CN112222777A - Rolling brazing connection method for thermonuclear fusion reactor high-brazed rate composite tube - Google Patents
Rolling brazing connection method for thermonuclear fusion reactor high-brazed rate composite tube Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- PUPNJSIFIXXJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(1,1,3-trioxo-1,2-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetamide Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1NC(=O)CN1S(=O)(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O PUPNJSIFIXXJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/22—Ferrous alloys and copper or alloys thereof
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of high-performance composite tubes under the working condition of a fusion reactor, and particularly relates to a rolling brazing connection method for a high-brazing-rate composite tube of a thermonuclear fusion reactor, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: surface treatment of copper pipe parts; step two: surface treatment of the steel pipe component; step three: selecting brazing filler metal and assembling a bimetallic tube; step four: cold rolling and assembling the composite pipe; step five: the brazing clearance and the cleanliness of the cold-rolled assembled composite pipe are checked; step six: and (4) performing vacuum brazing on the rolled composite pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of high-performance composite tubes under the working condition of a fusion reactor, and particularly relates to a rolling brazing connection method for a high-brazing-rate composite tube of a thermonuclear fusion reactor.
Background
At present, one of the key issues that have restricted nuclear fusion reactor research is the problem of the connection between functional materials such as plasma-facing materials, heat sink materials and structural materials. Stainless steels such as austenitic stainless steels, low activation ferritic steels and materials considered ideal for structural materials due to their good resistance to radiation expansion, oxidation and high temperature mechanical properties. Copper alloy with good electrical and thermal conductivity is widely applied to a cooling system of key components such as a superconducting magnet, a divertor first wall and the like as a heat sink material. A large number of steel pipe and copper part connecting structures exist in the fusion reactor. The steel pipe is used as a current-carrying component, and high-temperature or low-temperature fluid is introduced into the steel pipe. Copper acts as a heat sink material to transfer heat. In order to achieve better heat transport properties, copper-steel joints must have a high-performance defect-free metallurgical bonding interface.
Therefore, the steel pipe and the copper part are connected together in high quality, and the service performance at high temperature and low temperature is of great significance. The current methods for joining steel and copper are mainly diffusion welding and brazing. Among them, vacuum brazing is widely used as a method for manufacturing a steel-copper composite pipe because different filler materials can be selected as required.
At present, the vacuum brazing manufacturing of the steel-copper composite pipe still has several key problems:
1) due to the machining error, the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of copper and steel and the assembly error, the radial brazing gap of the composite pipe is difficult to be ensured within 0-0.1mm, and the brazing rate of a brazed joint cannot be ensured.
2) Because the capillary action of the brazing filler metal at high temperature has a limit, the traditional filling method is difficult to ensure the high-quality connection of the composite pipe with the length of more than 200mm
Therefore, it is necessary to design a high-brazing-rate composite tube roll brazing connection method to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a rolling brazing connection method for a thermonuclear fusion reactor high-brazing-rate composite pipe, which is used for solving the technical problems that the brazing rate of a brazed joint cannot be ensured and the connection quality of the composite pipe with the length more than 200mm is low in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a rolling brazing connection method for a thermonuclear fusion reactor high-brazed rate composite tube comprises the steps of wrapping a stainless steel tube with foil-shaped brazing filler metal, inserting the foil-shaped brazing filler metal into the copper tube, and installing a supporting core rod in the stainless steel tube. And then rolling the assembly by using a tube rolling machine, and controlling the deformation of each channel of the copper tube so as to prevent cracks. After the rolling is finished, the stub bars at the two ends are cut off, and then vacuum brazing is carried out.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: surface treatment of copper pipe parts;
step two: surface treatment of the steel pipe component;
step three: selecting brazing filler metal and assembling a bimetallic tube;
step four: cold rolling and assembling the composite pipe;
step five: the brazing clearance and the cleanliness of the cold-rolled assembled composite pipe are checked;
step six: and (4) performing vacuum brazing on the rolled composite pipe.
