CN112234221A - Thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer - Google Patents
Thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112234221A CN112234221A CN202011103597.4A CN202011103597A CN112234221A CN 112234221 A CN112234221 A CN 112234221A CN 202011103597 A CN202011103597 A CN 202011103597A CN 112234221 A CN112234221 A CN 112234221A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
- H01M6/36—Deferred-action cells containing electrolyte and made operational by physical means, e.g. thermal cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
- H01M6/5038—Heating or cooling of cells or batteries
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Abstract
The scheme discloses a thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer in the technical field of thermal batteries; the high-heat-conduction battery comprises a shell, a high-heat-conduction layer and a battery stack, wherein the shell comprises an inner shell, an outer shell and battery covers, the two ends of the inner shell and the two ends of the outer shell are respectively connected in a sealing way through the battery covers, and one battery cover is provided with a polar pole for connecting the positive pole and the negative pole of the battery stack; the high heat conduction layer wraps the inner shell and is positioned between the inner shell and the cell stack, and the cell stack wraps the high heat conduction layer and is positioned between the outer shell and the high heat conduction layer; the battery stack comprises a plurality of single batteries which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and each single battery comprises a current collecting piece, a positive electrode, a diaphragm and a negative electrode which are sequentially contacted from top to bottom. The thermal battery does not need to be provided with a heating plate, so that the energy density and the power density of the thermal battery are obviously improved; the pole mainly plays a role in outputting electric energy of the thermal battery to electric equipment, only comprises a positive pole and a negative pole, and does not contain an activation loop pole of a conventional thermal battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal batteries, and particularly relates to a thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer.
Background
The thermal battery is a heat activated reserve battery, the electrolyte is non-conductive solid when stored at normal temperature, and when in use, the heating agent in the thermal battery is ignited by an electric ignition head or a firing pin mechanism, so that the electrolyte is melted into an ionic conductor to be activated. The thermal battery has small internal resistance, wide use temperature range, long storage time, quick and reliable activation and no need of maintenance, so the thermal battery has developed into an ideal power system of various equipment such as missiles, nuclear weapons, artillery and the like.
Currently, equipment is moving toward light weight and miniaturization, and further, higher power density and energy density are required for a thermal battery. Due to the high temperature operation of the thermal battery, the conventional thermal battery is designed such that each cell is provided with a heat plate above and below the cell to supply heat required for melting the electrolyte. Therefore, in the thermopile, the weight of the heating sheet occupies a proportion of 30% to 40%, and the energy density and the power density of the thermal battery are greatly reduced. Meanwhile, with the development of equipment, higher requirements are provided for the flight time and the speed of the equipment, more heat is generated to be discharged, and how to reasonably utilize the waste heat of the equipment and convert the waste heat into electric energy required by the equipment is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer, so as to improve the energy density and the power density of the thermal battery and fully utilize the waste heat of equipment.
The thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer comprises a shell, a high heat conduction layer and a battery stack, wherein the shell comprises an inner shell, an outer shell and a battery cover, the two ends of the inner shell and the two ends of the outer shell are respectively connected in a sealing mode through the battery cover, and one battery cover is provided with a polar post for connecting the positive pole and the negative pole of the battery stack; the high heat conduction layer wraps the inner shell and is positioned between the inner shell and the cell stack, and the cell stack wraps the high heat conduction layer and is positioned between the outer shell and the high heat conduction layer; the battery stack comprises a plurality of single batteries which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and each single battery comprises a current collecting piece, a positive electrode, a diaphragm and a negative electrode which are sequentially contacted from top to bottom.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the scheme are as follows: the thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer, which is composed of the shell, the high heat conduction layer and the battery stack, is a cylinder with a hole in the middle. When the battery works, external heat is quickly transferred to the battery stack through the high heat conduction layer tightly attached to the inner shell, the electrolyte in the diaphragm of the battery stack is gradually heated to be higher than a melting point, and the battery is activated to start external power supply; the thermal battery in the scheme does not need to be provided with a heating plate, so that the energy density and the power density of the thermal battery are obviously improved; the pole mainly plays a role in outputting electric energy of the thermal battery to electric equipment, only comprises a positive pole and a negative pole, and does not contain an activation loop pole of a conventional thermal battery.
The thermal battery in this scheme can be equipped the used heat rational utilization that the flight in-process produced, with inside used heat transfer to the thermal battery, for the thermal battery provides the required temperature condition of work, the thermal battery can be with electric energy transmission to servo, steering engine system, control system or other instruments and meters etc. of equipment, has realized equipping effective utilization of used heat.
