual point A in the kth scanning image is (x)a,ya,za);
The calculation formula of image stitching is as follows:
wherein, σvThe noise parameter is expressed, VolCor is an image correlation function, Match is a splicing fusion processing function, and L and delta theta are distance deviation and rotation angle deviation existing between adjacent images respectively.
A step-to-spiral mobile CT scanning system is used for realizing the step-to-spiral mobile CT scanning method, and is characterized in that: the movable CT system comprises a first driving mechanism for driving the scanning frame to translate and a second driving mechanism for driving the whole CT system to translate, and the scanning frame is provided with a bulb tube and a detector;
the scanning mechanism is characterized in that a guide rail and a connecting seat which are preset in length are arranged in the first driving mechanism, the scanning frame is installed on the guide rail through the connecting seat and is driven by the first driving mechanism to move horizontally, and the scanning mechanism has a preset stroke range.
Preferably, the CT system is provided with a support seat for bearing the whole CT system, the bottom of the support seat is provided with a driving wheel, and the driving wheel drives the whole CT system to move horizontally under the action of the second driving mechanism.
A storage medium, characterized by: the storage medium stores at least one instruction executable by a processor, the at least one instruction, when executed by the processor, implementing a step-and-spiral moving CT scanning method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
Has the advantages that: the scanning method of the invention fully utilizes the whole scanning time period, has high scanning efficiency and simple operation, solves the defects of the prior mobile CT system in actual use, can be combined with respiratory gating, and meets the CT scanning requirement of patients who can not hold breath.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spiral + circumferential scan pattern;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a helical scanning mode;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of drive wheel movement and internal guide track movement;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a step-and-spiral-based mobile CT scanning method according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a step-by-step helical scanning mode;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the range of primary helices in the process of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the movement of the CT system in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a first drive mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a CT system employing the first drive mechanism of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an entire CT system.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a novel scanning mode, namely a stepping and spiral-changing self-adaptive scanning mode to solve the problem of the scanning imaging technology of moving CT. When the CT scanning is carried out after the user gives a region, a step-by-step and spiral-changing scanning mode is adopted. The method comprises the following steps:
the scanning of variable spiral means that the scanning frame (including the bulb and the detector, etc.) rotates at a constant speed all the time, and the moving device in the system drives the scanning frame. The traditional spiral scanning adopts a constant pitch, so that the scanning can be only carried out in a constant-speed interval, and the stroke of the whole mechanical motion cannot be effectively utilized. The variable helical scanning adopted here has the advantage that the acquisition can be carried out in the whole movement interval, and the stroke can be more effectively utilized. The scanning Range covered by the entire process becomes Range _ VH. During scanning, the tube current can also change correspondingly with the change of the speed, so that the uniformity of image noise can be achieved. The specific principle is that when the moving speed is slow, the bulb tube current is also small, the moving speed is fast, and the bulb tube current is also increased in response. The relationship between them may be a linear relationship.
I(t)=Max(Min(v(t)×C,Imax),Imin) (1)
Wherein, ImaxMaximum current allowed to pass through the bulb, IminC is a constant, such as 100, v is the current moving speed of the scanning frame, and I is the current exposure current of the bulb.
And secondly, after the internal motion mechanism moves to the maximum, if an unscanned area exists, the whole system is moved by adopting a driving wheel system, and meanwhile, the moved scanning frame returns to the initial position in the moving process to prepare for the next scanning. When the mobile CT system moves a certain distance Step _ C. Typically Step _ C < Range _ VH. This ensures that there is partial overlap between adjacent variable helical scan regions. The step 5 of variable helical scanning is repeated after the signal is triggered.
And thirdly, if the scanning is finished, reconstructing the image of the acquired data by utilizing a back-varying spiral reconstruction technology and a stepping fusion technology.
The variable helical reconstruction technique may employ an iterative reconstruction technique, or a modified convolution backprojection reconstruction technique, to reconstruct the image of a single variable helical scan. The iterative reconstruction technique may be an existing iterative reconstruction technique, such as reference [1 ].
