CN112229171A - Microwave vacuum drying device and drying process thereof - Google Patents

Microwave vacuum drying device and drying process thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112229171A
CN112229171A CN202011054533.XA CN202011054533A CN112229171A CN 112229171 A CN112229171 A CN 112229171A CN 202011054533 A CN202011054533 A CN 202011054533A CN 112229171 A CN112229171 A CN 112229171A
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China
Prior art keywords
microwave
vacuum drying
plc
character string
temperature
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CN202011054533.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
周亚杰
冯鹏
王连安
彭雅娟
陈亮
冯睿轩
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Zhongke Health Industry Group Jiangsu Pharmaceutical Co ltd
NANJING ZHONGKE PHARMACEUTICAL CO Ltd
Zhongke Health Industry Group Corp Ltd
Original Assignee
Zhongke Health Industry Group Jiangsu Pharmaceutical Co ltd
NANJING ZHONGKE PHARMACEUTICAL CO Ltd
Zhongke Health Industry Group Corp Ltd
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Application filed by Zhongke Health Industry Group Jiangsu Pharmaceutical Co ltd, NANJING ZHONGKE PHARMACEUTICAL CO Ltd, Zhongke Health Industry Group Corp Ltd filed Critical Zhongke Health Industry Group Jiangsu Pharmaceutical Co ltd
Priority to CN202011054533.XA priority Critical patent/CN112229171A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/120648 priority patent/WO2022067880A1/en
Publication of CN112229171A publication Critical patent/CN112229171A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
    • F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
    • F26B11/04—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/04—Heating arrangements using electric heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/009—Alarm systems; Safety sytems, e.g. preventing fire and explosions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
    • F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
    • F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
    • F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A microwave vacuum drying device and a drying process thereof comprise: the device comprises a microwave generator, a vacuum drying cavity, a material turntable mechanism, a vacuum system and a control system; the microwave generator comprises microwave magnetrons and microwave transformers electrically connected with the microwave magnetrons, and an alternating current contactor is connected between each group of microwave magnetrons and the microwave transformers in series; each microwave magnetron is connected in series with an independent short circuit and overload prevention protection device; the vacuum drying cavity is a hollow container, and the microwave generator and the material turntable mechanism are both arranged in the vacuum drying cavity; the defects of long vacuum drying period and low efficiency commonly existing in the vacuum drying device in the prior art when the materials are subjected to vacuum drying are effectively overcome.

Description

Microwave vacuum drying device and drying process thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dryers, in particular to a microwave vacuum drying device and a drying process thereof.
Background
Vacuum drying, also known as resolution drying, is a process in which the material is placed under vacuum and negative pressure to reduce the boiling point of water, the boiling point of water is 100 ℃ under one atmosphere, the boiling point of water can be reduced to 80 ℃, 60 ℃ and 40 ℃ to begin to evaporate under vacuum and negative pressure.
However, in the existing vacuum drying device, when the materials are dried in vacuum, the defects of long vacuum drying period and low efficiency generally exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a microwave vacuum drying device and a drying process thereof, which effectively overcome the defects of long vacuum drying period and low efficiency commonly existing in the vacuum drying device in the prior art when the vacuum drying device is used for vacuum drying of materials.
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a microwave vacuum drying device and a solution of a drying process thereof, which comprises the following specific steps:
a microwave vacuum drying apparatus comprising:
the device comprises a microwave generator 1, a vacuum drying cavity 2, a material turntable mechanism, a vacuum system and a control system;
the microwave generator 1 comprises microwave magnetrons and microwave transformers electrically connected with the microwave magnetrons, and an alternating current contactor is connected between each group of microwave magnetrons and the microwave transformers in series; each microwave magnetron is connected in series with an independent short circuit and overload prevention protection device;
the vacuum drying cavity 2 is a hollow container, and the microwave generator and the material turntable mechanism are both arranged in the vacuum drying cavity;
the material turntable mechanism enables the materials to do circular motion in the vacuum drying cavity.
Further, the material turntable mechanism comprises a motor 3 and a cage type frame 4; a rotating shaft 5 is penetratingly arranged in the center of the cage-type frame 4, and the rotating shaft 5 is connected with the output end of the motor 3 through a coupler;
and a containing disc 6 is uniformly arranged on the cage-type frame 4 in a surrounding manner, and the containing disc 6 is used for containing materials.
Further, the top of the containing tray 6 is provided with a baffle plate, and the baffle plate is used for blocking materials to prevent the materials from falling off from the containing tray 6.
