CN112234277A - Battery preheating method and device - Google Patents

Battery preheating method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112234277A
CN112234277A CN202010919124.5A CN202010919124A CN112234277A CN 112234277 A CN112234277 A CN 112234277A CN 202010919124 A CN202010919124 A CN 202010919124A CN 112234277 A CN112234277 A CN 112234277A
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China
Prior art keywords
battery
preheating
temperature
sine wave
charging
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CN202010919124.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
周国均
吕浩然
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Chongqing Yaxun Technology Co ltd
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Chongqing Yaxun Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202010919124.5A priority Critical patent/CN112234277A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615Heating or keeping warm
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63Control systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63Control systems
    • H01M10/637Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571Resistive heaters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The application provides a battery preheating method and device, which are used for preheating the inside and the outside of a battery and comprise the following steps: acquiring the temperature of the battery, wherein the temperature comprises the internal temperature of the battery and the external environment temperature of the battery; when the internal temperature of the battery is detected to be lower than a first preset threshold value, the internal temperature of the battery is preheated by controlling a charging module to charge the battery by using a first sine wave until the internal temperature of the battery reaches the first preset threshold value; when the external environment temperature of the battery is detected to be lower than a second preset threshold value, the second sine wave is used for controlling the heating carrier to discharge so as to realize external preheating of the battery until the external temperature of the battery reaches the second preset threshold value; the first sine wave and the second sine wave are sine wave signals with opposite phases. This application preheats battery inside and outside according to the demand, and real-time detection is up to preheating the end, not only effectively preheats the battery, utilizes sine wave accurate control to preheat, saves the electric energy under the circumstances of guaranteeing to preheat, has also satisfied automatic, the intelligent demand that the battery preheated.

Description

Battery preheating method and device
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to battery technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for preheating a battery.
Background
The battery is used as a source of electric energy, can be installed in various devices, provides stable voltage and stable current for the devices, and realizes stable power supply for a long time. Along with the development of science and technology, the structure of battery is more and more simple for convenient to carry, and charge-discharge operation simple accurate. A lithium ion battery is a secondary battery (rechargeable battery) that mainly operates by movement of lithium ions between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and is representative of modern high-performance batteries.
The service life of the lithium ion battery is seriously influenced by using the lithium ion battery in a low-temperature environment. At present, the lithium ion battery can not be charged at the ambient temperature below 0 ℃ or can not be rapidly charged at the ambient temperature of 0-10 ℃, otherwise, the lithium analysis phenomenon can occur, the battery is invalid, and even safety accidents are caused. During discharging, the lithium ion battery can not be discharged at the ambient temperature below-20 ℃, and large-current discharging at-20 to 0 ℃ is not recommended, otherwise, the performance of the battery is seriously attenuated.
Currently, when a lithium battery is charged and discharged at a low temperature, two ways are generally adopted for preheating as follows: firstly, preheating a battery by using an external heating mode, and charging the battery after the temperature of the battery rises; second, the battery generates heat by charging and discharging itself, and performs internal heating according to ohmic heat, faraday heat, and diffusion heat inside the battery. However, there is a need for an internal and external heating method to satisfy the problem of low preheating efficiency of lithium battery.
Content of application
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present application aims to provide a battery preheating method and apparatus, which is used to solve the problem of low preheating efficiency of lithium batteries in the prior art.
To achieve the above and other related objects, a first aspect of the present application provides a battery preheating method for preheating inside and outside of a battery, including:
acquiring the temperature of a battery, wherein the temperature comprises the internal temperature of the battery and the external environment temperature of the battery;
when the internal temperature of the battery is detected to be lower than a first preset threshold value, a first sine wave is used for controlling a charging module to charge the battery to realize internal preheating of the battery until the internal temperature of the battery reaches the first preset threshold value; when the external environment temperature of the battery is detected to be lower than a second preset threshold value, a second sine wave is used for controlling a heating carrier to discharge so as to realize external preheating of the battery until the external temperature of the battery reaches the second preset threshold value; wherein the first sine wave and the second sine wave are sine wave signals with opposite phases.