The image stitching work can adopt the position perception of an external sensor and combine the characteristics between the current reconstruction area image and the adjacent reconstruction area image to estimate the similarity of the overlapping areas of the two scans to perform image fusion. Namely adaptive image fusion techniques. As determined by the factory performance parameters of the particular device.
In order to ensure that the images between the two scans are as continuous as possible, without abrupt changes, there is a certain overlap area between the kth scan and the k-1 scan. In order to obtain the optimal image quality, it is necessary to perform a stitching fusion process (Match) on the two images in the overlapping region. Here, the image of the overlapping area obtained by two scans is defined as volkAnd volk-1. The stitching may be based on feature points, correlation, etc. of the images. Here, the correlation of images, volcor, is exemplified. In general, two scans are performed for the same region, and due to mechanical or control errors, there is a certain offset L or a deviation Δ θ of the rotation angle between the obtained images, as shown in fig. 7. For accurate splice fusion, it can be estimated by maximizing the value of Match below.
The calculation formula of image stitching is as follows:
σvis a noise parameter, which is used to control the probability distribution of the image, which may be 10; volk(xa,ya,za) Representing volume data pixel values in an overlapping region of the shifted scanned images; volk-1(xb,yb,zb) The table represents the volume data pixel values in the scanned image before movement, wherein if the pixel point (x) in the k-1 th scanned imageb,yb,zb) The corresponding actual point is A, and after the given movement, the corresponding pixel point of the actual point A in the kth scanning image is (x)a,ya,za) VolCor represents an image correlation function, and Match represents a stitching fusion processing function.
The above formula is a calculation method for representing the image matching degree of the relative position of the overlapping region, and the difference between the data of the overlapping region in two different images under the real geometric transformation is very small, and the Match is maximum. The distribution of the degree of image matching can be defined in many ways, and a common gaussian distribution is used here.
The method of the present invention has the main advantage that the variable pitch method can have a larger scanning range, and the fixed pitch adopted in the conventional method can only utilize the constant speed range in fig. 6 in each scanning range. The method of the present invention can make full use of the entire range of motion, so even though the conventional method overcomes the technical difficulties, it can adopt a similar pulsed scanning mode, and the coverage of each scan is limited, i.e. more scanning time is required to cover the whole area. By adopting the step-and-change-spiral scanning method, adjacent images are spliced and fused, and a CT image with better quality can be obtained.
It should be noted that, in the mobile CT system of the present invention, the system itself has a driving wheel, i.e. the second driving mechanism, and the driving wheel can move the whole system as needed, and the moving distance is not limited; the moving CT system, namely the first driving mechanism, is provided with a movable device, such as a one-stage or multi-stage guide rail, a screw rod and the like, which drives the scanning frame to move, and the moving distance is limited but higher moving precision can be ensured.
The mobile device in the present invention may adopt any one of the following modes: a) the device comprises a roller translation mechanism, a b) a ball screw and linear guide rail mechanism, and a c) belt transmission and linear guide rail mechanism.
As shown, a translation mechanism moves the CT. The guide rail base is compact in design, does not occupy space, can select standard sectional materials and is low in cost. At least more than two bearing rollers are clamped on the guide rail support from top to bottom or from left to right, no matter which direction is clamped on the guide rail support, one side of the bearing rollers is always adjustable along the clamping direction, no matter which direction is clamped on the guide rail support, the bearing rollers can be arranged according to the whole machine, and the clamping direction of the bearing rollers is flexibly designed. The entire moving mechanism may take one or more stages to increase the stroke.