The first step, the surface treatment of the copper pipe part comprises the following steps: the double-layer composite pipe to be brazed is in a double-layer coaxial assembly pipe structure, wherein the inner layer pipe is a steel pipe; the outer layer pipe is a copper pipe, and the brazing filler metal is thin; the inner and outer layer pipes are subjected to size inspection by adopting an inner and outer diameter micrometer, so that the inner and outer layer pipes meet the basic requirements of rolling.
Wherein the outer diameter of the outer copper pipe before rolling is 2-30mm, the thickness is 2-10mm, the oil stain and the oxidation film on the inner surface and the outer surface of the outer copper pipe are removed by 1200-mesh sand paper, then the outer copper pipe before rolling is placed in absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning for 30-60 minutes, and then is dried for standby.
And step two, the surface treatment of the steel pipe part comprises the following steps: the outer diameter of the inner layer steel pipe before rolling is 2-30mm, the thickness of the inner layer steel pipe before rolling is 2-10mm, oil stain and an oxidation film are removed from the inner surface and the outer surface of the inner layer steel pipe before rolling by using 1200-mesh abrasive paper, then the inner layer steel pipe before rolling is placed in absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning for 30-60 minutes, and then the inner layer steel pipe is dried for standby.
The third step is that: selection of brazing filler metal and assembly of bimetallic pipe include: selecting foil-shaped Ag-based or Ni-based brazing filler metal, wherein the thickness is 0.05 mm; uniformly wrapping the foil-shaped brazing filler metal on the inner-layer steel pipe before rolling, and inserting the inner-layer steel pipe before rolling into the outer-layer copper pipe before rolling; and controlling the clearance between the outer layer copper pipe before rolling and the inner layer steel pipe before rolling within the range of 1-2 mm.
Step four, the cold rolling assembly of the composite pipe comprises the following steps: selecting matched rollers according to the size of the steel-copper composite pipe to be rolled, and selecting a solid core rod with the diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the inner-layer steel pipe;
inserting a solid core rod into the inner layer steel pipe, and controlling the clearance between the core rod and the inner layer steel pipe within 0.15 mm; rolling the brazing assembly by using a tube rolling machine, measuring the size of an outer-layer copper tube on line after each rolling process is finished, and finely adjusting the gap of a roller according to a target value until the size is qualified; controlling the deformation of the outer copper pipe to be 20% -30% each time, forming a metal composite pipe to be brazed after rolling, removing oil stains on the surface of the metal composite pipe to be brazed, ultrasonically cleaning the metal composite pipe in absolute ethyl alcohol for 30 minutes, and blow-drying the metal composite pipe for later use.
The fifth step comprises the following steps: cutting off 50mm of each of two ends of a metal composite pipe to be brazed to prevent oil stains in the rolling process from influencing a brazed joint;
meanwhile, macroscopic metallographic detection is carried out by utilizing the cut stub bar to determine that the gap between the copper pipe and the stainless steel pipe is controlled within 0.00-0.05mm so as to ensure the effect of vacuum brazing in the later period.
Step six, the rolled composite tube is subjected to vacuum brazing, and the method comprises the following steps: the brazed assembly is placed in a vacuum furnace and vacuum brazing is simultaneously carried out according to the following steps
Step 6.1: vacuumizing to 8X 10-3Pa, heating from room temperature to 600 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes;
step 6.2: heating to 600-760 ℃ for 30 minutes, and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes;
step 6.3: heating to 760-815 deg.C for 30min, and keeping the temperature for 30 min;
step 6.4: cooling to 600 ℃ along with the furnace;
step 6.5: filling nitrogen, and cooling to room temperature with a fan at a cooling speed of about 10 deg.C/min.
The method can uniformly fill a predetermined amount of brazing filler metal, and ensures that the control brazing gaps at any position of the composite pipe are the same, thereby ensuring that the brazing rate is over 95 percent; the invention ensures that the brazing gap between the components to be brazed is 0-0.02mm, and is particularly suitable for small brazing gap high-strength connection.
