CN112230134A - Capillary tube double-path trigger device for series gap and application thereof - Google Patents
Capillary tube double-path trigger device for series gap and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112230134A CN112230134A CN202010936154.7A CN202010936154A CN112230134A CN 112230134 A CN112230134 A CN 112230134A CN 202010936154 A CN202010936154 A CN 202010936154A CN 112230134 A CN112230134 A CN 112230134A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a capillary tube double-path trigger device for a series gap and application thereof. The invention adopts double-path single-gap capillary discharge, has advanced technology, simple structure and excellent control performance, and can effectively, quickly, accurately and reliably conduct the series gap.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pulse power, and particularly relates to a capillary tube double-path trigger device for a series gap and application thereof.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the manufacturing level of the high-voltage switch, the direct test is difficult to meet the test requirements of the high-voltage high-capacity circuit breaker. At present, a relatively economic and effective synthetic test method is adopted at home and abroad, and a high-voltage high-capacity circuit breaker is tested in a mode of combined operation of a low-voltage current source and a high-voltage source. The current source voltage is only a fraction of the rated voltage of the circuit breaker, and special arc delaying measures are needed to prevent the test sample from being extinguished in advance compared with the direct test under the working condition, so that the circuit breaker has the same arc burning time range as the rated voltage under the low voltage.
The current pulse arc delay is an effective arc delay means, mainly comprising a resistor, a capacitor and an air gap. Current pulse arc delay utilizes RLC discharge to generate current pulses that direct current to cross zero rapidly with high steepness, thereby preventing premature arc quenching. The arc-extending method needs a special control discharge loop and has extremely high requirements on the accuracy of control time. Similar to the arc-extending test loop, the precise investment of the discharge loop depends on the triggering performance of the gas gap under the wide application of the gas gap.
The performance of a common gas gap is often influenced by loop parameters and atmospheric environment, and when test conditions or environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and the like need to be changed greatly, a series of measures such as adjusting the distance of the gas gap and the like need to be adopted for time sequence matching, so that the control requirements of the test conditions on the triggering time delay of the gas gap and the accurate investment of a test loop are met. The gas gap works under the low working coefficient, has the characteristics of sometimes prolonging and shaking greatly, and promotes the difficulty of accurate control. Particularly, for the application occasions of high voltage class or simultaneous use of AC and DC power supplies, in order to ensure reliability, the gas gap is often used with a series connection double gap, and the triggering technical difficulty of gas gap breakdown is further increased. Based on the above, an advanced gas gap triggering means is needed, so that the technical requirement of accurate control triggering of the series double gaps in various practical application occasions is effectively met.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a capillary tube double-path trigger device for a series gap and application thereof aiming at the defects in the prior art, wherein a single-gap capillary tube is embedded in a series gas gap of a test loop, and pulse ignition is utilized for synchronous triggering; the insulating gas production material is ablated through capillary discharge to generate two paths of high-temperature, high-pressure and high-density plasma jet flow, so that the series gap is quickly and reliably conducted.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a capillary double-circuit trigger device for a series gap comprises a single-gap capillary, wherein the single-gap capillary is embedded in a corresponding gap and is connected with a secondary side of a pulse transformer through a corresponding voltage-sharing capacitor, a primary side of the pulse transformer is connected with a direct-current power supply through a pulse discharge loop, an output end of the direct-current power supply is connected with a pulse charging loop in series, the pulse charging loop comprises a first protection diode and a second protection diode, the first protection diode is connected with an output end of the direct-current power supply in parallel, and the second protection diode is connected with an output end of the direct-current power supply in series.
The single-gap capillary comprises an inner conductor, wherein the inner conductor is arranged in an outer conductor in a penetrating mode, an insulating material is arranged between the inner conductor and the outer conductor, one end of the inner conductor is inserted into a central through hole of the insulating material to form a slender capillary channel, and the other end of the inner conductor is connected with an inner conductor leading-out terminal; an outer conductor leading-out terminal is arranged on the outer conductor, and the inner conductor, the outer conductor and the insulating material are in tight fit.
