CN112224053A

CN112224053A - Energy conversion device, power system and vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN112224053A
Application number: CN201910582135.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王超; 梁树林; 刘宇; 滕景翠
Original assignee: BYD Co Ltd
Current assignee: BYD Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-06-30
Filing date: 2019-06-30
Publication date: 2021-01-15
Anticipated expiration: 2039-06-30
Also published as: CN112224053B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electronics, and provides an energy conversion device, a power system and a vehicle, wherein the energy conversion device comprises: an inductor, one end of which is connected with an external charging port; the bridge arm converter is connected between the external motor and the external battery and comprises a first bidirectional H bridge and a bidirectional bridge arm connected with the first bidirectional H bridge in parallel, and the first bidirectional H bridge is respectively connected with the external charging port and the other end of the inductor; a half-bridge arm connected in parallel with the arm converter; the input end of the voltage transformation unit is respectively connected with the bidirectional bridge arm and the half-bridge arm; and a second bidirectional H-bridge connected between the output terminal of the voltage transformation unit and the external battery. When the device is applied to a vehicle, the bridge arm converter can be reused in the processes of motor driving and battery charging of the vehicle, and the circuit integration level is improved, so that the circuit cost is reduced, the circuit volume is reduced, and the problems of low overall circuit integration level, large volume and high cost of the conventional motor driving and charging system are solved.

Description

Energy conversion device, power system and vehicle

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of electronics, and especially relates to an energy conversion device, a power system and a vehicle.

Background

In recent years, with the continuous development of electric vehicle technology, the market acceptance of electric vehicles is continuously improved, and battery charging and motor driving are widely concerned as core technologies in electric vehicles. At present, a battery charging circuit and a motor driving circuit in the existing electric automobile on the market are generally separated, the battery charging circuit is used for charging the battery of the electric automobile, the motor driving circuit is used for driving the motor of the electric automobile, and the two circuits are mutually independent and independent.

However, although the battery charging and motor driving processes of the electric vehicle can be completed by using two circuits respectively, the two circuits in the above method are independent of each other, so that the control circuit including the battery charging circuit and the motor driving circuit has a complicated structure, a low integration level, a large volume and a high cost.

In summary, the prior art has the problems of complex structure, low integration level, large volume and high cost of the overall control circuit including the battery charging circuit and the motor driving circuit.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide an energy conversion device, a power system and a vehicle, and aims to solve the problems that the existing overall control circuit comprising a battery charging circuit and a motor driving circuit is complex in structure, low in integration level, large in size and high in cost.

The present application is achieved as an energy conversion apparatus, comprising:

an inductor, one end of which is connected with an external charging port;

the bridge arm converter is connected between the external motor and the external battery and comprises a first bidirectional H bridge and a bidirectional bridge arm connected with the first bidirectional H bridge in parallel, and the first bidirectional H bridge is respectively connected with the external charging port and the other end of the inductor;

a half-bridge arm connected in parallel with the arm converter;

the input end of the voltage transformation unit is respectively connected with the bidirectional bridge arm and the half-bridge arm;

a second bidirectional H-bridge connected between the output terminal of the voltage transformation unit and the external battery;

the external charging port is connected with the external battery through an inductor, the bridge arm converter, a half-bridge arm, a voltage transformation unit and a second bidirectional H bridge;

the external battery drives the external motor through the energy conversion device, the external charging port is externally connected with the power supply, and the external battery is charged through the energy conversion device.

Another object of the present application is to provide a power system, which includes the above energy conversion device and a control module, wherein the energy conversion device includes:

the vehicle-mounted charging module comprises an inductor, and one end of the inductor is connected with an external charging port;

the motor control module comprises a bridge arm converter, the bridge arm converter is connected between an external battery and an external motor, the bridge arm converter comprises a first bidirectional H bridge and a bidirectional bridge arm, and the first bidirectional H bridge is respectively connected with the external charging port, the bidirectional bridge arm and the other end of the inductor;

the half-bridge module comprises a half-bridge arm, and the half-bridge arm is connected with the bridge arm converter in parallel;

the bidirectional DC/DC module comprises a transformation unit and a second bidirectional H bridge, wherein the input end of the transformation unit is respectively connected with the bidirectional bridge arm and the half-bridge arm, the output end of the transformation unit is connected with one end of the second bidirectional H bridge, and the other end of the second bidirectional H bridge is connected with an external battery;

the control module is used for controlling a driving circuit formed by an external battery, the bridge arm converter and an external motor, and is used for controlling an external charging port, the bridge arm converter, the half-bridge arm, the voltage transformation unit and the second bidirectional H-bridge to form a charging circuit for charging the external battery.

It is another object of the present application to provide an energy conversion device, which includes:

the charging connection end group comprises a first charging connection end and a second charging connection end;

an inductor, one end of which is connected with the first charging connection end;

the bridge arm converter comprises a first bidirectional H bridge and a bidirectional bridge arm connected with the first bidirectional H bridge in parallel, the first bidirectional H bridge is respectively connected with the second charging connecting end and the other end of the inductor, and the bidirectional bridge arm is connected with the voltage transformation unit;

the driving output connection end group comprises a first driving output connection end, a second driving output connection end and a third driving output connection end, the first driving output connection end and the second driving output connection end are respectively connected with the first bidirectional H bridge, and the third driving output connection end is connected with the bidirectional bridge arm;

a half-bridge arm connected in parallel with the arm converter;

the second bidirectional H bridge is connected with the output end of the voltage transformation unit;

and the energy storage connecting end group comprises a first energy storage connecting end and a second energy storage connecting end, the first energy storage connecting end is respectively connected with the bridge arm converter and the second bidirectional H bridge, and the second energy storage connecting end is respectively connected with the bridge arm converter and the second bidirectional H bridge.

the vehicle-mounted charging module comprises an inductor and a charging connecting end group, the charging connecting end group comprises a first charging connecting end and a second charging connecting end, and one end of the inductor is connected with the first charging connecting end;

the motor control module comprises a first bidirectional H bridge, a bidirectional bridge arm and a drive output connection end group, wherein the first bidirectional H bridge is connected with the bidirectional bridge arm in parallel, the first bidirectional H bridge is respectively connected with the second charging connection end and the other end of the inductor, the bidirectional bridge arm is connected with the voltage transformation unit, the drive output connection end group comprises a first drive output connection end, a second drive output connection end and a third drive output connection end, the first drive output connection end and the second drive output connection end are respectively connected with the first bidirectional H bridge, and the third drive output connection end is connected with the bidirectional bridge arm;

the bidirectional DC/DC module comprises a transformation unit, a second bidirectional H bridge and an energy storage connecting end group, wherein the input end of the transformation unit is respectively connected with a bidirectional bridge arm and a half-bridge arm, the output end of the transformation unit is connected with one end of the second bidirectional H bridge, the energy storage connecting end group comprises a first energy storage connecting end and a second energy storage connecting end, the first energy storage connecting end is respectively connected with a bridge arm converter and the second bidirectional H bridge, and the second energy storage connecting end is respectively connected with the bridge arm converter and the second bidirectional H bridge.

Another object of the present application is to provide a vehicle including the power system described above.

The energy conversion device can work in a driving mode and a charging mode in a time-sharing mode by adopting an inductor, a bridge arm converter, a half-bridge arm, a voltage transformation unit and a second bidirectional H bridge in the energy conversion device, when the energy conversion device is used for driving an external motor, an external battery, the bridge arm converter and the external motor form a driving circuit for driving the external motor, and when the energy conversion device is used for charging, an external charging port, the inductor, the bridge arm converter, the half-bridge arm, the voltage transformation unit and the second bidirectional H bridge form a charging loop for charging the external battery, so that the bridge arm converter is multiplexed in the driving circuit and the charging circuit, the circuit structure is simplified, the integration level is improved, the purposes of volume reduction and cost reduction are achieved, and the problems that the existing overall control circuit comprising the external battery charging circuit and the external motor driving circuit is complex in structure and the existing external battery charging circuit and external motor driving circuit is complex in structure and low, Low integration level, large volume and high cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a portion of an apparatus provided in a first embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of another part of the apparatus provided in the first embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of an apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another circuit structure of a circuit provided in the second embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of an apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of an apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another circuit structure of the apparatus provided in the fourth embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 10 is a schematic circuit diagram of an apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another circuit structure of the apparatus provided in the fifth embodiment of the present application;

fig. 12 is a schematic circuit diagram of an apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of another circuit structure of an apparatus provided in the sixth embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 14 is a schematic circuit diagram of an apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 15 is a schematic circuit diagram of an apparatus according to an eighth embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 16 is a schematic circuit diagram of an apparatus according to a ninth embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of another circuit structure of an apparatus according to a ninth embodiment of the present application;

fig. 18 is a schematic circuit diagram of an apparatus according to a tenth embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of an operating principle of the apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of another operational principle of the apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a modular configuration of a powertrain provided in an eleventh embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 22 is a schematic view of a mold structure of an apparatus according to a twelfth embodiment of the present application;

fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of a partial circuit structure of an apparatus provided in a thirteenth embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of a modular configuration of a powertrain system provided in a fourteenth embodiment of the present application;

fig. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of a power system provided in a fifteenth embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

Implementations of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the following detailed drawings:

fig. 1 to 3 show a module structure and a partial circuit structure of an energy conversion device 1 provided in a first embodiment of the present application, and for convenience of explanation, only parts related to the present embodiment are shown, which are detailed as follows:

as shown in fig. 1, an energy conversion apparatus 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes an inductor 11, an arm converter 12, a half-bridge arm 13, a transformer unit 14, and a second bidirectional H-bridge 15.

Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the bridge arm converter 12 includes a first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and a bidirectional bridge arm 122 connected in sequence. One end of the external charging port 2 is connected with one end of the inductor 11, and the other end of the external charging port 2 is connected with the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 in the bridge arm converter 12; the other end of the inductor 11 is connected to a first bidirectional H-bridge 121 in the bridge arm converter 12; the bridge arm inverter 12 is connected between the external battery 3 and the external motor 4; a first bidirectional H bridge 121 in the bridge arm converter 12, a bidirectional bridge arm 122 in the bridge arm converter 12 and a half-bridge arm 13 are connected in parallel, the bidirectional bridge arm 122 is connected with one input end of the voltage transformation unit 14, and the half-bridge arm 13 is connected with the other input end of the voltage transformation unit 14; the input end of the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 is connected with the output end of the voltage transformation unit 14, and the output end of the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 is connected with the external battery 3.

The energy conversion device 1 operates in a driving mode and a charging mode in a time-sharing manner.

When the energy conversion device 1 operates in the driving mode, as shown in fig. 2, in the driving mode, the external battery 3, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, and the bidirectional bridge arm 13 form a driving circuit for driving the external motor 4, the external battery 3 supplies a direct current to the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and the bidirectional bridge arm 13, the first phase bridge arm 1211 in the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 converts the direct current into a three-phase alternating current, and inputs the three-phase alternating current into the external motor 4 to drive the external motor 4 to operate, and the external motor 4 outputs the alternating current, and converts the output direct current via the second phase bridge arm 1212 in the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and the bidirectional bridge arm 122 to return to the external battery 3.

