CN112230490A - Vortex optical coding all-optical logic gate based on binary phase shift keying and implementation method thereof - Google Patents
Vortex optical coding all-optical logic gate based on binary phase shift keying and implementation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a vortex optical coding all-optical logic gate based on binary phase shift keying and an implementation method thereof. The method is characterized in that: the vortex optical coding all-optical logic gate structure based on binary phase shift keying comprises a substrate 1, a nano metal film 2, an annular nano groove 2-1 and an output port 3. The output port 3 is located at the center of the annular nano-groove 2-1. The specific implementation method is that two beams of orthogonal vortex light are input from the lower surface of the substrate 1 to be used as input signals, and the '1' and '0' of the input logic state are defined by regulating and controlling the phase shift of the input signals. Vortex rotation excites surface plasma (SPP) in annular nano-groove 2-1S) The SPPs are transported along the surface of the nanometal film 2 and converged at the output port 3. Different SPPs intensity values at the output port 3 are defined as different output logic states, respectively. The seven basic logic gate functions can be realized on a single structure by adjusting the relative phase difference of the input signals.
Description
(I) technical field
The invention relates to the fields of all-optical computation and all-optical information processing, in particular to a method for manufacturing a high-integration all-optical logic device.
(II) background of the invention
In the big data era, the requirement of large-capacity data transmission can be met only by realizing ultrahigh-speed network data exchange and information processing. However, the conventional electrical information processing apparatus has reached a speed bottleneck due to the limitation of electrical response time, and all-optical information processing is an effective method for solving this bottleneck problem, and is considered as a strong candidate for next-generation information processing technology. An all-optical logic gate is a key component for realizing all-optical information processing, and is a leading-edge hotspot widely researched in recent years [ Journal of optics 47.3(2018): 365-
Vortex beam is a new type of light field that has attracted much attention in recent years. Because vortex lights with different topological charges are orthogonal to each other, the vortex lights can realize high-dimensional information coding and high-dimensional parallel information transmission in classical and quantum physics, and the calculation speed and the communication capacity can be greatly improved. This makes it widely believed that vortex rotation will certainly play a crucial role in the next generation of all-optical information processing. To date, a great deal of research has been carried out on the development of vortex beam-based information processing techniques, including the development of integrated vortex light generators [ Science 338.6105(2012): 363-; natural Communications 5.1(2014): 4856 ] and Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) multiplexing for high-capacity data transmission [ Natural Photonics 6.7(2012): 488-496; 1545-1548 in Science 340.6140 (2013); natural Communications 5.1(2014):1-9 ] and demultiplexing technologies [ Physics Review Letters 120.19 (2018):193904 ], and the like. Therefore, the all-optical logic gate for developing vortex beam coding has great research value and is expected to play an important application in all-optical information processing and all-optical calculation based on vortex rotation in the future.
However, most of the studies reported so far are not concerned with all-optical logic gates for vortex optically-encoded data, such as the documents [ Nano Letters 12.11(2012): 5784-; natural Communications 2 (2011: 387); nano Letters 11.2(2010) 471-475; nanoscale 5.12 (2013): 5442-5449; the all-optical logic gates reported in Optics Express 23.25(2015): 31755-. Although a few vortex optically encoded all-optical logic gates have been reported [ Nanomaterials 9.12(2019): 1649; journal of the Optical Society of America B24.9 (2007): 2517-2520; quantum Information Processing 18.8(2019):256 ], but all have certain drawbacks. For example, in the literature [ Journal of Optical Society of America B24.9 (2007): 2517-; quantum Information Processing 18.8(2019):256 ] in the all-optical logical NOT gate for vortex light coding implemented by using the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, some large-volume spatial optical elements (such as a reflector, a dove prism and a pentaprism) are indispensable elements and are not beneficial to the integration of equipment. To meet the requirement of device integration, a paper [ Nanomaterials 9.12(2019):1649 ] proposes an all-optical logic gate for realizing vortex optical coding by using a plasma nano antenna with a ring-shaped groove structure, but the logic gate proposed by the paper still has several defects, including: 1. the logic gate cannot realize XOR logic operation; 2. in order to realize different logic gates, the vortex state and the polarization state of an input signal need to be changed, which is not beneficial to the simplification of a logic device; 3. in the OR, AND, NOR AND NAND logic gates, the output intensities corresponding to the same output logic state in different input logic states are not consistent, which is not favorable for the cascade design in practical application; 4. the intensity contrast between the XNOR logic gate output logic states "1" and "0" is only 2: 1, weak anti-interference ability.