Specifically, the single-gap capillary tube comprises a first single-gap capillary tube and a second single-gap capillary tube, the outer conductors of the first single-gap capillary tube and the second single-gap capillary tube are connected in common, the inner conductor of the first single-gap capillary tube is divided into two paths, one path of the inner conductor is connected with one end of the secondary output end of the pulse transformer, the other path of the inner conductor is connected with one end of a first voltage-sharing capacitor, and the other end of the first voltage-sharing capacitor is connected with one end of a second voltage-sharing capacitor; the inner conductor of the second single-gap capillary tube is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the other end of the secondary output end of the pulse transformer, and the other path is connected with the other end of the second voltage-sharing capacitor.
Furthermore, a first gap leading-out terminal is arranged at the position of the first single-gap capillary tube, a first gap is arranged between the first single-gap capillary tube and the first gap leading-out terminal, a second gap leading-out terminal is arranged at the position of the second single-gap capillary tube, and a second gap is arranged between the second single-gap capillary tube and the second gap leading-out terminal.
Furthermore, the capacitance values of the first voltage-sharing capacitor and the second voltage-sharing capacitor are the same and are both 1-40 nF.
Furthermore, the diameter of the inner conductor is 0.2-1.2 mm, and the length is 4-15 mm.
Specifically, the pulse discharge circuit comprises a pulse capacitor, one end of the pulse capacitor is divided into three paths, one path is connected with the negative electrode of the fly-wheel diode, the second path is connected with the positive electrode of the thyristor, and the third path is connected with one end of the output end of the direct-current power supply after sequentially passing through a first protection resistor, a first protection inductor and a second protection diode; the other end of the pulse capacitor is divided into three paths after passing through the primary side of the pulse transformer, one path is connected with the anode of the fly-wheel diode, the second path is connected with the cathode of the thyristor, and the third path is connected with the other end of the output end of the direct-current power supply after passing through the second protection resistor and the second protection inductor.
Furthermore, the capacitance value of the pulse capacitor is 1-4 muF.
Furthermore, the leading edge of a voltage pulse output by the discharge of the pulse capacitor through the thyristor and the primary side of the pulse transformer is 2-20 mus, and the amplitude of the output pulse voltage is 20-60 kV.
The invention also provides an application of the capillary two-way trigger device for the series gap in a synthesis test arc delay loop.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a capillary tube double-path trigger device for a series gap, which utilizes a pulse source to synchronously trigger a double-path single-gap capillary tube embedded in the series gap and simultaneously generates two beams of high-temperature, high-pressure and high-density plasma jet jets to respectively enter two gas gaps, so that the series gap is quickly and reliably conducted. The gas gap triggering technology of high-density plasma jet flow generated by melting insulating gas generating materials through capillary discharge enables the gaps to be quickly conducted under the condition of low working coefficient. The action time delay is not interfered by environmental factors, and is extremely little influenced by the change of the gap voltage, so that the gap can stably and reliably work under test conditions of different environments and a certain range, and the gap can be accurately put into a discharge loop. When the test parameters or the environmental conditions are changed, the time sequence coordination of the synthesis test is carried out again without adopting measures such as adjusting the distance of the gas gap, the test working efficiency is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the requirement of accurate time sequence control of the gas gap of the discharge loop can be effectively met.
Furthermore, the inner conductor of the single-gap capillary can well introduce current and has certain ablation resistance. The outer conductor can provide a certain mechanical structural strength. The insulating material can be used as an ablation gas production material in the capillary discharge process to generate high-temperature, high-pressure and high-density plasma by arc ablation.
Furthermore, the mode that two output ends of a single secondary side are respectively connected with one path of single-gap capillary tube is adopted, the simultaneous use of a plurality of pulse transformers or the design of a plurality of secondary side windings of the single pulse transformer are avoided, the circuit structure is simple, and the trigger voltage requirement of the two paths of single-gap capillary tubes is effectively met.
Furthermore, the voltage-sharing capacitor is bridged between the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the single-gap capillary tube, so that energy is output and stored through the pulse source, and energy is provided for the process that after the gap of the capillary tube is broken down, the electric arc continuously ablates the insulating gas-generating material and generates a large amount of plasma.