As shown in fig. 8 to 10, the translation mechanism includes a rail base 1, a slider mounting plate 2, a bearing roller 3, a rack 4, an encoder 5, a motor 6, a motor mounting plate 7, a gear 8, a scan ring 101, a first support base 102, and second support bases 103 and 104 as the ground.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Reference documents:
[1].Lange K and Carson R 1984EM reconstruction algorithms for emission and transmission tomography J.Comput.Assisted Tomogr.8 306–16
Claims (9)
1. a stepping and spiral changing mobile CT scanning method is applied to a mobile CT system, the mobile CT system comprises a first driving mechanism for driving a scanning frame to translate and a second driving mechanism for driving the whole CT system to translate, and a bulb tube and a detector are arranged on the scanning frame;
it is characterized in that the following steps are sequentially executed:
step one, variable spiral scanning: determining a scanning area, wherein the scanning frame moves in a stroke range under the action of a first driving mechanism, the coverage range of one-time variable spiral scanning is the maximum stroke of the scanning mechanism moving under the action of the first driving mechanism, the moving speed of the scanning frame is increased from zero to a set constant speed and then is reduced from the constant speed to zero, and the corresponding moving process comprises an acceleration section, a constant speed section and a deceleration section;
setting scanning parameters, wherein the bulb tube current is in direct proportion to the moving speed of the scanning frame, and scanning the part to be scanned to acquire first projection data;
step two, step scanning: after the first driving mechanism moves to the maximum stroke, judging whether an unscanned area exists or not, and if the unscanned area does not exist, entering the fourth step;
if the non-scanned area still exists, the whole CT system is driven by the second driving mechanism to move by a preset stepping distance, and meanwhile, the scanning frame returns to the initial position; performing variable spiral scanning in the first step to obtain second projection data;
step three, repeating the step two until the projection data acquisition of all the scanning areas is finished, and entering the step four;
and step four, processing the received projection data, and generating an image for a doctor to look up through image processing.
2. A step-and-spiral mobile CT scanning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the current of the bulb tube and the moving speed of the scanning frame have a linear relation and satisfy the formula (1):
I(t)=Max(Min(v(t)×C,Imax),Imin) (1)
wherein, ImaxMaximum current allowed to pass through the bulb, IminC is constant, v is the current moving speed of the scanning frame, and I is the current exposure current of the bulb tube.
3. A step-and-spiral mobile CT scanning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the stepping distance is smaller than the coverage range of the variable spiral scanning of the scanning frame, so that an overlapping area is formed between adjacent variable spiral scanning areas.
4. A step-and-spiral mobile CT scanning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, when the received data is the first projection data transmitted in the second step, an iterative reconstruction method or an improved convolution back-projection reconstruction method is adopted to reconstruct an image of a single variable helical scan.
5. The imaging method of a step-and-spiral mobile CT scanning system of claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, when the received data is the projection data including the first projection data and all the second projection data transmitted in the third step, the image reconstruction and the image mosaic are performed by adopting a self-adaptive image fusion method, and the mosaic processed image is output as an image for a doctor to look up.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step-and-repeat moving CT scanning system comprises: after the projection data obtained by adjacent variable helical scanning is subjected to image reconstruction, vol is usedk(xa,ya,za) Representing the volume data pixel value, vol, in the overlapping area of the shifted scanned imagesk-1(xb,yb,zb) Representing the pixel value of the volume data in the scanned image before moving, if the pixel point (x) in the k-1 th scanned imageb,yb,zb) The corresponding actual point is A, and after the given movement, the corresponding pixel point of the actual point A in the kth scanning image is (x)a,ya,za);
The calculation formula of image stitching is as follows:
wherein, σvThe noise parameter is expressed, VolCor is an image correlation function, Match is a splicing fusion processing function, and L and delta theta are distance deviation and rotation angle deviation existing between adjacent images respectively.
7. A step-to-spiral mobile CT scanning system for implementing the step-to-spiral mobile CT scanning method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the movable CT system comprises a first driving mechanism for driving the scanning frame to translate and a second driving mechanism for driving the whole CT system to translate, and the scanning frame is provided with a bulb tube and a detector;
the scanning mechanism is characterized in that a guide rail and a connecting seat which are preset in length are arranged in the first driving mechanism, the scanning frame is installed on the guide rail through the connecting seat and is driven by the first driving mechanism to move horizontally, and the scanning mechanism has a preset stroke range.
8. A step-and-spiral mobile CT scanning system as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the CT system is provided with a supporting seat for bearing the whole CT system, the bottom of the supporting seat is provided with a driving wheel, and the driving wheel drives the whole CT system to move horizontally under the action of the second driving mechanism.
9. A storage medium, characterized by: the storage medium stores at least one instruction executable by a processor, the at least one instruction, when executed by the processor, implementing a step-and-spiral moving CT scanning method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
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