The second aspect of the present application provides a battery preheating device for preheating inside and outside of a battery, comprising:
the battery temperature acquisition module is used for acquiring the temperature of a battery, wherein the temperature comprises the internal temperature of the battery and the external environment temperature of the battery;
the internal and external preheating module is used for controlling the charging module to charge the battery by utilizing a first sine wave to realize internal preheating of the battery when the internal temperature of the battery is detected to be lower than a first preset threshold value until the internal temperature of the battery reaches the first preset threshold value; when the external environment temperature of the battery is detected to be lower than a second preset threshold value, a second sine wave is used for controlling a heating carrier to discharge so as to realize external preheating of the battery until the external temperature of the battery reaches the second preset threshold value; wherein the first sine wave and the second sine wave are sine wave signals with opposite phases.
As described above, the battery preheating method and apparatus of the present application have the following beneficial effects:
this application preheats battery inside and outside according to the demand, and real-time detection is up to preheating the end, not only effectively preheats the battery, utilizes sine wave accurate control to preheat, saves the electric energy under the circumstances of guaranteeing to preheat, has also satisfied automatic, the intelligent demand that the battery preheated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a battery preheating method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of a battery preheating device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a battery preheating system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a waveform generating unit in a battery preheating device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a power current generating unit in a battery preheating device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of an arbitrary waveform discharging module in a battery preheating device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application is provided by way of specific examples, and other advantages and effects of the present application will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein. The present application is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modifications and/or changes in various respects, all without departing from the spirit of the present application. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present application, and the drawings only show the components related to the present application and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, number and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
Referring to fig. 1, a flow chart of a battery preheating method according to an embodiment of the present application is provided, where the method for preheating the inside and the outside of a battery includes:
step S1, obtaining the temperature of the battery, wherein the temperature comprises the internal temperature of the battery and the external environment temperature of the battery;
the temperature sensor is used for monitoring and acquiring the temperature inside and outside the battery in real time, so that preheating control can be performed according to the monitored temperature.
Step S2, when the internal temperature of the battery is detected to be lower than a first preset threshold value, a first sine wave is used for controlling a charging module to charge the battery to realize internal preheating of the battery until the internal temperature of the battery reaches the first preset threshold value; when the external environment temperature of the battery is detected to be lower than a second preset threshold value, a second sine wave is used for controlling a heating carrier to discharge so as to realize external preheating of the battery until the external temperature of the battery reaches the second preset threshold value; wherein the first sine wave and the second sine wave are sine wave signals with opposite phases.
Specifically, the external environment temperature of the current position is acquired through a temperature sensor or through modes such as internet weather temperature inquiry and the like, and when the external environment temperature is lower than a second preset threshold value, the second sine wave is utilized to control the heating carrier to discharge so as to realize external preheating of the battery. Obtain the inside dimension of battery through temperature sensor, detect when the inside temperature of battery is less than first preset threshold value, utilize to consider first sine wave control charging module and realize the inside preheating of battery to battery charging, the inside heat production of charging of each half cycle control battery of battery charge-discharge and outside discharge heat production are in order to realize the inside and outside preheating of battery.
In this embodiment to preheat the battery as required, and can continuously detect the environment of preheating until preheating the end, not only can realize the validity of preheating the battery, can also adjust according to the temperature in preheating zone, save the electric energy under the condition of guaranteeing to preheat, also satisfied automation, the intelligent demand that the battery preheated.
The charging module is in any waveform, the discharging module is in any waveform, the internal preheating, the external preheating and the battery charging are integrated, namely, an additional heating device is not needed, the battery to be preheated is used as a power supply to be discharged, and the outside of the battery is preheated; an external power supply can be connected through a power line of a charging module in the host machine to charge and preheat the interior of the battery.
In the embodiment, the internal and external heating of the battery to be preheated is realized by charging and discharging, and the battery can reach the chargeable requirement index rapidly, so that the lithium separation phenomenon can not occur when the battery is charged, and meanwhile, the battery to be charged is placed into the device without an additional heating device, so that the structure of the preheating device is simplified, and the efficiency is improved.