Furthermore, the capacitance value range of the voltage-sharing capacitor is 1-40 nF, so that the voltage-sharing capacitor is matched with the output capacity of a pulse source and supplies energy to the single-gap capillary after being triggered. The capacitance values of the adopted capacitors are equal, voltage sharing is carried out when the pulse transformer is charged, and before the capillary tube triggers discharge, the voltages applied to the two paths of single-gap capillary tubes are equal, so that the two paths of single-gap capillary tubes have the same working condition.
Furthermore, the inner conductor part is inserted into a capillary discharge channel formed by insulating materials, the diameter range of the capillary discharge channel is 0.2-1.2 mm, and the problem that the service life is influenced because the pipeline structure is damaged due to multiple times of electric arc ablation when the pipe diameter is too small is solved; when the pipe diameter is too large, the space in the pipe is too large to reduce the pressure of the accumulated plasma. The length range of the tube is 4-15 mm, and because the ablation amount of the capillary discharge arc on the insulating gas production material is insufficient when the tube is too long, the total amount of generated plasma is small; when the tube is too long, the viscous resistance of the tube wall can be enhanced, more energy loss is caused, the peak value of the discharge current can be reduced, the energy of an arc path is reduced, and the ablation effect is influenced. In addition, too long tube length can also cause the capillary discharge trigger voltage to be too high, increasing the design difficulty of the pulse source. The tight fit among the inner conductor, the insulating material and the outer conductor is to ensure the size and structural strength of the capillary discharge channel.
Further, the use of a pulse source powers the overall device and provides a high voltage pulse trigger signal for the single gap capillary. The series and parallel protection diodes are used for preventing reverse voltage and reverse current of the pulse charging loop under abnormal working conditions. The use of the protection inductor and the protection resistor is used for limiting the current peak value and the change rate of the pulse charging loop, so that the direct-current power supply is protected from being damaged under the abnormal working condition.
Furthermore, the capacitance range of the pulse capacitor is 1-4 muF, so as to adapt to the energy requirement of the pulse loop. The freewheeling diode is used for providing a reverse freewheeling path for the pulse discharging circuit after forward discharging, and discharging a reverse voltage on the pulse capacitor.
Furthermore, the output leading edge of the pulse source is 2-20 mus, the amplitude range is 20-60 kV, and the purpose is to obtain high-gradient voltage pulse output so as to quickly and reliably trigger the capillary tube to discharge and further generate a plasma jet flow conduction gap, so that the conduction time delay of the gas gap is short.
In conclusion, the invention adopts single-gap capillary discharge, and has advanced technology, simple structure and excellent control performance.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a capillary two-way trigger device for a series gap;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single gap capillary structure;
FIG. 3 is a graph of a typical voltage waveform for a secondary side no-load output of a pulse transformer;
FIG. 4 is a high-speed photographic image of a two-way single gap capillary jet plasma;
FIG. 5 is an oscillogram of breakdown voltages across two-way single-gap capillary electrodes;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a series gap assembled capillary two-way trigger device;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an arc-extending loop of a series gap capillary double-path trigger device applied to a synthetic test.
Wherein: 1. a direct current power supply; 2. a first protection diode, 3, a second protection diode, 4, a first protection inductor, 5, a first protection resistor, 6, a second protection inductor, 7, a second protection resistor, 8, a thyristor, 9, a freewheeling diode, 10, a pulse capacitor, 11, a pulse transformer, 12, a primary side of the pulse transformer, 13, a secondary side of the pulse transformer, 14, a first single-gap capillary tube, 15, a first voltage-sharing capacitor, 16, a second voltage-sharing capacitor, 17, a second single-gap capillary tube, 18, an inner conductor, 19, an insulating material, 20, an outer conductor, 21, a capillary tube passage, 22, an inner conductor leading-out terminal, 23, an outer conductor leading-out terminal, 24, a first gap, 25, a first gap leading-out terminal, 26, a second gap, 27, a second gap leading-out terminal, 28, an arc-extending resistor, 29, an arc-extending capacitor, 30, an auxiliary breaker, 31, 32, a voltage loop, 33. a current loop, 34, a voltage loop closing switch and 35, a current loop closing switch.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Various structural schematics according to the disclosed embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity of presentation. The shapes of various regions, layers and their relative sizes and positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, according to actual needs.
