CN1122349C

CN1122349C - Three-terminal receiprocal electromechanical transducer

Info

Publication number: CN1122349C
Application number: CN97119117A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 华宏荪
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1997-10-09
Filing date: 1997-10-09
Publication date: 2003-09-24
Anticipated expiration: 2017-10-09
Also published as: CN1214563A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a three-terminal reciprocal electromechanical transducer which comprises a transducing matching element pair and a programmable controller, wherein the transducing matching part pair is used as a power end; a winding element of the transducing matching element pair is circumscribed with a bidirectional reversible transducer composed of an electric electronic switching assembly with large power; the reversible transducer as an electric main port is connected with a direct current power supply network; the programmable controller controls the reversible transducer and the transducing matching element pair; a communication interface of the programmable controller is used as an information end. The present invention uses the characteristics of the transducing matching element pair of electric and power conversion, and uses a digital electronic control device and corresponding software as assistant parts to form a new-generation transducer with the function of intelligent mechanical energy and electric energy conversion.

Description

Three-terminal receiprocal electromechanical transducer

The present invention relates to a kind of conversion equipment with electric energy-mechanical energy of three reciprocal ports, exactly, relate to a kind of can be according to the variation of condition at random, and the real-time working method that changes self on one's own initiative becomes novel electromechanical device---the three-terminal receiprocal electromechanical transducer that can change between output electric energy (generating state) or this two states of input electric energy (Electric Traction state).

Since adopting electric power as the energy, when driving various mechanical work, people are just exploring always and a kind ofly are being applicable to that the driving load constantly changes, particularly do positive work sometimes, do the drive system under the negative work situation sometimes, it can utilize the variation of load, reduce power consumption, or even obtain electric energy.The dc trailing system of continuous current locomotive for example utilizes the equilibrium relation of direct current machine induced electromotive force and outer supply power voltage, adjusts its output operating mode or Electric Traction and generating state passively, to adapt to the fluctuations of road.The inertia balance system that for example uses in the oil pumper, it utilizes inertia energy storage, utilizes speed poor, and the piston that absorbs in the reciprocating motion moves downward the excess energy that gravity acting provides, piston in reciprocating motion is in when moving upward high capacity and discharges, and reaches the purpose of passive stabilization operating mode.But, utilize the apparatus structure of these methods quite complicated, as the brush-system of direct current machine,, corresponding labyrinth must be arranged for guaranteeing the reliable low resistance connection under big electric current; The inertia balance system also needs to increase a huge counterweight.And, the more important thing is that now existent method all is passive adjustment, they all are to utilize the variation of operating mode to come passive transition state.These systems are " two ends " basically, its live end is (as the Electric Traction state, it is the electric energy input, as generating state, it is a power output end) and machinery is held, and (as the Electric Traction state, it is the mechanical energy output, as generating state, it is the mechanical energy input), and can not come ACTIVE CONTROL to change operating mode according to other parameter.

In today that century intersects, information technology, power electronics and other sophisticated technologies are all developing rapidly, and people have felt that we are just living in extremely advanced, the flourishing world.In recent years, the fast development of electronic information technology is exactly one of important achievement of contemporary science and technology to the profound influence that many conventional industries take place.Propagate many fields that the high-tech that combines with control technology has been penetrated into conventional industries with computer and new information, and day by day to the higher level degree of depth and range developing.And; this progress or has soon proposed to renovate and even the thoroughly requirement of remodeling redesign to many electromechanical equipments by the traditional concept design; people begin to expect to have a kind of new and effective energy to produce and conversion equipment substitutes traditional electrical energy production and Electric Traction equipment; it can come real-time ACTIVE CONTROL self-operating operating mode according to various parameters, to satisfy the demand of protection environment and energy savings resource.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of new mechanical and electrical equipment---the three-terminal receiprocal electromechanical transducer that can realize above-mentioned electric energy and mechanical energy bi-directional conversion function.It is controlled the relation and the operating mode of electricity end and machinery end by the various parameters of information Control end input.