On the background, the invention provides an easy-to-integrate vortex optical coding all-optical logic gate based on binary phase shift keying and an implementation method thereof. The logic gate provided by the invention is different from the logic gate provided by the paper [ Nanomaterials 9.12(2019):1649 ] in nature, firstly, the coding modes are different, the logic gate provided by the invention utilizes phase shift keying to code the input logic state, and the logic gate provided by the paper [ Nanomaterials 9.12(2019):1649 ] utilizes polarization shift keying (switching of different circular polarization states) to code the input logic state; secondly, the performance of the logic gates is different, and the logic gate provided by the invention is comprehensively superior to the logic gate provided by the paper [ Nanomaterials 9.12(2019):1649 ]. In performance, firstly, the logic gate provided by the invention is a universal logic gate, AND seven basic logic gates of OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR AND XNOR can be realized on a single structure; secondly, in the logic gate realized by the invention, the intensity contrast ratio between the output logic states '1' and '0' in the OR gate, the NOT gate, the NAND gate and the XNOR gate is theoretically infinite, and the intensity contrast ratio between the output logic states '1' and '0' in the AND gate, the NOR gate and the XOR gate is 4:1, so that the logic gate has better anti-interference capability; in addition, the output intensity corresponding to the same output logic state under different input logic states in any logic gate provided by the invention is consistent, which is beneficial to the cascade design in practical application. The logic gate provided by the invention has very important application value in future all-optical calculation and all-optical information processing based on vortex rotation.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to provide a vortex optical coding all-optical logic gate based on binary phase shift keying and an implementation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the vortex optical coding all-optical logic gate based on binary phase shift keying comprises input Signal light signals 1 and 2, a substrate 1, a nano metal film 2, an annular nano groove 2-1 and an output port 3. Input Signal lights Signal 1 and Signal 2 are vertically incident from the lower surface of the substrate 1, and input logic states "1" and "0" of the input signals are encoded by phase shift keying. The input signals Signal 1 and Signal 2 are mutually orthogonal eddy optical rotation. The nano metal film 2 on the substrate 1 can be gold or silver. After the incident signal light passes through the substrate 1, SPPs are generated at the annular nanometer groove 2-1 on the nanometer metal film 2, and the SPPs form spatial distribution on the upper surface of the nanometer metal film 2. The output port 3 is positioned at the center of the annular nanometer groove 2-1, the SPPs strength at the output port 3 defines an output logic state, and the output logic state can be directly measured by using a nanometer probe.
Preferably, the present invention selects-1 st order x-polarization vortex rotation and-1 st order y-polarization vortex rotation as the input signals Signal 1 and Signal 2. The two beams of input vortex optical rotations excite SPPs at the annular nanometer groove 2-1, and the SPPs are transmitted along the surface of the nanometer metal film 2 and are converged at the output port 3. The electric field distribution of SPPs excited by the input signals Signal 1 and Signal 2 on the upper surface of the nano metal film satisfies the following equation:
wherein,is a z-axis unit vector, E0Is a constant, k, related to the coupling efficiency between incident light and SPPsrIs the wave vector, k, of the SPPs propagating in the nano-metal filmzIs the component of the wave vector of SPPs in the z-axis. Thus, the total SPPs at the upper surface of the nanometal film is
Where α and β represent initial phase factors of the input signals Signal 1 and Signal 2, respectively, A, B is a binary variable with a value of 0 or 1 for implementing phase shift keying coding of the input logic state, and represents the input logic state "1" of the input signals Signal 1 and Signal 2 when A, B is 1, and represents the input logic state "0" of the input signals Signal 1 and Signal 2 when A, B is 0, and γ represents the relative phase shift between the input logic states "1" and "0". The electric field strength S of SPPs output at the output port 3 satisfies:
S=F(αeiAγ-iβe-iBγ). (3)
wherein,when the input logic states (A, B) are (0,0), (0,1), (1,0), (1,1), respectively, the SPPs intensities of the output port 3 are | F2|α-iβ|2、|F|2|α-iβe-iγ|2、|F|2|αeiγ-iβ|2、 |F|2|αei γ-iβe-iγ|2. For an ideal logic gate, the invention defines the output port SPPs represents an output logic state "0" when the intensity is 0; the output logic state "1" is represented when the SPPs intensity at output port 3 is not 0. For non-ideal logic gates, the present invention defines that a smaller value of the SPPs intensity at output port 3 represents an output logic state "0", and a larger value of the SPPs intensity at output port 3 represents an output logic state "1". By varying the values of α, β, γ, seven logic gate functions are possible. When α ═ 1, β ═ i, γ ═ 2 π/3, an OR gate is implemented; when alpha is 1, beta is ie4πi/3When