The invention provides a capillary tube double-path trigger device for a series gap, which utilizes the gas gap triggering technology of generating plasma jet by capillary tube discharge to have the characteristics of short time delay, small jitter, stable triggering performance, capability of working under a low working coefficient and the like, is not interfered by environmental factors, can accurately, effectively, stably and reliably trigger a gas gap under a certain range of test conditions, avoids complicated and fussy gap parameter adjustment, and greatly improves the working efficiency. The double-path single-gap capillary tube is triggered by single secondary high-voltage pulse output of a pulse transformer, has good controllability and synchronism, and can effectively meet the requirement of accurate time sequence control of a test loop series gas gap.
Referring to fig. 1, the capillary two-way triggering device for a series gap according to the present invention includes a pulse source, a single-gap capillary and a voltage-sharing capacitor, wherein the pulse source is connected to the corresponding single-gap capillary after passing through a pulse transformer 11 and the voltage-sharing capacitor, and the two single-gap capillaries are embedded in the corresponding series gaps respectively.
The pulse source adopts a direct current power supply 1, one end of the output end of the direct current power supply 1 is divided into two paths, and one path is connected with the cathode of a first protection diode 2; the other path is divided into three paths after sequentially passing through a second protective diode 3, a first protective inductor 4 and a first protective resistor 5, one path is connected with the anode of a thyristor 8, the second path is connected with the cathode of a freewheeling diode 9, and the third path is connected with one end of a pulse capacitor 10; the other end of the output end of the direct current power supply 1 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the anode of the first protection diode 2, the other path is divided into three paths after sequentially passing through a second protection inductor 6 and a second protection resistor 7, one path is connected with the cathode of the thyristor 8, the second path is connected with the anode of the fly-wheel diode 9, and the third path is connected with the other end of the pulse capacitor 10 through the primary side 12 of the pulse transformer 11; the output end of a secondary side 13 of the pulse transformer 11 is respectively connected with the inner conductors of the two single-gap capillary tubes; the voltage-sharing capacitor is respectively connected between the inner conductor and the outer conductor of each single-gap capillary tube in a spanning mode and is charged by the pulse source.
The direct current power supply 1 is connected in parallel at two ends of the pulse capacitor 10 through a protection inductor and a protection resistor, and a second protection diode 3 connected in series with the output end of the direct current power supply 1 and a first protection diode 2 connected in parallel form a pulse charging loop; the pulse capacitor 10, a parallel loop of the thyristor 8 and the freewheeling diode 9 and a series loop of the primary side 12 of the pulse transformer jointly form a pulse discharge loop, and can provide high-voltage trigger pulse output for the two single-gap capillaries.
Wherein, the capacitance value of the pulse capacitor 10 is 1-4 muF.
The voltage-sharing capacitor comprises a first voltage-sharing capacitor 15 and a second voltage-sharing capacitor 16, the capacitance values of the first voltage-sharing capacitor 15 and the second voltage-sharing capacitor 16 are equal and are all 1-40 nF, the two single-gap capillaries comprise a first single-gap capillary tube 14 and a second single-gap capillary tube 17, the outer conductors of the first single-gap capillary tube 14 and the second single-gap capillary tube 17 are connected in common, the inner conductor of the first single-gap capillary tube 14 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with one end of the output end of the secondary side 13 of the pulse transformer, the other path is connected with one end of the first voltage-sharing capacitor 15, and the other end of the first voltage-sharing capacitor 15 is connected with one end of the second voltage-sharing capacitor 16; the inner conductor of the second single-gap capillary 17 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the other end of the output end of the secondary side 13 of the pulse transformer, and the other path is connected with the other end of the second voltage-sharing capacitor 16.
Referring to fig. 2, the single gap capillary includes an inner conductor 18, an insulating material 19, an outer conductor 20, a capillary channel 21, an inner conductor lead-out terminal 22, and an outer conductor lead-out terminal 23.
The inner conductor 18 is arranged in the outer conductor 20 in a penetrating mode, the insulating material 19 is arranged between the inner conductor 18 and the outer conductor 20, one end of the inner conductor 18 is inserted into a central through hole of the insulating material 19 to form a slender capillary channel, the inner conductor 18, the outer conductor 20 and the insulating material 19 are in tight fit, the structural strength of the capillary discharge channel is ensured, and the other end of the inner conductor is connected with an inner conductor leading-out terminal 22; an outer conductor lead terminal 23 is connected to the outer conductor 20.