The present invention is achieved in that the transducing idol part of being made up of an element of winding and magnetic element pays, and the electronic-controlled installation that carries out real-time digital control is formed, it is characterized in that: the element of winding in paying as the transducing idol part of this device power transducing end is the parts that are made of silicon sheet core and coil windings, the mold insert that magnetic element then is to use the terres rares magnetic material to make after magnetization, one of them is fixed in a part as power transducing end device the element of winding and magnetic element, in the relatively-stationary body, another then is fixed in the another part as power transducing end device, the relative movement part that is used for mechanical I/O energy; Be circumscribed with the AC/DC bidirectional reversible converter that is made of the high-power electric and electronic switch module on the element of winding that transducing idol part is paid, this bidirectional reversible converter is connected with the direct current power supply network, as the electric power master port of this device; Have and pay in real time the Programmable Logic Controller of controlling, also can be total with other equipment to this AC/DC bidirectional reversible converter and transducing idol part, this Programmable Logic Controller is provided with the communication interface of standard criterion, as the information Control end of this device.

In the present invention, part as power transducing end---relatively-stationary body can be the stator of a band cylindrical cavity, and its another part---relative movement part can be one that match with cylindrical cavity in the stator, be supported also relatively turnable rotor.Owing to fix the magnetic interaction that transducing idol part that the element of winding above it and magnetic element form is paid respectively, realize the function of permanent magnet rotating machine.

In the present invention, relatively-stationary body can be the linear motor stator on one one end band one plane, relative movement part can be one with stator corresponding, the linear rotor that can relatively move thereon.Owing to fix the magnetic interaction that transducing idol part that the element of winding above it and magnetic element form is paid respectively, realize the function of permanent-magnetism linear motor.

Relatively-stationary body and relative movement part, no matter be the plane or cylinder, can be the part that this three-terminal receiprocal electromechanical transducer transducing idol part is paid, making this three-terminal receiprocal electromechanical transducer is a machine that independence can be moved; They also can be used as the part of driven equipment, only the transducing of three-terminal receiprocal electromechanical transducer idol part are paid and are fixed in wherein, utilize the support of driven equipment, realize its function.Relatively-stationary body can be the stator of a band cylindrical cavity, relative movement part can be one and match with cylindrical cavity in the stator, be supported and relatively turnable rotor, in such structure, the element of winding can be fixed in the cylindrical cavity inwall of stator, and magnetic element can be fixed in the outer wall of rotor.Because the element of winding is fixed in the cylindrical cavity inwall of stator, and magnetic element is fixed in the outer wall of rotor, does not have the element of winding in rotor, does not have the problem that is electrically connected with rotor.And the electrical connection of being fixed in the element of winding in the stator does not have relative motion, therefore available general consolidation method.

The magnetic element that the transducing idol part of this three-terminal receiprocal electromechanical transducer is paid can be inserting of planar sheet, and electricity can be inserting of strip and block or circular arc bulk.

In this three-terminal receiprocal electromechanical transducer, how right transducing idol part is paid can have, and as two pairs, three pairs, six pairs, distributes along direction of relative movement.At power transducing end is in the situation of rotation form, forms heterogeneously, and as two-phase, three-phase, six drives mutually.At power transducing end is in the situation of form of straight lines, the element of winding during transducing idol part is paid and the number of magnetic element can be unequal, the element of winding can have a plurality of, as two, three, six, distribute along direction of relative movement, the number of magnetic element can distribute in whole movement travel along direction of relative movement more than the number of the element of winding.

In this three-terminal receiprocal electromechanical transducer, transducing idol part is paid and can be multiplied, on the direction vertical, arrange a plurality of with the direction of motion, but join with one of AC/DC bidirectional reversible converter behind the element of winding serial or parallel connection, do not change its control number of phases, but increase power conversion power, adapt to the requirement of high-power driving.

Wherein AC/DC bidirectional reversible converter also can be connected with the three-phase alternating current supply network by another bidirectional reversible converter.