Further, the control system is arranged beside the vacuum drying cavity 2 and comprises a PLC touch screen, an infrared radiation thermometer which is electrically connected with a PLC in the PLC touch screen and serves as an infrared thermometer is arranged in the vacuum drying cavity 2, and the motor 3 and the alternating current contactor are also electrically connected with the PLC in the PLC touch screen.
Furthermore, the front wall of the vacuum drying cavity 2 is hinged with a sealing door, and a hand wheel lock is arranged on the sealing door 11.
Further, the microwave vacuum drying device further comprises:
the vacuum drying device comprises a vacuum pump 7 and a vacuum pipeline 8 which are electrically connected with the PLC, wherein the vacuum pump 7 is arranged on the vacuum pipeline 8, one end of the vacuum pipeline 8 is communicated with the inside of the vacuum drying cavity 2, the other end of the vacuum pipeline 8 is connected with a storage tank 9 arranged beside the vacuum drying cavity 2, and a vacuum meter 10 electrically connected with the PLC is arranged in the vacuum drying cavity 2.
A drying process of a microwave vacuum drying device comprises the following steps:
step 1: starting up, the starting up comprises:
feeding the materials into a vacuum drying cavity, uniformly spreading the materials, and closing a sealing door after confirming that the materials are correct;
turning off an emergency stop button connected in series between the PLC and a power supply, pressing a start button with a green indicator lamp and arranged between the power supply and the PLC, and between the touch screen and the infrared thermometer, wherein the green indicator lamp in the start button is on, the PLC, the touch screen and the infrared thermometer are powered on, and the name and the manufacturer of the microwave vacuum drying device are displayed and marked on the touch screen;
step 2: the method for entering the main operation interface of the touch screen comprises the following steps:
clicking any position of the touch screen to turn to a main control picture;
further, in the main control picture, a text box marked by a character string "program number" is a program number of the currently used drying process; the current actual temperature in the vacuum drying cavity transmitted by the infrared thermometer through the PLC is in a text box marked by a character string 'material current temperature'; the material temperature can be set as required in an edit box marked by a character string 'material temperature setting'; the time required for microwave heating after the microwave generator is started is indicated in an edit box by the character string "run time setting"; the text box marked by the character string 'running time' is the accumulated working running time of the microwave generator after the microwave generator is started; the text box marked by the character string 'microwave power' is the current actual input power, and the current actual input power can be collected by the ammeter and transmitted to the touch screen through the PLC through the ammeter which is electrically connected with the PLC in series on a circuit of the power supply; the temperature return difference is set as the amplitude difference range between the upper temperature limit and the set temperature in the heating process; the button marked by the character string 'monitoring switch' is used for pressing the button to transmit an instruction to the PLC to turn on the monitor, and when the monitoring duration reaches the preset time, the monitor is automatically powered off; when the monitor is required to be opened, the monitor can be opened by pressing a button marked by a character string 'monitoring switch';
in addition, when the PLC controls and switches on the ac contactor to operate the microwave generator, the temperature change in the vacuum drying cavity may be visually displayed on a temperature curve screen of the touch screen according to the time change by using the temperature value transmitted from the infrared thermometer, as shown in fig. 3, where the abscissa of the curve is a time point and the ordinate is a temperature value.
And step 3: parameter setting, the parameter setting includes:
after entering a main control picture, firstly setting the temperature of a material on the main control picture, pressing a position needing data input in an edit box marked by a character string 'material temperature setting', popping a digital input keyboard on the picture, inputting a temperature value to be set on the digital keyboard, clicking a confirmation key marked by a character string 'ENT' on the digital keyboard to transmit the input parameter to the interior of the PLC, clearing the input data by the confirmation key marked by the character string 'CLR' on the digital keyboard, and cancelling the input data by a cancellation key marked by a character string 'ESC' on the digital keyboard; other settable parameters on the main control picture operate in the same way; after the parameters are set, please click a button marked by a character string 'program save', input a program number to be saved on a popped small keyboard, click a key marked by a character string 'ENT' on a numeric keyboard, then click a save button on the right lower part of a touch screen, and transmit the input parameters to the interior of the PLC for saving;
and 4, step 4: a manual operation, the manual operation comprising:
the buttons respectively marked by the character strings of a low-voltage switch, a transmission switch, a vacuum pump start and a high-voltage switch are pressed in sequence on the main control picture, so that the buttons can respectively send instructions to a PLC to control the conduction of an alternating current contactor connected in series with a microwave magnetron to enable the microwave magnetron to emit microwaves to heat and dry materials, control the operation of a motor to drive the materials in a containing disc 6 on the cage frame to rotate, control the operation of a vacuum pump to extract air flow in a vacuum drying cavity so as to exhaust moisture emitted from the materials and start the operation of inputting high-voltage air flow after the vacuum pump operates for three minutes;
the microwave setting interface can be accessed after the button marked by the character string microwave setting is pressed; the buttons marked by the character strings 'first group' and 'second group' … … can be clicked on the microwave setting interface to select each group of microwave magnetrons corresponding to the character strings to be started, namely, after the button marked by the character string 'low-voltage switch' on the main control picture is pressed, the PLC then switches on the alternating current contactor connected in series with each group of microwave magnetrons corresponding to the character strings, so that each group of microwave magnetrons corresponding to the character strings emit microwaves to heat.