When the energy conversion device 1 operates in the charging mode, as shown in fig. 3, in the charging mode, the external charging port 2, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the voltage transforming unit 14, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form a charging circuit that charges the external battery 3. As for the external charging port 2, in the above charging mode, the power supply from the external charging port 2 to the charging circuit may be an alternating current power supply.

When the charging port 2 supplies an ac power, as shown in fig. 3, the external charging port 2, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the transforming unit 14, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form an ac charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, at this time, the ac power output from the external charging port 2 is boosted and rectified by the inductor 11 and the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, and outputs a dc power, then the bidirectional arm 122 and the half-bridge arm 13 convert the dc power output from the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and output a high-frequency ac power, the transforming unit 14 converts the high-frequency ac power and outputs another high-frequency ac power, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 rectifies the high-frequency ac power output from the transforming unit 14 and outputs a dc power for charging the external battery 3.

Alternatively, the external charging port 2, the inductor 11, and the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 form an ac charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, and at this time, the ac power output from the external charging port 2 is boosted and rectified by the inductor 11 and the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, and the dc power is output to charge the external battery 3.

Wherein, for the inductor 11, in the above charging mode, the inductor 11 is used for storing and releasing electric energy.

For the bridge arm converter 12, the bridge arm converter 12 at least includes three-phase bridge arms connected in parallel, each phase of bridge arm is connected to the external battery 3 and the external motor 4, each phase of bridge arm includes two power switches connected in series, and in the driving mode, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and the bidirectional bridge arm 122 in the bridge arm converter 12 are used for converting the electric energy input by the external battery 3 and outputting three-phase alternating current to drive the external motor 4; in the charging mode, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 in the bridge arm converter 12 is used to convert the electric energy in the charging circuit and output a direct current, or output a high-frequency alternating current in cooperation with the half-bridge arm 13, and simultaneously increase the charging power to charge the external battery 3.

It should be noted that, referring to fig. 4, the bridge arm converter 12 in the present embodiment may also be another multiphase bridge arm converter, such as: a six-phase bridge arm converter. At this time, the arm converter 12 has six-phase arms, which are a first bidirectional H-bridge 121, a bidirectional arm 122, a seventh-phase arm, an eighth-phase arm, and a ninth-phase arm connected in parallel to each other, each of which is connected to the external battery 3 and the external motor 4, and each of which includes two power switches connected in series. As shown in fig. 4, the bridge arm connected to the transformer unit 14 is not limited to the bidirectional bridge arm 122 and the half-bridge arm 13, and may be another bridge arm capable of converting the dc power output from the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 into ac power, for example, the bidirectional bridge arm 122 and the seventh-phase bridge arm, and is not particularly limited here.

For the voltage transformation unit 14, in the above charging mode, the voltage transformation unit 14 is configured to convert an alternating current input in the charging loop into another alternating current for output, so as to implement isolation of circuits on both sides of the voltage transformation unit 14.

For the second bidirectional H-bridge 15, the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 at least includes two parallel-connected bridge arms, each bridge arm includes two power switches connected in series, and in the charging mode, the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 is configured to rectify the alternating current in the charging loop to output a direct current so as to charge the external battery 3.

In specific implementation, an ac power supply provides ac power to the energy conversion device 1 through the external charging port 2, and the ac power supply may be ac power generated by converting an external dc power supply or ac power output by an external charging pile, and is not limited herein.

In addition, it should be noted that, during specific operation, the energy conversion apparatus 1 may not only operate in the driving mode and the charging mode, but also various operating modes of the energy conversion apparatus 1 will be described in detail later, and will not be described again here.

In the embodiment, the energy conversion device 1 including the inductor 11, the bridge arm converter 12, the transforming unit 14 and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 is adopted, so that the energy conversion device 1 operates in the driving mode and the charging mode in a time-sharing manner, and when the energy conversion device 1 is used for driving the external motor 4, the external battery 3, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and the bidirectional bridge arm 122 form a driving circuit for driving the external motor 4; when the charging circuit is used for charging, the external charging port 2, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional bridge arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the voltage transformation unit 14 and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form a charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, or the external charging port 2, the inductor 11 and the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 form a charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, so that the bridge arm converter 12 is multiplexed in the driving circuit and the charging circuit, thereby simplifying the circuit structure, improving the integration level, further achieving the purposes of volume reduction and cost reduction, and solving the problems of complex structure, low integration level, large volume and high cost of the existing overall control circuit comprising the battery charging circuit and the motor driving circuit.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 5, external motor 4 includes a motor coil 41, first bidirectional H-bridge 121 in bridge arm inverter 12 includes a first phase bridge arm 1211 and a second phase bridge arm 1212, further, first phase bridge arm 1211 includes a first power switch Q1 and a second power switch Q2 connected in series, second phase bridge arm 1212 includes a third power switch Q3 and a fourth power switch Q4 connected in series, and bidirectional bridge arm 122 includes a fifth power switch Q5 and a sixth power switch Q6 connected in series.

Specifically, first midpoints of a first power switch Q1 and a second power switch Q2 are connected to the external charging port 2, second midpoints of a third power switch Q3 and a fourth power switch Q4 are connected to the inductor 11, third midpoints of a fifth power switch Q5 and a sixth power switch Q6 are connected to the transforming unit 14, a first end of a first power switch Q1, a first end of a third power switch Q3, and a first end of a fifth power switch Q5 are connected in common to form a first bus end of the bridge arm inverter 12, a second end of a second power switch Q2, a second end of a fourth power switch Q4, and a second end of a sixth power switch Q6 are connected in common to form a second bus end of the bridge arm inverter 12, the first bus end is connected to one end of the external battery 3, the second bus end is connected to the other end of the external battery 3, the first midpoint is connected to a first phase coil of the motor coil 41, and the second midpoint of the motor coil 41 is connected to a second phase coil, the third midpoint is connected to the third phase coil of the motor coil 41.

The first midpoint of the first power switch Q1 and the second power switch Q2 is a point located on a connection line between the first power switch Q1 and the second power switch Q2, and the external charging port 2 is simultaneously connected to the first power switch Q1 and the second power switch Q2 through the point.

In the present embodiment, the plurality of power switches of the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and the bidirectional arm 122 in the arm converter 12 may be implemented by devices capable of performing switching operations, such as power transistors, Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect transistors (MOSFETs), Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), and the like, in which diodes are connected in parallel.

Further, when the bridge arm converter 12 operates, the power switch in the first phase bridge arm 1211, the power switch in the second phase bridge arm 1212, and the power switch in the bidirectional bridge arm 122 receive control signals that differ by a preset phase; it should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the preset phase is preferably 120 degrees, and the preferred angle does not limit the preset phase.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, when the inductor 11 in the energy conversion device 1 receives the alternating current, the alternating current is rectified and converted into the direct current through the first Power switch Q1, the second Power switch Q2, the third Power switch Q3 and the fourth Power switch Q4 in the first bidirectional H bridge 121, and by switching on and off states of the third Power switch Q3 and the fourth Power switch Q4 in the first bidirectional H bridge 121, the inductor 11 can store and release the electric energy, so as to realize Power Factor Correction (PFC).

In the present embodiment, the three-phase arms of the arm converter 12 are controlled by the three-phase interleaved control operation method, so that the dc-side ripple is reduced and the charging power is increased during charging of the energy conversion device 1. In the charging mode, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 can convert ac power into dc power, the second phase arm 1212 of the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 can cooperate with the inductor 11 to complete PFC, the third power switch Q3 boosts the dc voltage and outputs the dc voltage, the power switch of the bidirectional arm 122 is controlled to cooperate with the half-bridge arm 13 to convert the dc power output from the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 into high-frequency ac power, and the three-phase arm of the arm converter 12 is controlled to convert electric energy input from the external battery 3 and adjust the voltage and current of the motor coil 41 to drive the external motor 4.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 6, the energy conversion apparatus 1 further includes a third capacitor C3, and the third capacitor C3 is connected between the first bus terminal and the second bus terminal.

Specifically, when the energy conversion device 1 is in the charging mode, the third capacitor C3 filters the voltage output by the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, and stores energy according to the voltage output by the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, so as to complete the charging process of the external battery 3. Meanwhile, when the energy conversion device 1 is in the drive mode, the third capacitor C3 performs filtering processing for the voltage input from the external battery 3 to the arm converter 12.

In the present embodiment, the third capacitor C3 is provided in the energy conversion device 1, so that the third capacitor C3 can store energy according to the voltage output by the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 in addition to filtering the voltage output by the bridge arm converter 12, so as to complete the charging of the external battery 3, thereby ensuring the normal charging function of the energy conversion device 1, ensuring that other noise does not interfere with the charging process, and filtering the voltage input to the bridge arm converter 12 when the energy conversion device 1 is in the driving mode.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 7, the half bridge arm 13 includes a first capacitor C1 and a second capacitor C2 connected in series.

Referring to fig. 7, the fourth midpoints of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are connected to the input terminal of the transforming unit 14.

Further, the bidirectional bridge arm 122 and the half-bridge arm 13 can be matched with each other to convert direct current into alternating current, when the bidirectional bridge arm 122 and the half-bridge arm 13 work in a matched manner, the fifth power switch Q5 is turned on, when the sixth power switch Q6 is turned off, direct current voltage forms a loop through the fifth power switch Q5 and the second capacitor C2 to output high-frequency alternating current positive waves to the voltage transformation unit 14, then the fifth power switch Q5 is turned off, the sixth power switch Q6 is pulled in, direct current voltage forms a loop through the sixth power switch Q6 and the first capacitor C1 to output high-frequency alternating current negative waves to the voltage transformation unit 14, the fifth power switch Q5 and the sixth power switch Q6 are alternately turned on and off to output high-frequency alternating current to the voltage transformation unit 14, and the process of converting direct current into alternating current is.

In this embodiment, the external charging port 2, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2, the transformer unit 14, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form a charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, at this time, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 outputs a direct current, the bidirectional arm 122 and the half-bridge arm 13 form a full-bridge circuit, the direct current is converted into an alternating current by switching on and off states of the fifth power switch Q5 and the sixth power switch Q6 in the bidirectional arm 122, and then the alternating current forms a direct current through the transformer unit 14 and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 to charge the external battery 3.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 8, the transforming unit 14 in the energy conversion apparatus 1 includes a primary coil T0 and a first secondary coil T1.

Referring to fig. 8, one end of the primary coil T0 is connected to the third midpoint, the other end of the primary coil T0 is connected to the fourth midpoint, and the first secondary coil T1 is connected to the second bidirectional H bridge 15, so that the charging port 2, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the primary coil T0, the first secondary coil T1, and the second bidirectional H bridge 15 form a charging circuit for charging the external battery 3.

In the present embodiment, by using the transformer unit 14 including the primary coil T0 and the first secondary coil T1, the input high-frequency ac power can be converted into another high-frequency ac power to be output in the charging circuit formed by the transformer unit, and the circuits on both sides of the transformer unit 14 are isolated, so as to avoid electrostatic interference between the circuits on both sides, and meanwhile, the bidirectional bridge arm 122 is multiplexed in the charging circuit and used in cooperation with the half-bridge arm 13 to convert the dc power into the ac power, so that the circuit structure is simplified, and the purposes of volume reduction and cost reduction are achieved.