The present invention is by three kinds of equipment complexes that electronic device is formed of the power transducing devices of microelectronic component, device for high-power power electronic and general energyization (claiming the mechanics electronic device again).This invention makes full use of transducing idol part and pays the good characteristic with electric power/power salient feature, be aided with AC/DC bidirectional reversible converter, microcomputer or Programmable Logic Controller again, and high-tech product and means such as corresponding operation system of software, make it to become the transducing head of the mechanical/electrical energy bi-directional conversion function with artificial intelligence of a new generation.The present invention is different from traditional electromechanical equipment, it is a kind of real-time controllable device, both the electric energy of standard criterion can have been controlled the operating state of machine by the output of power transducing end according to information command, also the merit (mechanical energy) of power transducing end along with the change of drive source dynamic shuffle can be converted to the electric energy that meets the electrical network standard criterion and import supply network, for example: can be using mechanical brake in original traction work mechanism, resistance, thermosteresis means such as reactive current the energy that consumes in vain develop once more and be transformed into electric energy, like this, both abundant recuperated energy improved grid power factor and energy applications efficient; The greenhouse effect that can reduce again in the atmospheric environment pollute, and reach environment protecting.The present invention has extremely application prospects, and wherein the transducing of power end idol part can be implanted to many general or special purpose electromechanical equipments application, is an innovative technology equipment of rebuilding traditional industry.

Fig. 1 is that structure of the present invention is formed schematic diagram;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of an embodiment paying of transducing of the present invention idol part;

Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention is a kind of mutual conversion equipment of electric energy/mechanical energy, it includes: pay 1 by the transducing idol part that the element of winding 11 and magnetic element 12 are formed, and pay 1 to this transducing idol part and carry out the numeral electronic-controlled installation of control in real time, wherein the element of winding 11 paid in 1 of transducing idol part is the parts that are made of silicon sheet core and coil windings, 12 of magnetic elements be to use the terres rares magnetic material through the magnetization after make insert, the shape of inserting can be a planar sheet, also can strip or the inserting of circular arc bulk, look its power part planform and select.In fact, magnetic element also is a kind of microelectronic element that is made of numerous microelectronics " super different winding ", can be with the magnetic characteristic performance of giving design code after its magnetization.The element of winding 11 in transducing idol part can being paid is implanted the moving component of power-equipments and is become the rotor of this power-equipment, and 12 of magnetic elements are implanted the static mechanics structure member of this power-equipment and become the stator of power-equipment.Also can be conversely, the magnetic element 12 during transducing idol part paid is implanted the moving component of power-equipments and is become the rotor of this power-equipment, the element of winding 11 is implanted the static mechanics structure member of these power-equipments and becomes the stator of power-equipment.Be circumscribed with the AC/DC bidirectional reversible converter 2 that is made of the high-power electric and electronic switch module on the element of winding 11, this bidirectional reversible converter 2 is connected with direct current power supply network 4, as its electric power master port.Simultaneously, converter 2 also can be connected with three-phase alternating current supply network 5 by another bidirectional reversible converter 21 of adjunction, pays port as its electric power, thereby realizes and being connected of AC network.The circuit structure of the high-power reversible transducer of this real-time control mainly is made up of some groups of high-power electronic switchs, and its main task is the controlled power conversions (can be single-phase, also can three-phase) between bearing direct current and exchanging.Can transform through secondary development with commercially available frequency converter when small lot trial-production is produced and substitute it.This device also is provided with one and bidirectional reversible converter 2 and transducing idol part is paid part 1 is controlled in real time, and Programmable Logic Controller 3 that can be total with other equipment, Programmable Logic Controller 3 is provided with the communication interface 31 of standard criterion, as information Control end of the present invention, Programmable Logic Controller 3 is determined output bidirectional reversible converter 2 needed control impuls sequences jointly with the link of bidirectional reversible converter 2 according to the sequential of setting with by various environment and system parameters that other information input terminals of Programmable Logic Controller 3 are imported by the program in the Programmable Logic Controller 3.The control impuls sequence has determined the working condition of bidirectional reversible converter 2, thereby has also determined the operating mode that the transducing idol part of power transducing end is paid.In sum, the present invention has three reversible ports; An information Control port 31 that continues with the standard information network can be controlled running status of the present invention in real time from this port 31, also can feed back to various operational factor of the present invention simultaneously in real time; A general electricity port: direct current supply net 4 (or) three-phase alternating current electrical network 5 and link of the present invention, this port can be imported electric energy by the running of power end drive machines to the present invention from power supply network 4 or 5, also can will be exported to power supply network from the electric energy that the power end conversion is come by the present invention; Also have one can be used for the power part of various universal or special machines mutually the power transducing end one transducing idol part of grafting pay 1, but its both consumed power outputting power drive machines running also can will convert electric energy and then input supply network to from the mechanical energy (or claiming merit) of machine by this port.