And 5: when the actual temperature of the materials collected and transmitted to the PLC and the touch screen by the infrared thermometer is equal to the set temperature of the materials, the PLC automatically controls to disconnect the alternating current contactors connected with the corresponding microwave magnetrons in series so as to prevent the microwave magnetrons from emitting microwaves for heating and realize automatic temperature control;
furthermore, when the actual temperature of the material needs to be observed accurately in the drying process of the microwave vacuum drying device, a button marked by a character string 'purge valve on' can be pressed in a main control picture, so that an instruction can be sent to the PLC to control the purge valve to be opened, air enters at a temperature measuring point of the infrared thermometer, steam generated by heating is blown away, and temperature measuring infrared rays sent by the infrared thermometer are directly aligned with the material to measure the temperature.
Furthermore, a manual regulating valve is also arranged on a second pipeline communicated with the vacuum drying cavity, and the vacuum degree in the vacuum drying cavity can be adjusted in a floating way within the range of-0.08 MPa to 0.04 MPa;
after the drying process of the microwave vacuum drying device is finished, a button marked by the character string 'return' is clicked on a master control picture, an instruction can be sent to enable the PLC to turn off the vacuum pump, then the button marked by the character string 'gulp valve start' is pressed, clean air enters the vacuum drying cavity, the atmospheric pressure inside and outside the cavity is balanced, the sealed door of the vacuum drying cavity can be opened at the moment, the material is taken out, and the work is finished.
Further, when the accident condition that the closed door is not closed, the motor transmission is stopped, the vacuum pump is stopped or the actual temperature of the material is higher than the set temperature of the material occurs, the PLC controls the AC contactor connected with the microwave magnetron in series to be fully turned off and generates an alarm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. heating is rapid: microwave heating is different from the traditional heating mode, and a heat conduction process is not needed. The heating temperature can be reached in a very short time.
2. Heating uniformly: no matter what the shape of each part of the object is, the surface and the inside of the object can be simultaneously and uniformly permeated with electromagnetic waves (microwaves) to generate heat energy. Unlike the traditional heating method, the phenomenon of external heat and internal heat can be generated.
3. Energy conservation and high efficiency: since the substance containing moisture easily absorbs microwaves to generate heat, there is almost no loss other than a small amount of transmission loss. Therefore, the heat efficiency is high and the energy is saved. It saves more than one third of energy compared with far infrared heating.
4. Mildew prevention, sterilization and fresh keeping: the microwave heating has thermal and biological effects, and can sterilize and prevent mildew at lower temperature. Because the oxidation and decomposition of organic components in the materials are avoided under the vacuum state, the heating speed is high, the heating time is short, and the activity of the materials and the vitamins, the original color and the original nutritional components in the food can be furthest preserved.
5. Easy control: immediate heating and termination can be achieved as long as the microwave power is controlled.
6. Safety and harmlessness: since the microwave is controlled to work in the container and the waveguide made of metal, the leakage of the microwave is effectively prevented. No radioactive ray harm and harmful gas emission, no waste heat and dust pollution, no food pollution and no environmental pollution.