The diameter of the inner conductor 18 is 0.2-1.2 mm, and the length is 4-15 mm; when the tube is too long, the ablation amount of the capillary discharge arc on the insulating gas production material is not enough, and the total amount of generated plasma is small; when the tube is too long, the viscous resistance of the tube wall can be enhanced, more energy loss is caused, the peak value of the discharge current can be reduced, the energy of an arc path is reduced, and the ablation effect is influenced. In addition, too long tube length can also cause the capillary discharge trigger voltage to be too high, which affects the design cost of the pulse source.
The material of the inner conductor 18 is a good conductor such as copper or tungsten, and has a certain ablation resistance while allowing a good current to be introduced. The outer conductor 20 is a copper or aluminum tube, which provides some mechanical structural strength. The insulating material 19 is made of high-density polymer such as polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene; can be used as an ablation gas production material in the capillary discharge process to generate high-temperature, high-pressure and high-density plasma by arc ablation.
Referring to fig. 3, a typical voltage waveform of the no-load output of the secondary side 13 of the pulse transformer is shown; after receiving the pulse ignition signal, the thyristor 8 switches on a pulse discharge loop, the pulse capacitor discharges through the thyristor 8 and the primary side 12 of the pulse transformer, a voltage pulse with a certain amplitude is output, the leading edge of the voltage pulse is 2-20 mus, and the amplitude of the output pulse voltage is 20-60 kV.
Referring to fig. 4, the first single-gap capillary 14 and the second single-gap capillary 17 are embedded on the gas-gap serial electrode, and after receiving an action signal, the pulse source charges the voltage-sharing capacitor and drives the capillaries to discharge and ablate the insulating gas-generating material, thereby generating high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-density plasma jet respectively.
Referring to fig. 5, which is an oscillogram of breakdown voltages at two ends of a two-way single-gap capillary electrode, a trigger voltage of a first single-gap capillary 14 connected to a positive terminal of a secondary side 13 of a pulse transformer is slightly lower than a negative terminal, and breakdown triggering is performed preferentially; after the first single-gap capillary tube 14 is broken down, the output voltage of the secondary side 13 of the pulse transformer continues to rise and breaks down a second single-gap capillary tube 17 connected to the negative end of the secondary side 13 of the pulse transformer; the time delay of the action of the first single gap capillary 14 and the second single gap capillary 17 is in the order of hundreds of nanoseconds.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment is a capillary two-way trigger device for a series gap, including a pulse source, a single-gap capillary, and a voltage-sharing capacitor.
The pulse source comprises a pulse capacitor, a direct-current power supply, a thyristor, a fly-wheel diode, a pulse transformer, a protection inductor, a protection resistor and a protection diode.
Wherein, the capacity value of the pulse capacitor is 1 muF.
The DC power supply is connected in parallel with two ends of the pulse capacitor through a protection inductor and a protection resistor, and the output ends of the DC power supply are respectively connected in series and in parallel with a protection diode to form a pulse charging loop.
The pulse capacitor is connected with the parallel loop of the thyristor and the fly-wheel diode and the primary side of the pulse transformer in series to form a pulse discharge loop.
After receiving the pulse ignition signal, the thyristor switches on the pulse discharge loop, and the pulse capacitor discharges through the thyristor and the primary side of the pulse transformer.
The single-gap capillary tube is composed of an inner conductor, an insulating material and an outer conductor.
The inner conductor is made of copper, the outer conductor is made of a copper pipe, and the insulating material is made of polyethylene.
The inner conductor portion was inserted into the central through hole of the insulating material to form an elongated capillary channel having a diameter of 0.2mm and a length of 4 mm. The inner conductor, the outer conductor and the insulating material are in tight fit.
The inner and outer conductors of the single-gap capillary form a non-uniform electric field structure through the capillary channel, and the double-path single-gap capillary is influenced by the access of different output terminals of the pulse transformer and has a polarity effect.