gamma is 2 pi/3, an AND logic gate is realized; when alpha is 1, beta is ie2πi/3When gamma is 2 pi/3, a not logic gate is realized; when alpha is 1, beta is ie4πi/3When gamma is 2 pi/3, the NAND logic gate is realized; when α ═ 1, β ═ i, γ ═ 2 π/3; implementing a NOR logic gate; when alpha is 1, beta is ie2πi/3When gamma is 2 pi/3, the NAND logic gate is realized; when alpha is 1, beta is ie2πi/3And when gamma is 2 pi/3, an exclusive-nor logic gate is realized. In the above implementation scheme, the contrast between the output logic states "1" and "0" in the or gate, the not gate, the nand gate and the nor gate is theoretically infinite, and the contrast between the output logic states "1" and "0" in the and gate, the nor gate and the xor gate is 4:1, so that the anti-interference capability is good. In addition, the output intensities corresponding to the same output logic state in different input logic states of any logic gate implemented in the above implementation scheme are consistent, which is beneficial to the cascade design in practical application.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the outstanding advantages that:
(1) the method is compatible with vortex light, and can perform logic operation without performing modal transformation on the vortex light in future all-optical information processing and all-optical calculation based on vortex rotation. (2) Compared with other all-optical logic gates based on vortex rotation, the all-optical logic gate does not need large-size space elements, and is convenient to integrate, and the size of the all-optical logic gate is only in the micron level. (3) Has good anti-interference capability. The contrast between the output logic states "1" and "0" in the or gate, the not gate, the nand gate and the exclusive or gate realized by the invention is theoretically infinite, and the contrast between the output logic states "1" and "0" in the and gate, the nor gate and the exclusive or gate is 4: 1. (4) The output intensities corresponding to the same output logic state under different input logic states in any logic gate realized by the invention are consistent, which is beneficial to the cascade design in practical application.
(IV) description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vortex optical coding all-optical logic gate based on binary phase shift keying and a method for implementing the same.
FIG. 2 is a graph of simulation results of an optical vortex coding all-optical logic gate based on binary phase shift keying and an OR logic gate in an implementation method thereof. (a) And (B), (c) and (d) respectively represent the SPPs intensity spatial distribution result on the upper surface of the nano metal film 2 when the input logic states (A and B) are (0,0), (0,1), (1,0) and (1, 1).
FIG. 3 is a diagram of simulation results of a vortex optical coding all-optical logic gate based on binary phase shift keying and an implementation method thereof. (a) And (B), (c) and (d) respectively represent the SPPs intensity spatial distribution result on the upper surface of the nano metal film 2 when the input logic states (A and B) are (0,0), (0,1), (1,0) and (1, 1).
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to an or logic gate, an and logic gate, and an nand logic gate as examples.
Example 1: or a logic gate.
As shown in fig. 1, the vortex optically encoded or gate in the present embodiment includes input signals Signal 1 and Signal 2, a substrate 1, a nano-metal film 2, an annular nano-groove 2-1, and an output port 3. The vortex rotation vertically enters from the lower surface of the substrate 1, and the SPPs are excited at the annular nanometer groove 2-1 on the nanometer metal film 2. The SPPs are transported along the surface of the nanometal film 2 and converged at the output port 3. Different SPPs intensity values at the output port 3 are defined as different output logic states, respectively. For an ideal OR gate, when the input logic state (A, B) is (0,0), the SPPs strength at output port 3 needs to be 0 to represent the output logic state "0"; when the input logic states (a, B) are (0,1), (1,0) and (1,1), the SPPs intensities at the output port 3 should be a uniform non-zero value to represent the output logic state "1". Since the input logic states (A, B) are (0,0), (0,1), (1,0), (1,1), respectively, the output port 3 isSPPs respectively have intensity of | F2|α-iβ|2、 |F|2|α-iβe-iγ|2、|F|2|αeiγ-iβ|2、|F|2|αeiγ-iβe-iγ|2. We can therefore obtain the conditional equation for implementing an or gate as: α -i β ═ 0 and | α eiγ-iβ||=|α-iβe-iγ|=|αeiγ-iβe-iγL. The conditional equation is solved by α ═ 1, β ═ i, and γ ═ 2 pi/3. Substituting the special solution into formula (2) can calculate the SPPs intensity distribution on the nanometal film 2, and the obtained normalized intensity distribution maps in different input logic states are shown in fig. 2. The special solution is substituted into the intensity expression of SPPs at the output port 3, and the output intensity of 3| F! Y corresponding to the output logic state '1' can be obtained2The output intensity corresponding to the output logic state "0" is 0. It can be seen that the output intensities corresponding to the output logic state "1" under different input logic states (0,1), (1,0) and (1,1) are the same. Further, the contrast between the output intensities corresponding to the output logic states "1" and "0" is infinite.
Example 2: and logic gates.