In addition, the defects of long vacuum drying period and low efficiency generally existing in the vacuum drying device in the prior art when the materials are subjected to vacuum drying are effectively overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a display screen on a touch screen when the touch screen is turned on.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a main control screen according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a temperature profile of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a microwave setting screen according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an internal schematic view of the microwave vacuum drying apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an external view schematically showing a microwave vacuum drying apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the material carousel mechanism of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Microwaves are electromagnetic waves having a frequency of 300MHz to 300 GHz. The water molecules in the heated medium material are polar molecules, and under the action of the rapidly-changing high-frequency electromagnetic field, the polar orientation of the polar molecules is changed along with the change of the external electric field, so that the movement and mutual friction effect of the molecules, namely the heating effect, is caused. Microwave heating (the frequency of a magnetron is 2450 MHz) mainly heats water molecules, so that the water molecules cause strong polar oscillation friction under the action of a microwave alternating electromagnetic field to generate heat, thereby achieving the purpose of drying materials. The process acts on organisms, the capacitive cell membrane structure is broken, or hydrogen bonds between cell molecules are loosened, and the like, so that the living environment of the most basic unit of bacteria, namely the cell, is seriously damaged to die, and the aim of sterilization is fulfilled. Thus, microwave heating techniques are generally applied to moisture-containing media. The animal and plant materials are basically water-containing media, so the microwave heating technology is mostly applied to the processing industries of food and medicine (particularly Chinese herbal medicines). Of course, the method also has application in chemical industry, metallurgy and other industries. At present, microwave heating is a new technology which has received high attention and application development in various subject fields.
The microwave vacuum drying device is a novel microwave energy application device combining a microwave energy technology and a vacuum technology, has a series of advantages of microwave and vacuum drying, overcomes the defects of long period and low efficiency of conventional vacuum drying, and has the advantages of high drying yield, good quality, low processing cost and the like in the drying process of common materials. The microwave vacuum drying device is a high and new technology product integrating the disciplines of electronics, vacuum, machinery, heat and the like.
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the microwave vacuum drying apparatus includes:
the microwave drying device comprises a microwave generator 1, a vacuum drying cavity 2, a material turntable mechanism, a vacuum system and a control system, wherein the vacuum drying cavity is made of stainless steel and can meet the GMP standard of pharmaceutical equipment; the whole microwave vacuum drying device adopts a modular design, and is convenient to clean, assemble, disassemble and maintain.
The microwave generator 1 comprises microwave magnetrons and microwave transformers electrically connected with the microwave magnetrons, and an alternating current contactor is connected between each group of microwave magnetrons and the microwave transformers in series; the method is characterized by flexible power selection, uniform heating and simple and convenient operation; the microwave transformer can boost 220V alternating current into 2300V high-voltage alternating current, and then the current is rectified into 4600V direct current through the capacitor and the diode and supplied to the microwave magnetron, the magnetron is driven by the high-voltage direct current to convert electric energy into frequency which is an electromagnetic field, so that articles placed into the microwave magnetron are effectively heated, the heating is more uniform, and the heating rate is higher; the microwave magnetron is produced by Samsung corporation, has stable performance and long service life; the microwave transformer adopts oil immersion water cooling type, is easy to maintain and has low failure rate. The microwave generator consists of a plurality of control circuits which are independently powered, and each microwave magnetron is connected in series with an independent short circuit and overload prevention protection device such as a fuse and can respectively work according to the needs of users;
the vacuum drying cavity 2 is a cuboid hollow container, is processed by stainless steel and meets the national GMP sanitary standard. The microwave generator and the material turntable mechanism are both arranged in the vacuum drying cavity;
the material turntable mechanism is made of polypropylene materials, so that the materials move circularly in the vacuum drying cavity, the uniformity of the materials in each material containing tray on the material turntable mechanism is ensured, and a good microwave drying effect is ensured.
The material turntable mechanism comprises a motor 3 and a cage type frame 4; a rotating shaft 5 is penetratingly arranged in the center of the cage-type frame 4, and the rotating shaft 5 is connected with the output end of the motor 3 through a coupler;
and a containing disc 6 is uniformly arranged on the cage-type frame 4 in a surrounding manner, and the containing disc 6 is used for containing materials.
The top of the containing tray 6 is provided with a baffle plate, and the baffle plate is used for blocking materials to prevent the materials from falling off from the containing tray 6.
The control system is arranged beside the vacuum drying cavity 2 and comprises a PLC touch screen, the PLC touch screen is controlled by a foreign advanced touch screen in a programming way, an infrared radiation thermometer which is electrically connected with the PLC in the PLC touch screen and is used as an infrared thermometer is arranged in the vacuum drying cavity 2 for measuring temperature, the motor 3 and the alternating current contactor are also electrically connected with the PLC in the PLC touch screen, the temperature measurement is accurate, and the performance is stable; the PLC touch screen can be provided with temperature control points, so that automatic temperature adjustment can be realized, the vacuum degree can be continuously adjusted, and the quality of products can be accurately controlled.