The voltage-sharing capacitors are respectively connected in parallel between the inner conductor and the outer conductor of each single-gap capillary tube and are charged by the secondary side of the pulse transformer. The capacitance values of the two voltage-sharing capacitors are equal and are 1 nF. Under the condition, the secondary side of the pulse transformer outputs a voltage pulse with a certain amplitude, and the leading edge of the voltage pulse is 2 mus. Meanwhile, the secondary side of the pulse transformer outputs and synchronously triggers two paths of single-gap capillaries, and the amplitude of the output pulse voltage is 20 kV.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment is a capillary two-way trigger device for a series gap, including a pulse source, a single-gap capillary, and a voltage-sharing capacitor.
The pulse source comprises a pulse capacitor, a direct-current power supply, a thyristor, a fly-wheel diode, a pulse transformer, a protection inductor, a protection resistor and a protection diode.
Wherein, the capacity value of the pulse capacitor is 2 muF.
The DC power supply is connected in parallel with two ends of the pulse capacitor through a protection inductor and a protection resistor, and the output ends of the DC power supply are respectively connected in series and in parallel with a protection diode to form a pulse charging loop.
The pulse capacitor is connected with the parallel loop of the thyristor and the fly-wheel diode and the primary side of the pulse transformer in series to form a pulse discharge loop. After receiving the pulse ignition signal, the thyristor switches on the pulse discharge loop, and the pulse capacitor discharges through the thyristor and the primary side of the pulse transformer.
The single-gap capillary tube is composed of an inner conductor, an insulating material and an outer conductor.
The inner conductor is made of copper, the outer conductor is made of aluminum pipe, and the insulating material is polyethylene.
The inner conductor portion was inserted into the central through hole of the insulating material to form an elongated capillary channel having a diameter of 0.8mm and a length of 7 mm. The inner conductor, the outer conductor and the insulating material are in tight fit.
The inner and outer conductors of the single-gap capillary form a non-uniform electric field structure through the capillary channel, and the double-path single-gap capillary is influenced by the access of different output terminals of the pulse transformer and has a polarity effect.
The voltage-sharing capacitors are respectively connected in parallel between the inner conductor and the outer conductor of each single-gap capillary and are charged by the pulse source, and the capacitance values of the two voltage-sharing capacitors are equal and are 10 nF. Under the condition, the secondary side of the pulse transformer outputs a voltage pulse with a certain amplitude, and the leading edge of the voltage pulse is 10 mu s. Meanwhile, the secondary side output of the pulse transformer synchronously triggers two paths of single-gap capillaries, and the amplitude range of the output pulse voltage is 40 kV.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment is a capillary two-way trigger device for a series gap, including a pulse source, a single-gap capillary, and a voltage-sharing capacitor.
The pulse source comprises a pulse capacitor, a direct-current power supply, a thyristor, a fly-wheel diode, a pulse transformer, a protection inductor, a protection resistor and a protection diode.
Wherein, the capacity value of the pulse capacitor is 4 muF.
The DC power supply is connected in parallel with two ends of the pulse capacitor through a protection inductor and a protection resistor, and the output ends of the DC power supply are respectively connected in series and in parallel with a protection diode to form a pulse charging loop.
The pulse capacitor is connected with the parallel loop of the thyristor and the fly-wheel diode and the primary side of the pulse transformer in series to form a pulse discharge loop.
After receiving the pulse ignition signal, the thyristor switches on the pulse discharge loop, and the pulse capacitor discharges through the thyristor and the primary side of the pulse transformer.
The single-gap capillary tube is composed of an inner conductor, an insulating material and an outer conductor.
The inner conductor is made of tungsten, the outer conductor is made of a copper pipe, and the insulating material is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
The inner conductor section is inserted into the central through hole of the insulating material to form an elongated capillary channel having a diameter of 1.2mm and a length of 15 mm. The inner conductor, the outer conductor and the insulating material are in tight fit.
The inner and outer conductors of the single-gap capillary form a non-uniform electric field structure through the capillary channel, and the double-path single-gap capillary is influenced by the access of different output terminals of the pulse transformer and has a polarity effect.
The voltage-sharing capacitors are respectively connected in parallel between the inner conductor and the outer conductor of each single-gap capillary tube and are charged by the pulse source. The capacitance values of the two voltage-sharing capacitors are equal and are 40 nF. Under the condition, the secondary side of the pulse transformer outputs voltage pulse with certain amplitude, the leading edge of the voltage pulse is 20 microseconds, meanwhile, the secondary side of the pulse transformer outputs voltage pulse which synchronously triggers two paths of single-gap capillaries, and the output pulse voltage amplitude range is 60 kV.