Specifically, as an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 9, the energy conversion apparatus 1 further includes a first inductor L1 and a fourth capacitor C4.

Referring to fig. 9, a first inductor L1 is disposed between one side of the primary winding T0 and the third midpoint, and a fourth capacitor C4 is disposed between the other side of the primary winding T0 and the fourth midpoint.

In the present embodiment, the external charging port 2, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the first inductor L1, the fourth capacitor C4, the primary coil T0, the first secondary coil T1, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form a charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, and the first inductor L1 and the fourth capacitor C4 generate a resonance effect in the charging circuit to assist the power switches in the bidirectional arm 122 in realizing soft switching.

Specifically, as an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 9, the energy conversion device 1 further includes a second inductor L2 and a fifth capacitor C5.

Referring to fig. 9, a second inductor L2 is disposed between one side of the first secondary winding T1 and the second bidirectional H bridge 15, and a fifth capacitor is disposed between the second bidirectional H bridge 15 of the other side of the first secondary winding T1.

In this embodiment, the external charging port 2, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the first inductor L1, the fourth capacitor C4, the primary coil T0, the first secondary coil T1, the second inductor L2, the fifth capacitor C5, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form a charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, and the second inductor L1 and the fifth capacitor C5 generate a resonance effect in the charging circuit to assist the power switch in the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 to realize soft switching.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 10, the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 in the energy conversion apparatus 1 includes a third phase leg 151 and a fourth phase leg 152.

Specifically, third phase leg 151 includes seventh and eighth power switches Q7, Q8 connected in series, and fourth phase leg 152 includes ninth and tenth power switches Q9, Q10 connected in series.

The fifth midpoints of the seventh power switch Q7 and the eighth power switch Q8 are connected to one end of the first secondary coil T1, the sixth midpoints of the ninth power switch Q9 and the tenth power switch Q10 are connected to the other end of the first secondary coil T1, the first end of the seventh power switch Q7 and the first end of the ninth power switch Q9 are connected in common to form a third junction of the second bidirectional H-bridge 15, the second end of the eighth power switch Q8 and the second end of the tenth power switch Q10 are connected in common to form a fourth junction of the second bidirectional H-bridge 15, the third junction is connected to one end of the external battery 3, and the fourth junction is connected to the other end of the external battery 3.

In the present embodiment, external charging port 2, inductor 11, first bidirectional H-bridge 121, bidirectional arm 122, half-bridge arm 13, primary coil T0, first secondary coil T1, seventh power switch Q7, eighth power switch Q8, ninth power switch Q9, and tenth power switch Q10 form a charging circuit for charging external battery 3, wherein seventh power switch Q7, eighth power switch Q8, ninth power switch Q9, and tenth power switch Q10 form a full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the full-bridge rectifier circuit rectifies the high-frequency ac power output from first secondary coil T1 into dc power and outputs a dc voltage having high-frequency energy to charge external battery 3.

In the embodiment of the present application, the plurality of power switches in the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 may be implemented by devices that are connected in parallel with diodes and can perform switching operations, such as power transistors, Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect transistors (MOSFETs), Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), and other switching devices.

As an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 11, the energy conversion apparatus 1 further includes a sixth capacitor C6.

Further, a sixth capacitance C6 is disposed between the third bus terminal and the fourth bus terminal.

In the present embodiment, the external charging port 2, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the primary coil T0, the first secondary coil T1, the seventh power switch Q7, the eighth power switch Q8, the ninth power switch Q9, the tenth power switch Q10, and the sixth capacitor C6 form a charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, and the voltage output from the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 is filtered by the sixth capacitor C6 to charge the external battery 3.

Specifically, as an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 12, the voltage transforming unit 14 in the energy conversion device 1 further includes a second secondary winding T2.

Specifically, the second secondary winding T2 is connected to the battery or the vehicle-mounted discharge port via the third bidirectional H bridge 16, when the battery is charged, the external charge port 2, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the voltage transforming unit 14, and the third bidirectional H bridge 16 form a charge circuit for charging the battery, when the charge port 2 is connected to the charging device and the vehicle-mounted discharge port is connected to the electric device, the external charge port 2, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge 13, the voltage transforming unit 14, and the third bidirectional H bridge 16 form a charge circuit for the electric device, and when the charge port 2 is not connected to the charging device and the vehicle-mounted discharge port is connected to the electric device, the external battery 3, the second bidirectional H bridge 15, the voltage transforming unit 14, and the third bidirectional H bridge 16 form a charge circuit for the electric device, or the external battery 3, the inductor 11, the first, First bidirectional H-bridge 121, bidirectional leg 122, half-bridge leg 13, transformer unit 14, and third bidirectional H-bridge 16 form a charging circuit for the consumer.

In this embodiment, by using the transforming unit 14 including the primary coil T0, the first secondary coil T1, and the second secondary coil T2, when the energy conversion apparatus 1 operates, the external charging port 2, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the transforming unit 14, and the third bidirectional H-bridge 16 may form a battery charging loop or a vehicle discharging port loop to the battery or the vehicle discharging port, so that when the charging loop and the battery charging loop or the vehicle discharging port loop operate, mutual interference between the charging loop and the battery charging loop or the vehicle discharging port loop does not occur, thereby improving reliability of the circuit, and the external battery 3 may discharge the electric equipment connected to the vehicle discharging port, thereby increasing functions of the overall control circuit.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 13, the third bidirectional H-bridge 16 in the energy conversion apparatus 1 includes a fifth-phase arm 161 and a sixth-phase arm 162.

Specifically, fifth phase leg 161 includes eleventh and twelfth power switches Q11 and Q12 connected in series, and sixth phase leg 162 includes thirteenth and fourteenth power switches Q13 and Q14 connected in series.

The seventh middle points of the eleventh power switch Q11 and the twelfth power switch Q12 are connected to one end of the second secondary coil T2, the eighth middle points of the thirteenth power switch Q13 and the fourteenth power switch Q14 are connected to the other end of the second secondary coil T2, the first end of the eleventh power switch Q11 and the first end of the thirteenth power switch Q13 form a fifth junction end of the third bidirectional H bridge 16, the second end of the twelfth power switch Q12 and the second end of the fourteenth power switch Q14 form a sixth junction end of the third bidirectional H bridge 16, the fifth junction end is connected to one end of the battery or the vehicle discharge port, and the sixth junction end is connected to the other end of the battery or the vehicle discharge port.

In the present embodiment, in the battery charging circuit or the vehicle-mounted discharge port circuit including the external charging port 2, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the transformer unit 14, the third bidirectional H-bridge 16, and the battery or the vehicle-mounted discharge port, the third bidirectional H-bridge 16 including the fifth-phase arm 161 and the sixth-phase arm 162 is used, so that the ac power output from the second secondary coil T2 can be converted into the dc power to charge the battery or the vehicle-mounted discharge port.

In the embodiment of the present application, the plurality of power switches in the third bidirectional H-bridge 16 may be implemented by devices that are connected in parallel with diodes and can perform switching operations, such as power transistors, Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect transistors (MOSFETs), Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), and other switching devices.

Further, as an embodiment of the present invention, a capacitor may be disposed between the fifth bus terminal and the sixth bus terminal, so that the dc voltage output from the third bidirectional H-bridge 16 can be filtered and then supplied to the battery or the vehicle-mounted discharge port in a battery charging circuit or a vehicle-mounted discharge port circuit formed by the external charging port 2, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the transformer unit 14, the third bidirectional H-bridge 16, and the battery or the vehicle-mounted discharge port.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 14, the external charging port 2 is an ac charging port 21.

Specifically, one end of the ac charging port 21 is connected to the inductor 11, and the other end of the ac charging port 21 is connected to the first midpoint. At this time, the ac charging port 21, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the transformer unit 14, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form an ac charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, or the ac charging port 21, the inductor 11, and the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 form an ac charging circuit for charging the external battery 3; the external battery 3, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, and the motor coil 41 form a drive circuit that drives the external motor 4.

Further, the dc power output from the external battery 3 forms an ac discharge circuit through the ac charging port 21 by the action of the second bidirectional H-bridge 15, the transformer unit 14, the half-bridge arm 13, the bidirectional arm 122, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, and the inductor 11, or the dc power output from the external battery 3 forms an ac discharge circuit through the ac charging port 21 by the action of the bidirectional arm 122, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, and the inductor 11.

In this embodiment, the ac charging port 21 provides ac power to the charging circuit to complete the ac charging process of the energy conversion device 1, and meanwhile, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and the bidirectional bridge arm 122 in the bridge arm converter 12 are multiplexed in the ac charging circuit and the driving circuit, so that the circuit structure is simplified, the integration level is also improved, the purposes of volume reduction and cost reduction are achieved, and the problems of complex structure, low integration level, large volume and high cost of the existing overall control circuit including the battery charging circuit and the motor driving circuit are solved.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 15, the external charging port 2 is a dc charging port 22.

Specifically, one end of the dc charging port 22 is connected to the inductor 11, and the other end of the dc charging port 22 is connected to the second bus terminal. At this time, the dc charging port 22, the inductor 11, the second phase arm 1212 in the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the transforming unit 14, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form a dc charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, or the dc charging port 22, the inductor 11, and the second phase arm 1212 in the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 form a dc charging circuit for charging the external battery 3; the external battery 3, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, and the motor coil 41 form a drive circuit that drives the external motor 4.

Further, the dc power output from the external battery 3 forms a dc discharge circuit through the dc charging port 22 by the second bidirectional H-bridge 15, the transformer unit 14, the half-bridge arm 13, the bidirectional arm 122, the second phase arm 1212 in the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, and the inductor 11, or the dc power output from the external battery 3 forms a dc discharge circuit through the dc charging port 22 by the second phase arm 1212 in the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and the inductor 11.

In the present embodiment, the dc power output from the dc charging port 2 is boosted by the inductor 11 and the second phase arm 1212 of the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 to output the dc power, the bidirectional arm 122 and the half-bridge arm 13 convert the output dc power to output an ac power, the transforming unit 14 converts the high-frequency ac power to output another high-frequency ac power, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 rectifies the high-frequency ac power output from the transforming unit 14 to output the dc power to charge the external battery 3.

In this embodiment, the dc charging port 22 provides a dc power to the charging circuit to complete the dc charging process of the energy conversion device 1, and meanwhile, in the dc charging circuit and the driving circuit, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, specifically the second phase bridge arm 1212 and the bidirectional bridge arm 122, in the bridge arm converter 12 are multiplexed, so that the circuit structure is simplified, the integration level is also improved, the purposes of volume reduction and cost reduction are achieved, and the problems of complex structure, low integration level, large volume and high cost of the existing overall control circuit including the battery charging circuit and the motor driving circuit are solved.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 16, the energy conversion apparatus 1 further includes a switch module 17, and in this case, the charging port 2 is an ac charging port 21 and a dc charging port 22.