The size of the composite pipe manufactured by the method is not limited by the length, and the method is particularly suitable for the brazing connection of the metal composite pipe with the outer layer of the metal pipe with a large thermal expansion coefficient and the inner layer of the metal pipe with a small thermal expansion coefficient.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a rolling brazing connection method for a high-brazing-rate composite pipe, which mainly ensures the brazing clearance of a steel and copper composite pipe through rolling so as to obtain a high-quality brazed joint, and has the following specific effects:
1) the method can avoid the influence of the processing error of the bimetal pipe to be brazed and connected on the quality of the brazed joint. Meanwhile, the brazing gap between the copper pipe and the stainless steel pipe can be accurately determined by performing macroscopic metallographic detection on the stub bars cut from the two ends of the composite pipe to be brazed;
2) the uniformity of the brazing gap of the composite pipes to be brazed and connected in the circumferential range is ensured through rolling, so that a vacuum brazing joint with the brazing rate of 100% is obtained;
3) the metal composite pipe prepared by the method has higher strength because the width of the brazing joint is smaller than that of the common joint;
4) the brazing filler metal is filled into the composite pipe to be brazed and connected in advance, so that the defect of limitation of the length of the metal composite pipe caused by the overflowing distance of the brazing filler metal in the conventional method is overcome;
5) the method can realize the close fit of the bimetal composite pipe to be brazed, and avoids the hot assembly process before the brazing of the upper layer and the lower layer of the metal composite pipe with large thermal expansion coefficient;
6) in the case of the same or different brazing filler metals using the brazing method, the method is also applicable to the brazing connection of the multilayer metal composite pipe.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a composite tube structure prior to rolling as described in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite tube before rolling according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a rolled composite tube designed in the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a rolled composite tube designed in the present invention.
Wherein: 1-outer copper pipe before rolling, 2-foil brazing filler metal, 3-inner steel pipe before rolling, 4-roller, 5-inner steel pipe after rolling, 6-outer copper pipe after rolling
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
a rolling brazing connection method for a thermonuclear fusion reactor high-brazed rate composite tube comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: surface treatment of copper pipe parts; the method comprises the following steps: the double-layer composite pipe to be brazed is in a double-layer coaxial assembly pipe structure, wherein the inner layer pipe is a steel pipe; the outer layer pipe is a copper pipe, and the brazing filler metal is thin; the inner and outer layer pipes are subjected to size inspection by adopting an inner and outer diameter micrometer, so that the inner and outer layer pipes meet the basic requirements of rolling.
Wherein the outer diameter of the outer copper pipe before rolling is 2-30mm, the thickness is 2-10mm, the oil stain and the oxidation film on the inner surface and the outer surface of the outer copper pipe are removed by 1200-mesh sand paper, then the outer copper pipe before rolling is placed in absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning for 30-60 minutes, and then is dried for standby.
Step two: surface treatment of the steel pipe component; the method comprises the following steps: the outer diameter of the inner layer steel pipe before rolling is 2-30mm, the thickness of the inner layer steel pipe before rolling is 2-10mm, oil stain and an oxidation film are removed from the inner surface and the outer surface of the inner layer steel pipe before rolling by using 1200-mesh abrasive paper, then the inner layer steel pipe before rolling is placed in absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning for 30-60 minutes, and then the inner layer steel pipe is dried for standby.
Step three: selecting brazing filler metal and assembling a bimetallic tube; the method comprises the following steps: selecting foil-shaped Ag-based or Ni-based brazing filler metal, wherein the thickness is 0.05 mm; uniformly wrapping the foil-shaped brazing filler metal on the inner-layer steel pipe before rolling, and inserting the inner-layer steel pipe before rolling into the outer-layer copper pipe before rolling; and controlling the clearance between the outer layer copper pipe before rolling and the inner layer steel pipe before rolling within the range of 1-2 mm.
Step four: cold rolling and assembling the composite pipe; the method comprises the following steps: selecting matched rollers according to the size of the steel-copper composite pipe to be rolled, and selecting a solid core rod with the diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the inner-layer steel pipe;
inserting a solid core rod into the inner layer steel pipe, and controlling the clearance between the core rod and the inner layer steel pipe within 0.15 mm; rolling the brazing assembly by using a tube rolling machine, measuring the size of an outer-layer copper tube on line after each rolling process is finished, and finely adjusting the gap of a roller according to a target value until the size is qualified; controlling the deformation of the outer copper pipe to be 20% -30% each time, forming a metal composite pipe to be brazed after rolling, removing oil stains on the surface of the metal composite pipe to be brazed, ultrasonically cleaning the metal composite pipe in absolute ethyl alcohol for 30 minutes, and blow-drying the metal composite pipe for later use.