Operation principle of the present invention is: when its consumed power is worked as the Electric Traction state, pay the element of winding 1 11 feeds by bidirectional reversible converter 2 to transducing idol part from supply network 4 or 5, this bidirectional reversible converter 2 becomes all variable alternating current output of frequency, phase place and flow size to common industrial-frequency alternating current or the controlled modulation of direct current, take this to change frequency, phase place and the size of current numerical value of the feed current of the element of winding 11, thus change power end output speed, acceleration, turn to and output torque, stroke length.Promptly by Programmable Logic Controller 3 or far-end network equipment by information end 31, can make the present invention to output speed, turn to, acceleration, stroke and moment of torsion all realize accurate real-time digital control.And be in the contrary state of said process when it, promptly export electric energy and be in generating state when work, because the transducing of power port idol part is paid the active rotation motion of magnetic element 12 in 1, can the coil windings induction in the element of winding 11 generate electromotive force, this electromotive force is by the bidirectional reversible converter 2 controlled formation electric currents of drawing, convert direct current to and present back dc suppling network 4 through its inner rectification, also can convert three-phase alternating current to and present the stream three phase supply network 5 of backcrossing through another bidirectional reversible converter 21, these processes also be to send the command adapted thereto adjustment by Programmable Logic Controller 3, the action of control relevant apparatus is finished.The present invention is a kind of electric energy/mechanical energy conversion device with three reversible ports thus.

The present invention is for can be compatible as far as possible with existing various electromechanical equipments, so that apply, its each port all farthest selects for use the universal product on the market as structure member, especially the power port that integrates with legacy equipment, consider and use after the present invention, originally the many functions on the equipment all will be by information system management, and the hardware unit of bearing these functions in the original equipment has also just no longer needed, thereby the mechanical structure of equipment is simplified greatly.In fact; power transducing end is exactly that a pair of transducing idol part is paid; as long as attach it to the power position of original machine, and remove related system before the power section on the original machine (for example machine driven system, control and protection system etc.) automatically, just finished " grafting ".So just make this electromechanical equipment structure very succinct, the potential faults on the originally above-mentioned hardware also makes work more reliable and stable thereupon getting rid of.Because induction machine is most widely used general in the available dynamic equipment, so power transducing end of the present invention can with the grafting mutually of the motor standard of present use series, become the outward appearance form all almost completely identical referring to Fig. 2 with motor with mechanical structure, be aided with AC/DC bidirectional reversible converter and Programmable Logic Controller again, just can give the new function that this motor has electric energy/mechanical energy conversion.So select this design philosophy, be for when hardware device updates, can farthest keep tradition " legacy ".Certainly this also is a kind of makeshift, if can be integrated with machine, then all can more obviously take effect on equipment manufacturing cost, installation, maintenance and energy consumption.

The working mechanism that transducing critical component of the present invention---transducing idol part is paid two elements (element of winding 11 and magnetic element 12) of 1 is identical, one of them is as the electric energy translation interface, another is then as the translation interface of mechanical energy (merit), and both are reciprocal.Again because its structural group becomes extremely succinct, have only two critical pieces, one of them magnetic element is again to be the superconduction form, and therefore system consumption of the present invention is minimum, and has the unrivaled high-energy conversion efficiency of other transducing means (can reach more than 90% usually).Moreover general transducing devices just can reach its standard performance when only operating in rated condition, often differs very big during actual motion, and its efficiency curve is humping.And efficiency curve of the present invention is horizontal substantially, so it is again a kind of power-equipment with wide spectrum characteristic.

Referring to Fig. 2, this figure is the schematic diagram that transducing idol part is paid an embodiment of 1 formation electric machine structure among the present invention, the element of winding 11 here becomes the stator coil that is inlaid in the motor stator support 10, magnetic element 12 then be by several circular arc rare earth material permanent magnets insert the institute constitute, be installed in the outer rim of this machine shaft 13, constitute the rotor of motor.The rare earth material permanent magnet outside is with retaining ring 14, to strengthen the intensity of rotor, makes it to bear the active force of high speed rotating, and illustrated rotor magnetic pole 12 is four utmost points, also can become to constitute the magnetic pole of sextupole, the ends of the earth.The present invention also can constitute the element of winding 11 rotor of motors, and magnetic element 12 then as the magnetic pole of the stator of this motor, so just can be constituted the even part of transducing of the present invention and pays 1 another kind of version

Embodiment.