Specifically, the battery can be packaged by adopting a heat insulation material so as to slow down the dissipation speed of the heat outside the battery and save electric energy.
Referring to fig. 2, a block diagram of a battery preheating device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is provided, where the preheating device is used for preheating the inside and the outside of a battery, and includes:
the battery temperature acquisition module is used for acquiring the temperature of a battery, wherein the temperature comprises the internal temperature of the battery and the external environment temperature of the battery;
the internal and external preheating module 2 is used for controlling the charging module to charge the battery by utilizing a first sine wave to realize internal preheating of the battery when the internal temperature of the battery is detected to be lower than a first preset threshold value until the internal temperature of the battery reaches the first preset threshold value; when the external environment temperature of the battery is detected to be lower than a second preset threshold value, a second sine wave is used for controlling a heating carrier to discharge so as to realize external preheating of the battery until the external temperature of the battery reaches the second preset threshold value; wherein the first sine wave and the second sine wave are sine wave signals with opposite phases.
With specific reference to fig. 3, a structural block diagram of a battery preheating system provided in the embodiment of the present application includes:
here, the host includes: the temperature detection module adopts a TC1047A temperature detection module; the display module adopts an OLED display module with the model number of SSD122Z 2; the control module adopts a 32-bit singlechip, and the model of the singlechip is STM32F 103; the communication module is a CAN communication module, and the model number of the communication module is CTM 1050.
After the preheating is finished, a user can be prompted to finish preheating the battery through a voice prompt, a luminous prompt, a vibration prompt and the like; so as to meet the automatic and intelligent requirements of users for charging and discharging.
The charging module comprises a waveform generating unit and a power current generating unit, digital signals are converted into analog quantity waveform signals through RC filtering, the analog quantity waveform signals are followed by an operational amplifier, and the analog quantity waveform signals are controlled to be divided into charging waveforms and discharging waveforms through an analog switch gating chip; the power current generation unit outputs a constant voltage charging value of the battery based on the buck topological structure, wherein the battery is charged in the upper half period of the sine wave and is charged in the lower half period of the sine wave.
For waveforms such as pulse charging and discharging or triangular waves, the sine wave is adopted for control, other harmonic components are not contained, heating can be accurately controlled, and therefore preheating precision and efficiency are improved.
In some embodiments, the communication module uses a one wire interface circuit, the model of which is DS2480, to convert the serial port into a one wire communication bus.
In this embodiment, carry out temperature detection to the target battery, when needing to preheat, start sine wave charge-discharge process, the half cycle of discharging carries out external heating with heating carrier, and the charge-discharge process is combined together by the inside heat production of battery and external heating, does not increase the required power of internal heating or equipment simultaneously. When the single-frequency sine wave is used for charging and discharging, the interior of the battery is in a quasi-stable state, and waveforms such as pulse charging and discharging or triangular wave contain various harmonic components, so that accurate selection of heat-generating components cannot be realized, and lithium separation control of the lithium ion battery in the preheating process is not favorable. The preheating system and the charging system of the battery are integrated, the charging system does not need to be independently arranged, and the preheating system is simple in structure and convenient to carry and use.
The system consists of a host and a battery preheating charging container module, wherein the single host is an independent battery charging functional block and is connected with the battery preheating charging container through a power and communication line to form a complete internal and external comprehensive battery low-temperature preheating and normal charging system.
Referring to fig. 4, the waveform generating unit is configured to generate a charging waveform and a discharging waveform according to a control signal, and specifically includes:
waveform frequency is controlled by a timer through a DA pin by the single chip microcomputer STM32F103, analog waveforms with certain frequency are output, analog signals of preset waveforms are obtained through RC filtering formed by R1C1, the signals are followed through an operational amplifier U2 LM324, loading capacity of the signals is improved, R3 is a pull-down resistor, a control waveform CTRL _ WAVE port is limited to zero potential when no signal exists, and the control waveforms are divided into charging waveforms and discharging waveforms through a MAX308 analog switch gating chip.