Specifically, the switching module 17 includes a first switching unit 171, a second switching unit 172, and a third switching unit 173, wherein the first switching unit 171 is disposed between the ac charging port 21 and the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, and the second switching unit 172 is disposed between the dc charging port 22 and the first bidirectional H-bridge 121; third switching unit 173 is provided between motor coil 41 and arm inverter 12.

Further, the first switching unit 171 includes a switch K1 and a switch K2, wherein one end of the switch K1 is connected to the ac charging port 21, the other end of the switch K1 is connected to the inductor 11, one end of the switch K2 is connected to the ac charging port 21, and the other end of the switch K2 is connected to the first midpoint. The second switching unit 172 includes a switch K3 and a switch K4, wherein one end of the switch K3 is connected to the dc charging port 22, the other end of the switch K3 is connected to the inductor 11, one end of the switch K4 is connected to the dc charging port 22, and the other end of the switch K4 is connected to the second bus terminal. The third switching unit 173 includes a switch K5, a switch K6, and a switch K7, wherein one end of the switch K5 is connected to the first midpoint, the other end of the switch K5 is connected to the first phase coil, one end of the switch K6 is connected to the second midpoint, the other end of the switch K6 is connected to the second phase coil, one end of the switch K7 is connected to the third midpoint, and the other end of the switch K7 is connected to the third phase coil.

In the present embodiment, when the switches K1 and K2 in the first switch unit 171 are closed, the switches K3 and K4 in the second switch unit 172 are open, and the switches K5, K6, and K7 in the third switch unit 173 are open, the ac charging port 21, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the voltage transforming unit 14, and the second bidirectional H bridge 15 form an ac charging circuit that charges the external battery 3, or the ac charging port 21, the inductor 11, and the first bidirectional H bridge 121 form an ac charging circuit that charges the external battery 3.

In the present embodiment, when switch K1 and switch K2 in first switch unit 171 are open, switch K3 and switch K4 in second switch unit 172 are closed, and switch K5, switch K6 and switch K7 in third switch unit 173 are open, dc charge port 22, inductor 11, second phase arm 1212 in first bidirectional H-bridge 121, bidirectional arm 122, half-bridge arm 13, voltage transforming unit 14 and second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form a dc charge circuit for charging external battery 3, or dc charge port 22, inductor 11 and second phase arm 1212 in first bidirectional H-bridge 121 form a dc charge circuit for charging external battery 3.

In the present embodiment, when the switches K1 and K2 in the first switch unit 171 are open, the switches K3 and K4 in the second switch unit 172 are open, and the switches K5, K6, and K7 in the third switch unit 173 are closed, the external battery 3, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, and the motor coil 41 form a driving circuit that drives the external motor 4.

Note that, in this energy conversion device 1, a contactor switch is provided between the external battery 3 and the arm converter 12. When the contactor switch is in the closed state, the external battery 3, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, and the motor coil 41 form a drive circuit that drives the external motor 4.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 17, the switch module 17 in the energy conversion apparatus 1 further includes a fourth switch unit 174.

Specifically, the fourth switching unit 174 includes a switch K8 and a switch K9, wherein one end of the switch K8 is connected to the second bidirectional H-bridge 15, the other end of the switch K8 is connected to one end of the external battery 3, one end of the switch K9 is connected to the second bidirectional H-bridge 15, and the other end of the switch K9 is connected to the other end of the external battery 3.

In the present embodiment, when the switch K8 and the switch K9 are in the closed state, the energy conversion apparatus 1 is in the charged state, and when the switch K8 and the switch K9 are in the open state, the energy conversion apparatus 1 may be in the driving state.

In the present embodiment, in the energy conversion apparatus 1, switching the operation mode of the energy conversion apparatus 1 can be realized by controlling the on-off state of each switch unit in the switch module 17.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 18, the energy conversion apparatus 1 further includes a pre-charging module 18.

Specifically, the pre-charge module 18 includes a switch K and a resistor R connected in series, one end of the pre-charge module 18 is connected to the second bidirectional H-bridge 15, and the other end of the pre-charge module 18 is connected to one end of the external battery 3.

In this embodiment, the switch K and the resistor R in the energy conversion apparatus 1 form the pre-charging module 18, and before the external battery 3 is charged, the switch K is closed, and after the pre-charging of the R is completed, the external charging port 2 supplies power to the energy conversion apparatus 1. The precharge by R reduces the failure rate of the energy conversion device 1.

In order to better understand the content of the present application, the following takes the energy conversion device 1 shown in fig. 19 as an example to specifically explain the operation principle of the energy conversion device 1 provided in the present application, and the following details are given:

specifically, as shown in fig. 19, when the energy conversion device 1 performs AC charging, the switch K1 and the switch K2 are closed, the switch K3 and the switch K4, the switch K5, the switch K6, and the switch K7 are opened, the contactor switch between the external battery 3 and the bridge arm inverter 12 is opened, pre-charging is completed through the switch K and the resistor R, the switch K8 and the switch K9 are closed, at this time, the AC charging port 21 inputs AC power, the first bidirectional H bridge 121 rectifies the AC power and outputs DC power, PFC is completed through the inductor 11, the third power switch Q3, and the fourth power switch Q4, DC-AC conversion (hereinafter referred to as DC-AC) is realized through the fifth power switch Q5, the sixth power switch Q6, the first capacitor C1, and the second capacitor C2, and DC voltage forms a loop through the fifth power switch Q5 and the second capacitor C2 to output high-frequency AC positive wave, the DC voltage forms a loop through a sixth power switch Q6 and a first capacitor C1 to output a high-frequency AC negative wave, the transformer unit 14 and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 transform and rectify the high-frequency AC power output by the bidirectional bridge arm 122 and the half-bridge arm 13 to perform AC-DC conversion (hereinafter referred to as AC-DC) to output a DC voltage, and the sixth capacitor C6 filters the DC voltage and charges the external battery 3.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 19, when the energy conversion device 1 performs ac charging, the switches K1 and K2 are closed, the switches K3, K4, K5, K6, and K7 are opened, the contactor switch between the external battery 3 and the bridge arm inverter 12 is closed, pre-charging is performed through the switch K and the resistor R, the switch K8 and the switch K9 are closed, ac power is input to the ac charging port 21, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 rectifies the ac power and outputs dc power, PFC is performed through the inductor 11, the third power switch Q3, and the fourth power switch Q4, and the dc power is filtered by the third capacitor C3 to output dc voltage to charge the external battery 3.

In the present embodiment, the energy conversion device 1 provided by the present application controls on/off of each switch, so that ac power received by the ac charging port 21 is ac-charged to the external battery 3 through the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the third capacitor C3, the transformer unit 14, the second bidirectional H-bridge 15, and the sixth capacitor C6, and the ac charging method is not limited to one, that is, the ac charging method of the energy conversion device 1 is multi-scheme redundant, and the operating voltage can be automatically adjusted, so that charging efficiency is improved, and the ac charging function of the energy conversion device 1 can be effectively ensured.

Further, as shown in fig. 19, when the energy conversion device 1 charges a direct current, the switches K3 and K4 are closed, the switches K1 and K2, the switch K5, the switch K6, and the switch K7 are opened, the contactor switch between the external battery 3 and the bridge arm inverter 12 is opened, the pre-charging is completed through the switch K and the resistor R, the switch K8 and the switch K9 are closed, the direct current charging port 22 outputs a direct current, the PFC is completed through the inductor 11, the third power switch Q3, and the fourth power switch Q4, the DC-AC conversion is realized through the fifth power switch Q5, the sixth power switch Q6, the first capacitor C1, and the second capacitor C2, the direct current voltage forms a loop through the fifth power switch Q5 and the second capacitor C2 to output a high frequency alternating current positive wave, the direct current voltage forms a loop through the sixth power switch Q6 and the first capacitor C1, the transformation unit 14 and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 transform and rectify the high-frequency alternating current output by the bidirectional bridge arm 122 and the half-bridge arm 13 to realize AC-DC conversion and output a direct current voltage, and the sixth capacitor C6 filters the direct current voltage and charges the external battery 3.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 19, when the energy conversion device 1 charges the dc, the switches K3 and K4 are closed, the switches K1 and K2, the switch K5, the switch K6, and the switch K7 are opened, the contactor switch between the external battery 3 and the bridge arm converter 12 is closed, the pre-charging is completed through the switch K and the resistor R, the switch K8 and the switch K9 are closed, the dc charging port 22 outputs the dc power at this time, the PFC is completed through the inductor 11, the third power switch Q3, and the fourth power switch Q4, and the dc power is filtered by the third capacitor C3 to output the dc voltage to charge the external battery 3.

Further, as shown in fig. 19, when the motor in the energy conversion device 1 operates in the driving mode, the switch K5, the switch K6, and the switch K7 are closed, the switch K1, the switch K2, the switch K3, the switch K4, the switch K8, the switch K9, and the switch K are opened, and the contactor switch between the external battery 3 and the arm converter 12 is closed, at this time, the external battery 3 outputs high-voltage direct current, and the high-voltage direct current outputs three-phase alternating current to the three-phase winding of the motor coil 41 through the first bidirectional H bridge 121 and the bidirectional arm 122 of the arm converter 13, thereby driving the external motor 4.

Further, as shown in fig. 20, the transforming unit 14 of the energy conversion device 1 further includes a second secondary winding T2.

When the energy conversion device 1 is charged by dc or ac, the external charging port 2, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the transforming unit 14, and the third bidirectional H-bridge 16 form a charging circuit for charging the battery or the electric device at the vehicle-mounted discharging port.

Further, the energy conversion apparatus 1 can also operate in the discharge mode, and in order to better understand the operation principle of the present application, the operation principle of the present application will be described below by taking the energy conversion apparatus 1 shown in fig. 20 as an example.

Specifically, referring to fig. 20, when the energy conversion device 1 operates in the ac discharging mode, the switch K1, the switch K2, the switch K8, and the switch K9 are closed, and the switch K3, the switch K4, the switch K5, the switch K6, and the switch K7 are opened, so that the high-voltage dc output by the external battery 3 is discharged through the ac charging port 21 by the second bidirectional H bridge 15, the transforming unit 14, the half-bridge arm 13, the bidirectional arm 122, the first bidirectional H bridge 121, and the inductor 11.

Further, referring to fig. 20, when the energy conversion device 1 operates in the dc discharging mode, the switch K3, the switch K4, the switch K8, and the switch K9 are closed, and the switch K1, the switch K2, the switch K5, the switch K6, and the switch K7 are opened, so that the high-voltage dc output by the external battery 3 is discharged through the dc charging port 22 by the second bidirectional H bridge 15, the transforming unit 14, the half-bridge arm 13, the bidirectional arm 122, the first bidirectional H bridge 121, and the inductor 11.