The PLC touch screen comprises a color touch screen and a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) which are electrically connected with each other, and the device adopts a Japanese Fuji color touch screen as a human-computer interface; a Japanese Panasonic FP0R series programmable controller (PLC for short) is used as a control unit; the German import infrared thermometer realizes the automatic adjustment of the system temperature and power. The device adopts PLC control, and the system reliability is fully ensured. The production process can be memorized, the continuous or interval production can be realized by only setting the process parameters for the same material once, and the operation is convenient for operators to use, so that the production efficiency is improved. The microwave magnetrons can be selected in groups according to the power requirement, so that alternate work is realized, and the service life is prolonged; and the microwave magnetrons of the corresponding group can be automatically started or stopped according to the requirements of materials, so that the operation is convenient, and the pollution is reduced.
Displaying by a touch screen: the set technological parameters including the starting, stopping, working state, total power of the device and the like of the microwave magnetron can be operated on the touch screen, and the operation is convenient, intuitive and reliable. The touch screen not only displays the state of the device, but also can output high-temperature alarm and fault signals and display corresponding fault pictures. The PLC can adjust the microwave output power according to the temperature. The automation degree of the device control is improved. The starting and stopping of each group of microwave magnetrons can be completed on the touch screen, so that the microwave magnetron is convenient and safe. The start and stop of the microwave magnetron realize the grouping control by controlling the on-off of the alternating current contactor through the output signal of the PLC, thereby ensuring the stable performance of the device, long service life and low failure rate.
The front wall of the vacuum drying cavity 2 is hinged with a sealing door, and a hand wheel lock is arranged on the sealing door 11.
The microwave vacuum drying device further comprises:
the vacuum drying device comprises a vacuum pump 7 and a vacuum pipeline 8 which are electrically connected with the PLC, wherein the vacuum pump 7 is arranged on the vacuum pipeline 8, one end of the vacuum pipeline 8 is communicated with the inside of the vacuum drying cavity 2, the other end of the vacuum pipeline 8 is connected with a storage tank 9 arranged beside the vacuum drying cavity 2, and a vacuum meter 10 electrically connected with the PLC is arranged in the vacuum drying cavity 2.
A drying process of a microwave vacuum drying device comprises the following steps:
step 1: starting up, the starting up comprises:
feeding materials (the materials contained on each containing tray do not exceed 5 kg/tray at most) into a vacuum drying cavity, uniformly spreading the materials, and closing a sealed door after confirming that the materials are correct;
closing a power supply, unscrewing an emergency stop button connected in series between a PLC and the power supply, pressing a start button with a green indicator lamp and arranged between the power supply and the PLC, and between a touch screen and an infrared thermometer, wherein the green indicator lamp in the start button is on, and the PLC, the touch screen and the infrared thermometer are powered on, and the name and the manufacturer of the microwave vacuum drying device are displayed and marked on the touch screen, and the example can be shown in FIG. 1;
step 2: the method for entering the main operation interface of the touch screen comprises the following steps:
the main control picture shown in figure 2 can be turned over by clicking any position of the touch screen;
in the main control picture, a text box marked by a character string 'program number' is a program number of a currently used drying process; the current actual temperature in the vacuum drying cavity transmitted by the infrared thermometer through the PLC is in a text box marked by a character string 'material current temperature'; the material temperature can be set as required in an edit box marked by a character string 'material temperature setting'; the time required for microwave heating after the microwave generator is started is indicated in an edit box by the character string "run time setting"; the text box marked by the character string 'running time' is the accumulated working running time of the microwave generator after the microwave generator is started; the text box marked by the character string 'microwave power' is the current actual input power, and the current actual input power can be collected by the ammeter and transmitted to the touch screen through the PLC through the ammeter which is electrically connected with the PLC in series on a circuit of the power supply; the temperature return difference is set as the amplitude difference range between the upper temperature limit and the set temperature in the heating process; the button marked by the character string 'monitoring switch' is used for pressing the button to transmit an instruction to the PLC to turn on the monitor, and when the monitoring duration reaches the preset time, the monitor is automatically powered off; when the monitor is required to be opened, the monitor can be opened by pressing a button marked by a character string 'monitoring switch';
in addition, when the PLC controls and switches on the ac contactor to operate the microwave generator, the temperature change in the vacuum drying cavity may be visually displayed on a temperature curve screen of the touch screen according to the time change by using the temperature value transmitted from the infrared thermometer, as shown in fig. 3, where the abscissa of the curve is a time point and the ordinate is a temperature value.