Step five: the brazing clearance and the cleanliness of the cold-rolled assembled composite pipe are checked; the method comprises the following steps: cutting off 50mm of each of two ends of a metal composite pipe to be brazed to prevent oil stains in the rolling process from influencing a brazed joint;
meanwhile, macroscopic metallographic detection is carried out by utilizing the cut stub bar to determine that the gap between the copper pipe and the stainless steel pipe is controlled within 0.00-0.05mm so as to ensure the effect of vacuum brazing in the later period.
Step six: vacuum brazing of rolled composite tubes comprising: the brazed assembly was placed in a vacuum furnace and vacuum brazing was simultaneously carried out according to the following procedure, which is described in detail below using SCP1 brazing filler material ag68.4cu26.6pd5 brazing filler metal as an example,
step 6.1: vacuumizing to 8X 10-3Pa, heating from room temperature to 600 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes;
step 6.2: heating to 600-760 ℃ for 30 minutes, and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes;
step 6.3: heating to 760-815 deg.C for 30min, and keeping the temperature for 30 min;
step 6.4: cooling to 600 ℃ along with the furnace;
step 6.5: filling nitrogen, and cooling to room temperature with a fan at a cooling speed of about 10 deg.C/min.
The method can uniformly fill a predetermined amount of brazing filler metal, and ensures that the control brazing gaps at any position of the composite pipe are the same, thereby ensuring that the brazing rate is over 95 percent; the invention ensures that the brazing gap between the components to be brazed is 0-0.02mm, and is particularly suitable for small brazing gap high-strength connection.
The size of the composite pipe manufactured by the method is not limited by the length, and the method is particularly suitable for the brazing connection of the metal composite pipe with the outer layer of the metal pipe with a large thermal expansion coefficient and the inner layer of the metal pipe with a small thermal expansion coefficient.
Example 1:
prepared by using a 1 meter long 316L stainless steel pipe (inner layer) and a T2 pure copper bar (outer layer) composite pipe (serving at a very low temperature of 4K, and adopting SCP1 solder Ag68.4Cu26.6Pd5 solder)
Selecting a T2R-state pure copper pipe with the specification of phi 28mm by 5mm and the length of 600 mm. The straightness tolerance of the copper tube is required to be 0.2mm/100 mm.
And step two, selecting a 316L stainless steel pipe with the specification of phi 17.15mm by 2.31mm and the length of 1m, wherein the straightness tolerance of the stainless steel pipe is not more than 0.2mm/100 mm.
And step three, cleaning oxides, impurities and the like of the copper pipe and the stainless steel pipe by using 1200-mesh abrasive paper. Then, the mixture was washed with 10% nitric acid. And then, placing the copper pipe and the stainless steel pipe into absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning and then blowing for later use. And selecting a foil-shaped AgCu272 brazing filler metal with the thickness of 0.1mm, and uniformly coating the brazing filler metal on the steel pipe by one layer. Then penetrating the steel pipe wrapped by the brazing filler metal into the copper pipe, and sealing the gap between the two ends by using glass cement; selecting a core rod with the diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the stainless steel pipe, and controlling the clearance between the core rod and the inner diameter of the stainless steel pipe to be 0.2-0.4 mm.
And step four, rolling a three-layer structure of the copper pipe, the brazing filler metal and the stainless steel pipe by adopting a pilger mill, wherein the deformation amount of the copper pipe in each pass is controlled within 15-25%. After rolling, removing oil stains on the surface by using petroleum ether, ultrasonically cleaning the composite pipe in absolute ethyl alcohol for 30 minutes, removing a stub bar at the end 2 of the composite pipe, and drying the stub bar for later use. Macroscopic metallographic examination is carried out on the stub bar to confirm that the gap between the rolled copper pipe and the stainless steel pipe is controlled within 0-0.05 mm.