Further, referring to fig. 20, when the energy conversion device 1 discharges through the secondary battery or the vehicle-mounted discharge port, the switch K1 and the switch K2 are closed, and the switch K3, the switch K4, the switch K5, the switch K6, the switch K7, the switch K8, the switch K9 and the switch K are opened, so that the ac charging port 21, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the primary coil T0, the second secondary coil T2, the third bidirectional H bridge 16, and the secondary battery or the vehicle-mounted discharge port form an ac discharging circuit;

or, switch K3 and switch K4 are closed, and switch K1, switch K2, switch K5, switch K6, switch K7, switch K8, switch K9 and switch K are opened, so that dc charging port 22, inductor 11, first bidirectional H-bridge 121, bidirectional arm 122, half-bridge arm 13, primary coil T0, second secondary coil T2, third bidirectional H-bridge 16 and the battery or vehicle-mounted discharge port form a dc discharge circuit;

alternatively, switch K8 and switch K9 are closed, switch K1, switch K2, switch K3, switch K4, switch K5, switch K6, switch K7 and switch K are opened, and external battery 3, first bidirectional H bridge 121, bidirectional arm 122, half-bridge arm 13, primary coil T0, second secondary coil T2, third bidirectional H bridge 16, and the battery or the vehicle-mounted discharge port form a battery discharge circuit of external battery 3.

It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the principle of the ac discharging operation mode of the energy conversion device 1 is opposite to that of the ac charging operation mode thereof, and therefore, the specific operation principle of the ac discharging operation mode of the energy conversion device 1 may refer to the specific operation process of the ac charging mode thereof, and is not described herein again.

In the present embodiment, the energy conversion device 1 provided by the present application integrates the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the transformer unit 14, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 into one device, so that driving of the external motor 4 can be achieved by using the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and the bidirectional arm 122, ac power can be rectified and converted into dc power by using the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, PFC can be achieved by using the second arm 1212 of the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 to cooperate with the inductor 11, the voltage output by the second arm 1212 is increased, dc power can be converted into ac power by using the cooperation between the bidirectional arm 122 of the arm converter 12 and the half-bridge 13, ac charging and dc charging and discharging of the vehicle battery can be performed by using the energy conversion device 1, the arm converter 12 is multiplexed, and the circuit structure is simplified, the circuit integration level is improved, the circuit cost is reduced, the circuit volume is reduced, and the circuit structure is simple.

In addition, the energy conversion device 1 provided by the application can work in an alternating current charging mode and can work in an alternating current discharging mode, so that the application scenes of charging are increased, and the application range is expanded.

As shown in fig. 21, the present application also proposes a power system 5, where the power system 5 includes an energy conversion device 1 and a control module 55, where the energy conversion device 1 includes an on-board charging module 51, a motor control module 52, a half-bridge module 53, and a bidirectional DC/DC module 54.

The vehicle-mounted charging module 51 comprises an inductor 11, and the inductor 11 is connected with the external charging port 2; the motor control module 52 comprises a bridge arm converter 12, the bridge arm converter 12 is connected between an external battery 3 and an external motor 4, the bridge arm converter 12 is respectively connected with an inductor 11, the external motor 4, an external charging port 2, a half-bridge module 53, a bidirectional DC/DC module 54 and the external battery 3, the bridge arm converter 12 comprises a first bidirectional H bridge 121 and a bidirectional bridge arm 122, the first bidirectional H bridge 121 is connected with the bidirectional bridge arm 122 in parallel, the first bidirectional H bridge 121 is respectively connected with the inductor 11, the external motor 4, the external charging port 2, the bidirectional bridge arm 122 and the external battery 3, and the bidirectional bridge arm 122 is respectively connected with the first bidirectional H bridge 121, the external motor 4, the external battery 3, the half-bridge module 53 and the bidirectional DC/DC module 54; the half-bridge module 53 includes a half-bridge arm 13, and the half-bridge arm 13 is connected in parallel with the arm converter 12; the bidirectional DC/DC module 54 includes a transformation unit 14 and a second bidirectional H-bridge 15, an input end of the transformation unit 14 is connected to the bidirectional bridge arm 122 and the half-bridge arm 13, an output end of the transformation unit 14 is connected to one end of the second bidirectional H-bridge 15, and the other end of the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 is connected to the external battery 3.

Further, the energy conversion apparatus 1 in the system 4 further includes a switch module 17, and the control module 55 is configured to control the switch module 17 to implement switching between the charging mode and the driving mode.

It should be noted that, referring to fig. 16 and 17, each switch unit in the switch module 17 can control each switch unit in the switch module 17 and the power switch in the energy conversion device 1 by the control module 55 to switch the operation mode of the energy conversion device 1.

Specifically, when the energy conversion device 1 operates in the driving mode, the external battery 3, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, and the bidirectional arm 13 form a driving circuit for driving the external motor 4, the external battery 3 supplies direct current to the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and the bidirectional arm 13, the first phase arm 1211 in the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 converts the direct current into three-phase alternating current, and inputs the three-phase alternating current into the external motor 4 to drive the external motor 4 to operate, and the external motor 4 outputs the alternating current, and converts the output direct current via the second phase arm 1212 in the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and the bidirectional arm 122 to return to the external battery 3.

Further, when the energy conversion apparatus 1 operates in a charging mode, specifically, in the charging mode, the external charging port 2, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the voltage transforming unit 14, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form a charging circuit for charging the external battery 3. As for the external charging port 2, in the above charging mode, the power supply from the external charging port 2 to the charging circuit may be an alternating current power supply.

When the charging port 2 supplies an ac power, the external charging port 2, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional bridge arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the transforming unit 14, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form an ac charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, at this time, the ac power output from the external charging port 2 is boosted and rectified by the inductor 11 and the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, and outputs a dc power, then the bidirectional bridge arm 122 and the half-bridge arm 13 convert the dc power output from the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and output a high-frequency ac power, the transforming unit 14 converts the high-frequency ac power and outputs another high-frequency ac power, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 rectifies the high-frequency ac power output from the transforming unit 14 and outputs a dc power for charging the external battery 3.

In specific implementation, the ac power supply provides ac power to the power system 5 through the external charging port 2, and the ac power supply may be ac power generated by converting an external dc power supply, or ac power output by an external charging pile, and is not limited herein.

In this embodiment, the power system 5 including the energy conversion device 1 and the control module 55 is adopted, so that the power system 5 can operate in a driving mode and an alternating current charging mode in a time-sharing manner, the same circuit structure is adopted for driving the motor and charging the battery of the vehicle, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and the bidirectional bridge arm 122 are multiplexed, the circuit integration level is high, the circuit structure is simple, the circuit cost is reduced, the circuit size is reduced, and the problems of complex overall circuit structure, low integration level, large size and high cost of the existing motor driving and charging system are solved.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 18, the energy conversion apparatus 1 further includes a pre-charging module 18.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, refer to fig. 14, in which case, the external charging port 2 is an ac charging port 21.

Specifically, one end of the ac charging port 21 is connected to the inductor 11, and the other end of the ac charging port 21 is connected to the first bidirectional H-bridge 121. At this time, the control module 55 controls the on/off state of each switch in the switch module 17 to switch between the ac charging mode and the driving mode, and when the ac charging mode is switched, the ac charging port 21, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the transformer unit 14, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form an ac charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, or the ac charging port 21, the inductor 11, and the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 form an ac charging circuit for charging the external battery 3.

When switched to the drive mode, the external battery 3, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, and the motor coil 41 form a drive circuit that drives the external motor 4.

In this embodiment, the ac charging port 21 provides ac power to the charging circuit to complete the ac charging process of the power system 5, and meanwhile, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and the bidirectional bridge arm 122 in the bridge arm converter 12 are multiplexed in the ac charging circuit and the driving circuit, so that the circuit structure is simplified, the integration level is also improved, the purposes of reducing the size and reducing the cost are achieved, and the problems of complex structure, low integration level, large size and high cost of the existing overall control circuit including the battery charging circuit and the motor driving circuit are solved.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, refer to fig. 15, in this case, the external charging port 2 is a dc charging port 22.

Specifically, one end of the dc charging port 22 is connected to the inductor 11, and the other end of the dc charging port 22 is connected to the first bidirectional H-bridge 121. At this time, the on-off state of each switch in the switch module 17 is controlled by the control module 55 to realize switching between the dc charging mode and the driving mode, and when the dc charging mode is switched, the dc charging port 22, the inductor 11, the second phase arm 1212 in the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the transformer unit 14, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form a dc charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, or the dc charging port 22, the inductor 11, and the second phase arm 1212 in the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 form a dc charging circuit for charging the external battery 3.

In this embodiment, the dc charging port 22 provides dc power for the charging circuit to complete the dc charging process of the power system 5, and meanwhile, in the dc charging circuit and the driving circuit, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 in the bridge arm converter 12 is multiplexed, which simplifies the circuit structure and improves the integration level, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the volume and the cost, and solving the problems of complex structure, low integration level, large volume and high cost of the existing overall control circuit including the battery charging circuit and the motor driving circuit.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 16, in this case, the external charging port 2 is an ac charging port 21 and a dc charging port 22.

Specifically, one end of the ac charging port 21 is connected to the inductor 11, and the other end of the ac charging port 21 is connected to the first bidirectional H-bridge 121; one end of the dc charging port 22 is connected to the inductor 11, and the other end of the dc charging port 22 is connected to the first bidirectional H-bridge 121. At this time, the control module 55 controls the on/off state of each switch in the switch module 17 to switch the ac charging mode, the dc charging mode, and the driving mode, and when the ac charging mode is switched, the ac charging port 21, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the transformer unit 14, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form an ac charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, or the ac charging port 21, the inductor 11, and the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 form an ac charging circuit for charging the external battery 3.

When the dc charging mode is switched, the dc charging port 22, the inductor 11, the second phase arm 1212 of the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the transformer unit 14, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form a dc charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, or the dc charging port 22, the inductor 11, and the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 form a dc charging circuit for charging the external battery 3.

In the embodiment, the ac charging port 21 provides ac power to the charging circuit to complete the ac charging process of the power system 5, the dc charging port 22 provides dc power to the charging circuit to complete the dc charging process of the power system 5, the on-off state of each switch in the switch module 17 is controlled by the control module 55 to realize the switching of the alternating current charging mode, the direct current charging mode and the driving mode, and at the same time, in the alternating current charging circuit, the direct current charging circuit and the driving circuit, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and the bidirectional bridge arm 122 in the bridge arm converter 12 are multiplexed, so that not only the circuit structure is simplified, but also the integration level is improved, and then reach the purpose that the volume reduces and cost reduction, solved current overall control circuit structure including battery charging circuit and motor drive circuit complicated, the integrated level is low, bulky and with high costs problem.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 25, an on-vehicle charging module 51, a motor control module 52, a half-bridge module 53, and a bidirectional DC/DC module 54 are integrated in the first case 6; it should be noted that, in other embodiments of the present application, the vehicle-mounted charging module 51, the motor control module 52, the half-bridge module 53, and the bidirectional DC/DC module 54 may also be separately disposed in two or three cases, which is not limited herein.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, the power system 5 further includes a third capacitor C3, the third capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with the motor control module 52, and the third capacitor C3 is integrated in the first box 6.

Specifically, when the power system 5 operates in the dc charging mode or the ac charging mode, the third capacitor C3 not only filters the voltage output by the motor control module 52 but also stores energy according to the voltage output by the motor control module 52 during the dc charging process or the ac charging process of the external battery 3, so as to complete the dc charging or the ac charging of the external battery 3.