Further, a heat insulation layer is arranged between the shell and the cell stack. Through the arrangement of the heat-insulating layer, the heat loss of the thermal battery can be reduced to the maximum extent.
Further, the thermal conductivity of the high thermal conductive layer is more than 200W/(m.K). The thermal conductivity of the high thermal conductive layer is more than 200W/(m.K). The heat can be conducted quickly; the thermal battery can be operated more quickly.
Further, the high heat conduction layer is one or more of SiC ceramic, Si3N4 ceramic, BeO ceramic, AlN ceramic and BN ceramic. The SiC ceramic, the Si3N4 ceramic, the BeO ceramic, the AlN ceramic, the BN ceramic and the combination thereof have higher thermal conductivity, and are beneficial to the rapid conduction of heat; the thermal battery can be operated more quickly.
Further, the diaphragm is composed of a molten salt electrolyte and an adsorbent, and the mass ratio of the electrolyte to the adsorbent is 70: 30-50: 50. The fused salt electrolyte has higher conductivity, can realize heavy current output and meet the electricity demand of equipment; meanwhile, the power density and the energy density of the thermal battery are greatly improved.
Further, the molten salt electrolyte is one or more of LiBr-KBr-CsBr, LiCl-KCl-CsCl and LiBr-CsCl. LiBr-KBr-CsBr, LiCl-KCl-CsCl and LiBr-CsCl have high conductivity, so that high current output can be realized, and the electricity utilization requirements of equipment are met; meanwhile, the power density and the energy density of the thermal battery are greatly improved.
Further, the adsorbent is MgO or Al2O3. MgO or Al2O3The thermal battery can be used in combination with molten salt electrolyte, so that the performance of the thermal battery can be greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of 1/2 cross-sectional structure of a thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cloud of temperature profiles of a thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer activated by external heat in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a cloud diagram of the temperature distribution of a battery stack after a thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer is activated by external heat in embodiment 1 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a current collecting sheet 1, a positive electrode 2, a diaphragm 3, a negative electrode 4, a high heat conduction layer 5, an inner shell 6, a heat insulation layer 7, a pole 8, an outer shell 9 and a battery cover 10.
Example 1 is substantially as shown in figures 1-2: a thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer comprises a shell, a high heat conduction layer 5 and a battery stack, wherein the shell comprises an inner shell 6, an outer shell 9 and a battery cover 10, two ends of the inner shell 6 and the outer shell 9 are respectively connected in a sealing mode through the battery cover 10, and one battery cover 10 is provided with a pole 8; the pole 8 is connected with the anode and the cathode 4 of the battery stack through a lead-out sheet; the high heat conduction layer 5 wraps the inner shell 6 and is positioned between the inner shell 6 and the cell stack, and the cell stack wraps the high heat conduction layer 5 and is positioned between the outer shell 9 and the high heat conduction layer 5; a heat-insulating layer 7 is arranged between the shell 9 and the cell stack; the battery stack is composed of a plurality of monomers which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and each monomer battery comprises a current collecting sheet 1, an anode 2, a diaphragm 3 and a cathode 4 which are sequentially contacted from top to bottom; the high heat conduction layer 5 is made of Si3N4 ceramic; the diaphragm 3 consists of a molten salt electrolyte and an adsorbent; the molten salt electrolyte is LiBr-KBr-CsBr.
Example 2 differs from example 1 only in that: the high heat conduction layer 5 is made of SiC ceramic; the diaphragm 3 consists of a molten salt electrolyte and an adsorbent; the molten salt electrolyte is LiCl-KCl-CsCl, the adsorbent is magnesium oxide, and the mass ratio of the molten salt electrolyte to the adsorbent is 7: 3.
Example 3 differs from example 1 only in that: the high heat conduction layer 5 is BeO ceramic; the diaphragm 3 consists of a molten salt electrolyte and an adsorbent; the molten salt electrolyte is LiBr-CsCl, the adsorbent is magnesium oxide, and the mass ratio of the molten salt electrolyte to the adsorbent is 1: 1.
example 4 differs from example 1 only in that: the high heat conduction layer 5 is AlN ceramic; the diaphragm 3 consists of a molten salt electrolyte and an adsorbent; the molten salt electrolyte is a mixture of LiBr-KBr-CsBr and LiCl-KCl-CsCl, the adsorbent is magnesium oxide, and the mass ratio of the molten salt electrolyte to the adsorbent is 7: 5.
example 5 differs from example 1 only in that: the high heat conduction layer 5 is BN ceramic; the diaphragm 3 consists of a molten salt electrolyte and an adsorbent; the molten salt electrolyte is a mixture of LiCl-KCl-CsCl and LiBr-CsCl, the adsorbent is alumina, and the mass ratio of the molten salt electrolyte to the adsorbent is 1: 1.
example 6 differs from example 1 only in that: the high heat conduction layer 5 is BN ceramic; the diaphragm 3 consists of a molten salt electrolyte and an adsorbent; the molten salt electrolyte is a mixture of LiBr-KBr-CsBr, LiCl-KCl-CsCl and LiBr-CsCl, the adsorbent is alumina, and the mass ratio of the molten salt electrolyte to the adsorbent is 6: 4.