As shown in fig. 1, the eddy optically encoded and gate in this embodiment includes input signals Signal 1 and Signal 2, a substrate 1, a nano-metal film 2, an annular nano-groove 2-1, and an output port 3. The vortex rotation vertically enters from the lower surface of the substrate 1, and the SPPs are excited at the annular nanometer groove 2-1 on the nanometer metal film 2. The SPPs are transported along the surface of the nanometal film 2 and converged at the output port 3. Different SPPs intensity values at the output port 3 are defined as different output logic states, respectively. For an ideal and gate, when the input logic states (a, B) are (0,0), (0,1) and (1,0), the SPPs at output port 3 has a strength of 0, representing the output logic state "0"; when the input logic state (A, B) is (1,1), the SPPs at output port 3 have a strength other than 0, representing an output logic state of "1". Since the input logic states (A, B) are (0,0), (0,1), (1,0), (1,1), respectively, the SPPs at the output port 3 have intensities of | F2|α-iβ|2、|F|2|α-iβe-iγ|2、 |F|2|αeiγ-iβ|2、|F|2|αeiγ-iβe-iγ|2We obtain the conditional equation for implementing the and gate as: 1-i β ═ 1-i β e-i2π/3=ei2π/3-iβ=0,|ei2π/3-iβe-i2π/3|2Not equal to 0, this equation has no solution, so the present invention cannot achieve an ideal and gate. Therefore, we relax the constraint to define that when the input logic states (a, B) are (0,0), (0,1) and (1,0), the SPPs at the output port 3 has a uniform weak strength value to represent the output logic state "0"; when the input logic state (A, B) is (1,1), the SPPs at the output port 3 have a strong strength value indicating the output logic state "1". At this time, the conditional equation becomes | ei2π/3-iβe-i2π/3|>|1-iβ|=|1-iβe-i2π/3|=|ei2π/3-i β | ≠ 0. The special solution of the conditional equation is that alpha is 1 and beta is ie4πi/3And gamma is 2 pi/3. Substituting the special solution into formula (2) can calculate the SPPs intensity distribution on the nanometal film 2, and the obtained normalized intensity distribution maps in different input logic states are shown in fig. 3. The special solution is substituted into the intensity expression of SPPs at the output port 3, and output intensity of 4| F2The output intensity of | F2. It can be seen that the output intensity corresponding to the output logic state "0" under different input logic states (0,0), (0,1) and (1,0) is the same. Further, the contrast between the output intensities corresponding to the output logic states "1" and "0" is 4: 1.
Similar analysis can be applied to the remaining five basic logic gates. The parametric conditions for implementing the seven logic gates are shown in the table below.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A vortex optical coding all-optical logic gate based on binary phase shift keying and an implementation method thereof. The method is characterized in that: the vortex optical coding all-optical logic gate based on binary phase shift keying comprises two orthogonal vortex optical input signals Signal 1 and Signal 2, a substrate 1, a nano metal film 2, an annular nano groove 2-1 and an output port 3, wherein the output port 3 is positioned at the central position of the annular nano groove 2-1, and the specific implementation method is as follows: two orthogonal vortex optical input signals Signal 1 and Signal 2 are vertically input from the lower surface of a substrate 1, input logic states '1' and '0' of the input signals are coded through phase shift keying, two input vortex optical rotations excite surface plasmas (SPPs) at a circular nanometer groove 2-1, the SPPs are transmitted along the surface of a nanometer metal film 2 and are converged at an output port 3, the intensity of the SPPs at the output port 3 represents the output logic states '1' and '0', and in the vortex optical coding all-optical logic gate and the implementation method thereof, the electric field distributions of the SPPs excited by the input signals Signal 1 and Signal 2 on the upper surface of a gold film can be respectively recorded as the electric field distributions of the SPPs on the upper surface of the gold filmThe electric field distribution of the total SPPs can be written as:wherein α, β represent the initial phase factors of the input signals Signal 1 and Signal 2, respectively; A. b is a binary variable, whose value may be 0 or 1, for implementing a phase shift keying encoding of the input logic state, representing the input logic state "1" of the input signals Signal 1 and Signal 2, respectively, when A, B is 1; when A, B is 0, it represents the input logic state "0" of the input signals Signal 1 and Signal 2, respectively, and γ represents the relative phase shift between the input logic states "1" and "0", and by changing the values of α, β, γ, seven logic gate functions can be realized under the condition of fixed device structure.
2. The vortex optical coding all-optical logic gate based on binary phase shift keying and the implementation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the two input vortex optical rotations are pairwise orthogonal vortex light, so that the crosstalk-free information parallel transmission is ensured.
3. The vortex optical coding all-optical logic gate based on binary phase shift keying and the implementation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the nano metal film on the substrate can be gold or silver.
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