In this embodiment, the third capacitor C3 is disposed in the power system 5, so that the third capacitor C3 filters the voltage output by the motor control module 52 or the motor control module 52 and the vehicle-mounted charging module 51, and stores energy according to the voltage output by the motor control module 52 or the motor control module 52 and the vehicle-mounted charging module 51, thereby completing the dc charging or ac charging of the external battery 3, and ensuring that the normal charging function of the power system 5 is ensured, and other noise waves do not interfere with the charging process.

In this embodiment, the vehicle-mounted charging module 51, the motor control module 52, the half-bridge module 53, and the bidirectional DC/DC module 54 are integrated in the first box 6, so that the overall structure of the power system 5 is more compact, the size of the power system 5 is further reduced, and the weight of a vehicle using the power system 5 is reduced.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 25, the power system 5 further includes a speed reducer 56, the speed reducer 56 is power-coupled with the external motor 4, and the speed reducer 56 and the external motor 4 are integrated in the second casing 7.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, the first casing 6 is fixedly connected to the second casing 7.

In specific implementation, the first box 6 and the second box 7 may be connected by any connecting member with a fixing function, or the first box 6 is provided with a fixing member capable of being connected with the second box 7, or the second box 7 is provided with a fixing member capable of being connected with the first box 6, which is not limited herein.

In this embodiment, the first box 6 and the second box 7 are fixed, so that the first box 6 and the second box 7 can be effectively prevented from being separated, and therefore, the vehicle-mounted charging module 51, the motor control module 52, the half-bridge module 53, the bidirectional DC/DC module 54, the external motor 4 and the speed reducer 56 are prevented from being broken down due to the falling of the boxes, and the working reliability and stability of the power system 5 are improved.

It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the detailed working principle and the detailed working process of the energy conversion device 1, the control module 55 and the switch module 17 in the power system 5 can refer to the detailed description about the energy conversion device 1, and are not described herein again.

As shown in fig. 22, the present application also proposes an energy conversion device 8, where the energy conversion device 8 includes a charging connection terminal group 81, an inductor 11, an arm converter 12, a half-bridge arm 13, a driving output connection terminal group 82, a transformation unit 14, a second bidirectional H-bridge 15, and an energy storage connection terminal group 83.

Specifically, the charging connection end group 81 includes a first charging connection end 811 and a second charging connection end 812, one end of the inductor 11 is connected to the first charging connection end 811, the bridge arm converter 12 includes a first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and a bidirectional bridge arm 122 connected in parallel with the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 is connected to the second charging connection end 811 and the other end of the inductor 11, the bidirectional bridge arm 122 is connected to the transformer unit 14, the driving output connection end group 82 includes a first driving output connection end 821, a second driving output connection end 822 and a third driving output connection end 823, the first driving output connection end 821 and the second driving output connection end 822 are connected to the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the third driving output connection end 823 is connected to the bidirectional bridge arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13 is connected in parallel with the bridge arm converter 12, and the input end of the transformer unit 14 is connected to the bidirectional bridge arm 122, The half-bridge arms 13 are connected, the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 is connected with the output end of the voltage transformation unit 14, the energy storage connection end group 83 includes a first energy storage connection end 831 and a second energy storage connection end 832, the first energy storage connection end 831 is respectively connected with the bridge arm converter 12 and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15, and the second energy storage connection end 832 is respectively connected with the bridge arm converter 12 and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15.

In the present embodiment, power is supplied to the inductor 11 and the arm converter 12 through the charging connection terminal group 81, the inductor 11, the arm converter 12, the half-bridge arm 13, the transformer unit 14, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form a charging circuit for charging the external battery 3 through the energy storage connection terminal group 83, and the external battery 3 and the arm converter 12 supply power to the external motor 4 through the driving output connection terminal group 82 and the energy storage connection terminal group 83 to drive the external motor 4.

In the embodiment, the energy conversion device 8 comprising the external motor 4, the inductor 11, the bridge arm converter 12, the transformation unit 14 and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 is adopted, so that the energy conversion device 8 operates in the driving mode and the charging mode in a time-sharing manner, and when the external motor 4 is driven, the external battery 3, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and the bidirectional bridge arm 122 form a driving circuit for driving the external motor 4; when the charging circuit is used for charging, the external charging port 2, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional bridge arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the voltage transformation unit 14 and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form a charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, or the external charging port 2, the inductor 11 and the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 form a charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, so that the bridge arm converter 12 is multiplexed in the driving circuit and the charging circuit, thereby simplifying the circuit structure, improving the integration level, further achieving the purposes of volume reduction and cost reduction, and solving the problems of complex structure, low integration level, large volume and high cost of the existing overall control circuit comprising the battery charging circuit and the motor driving circuit.

Further, the first charging connection terminal 811 and the second charging connection terminal 812 of the charging connection terminal group 81 may be connected to the external charging port 2, respectively, the first driving output connection terminal 821, the second driving output connection terminal 822, and the third driving output connection terminal 823 of the driving output connection terminal group 82 may be connected to the external motor 4, respectively, and the first energy storage connection terminal 831 and the second energy storage connection terminal 832 of the energy storage connection terminal group 83 may be connected to the external battery 3, respectively.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, the charging connection terminal group 81 is connected to the external charging port 2, the charging connection terminal group 81 employs one of a connection line, a connector, or a connection interface, the driving output connection terminal group 82 is connected to the external motor 4, the driving output connection terminal group 82 employs one of a connection line, a connector, or a connection interface, the energy storage connection terminal group 83 is connected to the external battery 3, and the energy storage connection terminal group 83 employs one of a connection line, a connector, or a connection interface.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, the first driving output connection terminal 821, the second driving output connection terminal 822, and the third driving output connection terminal 823 are respectively connected to a first phase coil, a second phase coil, and a third phase coil in the motor coil 41 of the external motor 4, and the first driving output connection terminal 821, the second driving output connection terminal 822, and the third driving output connection terminal 823 each include a driving connection line, a driving output connector, or an energy storage connection interface.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, the external battery 3 is respectively connected to the first energy storage connection 831 and the second energy storage connection 832, and each of the first energy storage connection 831 and the second energy storage connection 832 includes an energy storage connection line, an energy storage connector or an energy storage connection interface.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 23, external motor 4 includes a motor coil 41, first bidirectional H-bridge 121 in bridge arm inverter 12 includes a first phase bridge arm 1211 and a second phase bridge arm 1212, further, first phase bridge arm 1211 includes a first power switch Q1 and a second power switch Q2 connected in series, second phase bridge arm 1212 includes a third power switch Q3 and a fourth power switch Q4 connected in series, and bidirectional bridge arm 122 includes a fifth power switch Q5 and a sixth power switch Q6 connected in series.

Specifically, first midpoints of a first power switch Q1 and a second power switch Q2 are respectively connected to the second charging connection terminal 812 and the first driving output connection terminal 811, second midpoints of a third power switch Q3 and a fourth power switch Q4 are respectively connected to the inductor 11 and the second driving output connection terminal 822, third midpoints of a fifth power switch Q5 and a sixth power switch Q6 are respectively connected to the voltage transformation unit 14 and the third driving output connection terminal 823, a first end of the first power switch Q1, a first end of the third power switch Q3, and a first end of the fifth power switch Q5 are commonly connected to form a first junction terminal of the bridge arm converter 12, a second end of the second power switch Q2, a second end of the fourth power switch Q4, and a second end of the sixth power switch Q6 are commonly connected to form a second junction terminal of the bridge arm converter 12, the first junction terminal is connected to the first energy storage connection terminal 831, and the second energy storage junction terminal is connected to the second energy storage connection terminal 832, the first drive output connection terminal 811 is connected to the first phase coil of the motor coil 41, the second drive output connection terminal 822 is connected to the second phase coil of the motor coil 41, and the third drive output connection terminal 823 is connected to the third phase coil of the motor coil 41.

In the present embodiment, the three-phase arms of the arm converter 12 are controlled by the three-phase interleaved control operation method, so that the dc-side ripple is reduced and the charging power is increased during charging of the energy conversion device 8. In the charging mode, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 can convert ac power into dc power, the second phase arm 1212 of the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 can cooperate with the inductor 11 to complete PFC, the third power switch Q3 boosts the dc voltage and outputs the dc voltage, the power switch of the bidirectional arm 122 is controlled to cooperate with the half-bridge arm 13 to convert the dc power output from the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 into high-frequency ac power, and the three-phase arm of the arm converter 12 is controlled to convert electric energy input from the external battery 3 and adjust the voltage and current of the motor coil 41 to drive the external motor 4.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 8, the transforming unit 14 in the energy transforming device 8 comprises a primary coil T0 and a first secondary coil T1.

Specifically, one end of primary coil T0 is connected to the third midpoint, the other end of primary coil T0 is connected to the fourth midpoint, and first secondary coil T1 is connected to second bidirectional H-bridge 15, so that charging port 2, inductor 11, first bidirectional H-bridge 121, bidirectional arm 122, half-bridge arm 13, primary coil T0, first secondary coil T1, and second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form a charging circuit for charging external battery 3.

Specifically, as an embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 11, the voltage transforming unit 14 in the energy conversion device 8 further includes a second secondary winding T2.

In this embodiment, by using the transforming unit 14 including the primary coil T0, the first secondary coil T1, and the second secondary coil T2, when the energy conversion apparatus 8 operates, the external charging port 2, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the transforming unit 14, and the third bidirectional H-bridge 16 may form a battery charging loop or a vehicle discharging port loop to the battery or the vehicle discharging port, so that the charging loop and the battery charging loop or the vehicle discharging port loop do not interfere with each other when operating, the reliability of the circuit is improved, and the external battery 3 may discharge the electric equipment connected to the vehicle discharging port, thereby increasing the function of the overall control circuit.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 10, the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 in the energy conversion device 8 includes a third phase leg 151 and a fourth phase leg 152.

The fifth middle points of the seventh power switch Q7 and the eighth power switch Q8 are connected to one end of the first secondary coil T1, the sixth middle points of the ninth power switch Q9 and the tenth power switch Q10 are connected to the other end of the first secondary coil T1, the first end of the seventh power switch Q7 and the first end of the ninth power switch Q9 are connected in common to form a third junction end of the second bidirectional H-bridge 15, the second end of the eighth power switch Q8 and the second end of the tenth power switch Q10 are connected in common to form a fourth junction end of the second bidirectional H-bridge 15, the third junction end is connected to the first energy storage connection end, and the fourth junction end is connected to the second energy storage connection end.

It should be noted that, since the operation principle of the energy conversion device 8 is the same as that of the energy conversion device 1, and the connection relation and structure between the inductor 11, the arm converter 12, the half-bridge arm 13, the transforming unit 14, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 are the same, the operation principle of the energy conversion device 8 will not be described in detail herein.

In the present embodiment, the energy conversion device 8 provided by the present application integrates the external motor 4, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the transformer unit 14, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 into one device, so that driving of the external motor 4 can be realized by the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and the bidirectional arm 122, ac power can be rectified and converted into dc power by the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, PFC can be realized by the second phase arm 1212 of the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 cooperating with the inductor 11, the voltage output by the second phase arm 1212 is increased, dc power can be converted into ac power by the cooperation between the bidirectional arm 122 of the arm converter 12 and the half-bridge arm 13, ac charging and dc charging and discharging of the vehicle battery can be performed by the energy conversion device 8, and the arm converter 12 is multiplexed, the circuit structure is simplified, the circuit integration level is improved, the circuit cost is reduced, the circuit volume is reduced, and the circuit structure is simple.