Putting the brazing assembly in a vacuum furnace, and performing vacuum brazing simultaneously according to the following process, wherein the specific process is as follows: vacuum-pumping to 5 × 10-3Pa,0-600 ℃ (2h), keeping the temperature for 1h, 600 ℃ -760 ℃ (30min), keeping the temperature for 30min, 760 ℃ -815 ℃ (30min), keeping the temperature for 30min at 815 ℃, cooling along with the furnace to below 600 ℃, filling nitrogen, quickly cooling to 80 ℃, and taking out the workpiece.
Example 2:
preparation of composite pipe of 316L stainless steel pipe (inner layer) 1m long and T2 pure copper bar (outer layer)
(solder of Ag72Cu28 used at extremely low temperature)
Selecting a T2R-state pure copper pipe with specification phi of 28mm x 5mm and length of 500 mm. The straightness tolerance of the copper tube is required to be 0.2mm/100 mm.
And step two, selecting a 316L stainless steel pipe with the specification of phi 17.15mm by 2.31mm and the length of 1m, wherein the straightness tolerance of the stainless steel pipe is not more than 0.2mm/100 mm.
And step three, cleaning oxides, impurities and the like of the copper pipe and the stainless steel pipe by using 1200-mesh abrasive paper. Then, the mixture was washed with 10% nitric acid. And then, placing the copper pipe and the stainless steel pipe into absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning and then blowing for later use. Selecting a foil-shaped AgCu272 solder with the thickness of 0.1mm,
and step four, electroplating a layer of 5 mu m nickel on the 316L steel pipe by using an electroplating method to improve the wettability of the brazing filler metal on the outer surface of the stainless steel.
And step five, uniformly coating the brazing filler metal on the steel pipe by one layer. Then penetrating the steel pipe wrapped by the brazing filler metal into the copper pipe, and sealing the gap between the two ends by using glass cement; selecting a core rod with the diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the stainless steel pipe, and controlling the clearance between the core rod and the inner diameter of the stainless steel pipe to be 0.2-0.4 mm.
And step six, rolling a three-layer structure of the copper pipe, the brazing filler metal and the stainless steel pipe by adopting a pilger mill, wherein the deformation amount of the copper pipe in each pass is controlled within 15-25%. After rolling, removing oil stains on the surface by using petroleum ether, ultrasonically cleaning the composite pipe in absolute ethyl alcohol for 30 minutes, removing a stub bar at the end 2 of the composite pipe, and drying the stub bar for later use. Macroscopic metallographic examination is carried out on the stub bar to confirm that the gap between the rolled copper pipe and the stainless steel pipe is controlled within 0-0.05 mm.
Putting the brazing assembly in a vacuum furnace, and performing vacuum brazing simultaneously according to the following process, wherein the specific process is as follows: vacuum-pumping to 5 × 10-3Pa,0-600 ℃ (2h), keeping the temperature for 1h, 600 ℃ -760 ℃ (30min), keeping the temperature for 30min, 760 ℃ -800 ℃ (30min), keeping the temperature for 30min at 800 ℃, cooling along with the furnace to below 600 ℃, filling nitrogen, quickly cooling to 80 ℃, and taking out the workpiece.
Example 3:
preparation of 1m long alloy718 tube (inner layer) and CuZrCr (outer layer) composite tube
(working at high temperature, using BNi2 solder)
Step one, selecting a CuZrCr copper pipe with specification of phi 20mm by 5mm and length of 500 mm. The straightness tolerance of the copper tube is required to be 0.2mm/100 mm.
And step two, selecting an alloy718 tube with the specification of phi 10mm by 3mm and the length of 1m, wherein the straightness of the alloy718 tube is required to be 0.2mm/100 mm.
And step three, cleaning oxides, impurities and the like of the CuZrCr copper pipe and the alloy718 pipe by using 1200-mesh sand paper. Then, the mixture was washed with 10% nitric acid. And then placing the CuZrCr copper tube and the alloy718 tube into absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning and then blowing dry for later use. The foil-shaped BNi2 brazing filler metal with the thickness of 0.02mm is selected,
and step four, uniformly wrapping three layers of alloy718 by using brazing filler metal. Then penetrating the alloy718 tube wrapped by the brazing filler metal into a copper tube, and sealing gaps at two ends by using glass cement;
and step five, rolling a three-layer structure of the copper pipe, the brazing filler metal and the alloy718 pipe by adopting a pilger mill, wherein the deformation of the copper pipe in each pass is controlled within 10-20%. After rolling, removing oil stains on the surface by using petroleum ether, ultrasonically cleaning the composite pipe in absolute ethyl alcohol for 30 minutes, removing a stub bar at the end 2 of the composite pipe, and drying the stub bar for later use. Macroscopic metallographic examination is carried out on the stub bar to confirm that the gap between the rolled copper pipe and the stainless steel pipe is controlled within 0-0.15 mm.