The RC filter filters a waveform with a certain frequency according to the filter bandwidth of the RC filter, so that an analog signal with a preset waveform is obtained, and an interference signal in the analog signal is filtered.
It should be noted that the amplifier follower has the characteristics of high input impedance and low output impedance, and generally speaking, the input impedance can reach several mega ohms, and the output impedance is low, usually only a few ohms, or even lower. In the circuit, the voltage follower is generally used as a buffer stage (buffer) and an isolation stage. Because the output impedance of a voltage amplifier is generally high, usually from several kilohms to several tens of kilohms, if the input impedance of a subsequent stage is relatively low, a considerable portion of the signal is lost in the output resistance of a preceding stage. At this time, a voltage follower is required for buffering. Play the role of starting and stopping. The voltage follower can also improve the input impedance and greatly reduce the size of the input capacitor.
It should be noted that, when there is no input signal, the pull-down resistor makes the control electrode in a stable level state, so as to ensure the MOS transistor to be cut off; meanwhile, in order to determine the level state, interference and errors are reduced.
It should be noted that the analog switch performs a signal switching function in the signal link. And the signal link is switched off or on by adopting a switching mode of an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube.
It should be noted that, the power current generating unit, specifically shown in fig. 5, is a circuit diagram of the power current generating unit in the battery preheating device according to the embodiment of the present application; a BUCK topological structure is adopted, the output voltage is a constant voltage charging value of a set battery, and the charging current changes along with the control waveform and the frequency. U3 is synchronous BUCK control chip LT3840, and VIN is the input power, and this system adopts 32VDC, Q2Q 3 and L2 constitution BUCK circuit (step-down converter circuit)'s switch tube and energy storage inductance, and R8 is the current sampling resistance, and VOUT is the output charging voltage, and the proportion of R9 and R10 decides output voltage, and the lower graph resistance corresponds to output voltage and is 3.3V. D1 in order to prevent the battery current from flowing backward to BUCK circuit, the charging current to the battery is controlled by CTRL _ WAVE waveform, the invention adopts sine WAVE charging current, the frequency is 1K. The charging part provides the upper half cycle of the sine wave, and the lower half cycle of the sine wave provides the discharging part.
Here, the battery preheating DISCHARGE vessel includes an arbitrary waveform DISCHARGE module, as shown in fig. 6, wherein the arbitrary waveform DISCHARGE module includes a DISCHARGE main circuit formed by a resistor R11, a MOS transistor Q4, and a resistor R16, the resistor R11 is a power resistor, the MOS transistor Q4 controls the magnitude of DISCHARGE current for an on angle, the resistor R16 is a sampling resistor, the DISCHARGE heating unit performs constant current DISCHARGE by a DISCHARGE _ WAVE control waveform to complete internal heating type preheating, and energy is used for heating the outside of the battery through the resistor R11 and the MOS transistor Q4.
By the examples, the sampling current is fed back by using a sampling resistor R16, the amplifying circuit comprises an amplifier U5, a resistor R15, a resistor R18, a resistor R19 and a capacitor C6, the sampling current is amplified by using the amplifying circuit, wherein the amplification factor is determined by the ratio of the resistor R19 to the resistor R18 in the amplifying circuit, the amplified sampling current is processed by a comparing circuit, the comparing circuit comprises a comparator U6, a resistor R17, a resistor R14, a resistor R12 and a resistor R20, the amplified sampling current is compared with a DISCHARGE waveform of DISCHARGE _ WAVE, when the DISCHARGE waveform of DISCHARGE _ WAVE is larger than the amplified sampling current, a high level is output, and the MOS tube Q4 is cut off; when the DISCHARGE _ WAVE DISCHARGE waveform is larger than the amplified sampling current, a low level is output, and the resistor R13 is used for controlling the MOS tube Q4 so as to adjust the DISCHARGE current.