In addition, the energy conversion device 8 provided by the application can work in an alternating current charging mode and can work in an alternating current discharging mode, so that the application scenes of charging are increased, and the application range is expanded.

As shown in fig. 24, the present application also proposes a power system 9, where the power system 9 includes an energy conversion device 8 and a control module 95, where the energy conversion device 1 includes an on-board charging module 91, a motor control module 92, a half-bridge module 93, and a bidirectional DC/DC module 94.

Specifically, the vehicle-mounted charging module 91 includes an inductor 11 and a charging connection terminal group 81, the charging connection terminal group 81 includes a first charging connection terminal 811 and a second charging connection terminal 812, one end of the inductor 11 is connected to the first charging connection terminal 811, the motor control module 92 includes a first bidirectional H-bridge 121, a bidirectional bridge arm 122, and a driving output connection terminal group 82, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 is connected in parallel with the bidirectional bridge arm 122, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 is respectively connected to the second charging connection terminal 812 and the other end of the inductor 11, the bidirectional bridge arm 122 is connected to the transforming unit 14, the driving output connection terminal group 82 includes a first driving output connection terminal 821, a second driving output connection terminal 822, and a third driving output connection terminal 823, the first driving output connection terminal 821 and the second driving output connection terminal 822 are respectively connected to the first bidirectional H-bridge arm 121, and the third driving output connection terminal 823 is connected to the bidirectional bridge arm 122, the half-bridge module 93 includes a half-bridge arm 13, the half-bridge arm 13 is connected in parallel with the arm converter 12, and the bidirectional DC/DC module 94 includes a transformer unit 14, a second bidirectional H-bridge 15 and an energy storage connection end group 83, an input end of the transformer unit 14 is connected to the bidirectional arm 122 and the half-bridge arm 13, an output end of the transformer unit 14 is connected to one end of the second bidirectional H-bridge 15, the energy storage connection end group 83 includes a first energy storage connection end 831 and a second energy storage connection end 832, the first energy storage connection end 831 is connected to the arm converter 12 and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15, and the second energy storage connection end 832 is connected to the arm converter 12 and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 5, external motor 4 includes a motor coil 41, first bidirectional H-bridge 121 in bridge arm inverter 12 includes a first phase bridge arm 1211 and a second phase bridge arm 1212, further, first phase bridge arm 1211 includes a first power switch Q1 and a second power switch Q2 connected in series, second phase bridge arm 1212 includes a third power switch Q3 and a fourth power switch Q4 connected in series, and bidirectional bridge arm 122 includes a fifth power switch Q5 and a sixth power switch Q6 connected in series.

Further, the energy conversion device 8 in the system 9 further includes a switch module 17, and the control module 95 is configured to control the switch module 17 to implement switching between the ac charging mode and the driving mode.

As an embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 14, the external charging port 2 is an ac charging port 21, and at this time, switching of the operation mode of the energy conversion device 8 can be realized by controlling the on/off state of each switch unit in the switch module 17, and the ac charging port 21, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the transformer unit 14, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form an ac charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, or the ac charging port 21, the inductor 11, and the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 form an ac charging circuit for charging the external battery 3; the external battery 3, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, and the motor coil 41 form a drive circuit that drives the external motor 4.

Further, referring to fig. 15 as an embodiment of the present application, the external charging port 2 is a dc charging port 22, and in this case, the first charging connection terminal 811 is connected to the inductor 11, and the second charging connection terminal 812 is connected to the second bus terminal.

Further, switching the operating mode of the energy conversion device 8 can be realized by controlling the on-off state of each switch unit in the switch module 17, specifically, when the switching is performed to the dc charging mode, the dc charging port 22, the inductor 11, the second phase arm 1212 in the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the transforming unit 14, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form a dc charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, or the dc charging port 22, the inductor 11, and the second phase arm 1212 in the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 form a dc charging circuit for charging the external battery 3; the external battery 3, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, and the motor coil 41 form a drive circuit that drives the external motor 4.

Further, referring to fig. 16 as an embodiment of the present application, the external charging port 2 includes an ac charging port 21 and a dc charging port 22, and at this time, the first charging connection terminal 811 is connected to the inductor 11, and the second charging connection terminal 812 is connected to the second bus terminal.

In the present embodiment, switching of the operation mode of the energy conversion device 8 can be realized by controlling the on/off state of each switch cell in the switch module 17, and when the operation mode is switched to the ac mode, the ac charging port 21, the inductor 11, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121, the bidirectional arm 122, the half-bridge arm 13, the transformer unit 14, and the second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form an ac charging circuit for charging the external battery 3, or the ac charging port 21, the inductor 11, and the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 form an ac charging circuit for charging the external battery 3.

In the present embodiment, when the dc charging mode is switched, dc charging port 22, inductor 11, second phase arm 1212 in first bidirectional H-bridge 121, bidirectional arm 122, half-bridge arm 13, voltage transforming unit 14, and second bidirectional H-bridge 15 form a dc charging circuit for charging external battery 3, or dc charging port 22, inductor 11, and second phase arm 1212 in first bidirectional H-bridge 121 form a dc charging circuit for charging external battery 3.

In this embodiment, the ac charging port 21 supplies the charging circuit with ac power, to complete the ac charging process of the power system 9, the dc charging port 22 provides dc power for the charging circuit to complete the dc charging process of the power system 9, the on-off state of each switch in the switch module 17 is controlled by the control module 95 to realize the switching of the ac charging mode, the dc charging mode and the driving mode, and at the same time, in the alternating current charging circuit, the direct current charging circuit and the driving circuit, the first bidirectional H-bridge 121 and the bidirectional bridge arm 122 in the bridge arm converter 12 are multiplexed, so that not only the circuit structure is simplified, but also the integration level is improved, and then reach the purpose that the volume reduces and cost reduction, solved current overall control circuit structure including battery charging circuit and motor drive circuit complicated, the integrated level is low, bulky and with high costs problem.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 22, an on-board charging module 91, a motor control module 92, a half-bridge module 93, and a bidirectional DC/DC module 94 are integrated in the first box 6; it should be noted that, in other embodiments of the present disclosure, the vehicle-mounted charging module 91, the motor control module 92, the half-bridge module 93, and the bidirectional DC/DC module 94 may also be separately disposed in two or three cases, which is not limited herein.

In this embodiment, the vehicle-mounted charging module 91, the motor control module 92, the half-bridge module 93, and the bidirectional DC/DC module 94 are integrated in the first box 6, so that the overall structure of the power system 9 is more compact, the size of the power system 9 is further reduced, and the weight of a vehicle using the power system 9 is reduced.

Further, as an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 25, the power system 9 further includes a speed reducer 56, the speed reducer 56 is power-coupled with the external motor 4, and the speed reducer 56 and the external motor 4 are integrated in the second casing 7.

In this embodiment, the first box 6 and the second box 7 are fixed, so that the first box 6 and the second box 7 can be effectively prevented from being separated, and therefore, the vehicle-mounted charging module 91, the motor control module 92, the half-bridge module 93, the bidirectional DC/DC module 94, the external motor 4 and the speed reducer 56 are guaranteed not to be out of order due to the falling of the boxes, and the working reliability and the stability of the power system 9 are improved.

It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the detailed working principle and the detailed working process of the energy conversion device 8, the control module 99 and the switch module 17 in the power system 9 can refer to the foregoing detailed description about the energy conversion device 8, and are not described herein again.

Further, the application also provides a vehicle which comprises the power system described in the embodiment. The specific working principle of the power system in the vehicle according to the embodiment of the present application can be described in detail with reference to the foregoing power system 5 or power system 9, and will not be described herein again.

In the present application, the present application provides a vehicle that, by employing a powertrain 5 that includes an on-board charging module 51, a motor control module 52, a half-bridge module 53, a bi-directional DC/DC module 54, and a control module 55, or a power system 9 comprising an on-board charging module 91, a motor control module 92, a half-bridge module 93, a bi-directional DC/DC module 94 and a control module 95, when the power system 5 or the power system 9 is applied, the vehicle can work in a driving mode, a direct current charging mode and an alternating current charging mode in time division, thereby realizing the motor drive and the battery charge of the vehicle by adopting the same circuit structure, having high circuit integration level and simple circuit structure, therefore, the circuit cost is reduced, the circuit volume is reduced, and the problems of complex overall circuit structure, low integration level, large volume and high cost of the conventional motor driving and charging system are solved.

The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An energy conversion device, comprising:

an inductor, one end of which is connected with an external charging port;

the bridge arm converter is connected between an external motor and an external battery, and comprises a first bidirectional H bridge and a bidirectional bridge arm connected with the first bidirectional H bridge in parallel, and the first bidirectional H bridge is respectively connected with the external charging port and the other end of the inductor;

a half-bridge arm connected in parallel with the arm converter;

a second bidirectional H-bridge connected between an output terminal of the voltage transforming unit and the external battery;

the external battery is connected with the external motor through the bridge arm converter, and the external charging port is connected with the external battery through the inductor, the bridge arm converter, the half-bridge arm, the voltage transformation unit and the second bidirectional H-bridge;

the external battery drives the external motor through the energy conversion device, the external charging port is externally connected with a power supply, and the external battery is charged through the energy conversion device.

2. The energy conversion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the external battery, the bridge arm inverter, and the external motor form a drive circuit that drives the external motor;

the external charging port, the inductor, the bridge arm converter, the half-bridge arm, the transformation unit, the second bidirectional H-bridge and the external battery form a charging circuit for charging the external battery;

the driving circuit and the charging circuit multiplex the bridge arm converter.

3. The energy conversion device of claim 1, wherein the external motor comprises an external motor coil, and the first bidirectional H-bridge comprises:

the first phase bridge arm comprises a first power switch and a second power switch which are connected in series, and first middle points of the first power switch and the second power switch are connected with the external charging port;

the second phase bridge arm comprises a third power switch and a fourth power switch which are connected in series, and second middle points of the third power switch and the fourth power switch are connected with the inductor;

the bidirectional bridge arm includes:

the third midpoint of the fifth power switch and the third midpoint of the sixth power switch are connected with the input end of the voltage transformation unit;

a first end of the first power switch, a first end of the third power switch, a first end of the fifth power switch, and a first end of the half-bridge arm are connected in common to form a first bus end, and a second end of the second power switch, a second end of the fourth power switch, a second end of the sixth power switch, and a second end of the half-bridge arm are connected in common to form a second bus end;

the first junction end is connected with one end of the external battery, and the second junction end is connected with the other end of the external battery;

the first midpoint is connected to a first phase coil of the external motor coil, the second midpoint is connected to a second phase coil of the external motor coil, and the third midpoint is connected to a third phase coil of the external motor coil.