After a pulse ignition signal is sent to the device, a pulse source jointly drives a double-path capillary tube to discharge and ablate an insulating gas production material through a voltage-sharing capacitor, high-temperature, high-pressure and high-density plasma jet is generated, and the jet effect is shown in figure 4. The trigger voltage of the single-gap capillary tube connected with the positive end of the secondary side of the pulse transformer is slightly lower than that of the negative end, and the single-gap capillary tube is firstly punctured and triggered. After the single-gap capillary tube connected with the positive end of the secondary side of the pulse transformer is broken down, the output voltage of the secondary side of the pulse transformer continues to rise until the single-gap capillary tube connected with the negative end of the secondary side of the pulse transformer is broken down. The action time delay of the single-gap capillary tube at the positive end and the negative end of the secondary side of the pulse transformer is 200-500 nanoseconds.
Referring to fig. 6, a circuit diagram of a series gap assembled capillary dual-way trigger device is shown. A first gap extraction terminal 25 is arranged at the first single-gap capillary 14, a first gap 24 is arranged between the first single-gap capillary 14 and the first gap extraction terminal 25, a second gap extraction terminal 27 is arranged at the second single-gap capillary 17, and a second gap 26 is arranged between the second single-gap capillary 17 and the second gap extraction terminal 27.
In normal operation, the gap operates at a nominal voltage. The plasma jet enters the gap, and a large amount of initial charged particles are introduced to promote the establishment of a gap discharge channel. The first gap 24 where the first single-gap capillary 14 connected with the positive end of the secondary side 13 of the pulse transformer is located is preferentially broken down and conducted, so that the whole series gap voltage is completely applied to the second gap 26 where the second single-gap capillary 17 connected with the negative end of the secondary side 13 of the pulse transformer is located, and the breakdown is accelerated under the double effects of overvoltage and plasma jet injection, so that the whole series gap is broken down and conducted.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a capillary two-way trigger device for a series gap applied to a synthetic test arc-extending loop. The synthesis test main loop comprises an arc extension loop, an auxiliary circuit breaker 30, a test article 31, a voltage loop 32, a current loop 33, a voltage loop closing switch 34 and a current loop closing switch 35. The arc-extending loop is formed by connecting a series gap for installing the device with an arc-extending capacitor and an arc-extending resistor in series through a first gap leading-out terminal and a second gap leading-out terminal.
After receiving a synchronous control instruction of a synthetic test, the capillary discharge structure of the device generates double-path high-temperature, high-pressure and high-density plasma jet flow, so that the serial gap of the arc extending loop is quickly and reliably conducted. The conduction performance is related to the gap distance, the gap applied voltage, and the like. The ball distance of the series gap used by a certain synthetic test loop is 4cm, the output voltage of the voltage loop is 60kV, the conduction time delay of the voltage loop is 30us, and the jitter is less than 5 us.
In summary, the invention provides a capillary tube two-way trigger device for a series gap and application thereof, wherein a single-gap capillary tube is embedded in a series gas gap of a test loop, and pulse ignition is utilized for synchronous triggering. The insulating gas production material is ablated through capillary discharge to generate two paths of high-temperature, high-pressure and high-density plasma jet flow, so that the series gap is quickly and reliably conducted. The device adopts single-gap capillary discharge, and has advanced technology, simple structure and excellent control performance. The gas gap triggering technology for generating plasma jet by utilizing capillary discharge has the characteristics of short time delay, small jitter, stable triggering performance, capability of working under a low working coefficient and the like, is not interfered by environmental factors, can accurately, effectively, stably and reliably trigger the gas gap under a certain range of test conditions, avoids complicated and fussy gap parameter adjustment, and greatly improves the working efficiency. The double-path single-gap capillary tube is triggered by single secondary high-voltage pulse output of a pulse transformer, has good controllability and synchronism, and can effectively meet the requirement of accurate time sequence control of the serial gas gap of a test loop.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A capillary two-way trigger device for a series gap is characterized by comprising a single-gap capillary, wherein the single-gap capillary is embedded in a corresponding gap and is respectively connected with a secondary side (13) of a pulse transformer (11) through a corresponding voltage-sharing capacitor, a primary side (12) of the pulse transformer is connected with a direct-current power supply (1) through a pulse discharge loop, an output end of the direct-current power supply (1) is connected with a pulse charging loop in series, the pulse charging loop comprises a first protection diode (2) and a second protection diode (3), the first protection diode (2) is connected with the output end of the direct-current power supply (1) in parallel, and the second protection diode (3) is connected with the output end of the direct-current power supply (1) in series.