The present invention is as the base apparatus of electric energy/mechanical energy bi-directional conversion that has intelligence, can be easily directly grafting on various machineries or power-equipment, machine and power-equipment are integrally combined.As starting, can first grafting make the general motility parts of motor form and wheel formula on motor and the wheel.For example: the rotor of motor or the hub of wheel are arrived in element of winding grafting, the magnetic element grafting is online to the wheel of the stator of motor or wheel, again with this motor and existing electromechanical equipment of wheel transformation and vehicle through repacking, improvement in performance that will making a breakthrough property.For example, use the present invention and transform the Jetta car, its dynamical system is just driven by original single hot mechanomotive force and is transformed into the energy regeneration device that is made of hot machine and the present invention and unites and driven, its peak power output is brought up to 128 horsepowers by original 105 horsepowers, and all there are tangible improvement and raising fuel consumption per hundred kilometers, toxic emission and accelerating time.In the city, during low speed driving, can move with the zero discharge mode; And when highway travels, can have higher power performance than prototype vehicle, because the conduct simultaneously of energy regeneration device of the present invention and hot machine drives power, and after once refueling, the longer distance of travelling, handling capacity also makes moderate progress when travelling under mal-condition.Use the improved general energy car of the present invention,, also can move when in the city, travelling at a slow speed, can make the discharge capacity of general energy car in the city reduce half so at least with the zero discharge mode though can not reach the requirement of full zero discharge resemble the electric automobile.Importantly: this general energy car be to guide the spontaneous environmental protection obligation of fulfiling of people in the mode that improves its ratio of performance to price, and everything is as long as grafting three end transducers of the present invention just can have been accomplished on prototype vehicle, thereby makes environmental protection public good engineering become practical act.

Claims

1, a kind of three-terminal receiprocal electromechanical transducer, include: pay by the transducing idol part that an element of winding and magnetic element are formed, and the electronic-controlled installation that carries out real-time digital control, it is characterized in that: the element of winding in paying as the transducing idol part of this device power transducing end is the parts that are made of silicon sheet core and coil windings, the mold insert that magnetic element then is to use the terres rares magnetic material to make after magnetization, one of them is fixed in the element of winding and magnetic element in the relatively-stationary body, and another then is fixed in the relative movement part that is used for mechanical I/O energy; Be circumscribed with the AC/DC bidirectional reversible converter that is made of the high-power electric and electronic switch module on the element of winding that transducing idol part is paid, this bidirectional reversible converter is connected with the direct current power supply network, as the electric power master port of this device; Have and pay in real time the Programmable Logic Controller of controlling, also can be total with other equipment to this AC/DC bidirectional reversible converter and transducing idol part, this Programmable Logic Controller is provided with the communication interface of standard criterion, as the information Control end of this device;

2, three-terminal receiprocal electromechanical transducer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: as the part of power transducing end---relatively-stationary body is the stator of a band cylindrical cavity, and its another part---relative movement part is one and matches, is supported also relatively turnable rotor with cylindrical cavity in the stator.

3, three-terminal receiprocal electromechanical transducer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: as the part of power transducing end---relatively-stationary body is the linear motor stator on one one end band one plane, and its another part one relative movement part be one with stator corresponding, the linear rotor that can relatively move thereon.

4, three-terminal receiprocal electromechanical transducer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the element of winding is fixed in the cylindrical cavity inwall of stator, and magnetic element is fixed in the outer wall of rotor.

5, as claim 1 or 2 or 3 described three-terminal receiprocal electromechanical transducers, it is characterized in that: wherein the magnetic element paid of transducing idol part can be inserting of planar sheet, also can be inserting of strip and block or circular arc bulk.

6, as claim 1 or 2 or 3 described three-terminal receiprocal electromechanical transducers, it is characterized in that; Wherein AC/DC bidirectional reversible converter also can be connected with the three-phase alternating current supply network by another bidirectional reversible converter.