Example 7 differs from example 6 only in that: the high thermal conductive layer 5 further includes SiC ceramic.
The thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer in example 1 had an outer diameter size of 118mm, an inner diameter size of 60mm, and a battery height of 150 mm. The inner shell 6, the outer shell 9 and the battery cover 10 of the battery are all made of stainless steel, the thicknesses of the inner shell 6 and the outer shell 9 are 1mm, the high heat conduction layer 5 is made of Si3N4 ceramic, the thickness is 6mm, and the heat conduction coefficient is 400W/(m.K). FeS2 is adopted as the anode 2 in the cell stack, and the diaphragm 3 consists of LiBr-KBr-CsBr and adsorbent magnesium oxide in a mass ratio of 6: 4. When the battery is used, the middle part of the battery is set to be constant temperature of 500 ℃ for simulating the use environment of equipment for supplying heat, and the heat is intensively transferred to the battery stack through the high heat conduction layer 5, so that the electrolyte starts to supply power to the outside after being melted. Through finite element calculation, temperature distribution cloud charts of the unit thermal battery and the cell stack are respectively shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4 when the heat is continuously supplied for 100s, and it can be seen from the diagrams that the temperature of the cell stack is wholly increased to be close to 500 ℃, so that the working temperature requirement of the thermal battery is met.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures and features of the embodiments is not described herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer, comprising: the high-heat-conduction battery comprises a shell, a high-heat-conduction layer and a battery stack, wherein the shell comprises an inner shell, an outer shell and battery covers, the two ends of the inner shell and the two ends of the outer shell are respectively connected in a sealing way through the battery covers, and one battery cover is provided with a polar pole for connecting the positive pole and the negative pole of the battery stack; the high heat conduction layer wraps the inner shell and is positioned between the inner shell and the cell stack, and the cell stack wraps the high heat conduction layer and is positioned between the outer shell and the high heat conduction layer; the battery stack comprises a plurality of single batteries which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and each single battery comprises a current collecting piece, a positive electrode, a diaphragm and a negative electrode which are sequentially contacted from top to bottom.
2. The thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer as set forth in claim 1, wherein: and a heat insulation layer is arranged between the shell and the cell stack.
3. A thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the thermal conductivity of the high thermal conductive layer is more than 200W/(m.K).
4. A thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer according to claim 3, wherein: the high heat conduction layer is one or more of SiC ceramic, Si3N4 ceramic, BeO ceramic, AlN ceramic and BN ceramic.
5. The thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer according to claim 4, wherein: the diaphragm is composed of a molten salt electrolyte and an adsorbent, and the mass ratio of the electrolyte to the adsorbent is 70: 30-50: 50.
6. The thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer according to claim 5, wherein: the molten salt electrolyte is one or more of LiBr-KBr-CsBr, LiCl-KCl-CsCl and LiBr-CsCl.
7. The thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer according to claim 6, wherein: the adsorbent is MgO or Al2O3。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011103597.4A CN112234221A (en) | 2020-10-15 | 2020-10-15 | Thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011103597.4A CN112234221A (en) | 2020-10-15 | 2020-10-15 | Thermal battery based on enhanced heat transfer |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113322115A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-31 | 贵州梅岭电源有限公司 | Thermal battery composite ignition paper and preparation method thereof |
| CN114300808A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | Diaphragm and battery comprising same |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108963291A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-12-07 | 贵州梅岭电源有限公司 | A kind of electrode system and the independent slim thermal cell of heating system |
| CN110544809A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-06 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | Thermal battery composite heat-insulating structure and application thereof in preparation of thermal battery |
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2020
- 2020-10-15 CN CN202011103597.4A patent/CN112234221A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108963291A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-12-07 | 贵州梅岭电源有限公司 | A kind of electrode system and the independent slim thermal cell of heating system |
| CN110544809A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-06 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | Thermal battery composite heat-insulating structure and application thereof in preparation of thermal battery |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113322115A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-31 | 贵州梅岭电源有限公司 | Thermal battery composite ignition paper and preparation method thereof |
| CN114300808A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | Diaphragm and battery comprising same |
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