4. The energy conversion device of claim 3, wherein the half bridge legs comprise:

the first capacitor and the second capacitor are connected in series, and the fourth middle point of the first capacitor and the fourth middle point of the second capacitor are connected with the input end of the transformation unit.

5. The energy conversion device of claim 3, comprising:

a third capacitor connected between the first bus terminal and the second bus terminal.

6. The energy conversion device of claim 3, wherein the voltage transforming unit comprises:

a primary coil having one end connected to the third midpoint and the other end connected to the fourth midpoint;

a first secondary coil connected with the second bidirectional H-bridge.

7. The energy conversion device of claim 6, wherein the voltage transformation unit further comprises:

and a second secondary coil connected to the external battery or the vehicle-mounted discharge port through a third bidirectional H-bridge.

8. The energy conversion device of claim 6, wherein a first inductance is disposed between the primary winding and the third midpoint, and a fourth capacitance is disposed between the primary winding and the fourth midpoint.

9. The energy conversion device of claim 6, wherein the second bidirectional H-bridge comprises:

a third phase bridge arm which comprises a seventh power switch and an eighth power switch which are connected in series, wherein fifth midpoints of the seventh power switch and the eighth power switch are connected with one end of the first secondary coil;

a fourth phase bridge arm comprising a ninth power switch and a tenth power switch connected in series, wherein sixth midpoints of the ninth power switch and the tenth power switch are connected with the other end of the first secondary coil;

a first end of the seventh power switch and a first end of the ninth power switch are connected in common to form a third bus end of the second bidirectional H bridge;

a second end of the eighth power switch and a second end of the tenth power switch are connected in common to form a fourth bus end of the second bidirectional H-bridge;

the third bus end is connected with one end of the external battery, and the fourth bus end is connected with the other end of the external battery.

10. The energy conversion device of claim 9, wherein a second inductor is disposed between the first secondary winding and the fifth midpoint, and a fifth capacitor is disposed between the first secondary winding and the sixth midpoint.

11. The energy conversion device of claim 9, further comprising:

a sixth capacitor connected between the third bus terminal and the fourth bus terminal.

12. The energy conversion device of claim 3, wherein the external charging port is an ac charging port;

one end of the alternating current charging port is connected with the inductor, and the other end of the alternating current charging port is connected with the first midpoint;

the alternating current charging port, the inductor, the first bidirectional H bridge, the bidirectional bridge arm, the half-bridge arm, the transformation unit and the second bidirectional H bridge form an alternating current charging circuit or an alternating current discharging circuit for charging the external battery;

or, the alternating current charging port, the inductor and the first bidirectional H-bridge form an alternating current charging circuit or an alternating current discharging circuit for charging the external battery.

13. The energy conversion device of claim 3, wherein the external charging port is a direct current charging port;

one end of the direct current charging port is connected with the inductor, and the other end of the direct current charging port is connected with the second confluence end;

the direct-current charging port, the inductor, the second phase bridge arm, the bidirectional bridge arm, the half-bridge arm, the transformation unit and the second bidirectional H-bridge form a direct-current charging circuit or a direct-current discharging circuit for charging the external battery;

or the direct current charging port, the inductor and the second phase bridge arm form a direct current charging circuit or a direct current discharging circuit for charging the external battery.

14. The energy conversion device of claim 3, wherein the external charging port is a direct current charging port and an alternating current charging port;

15. The energy conversion device of claim 1, further comprising:

the pre-charging module comprises a first switch and a resistor which are connected in series, one end of the pre-charging module is connected with the second bidirectional H-bridge, and the other end of the pre-charging module is connected with one end of the external battery.

16. A power system comprising the energy conversion device of any one of claims 1-15 and a control module, wherein the energy conversion device comprises:

a half-bridge module comprising a half-bridge leg connected in parallel with the leg converter;

the bidirectional DC/DC module comprises a transformation unit and a second bidirectional H bridge, wherein the input end of the transformation unit is respectively connected with the bidirectional bridge arm and the half-bridge arm, the output end of the transformation unit is connected with one end of the second bidirectional H bridge, and the other end of the second bidirectional H bridge is connected with the external battery;

the control module is used for controlling a driving circuit formed by the external battery, the bridge arm converter and the external motor, and controlling the external charging port, the bridge arm converter, the half-bridge arm, the voltage transformation unit and the second bidirectional H-bridge to form a charging circuit for charging the external battery.

17. The powertrain system of claim 16, wherein the energy conversion device further comprises:

and the pre-charging module comprises a switch and a resistor which are connected in series, one end of the pre-charging module is connected with the second bidirectional H-bridge, and the other end of the pre-charging module is connected with one end of the external battery.

18. The power system of claim 16, wherein the external charging port is a dc charging port;

the energy conversion device also comprises a switch module, and the control module is used for controlling the switch module to realize the switching between a direct current charging mode and a driving mode;

in the dc charging mode, the dc charging port, the inductor, the bridge arm converter, the half-bridge arm, the transforming unit, and the second bidirectional H-bridge form a dc charging circuit or a dc discharging circuit for charging the external battery, or the dc charging port, the inductor, and the first bidirectional H-bridge form a dc charging circuit or a dc discharging circuit for charging the external battery;

and in the driving mode, the external battery, the bridge arm converter and the external motor form a driving circuit.

19. The power system of claim 16, wherein the external charging port is an ac charging port;

the energy conversion device also comprises a switch module, and the control module is used for controlling the switch module to realize the switching between an alternating current charging mode and a driving mode;

in the ac charging mode, the ac charging port, the inductor, the bridge arm converter, the half-bridge arm, the transformer unit, and the second bidirectional H-bridge form an ac charging circuit or an ac discharging circuit for charging the external battery; or the alternating current charging port, the inductor and the first bidirectional H-bridge form an alternating current charging circuit or an alternating current discharging circuit for charging the external battery;

20. The power system of claim 16, wherein the external charging port is a dc charging port and an ac charging port;

the energy conversion device also comprises a switch module, and the control module is used for controlling the switch module so as to realize the switching among an alternating current charging mode, a direct current charging mode and a driving mode;

in the ac charging mode, the ac charging port, the inductor, the bridge arm converter, the half-bridge arm, the transformer unit, and the second bidirectional H-bridge form an ac charging circuit or an ac discharging circuit for charging the external battery;

or, the alternating current charging port, the inductor and the first bidirectional H-bridge form an alternating current charging circuit or an alternating current discharging circuit for charging the external battery;

in the dc charging mode, the dc charging port, the inductor, the bridge arm converter, the half-bridge arm, the transforming unit, and the second bidirectional H-bridge form a dc charging circuit or a dc discharging circuit that charges the external battery;

or, the direct current charging port, the inductor and the first bidirectional H-bridge form a direct current charging circuit or a direct current discharging circuit for charging the external battery;

21. The powertrain system of claim 16, wherein the on-board charging module, motor control module, the half-bridge module, the bi-directional DC/DC module, and the control module are integrated in a first housing.

22. The power system of claim 21, further comprising: a speed reducer dynamically coupled with the external motor, the speed reducer and the external motor being integrated in a second case.

23. The power system of claim 21, wherein a third capacitor of the energy conversion device is connected in parallel with the motor control module, the third capacitor being integrated in the first tank.

24. The power system of claim 22, wherein the first case is fixedly coupled to the second case.

25. An energy conversion device, comprising:

a half-bridge arm connected in parallel with the arm converter;

26. The energy conversion device of claim 25, wherein the set of charging connections, the set of drive output connections, and the set of energy storage connections are one of a connecting wire, a connector, or a connecting interface.

27. The energy conversion device of claim 25, wherein the external motor comprises an external motor coil, and wherein the first bidirectional H-bridge comprises:

the first phase bridge arm comprises a first power switch and a second power switch which are connected in series, and first middle points of the first power switch and the second power switch are respectively connected with the second charging connecting end and the first driving output connecting end;

the second phase bridge arm comprises a third power switch and a fourth power switch which are connected in series, and second middle points of the third power switch and the fourth power switch are respectively connected with the inductor and the second driving output connecting end;

the bidirectional bridge arm includes:

the third midpoint of the fifth power switch and the third midpoint of the sixth power switch are respectively connected with the input end of the voltage transformation unit and the third driving output connecting end;

the first junction end is connected to the first energy storage connection end, and the second junction end is connected to the second energy storage connection end.

28. The energy conversion device of claim 27, wherein the voltage transforming unit comprises:

a first secondary coil connected with the second bidirectional H-bridge.

29. The energy conversion device of claim 28, wherein the voltage transformation unit further comprises:

30. The energy conversion device of claim 28, wherein the second bidirectional H-bridge comprises:

a third phase bridge arm, which comprises a seventh power switch and an eighth power switch connected in series, wherein fifth midpoints of the seventh power switch and the eighth power switch are respectively connected with one end of the first secondary coil;

the third junction end is connected to the first energy storage connection end, and the fourth junction end is connected to the second energy storage connection end.

31. A power system comprising the energy conversion device of any one of claims 25-30 and a control module, wherein the energy conversion device comprises:

the vehicle-mounted charging module comprises an inductor and a charging connection end group, the charging connection end group comprises a first charging connection end and a second charging connection end, and one end of the inductor is connected with the first charging connection end;

the bidirectional DC/DC module comprises a transformation unit, a second bidirectional H bridge and an energy storage connecting end group, wherein the input end of the transformation unit is respectively connected with the bidirectional bridge arm and the half-bridge arm, the output end of the transformation unit is connected with one end of the second bidirectional H bridge, the energy storage connecting end group comprises a first energy storage connecting end and a second energy storage connecting end, the first energy storage connecting end is respectively connected with the bridge arm converter and the second bidirectional H bridge, and the second energy storage connecting end is respectively connected with the bridge arm converter and the second bidirectional H bridge.

32. The powertrain system of claim 31, wherein the first charging connection terminal and the second charging connection terminal are respectively connected to an external charging port, the first driving output connection terminal, the second driving output connection terminal and the third driving output connection terminal are respectively connected to a first phase coil, a second phase coil and a third phase coil of an external motor, and an external battery is respectively connected to the first energy storage connection terminal and the second energy storage connection terminal;

the alternating current charging port, the inductor, the bridge arm converter, the half-bridge arm, the transformation unit and the second bidirectional H-bridge form an alternating current charging circuit or an alternating current discharging circuit for charging the external battery; or the alternating current charging port, the inductor and the first bidirectional H-bridge form an alternating current charging circuit or an alternating current discharging circuit for charging the external battery;

33. The power system of claim 31, wherein the external charging port is a dc charging port;

the first charging connection end is connected with the inductor, and the second charging connection end is connected with the first bidirectional H bridge;

34. The power system of claim 31, wherein the external charging port is a dc charging port and an ac charging port;

35. The powertrain system of claim 31, wherein the on-board charging module, motor control module, the half-bridge module, the bi-directional DC/DC module, and the control module are integrated in a first housing.

36. The power system of claim 35, further comprising: a speed reducer dynamically coupled with the external motor, the speed reducer and the external motor being integrated in a second case.

37. The power system of claim 36, wherein the first case is fixedly coupled to the second case.

38. A vehicle comprising a powertrain as claimed in any one of claims 16 to 24 or a powertrain as claimed in any one of claims 31 to 37.