And step 3: parameter setting, the parameter setting includes:
after entering a main control picture, firstly setting the temperature of a material on the main control picture, pressing a position needing data input in an edit box marked by a character string 'material temperature setting', popping a digital input keyboard on the picture, inputting a temperature value to be set on the digital keyboard, clicking a confirmation key marked by a character string 'ENT' on the digital keyboard to transmit the input parameter to the interior of the PLC, clearing the input data by the confirmation key marked by the character string 'CLR' on the digital keyboard, and cancelling the input data by a cancellation key marked by a character string 'ESC' on the digital keyboard; other settable parameters on the main control picture operate in the same way; after the parameters are set, please click a button marked by a character string 'program save', input a program number to be saved on a popped small keyboard, click a key marked by a character string 'ENT' on a numeric keyboard, then click a save button on the right lower part of a touch screen, and then convey the input parameters to the interior of the PLC for saving;
and 4, step 4: a manual operation, the manual operation comprising:
the buttons respectively marked by the character strings of a low-voltage switch, a transmission switch, a vacuum pump start and a high-voltage switch are pressed in sequence on the main control picture, so that the buttons can respectively send instructions to a PLC to control the conduction of an alternating current contactor connected in series with a microwave magnetron to enable the microwave magnetron to emit microwaves to heat and dry materials, control the operation of a motor to drive the materials in a containing disc 6 on the cage frame to rotate, control the operation of a vacuum pump to extract air flow in a vacuum drying cavity so as to exhaust moisture emitted from the materials and start the operation of inputting high-voltage air flow after the vacuum pump operates for three minutes; the operation of opening input high-pressure air current is mainly through the one end that the intercommunication has high-pressure pipeline on the vacuum drying chamber, has the solenoid valve of being connected with the PLC electricity on this high-pressure pipeline, and this high-pressure pipeline's the other end still with store the nitrogen gas jar intercommunication of high-pressure nitrogen gas, just so can open or close the solenoid valve under PLC's control and let high-pressure air current send into the vacuum drying chamber respectively or prevent that high-pressure air current from flowing into the vacuum drying case.
The microwave setting interface shown in fig. 4 can be entered after pressing the button marked by the character string "microwave setting"; the buttons marked by the character strings 'first group' and 'second group' … … can be clicked on the microwave setting interface to select each group of microwave magnetrons corresponding to the character strings to be started, namely, after the button marked by the character string 'low-voltage switch' on the main control picture is pressed, the PLC then switches on the alternating current contactor connected in series with each group of microwave magnetrons corresponding to the character strings, so that each group of microwave magnetrons corresponding to the character strings emit microwaves to heat.
And 5: when the actual temperature of the materials collected and transmitted to the PLC and the touch screen by the infrared thermometer is equal to the set temperature of the materials, the PLC automatically controls to disconnect the alternating current contactors connected with the corresponding microwave magnetrons in series so as to prevent the microwave magnetrons from emitting microwaves for heating and realize automatic temperature control;
when the accurate actual temperature of the material needs to be observed in the drying process of the microwave vacuum drying device, a button marked by a character string 'purge valve open' can be pressed in a main control picture, so that an instruction can be sent to the PLC to control the purge valve to be opened, air enters at a temperature measuring point of the infrared thermometer from this, steam generated by heating is blown away, and temperature measuring infrared rays sent by the infrared thermometer are directly aligned with the material to measure the temperature. The infrared thermometer can be arranged on the cage frame, and an infrared emission end of the infrared thermometer faces the material. The purging valve is arranged on a first pipeline communicated with the vacuum drying cavity, the purging valve is electrically connected with the PLC, one end of the first pipeline directly extends to the side of a temperature measuring point of the infrared thermometer, and the other end of the first pipeline extends out of the vacuum drying cavity.
A second pipeline communicated with the vacuum drying cavity is also provided with a manual regulating valve which can regulate the vacuum degree in the vacuum drying cavity in a floating way within the range of-0.08 MPa to 0.04 MPa; during specific adjustment, the vacuum degree in the vacuum drying cavity collected by the vacuum meter is transmitted to the touch screen through the PLC to be displayed, so that the manual adjusting valve is adjusted and operated according to the reference.
After the drying process of the microwave vacuum drying device is finished, a button marked by the character string 'return' is clicked on a master control picture, an instruction can be sent to enable the PLC to turn off the vacuum pump, then the button marked by the character string 'gulp valve start' is pressed, clean air enters the vacuum drying cavity, the atmospheric pressure inside and outside the cavity is balanced, the sealed door of the vacuum drying cavity can be opened at the moment, the material is taken out, and the work is finished. And a third pipeline communicated with the vacuum drying cavity is provided with an air compensating valve which is electrically connected with the PLC, and a filter screen is arranged in the third pipeline and used for ensuring that the fed air is clean.