2. The capillary two-way trigger device for the series gap is characterized in that the single-gap capillary comprises an inner conductor (18), the inner conductor (18) is arranged in an outer conductor (20) in a penetrating mode, an insulating material (19) is arranged between the inner conductor (18) and the outer conductor (20), one end of the inner conductor (18) is inserted into a central through hole of the insulating material (19) to form an elongated capillary channel, and the other end of the inner conductor is connected with an inner conductor leading-out terminal (22); an outer conductor lead-out terminal (23) is arranged on the outer conductor (20); the inner conductor (18), the outer conductor (20) and the insulating material (19) are in tight fit.
3. The capillary two-way trigger device for the series gap according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the single-gap capillary comprises a first single-gap capillary (14) and a second single-gap capillary (17), the outer conductors of the first single-gap capillary (14) and the second single-gap capillary (17) are connected in common, the inner conductor of the first single-gap capillary (14) is divided into two paths, one path is connected with one end of the output end of the secondary side (13) of the pulse transformer, the other path is connected with one end of a first voltage-sharing capacitor (15), and the other end of the first voltage-sharing capacitor (15) is connected with one end of a second voltage-sharing capacitor (16); the inner conductor of the second single-gap capillary (17) is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the other end of the output end of the secondary side (13) of the pulse transformer, and the other path is connected with the other end of the second voltage-sharing capacitor (16).
4. The capillary two-way trigger device for series gap according to claim 3, wherein a first gap leading-out terminal (25) is provided at the first single-gap capillary (14), a first gap (24) is provided between the first single-gap capillary (14) and the first gap leading-out terminal (25), a second gap leading-out terminal (27) is provided at the second single-gap capillary (17), and a second gap (26) is provided between the second single-gap capillary (17) and the second gap leading-out terminal (27).
5. The capillary two-way trigger device for the series gap as recited in claim 3, wherein the capacitance values of the first voltage-sharing capacitor (15) and the second voltage-sharing capacitor (16) are the same and are both 1-40 nF.
6. The capillary two-way trigger device for the series gap according to claim 3, wherein the inner conductor has a diameter of 0.2 to 1.2mm and a length of 4 to 15 mm.
7. The capillary two-way trigger device for the series gap according to claim 1, wherein the pulse discharge loop comprises a pulse capacitor (10), one end of the pulse capacitor (10) is divided into three paths, one path is connected with the negative electrode of the freewheeling diode (9), the second path is connected with the positive electrode of the thyristor (8), and the third path is connected with one end of the output end of the direct current power supply (1) after sequentially passing through the first protection resistor (5), the first protection inductor (4) and the second protection diode (3); the other end of the pulse capacitor (10) is divided into three paths after passing through a primary side (12) of the pulse transformer, one path is connected with the anode of the fly-wheel diode (9), the second path is connected with the cathode of the thyristor (8), and the third path is connected with the other end of the output end of the direct-current power supply (1) after passing through a second protection resistor (7) and a second protection inductor (6).
8. The capillary two-way trigger device for the series gap according to claim 7, wherein the capacitance value of the pulse capacitor (10) is 1-4 μ F.
9. The capillary tube double-channel trigger device for the series gap as recited in claim 7, wherein the leading edge of the voltage pulse output by the discharge of the pulse capacitor through the thyristor (8) and the primary side (12) of the pulse transformer is 2-20 μ s, and the amplitude of the output pulse voltage is 20-60 kV.
10. Use of a capillary two-way trigger device for a series gap according to claim 1 in a synthetic test arc-extending loop.
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| CN113347774A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-09-03 | 西安交通大学 | Bipolar continuous capillary plasma jet trigger device and trigger method |
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