To sum up, this application preheats inside and the outside of battery according to the demand, and real-time detection is up to preheating the end, not only effectively preheats the battery, utilizes sine wave accurate control to preheat, saves the electric energy under the circumstances of guaranteeing to preheat, has also satisfied automatic, the intelligent demand that the battery preheated. Therefore, the application effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present application and are not intended to limit the application. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concepts disclosed in the present application shall be covered by the claims of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A battery preheating method for preheating inside and outside of a battery, comprising:
acquiring the temperature of a battery, wherein the temperature comprises the internal temperature of the battery and the external environment temperature of the battery;
when the internal temperature of the battery is detected to be lower than a first preset threshold value, a first sine wave is used for controlling a charging module to charge the battery to realize internal preheating of the battery until the internal temperature of the battery reaches the first preset threshold value; when the external environment temperature of the battery is detected to be lower than a second preset threshold value, a second sine wave is used for controlling a heating carrier to discharge so as to realize external preheating of the battery until the external temperature of the battery reaches the second preset threshold value; wherein the first sine wave and the second sine wave are sine wave signals with opposite phases.
2. The method for preheating the battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery charging and discharging controls the heat generated by internal charging and the heat generated by external discharging of the battery in each half cycle to realize the preheating inside and outside the battery.
3. The battery preheating method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the charging module has an arbitrary waveform, and the discharging module has an arbitrary waveform.
4. The battery warm-up method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the internal warm-up is integrated with the external warm-up and battery charging.
5. A battery preheating device, characterized in that, for preheating the inside and outside of a battery, it comprises:
the battery temperature acquisition module is used for acquiring the temperature of a battery, wherein the temperature comprises the internal temperature of the battery and the external environment temperature of the battery;
the internal and external preheating module is used for controlling the charging module to charge the battery by utilizing a first sine wave to realize internal preheating of the battery when the internal temperature of the battery is detected to be lower than a first preset threshold value until the internal temperature of the battery reaches the first preset threshold value; when the external environment temperature of the battery is detected to be lower than a second preset threshold value, a second sine wave is used for controlling a heating carrier to discharge so as to realize external preheating of the battery until the external temperature of the battery reaches the second preset threshold value; wherein the first sine wave and the second sine wave are sine wave signals with opposite phases.
6. The device for preheating the battery according to claim 5, wherein each half cycle of charging and discharging the battery controls heat generated by internal charging and heat generated by external discharging of the battery to realize preheating inside and outside the battery.
7. The battery preheating device according to claim 5, wherein the internal and external preheating modules include an arbitrary waveform charging module for preheating the internal temperature of the battery, and the arbitrary waveform charging module is used for generating preheating type sine wave constant current charging and constant current and then constant voltage charging in the normal charging stage.
8. The battery preheating device according to claim 7, wherein the arbitrary waveform charging module comprises a control waveform generating unit and a power current generating unit, the control waveform generating unit converts a digital signal into an analog waveform signal through RC filtering, follows the analog waveform signal through an operational amplifier, and controls the analog waveform signal to be divided into a charging waveform and a discharging waveform through an analog switch gating chip; the power current generation unit outputs a constant voltage charging value of the battery based on the buck topological structure, wherein the battery is charged in the upper half period of the sine wave and is charged in the lower half period of the sine wave.
9. The battery preheating device according to claim 5, wherein the internal and external preheating modules comprise an arbitrary waveform discharging module for preheating the external temperature of the battery, and the arbitrary waveform discharging module controls constant current discharge of the battery with a discharging waveform for heating the battery to realize external preheating.
10. The battery preheating apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the battery charging is integrated with an arbitrary waveform charging module and an arbitrary waveform discharging module among the internal and external preheating modules.
CN202010919124.5A 2020-09-04 2020-09-04 Battery preheating method and device Pending CN112234277A (en)

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CN113206325B (en) * 2021-04-30 2022-05-03 重庆长安新能源汽车科技有限公司 Power battery internal and external combined heating method

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Application publication date: 20210115

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