When the accident condition including that the airtight door is not closed, the motor transmission is stopped, the vacuum pump is stopped or the actual temperature of the material is higher than the set temperature of the material occurs, the PLC controls the AC contactor connected in series with the microwave magnetron to be fully disconnected and generates an alarm; the alarm signal may be an alarm picture that may be automatically displayed on the touch screen. The closed door is not closed well, a proximity switch electrically connected with the PL can be arranged on the closed door, if the closed door is not closed firmly, the proximity switch can not be conducted, if the closed door is closed firmly, the proximity switch can be conducted, and therefore whether the closed door is closed firmly can be judged through whether signals transmitted to the PLC by the proximity switch are conducted or not.
The present invention has been described in an illustrative manner by the embodiments above, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above, but is capable of various changes, modifications and substitutions without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A microwave vacuum drying apparatus, comprising:
the device comprises a microwave generator, a vacuum drying cavity, a material turntable mechanism, a vacuum system and a control system;
the microwave generator comprises microwave magnetrons and microwave transformers electrically connected with the microwave magnetrons, and an alternating current contactor is connected between each group of microwave magnetrons and the microwave transformers in series; each microwave magnetron is connected in series with an independent short circuit and overload prevention protection device;
the vacuum drying cavity is a hollow container, and the microwave generator and the material turntable mechanism are both arranged in the vacuum drying cavity;
the material turntable mechanism enables the materials to do circular motion in the vacuum drying cavity.
2. A microwave vacuum drying apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the material carousel mechanism comprises a motor and a cage frame; a rotating shaft is penetratingly arranged in the center of the cage type frame and is connected with the output end of the motor through a coupler;
encircle and be in evenly be provided with holding tray on the cage frame, holding tray is used for holding the material.
3. A microwave vacuum drying apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a baffle is provided on the top of the tray for blocking the material from falling out of the tray.
4. A microwave vacuum drying device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control system is arranged beside the vacuum drying chamber, the control system comprises a PLC touch screen, an infrared radiation thermometer which is electrically connected with the PLC in the PLC touch screen and is used as an infrared thermometer is arranged in the vacuum drying chamber, and the motor and the AC contactor are also electrically connected with the PLC in the PLC touch screen.
5. A microwave vacuum drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a sealing door is hinged on the front wall of the vacuum drying chamber, and a hand wheel lock is provided on the sealing door.
6. A microwave vacuum drying apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the microwave vacuum drying apparatus further comprises:
the vacuum drying device comprises a vacuum pump and a vacuum pipeline which are electrically connected with the PLC, wherein the vacuum pump is arranged on the vacuum pipeline, one end of the vacuum pipeline is communicated with the inside of the vacuum drying cavity, the other end of the vacuum pipeline is connected with a storage tank which is arranged beside the vacuum drying cavity, and a vacuum meter which is electrically connected with the PLC is arranged in the vacuum drying cavity.
7. A drying process of a microwave vacuum drying device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: starting up, the starting up comprises:
feeding the materials into a vacuum drying cavity, uniformly spreading the materials, and closing a sealing door after confirming that the materials are correct;
turning off an emergency stop button connected in series between the PLC and a power supply, pressing a start button with a green indicator lamp and arranged between the power supply and the PLC, and between the touch screen and the infrared thermometer, wherein the green indicator lamp in the start button is on, the PLC, the touch screen and the infrared thermometer are powered on, and the name and the manufacturer of the microwave vacuum drying device are displayed and marked on the touch screen;
step 2: the method for entering the main operation interface of the touch screen comprises the following steps:
clicking any position of the touch screen to turn to a main control picture;
and step 3: parameter setting, the parameter setting includes:
after entering a main control picture, firstly setting the temperature of a material on the main control picture, pressing a position needing data input in an edit box marked by a character string 'material temperature setting', popping a digital input keyboard on the picture, inputting a temperature value to be set on the digital keyboard, clicking a confirmation key marked by a character string 'ENT' on the digital keyboard to transmit the input parameter to the interior of the PLC, clearing the input data by the confirmation key marked by the character string 'CLR' on the digital keyboard, and cancelling the input data by a cancellation key marked by a character string 'ESC' on the digital keyboard; other settable parameters on the main control picture operate in the same way; after the parameters are set, please click a button marked by a character string 'program save', input a program number to be saved on a popped small keyboard, click a key marked by a character string 'ENT' on a numeric keyboard, then click a save button on the right lower part of a touch screen, and transmit the input parameters to the interior of the PLC for saving;
and 4, step 4: a manual operation, the manual operation comprising:
the buttons respectively marked by the character strings of a low-voltage switch, a transmission switch, a vacuum pump start and a high-voltage switch are pressed in sequence on the main control picture, so that the buttons can respectively send instructions to a PLC to control the conduction of an alternating current contactor connected in series with a microwave magnetron to enable the microwave magnetron to emit microwaves to heat and dry materials, control the operation of a motor to drive the materials in a containing disc 6 on the cage frame to rotate, control the operation of a vacuum pump to extract air flow in a vacuum drying cavity so as to exhaust moisture emitted from the materials and start the operation of inputting high-voltage air flow after the vacuum pump operates for three minutes;
the microwave setting interface can be accessed after the button marked by the character string microwave setting is pressed; the buttons marked by the character strings 'first group' and 'second group' … … can be clicked on the microwave setting interface to select each group of microwave magnetrons corresponding to the character strings to be started, namely, after the button marked by the character string 'low-voltage switch' on the main control picture is pressed, the PLC then switches on the alternating current contactor connected in series with each group of microwave magnetrons corresponding to the character strings, so that each group of microwave magnetrons corresponding to the character strings emit microwaves to heat;
and 5: when the actual temperature of the materials collected and transmitted to the PLC and the touch screen by the infrared thermometer is equal to the set temperature of the materials, the PLC automatically controls to disconnect the alternating current contactors connected with the corresponding microwave magnetrons in series, so that the microwave magnetrons are prevented from emitting microwaves to heat, and the automatic temperature control is realized.
8. The drying process of the microwave vacuum drying device according to claim 7, wherein when the actual temperature of the material needs to be observed accurately in the drying process of the microwave vacuum drying device, a button marked by a character string "purge valve on" can be pressed in the main control picture, which can send a command to the PLC to control the purge valve to open, so that air enters at the temperature measuring point of the infrared thermometer, steam generated by heating is blown away, and temperature measuring infrared rays emitted by the infrared thermometer directly aim at the material to measure the temperature.
9. The drying process of the microwave vacuum drying device according to claim 7, wherein a second pipeline communicated with the vacuum drying chamber is further provided with a manual regulating valve, so that the vacuum degree in the vacuum drying chamber can be adjusted in a floating manner within a range of-0.08 Mpa-0.04 Mpa;
after the drying process of the microwave vacuum drying device is finished, a button marked by the character string 'return' is clicked on a master control picture, an instruction can be sent to enable the PLC to turn off the vacuum pump, then the button marked by the character string 'gulp valve start' is pressed, clean air enters the vacuum drying cavity, the atmospheric pressure inside and outside the cavity is balanced, the sealed door of the vacuum drying cavity can be opened at the moment, the material is taken out, and the work is finished.
10. The drying process of the microwave vacuum drying device according to claim 7, wherein when an unexpected situation occurs, including that the airtight door is not closed, the motor transmission is stopped, the vacuum pump is stopped, or the actual temperature of the material is greater than the set temperature of the material, the PLC controls the AC contactor connected in series with the microwave magnetron to be fully turned off and generates an alarm;
in the main control picture, a text box marked by a character string 'program number' is a program number of a currently used drying process; the current actual temperature in the vacuum drying cavity transmitted by the infrared thermometer through the PLC is in a text box marked by a character string 'material current temperature'; the material temperature can be set as required in an edit box marked by a character string 'material temperature setting'; the time required for microwave heating after the microwave generator is started is indicated in an edit box by the character string "run time setting"; the text box marked by the character string 'running time' is the accumulated working running time of the microwave generator after the microwave generator is started; the text box marked by the character string 'microwave power' is the current actual input power, and the current actual input power can be collected by the ammeter and transmitted to the touch screen through the PLC through the ammeter which is electrically connected with the PLC in series on a circuit of the power supply; the temperature return difference is set as the amplitude difference range between the upper temperature limit and the set temperature in the heating process; the button marked by the character string 'monitoring switch' is used for pressing the button to transmit an instruction to the PLC to turn on the monitor, and when the monitoring duration reaches the preset time, the monitor is automatically powered off; when the monitor is required to be opened, the monitor can be opened by pressing a button marked by a character string 'monitoring switch';
in addition, when the PLC controls and switches on the ac contactor to operate the microwave generator, the temperature change in the vacuum drying cavity may be visually displayed on a temperature curve screen of the touch screen according to the time change by using the temperature value transmitted from the infrared thermometer, as shown in fig. 3, where the abscissa of the curve is a time point and the ordinate is a temperature value.
CN202011054533.XA 2020-09-30 2020-09-30 Microwave vacuum drying device and drying process thereof Pending CN112229171A (en)

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