Putting the brazing assembly in a vacuum furnace, and performing vacuum brazing simultaneously according to the following process, wherein the specific process is as follows: vacuum-pumping to 1 × 10-2Pa,0-600 ℃ (2h), preserving heat for 1h, 600 ℃ -800 ℃ (1h), preserving heat for 30 minutes, 800 ℃ -1020 ℃ (1h), preserving heat for 30min at 1020 ℃, cooling along with the furnace to below 600 ℃, filling nitrogen, rapidly cooling to 80 ℃, and taking out the workpiece.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The prior art can be adopted in the content which is not described in detail in the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A rolling brazing connection method for a thermonuclear fusion reactor high-brazing-rate composite tube is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: surface treatment of copper pipe parts;
step two: surface treatment of the steel pipe component;
step three: selecting brazing filler metal and assembling a bimetallic tube;
step four: cold rolling and assembling the composite pipe;
step five: the brazing clearance and the cleanliness of the cold-rolled assembled composite pipe are checked;
step six: and (4) performing vacuum brazing on the rolled composite pipe.
2. The method for roll-brazing connection of the thermonuclear fusion reactor high-brazing rate clad pipe according to claim 1, wherein the step one, surface treatment of the copper pipe part, comprises: the double-layer composite pipe to be brazed is in a double-layer coaxial assembly pipe structure, wherein the inner layer pipe is a steel pipe; the outer layer pipe is a copper pipe, the brazing filler metal is thin, and the brazing filler metal wraps the outer surface of the inner layer pipe; the inner and outer layer pipes are subjected to size inspection by adopting an inner and outer diameter micrometer, so that the inner and outer layer pipes meet the basic requirements of rolling.
Wherein the outer diameter of the outer copper pipe before rolling is 2-30mm, the thickness is 2-10mm, the oil stain and the oxidation film on the inner surface and the outer surface of the outer copper pipe are removed by 1200-mesh sand paper, then the outer copper pipe before rolling is placed in absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning for 30-60 minutes, and then is dried for standby.
3. The method for roll brazing connection of the thermonuclear fusion reactor high-brazing-rate clad pipe as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and step two, the surface treatment of the steel pipe part comprises the following steps: the outer diameter of the inner layer steel pipe before rolling is 2-30mm, the thickness of the inner layer steel pipe before rolling is 2-10mm, oil stain and an oxidation film are removed from the inner surface and the outer surface of the inner layer steel pipe before rolling by using 1200-mesh abrasive paper, then the inner layer steel pipe before rolling is placed in absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning for 30-60 minutes, and then the inner layer steel pipe is dried for standby.
4. The rolling brazing connection method for the thermonuclear fusion reactor high-brazing-rate composite tube according to claim 3, characterized in that: the third step is that: selection of brazing filler metal and assembly of bimetallic pipe include: selecting foil-shaped Ag-based or Ni-based brazing filler metal, wherein the thickness is 0.05 mm; uniformly wrapping the foil-shaped brazing filler metal on the inner-layer steel pipe before rolling, and inserting the inner-layer steel pipe before rolling into the outer-layer copper pipe before rolling; and controlling the clearance between the outer layer copper pipe before rolling and the inner layer steel pipe before rolling within the range of 1-2 mm.
5. The method for roll brazing connection of the thermonuclear fusion reactor high-brazing-rate clad pipe as claimed in claim 4, wherein: step four, the cold rolling assembly of the composite pipe comprises the following steps: selecting matched rollers according to the size of the steel-copper composite pipe to be rolled, and selecting a solid core rod with the diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the inner-layer steel pipe;
inserting a solid core rod into the inner layer steel pipe, and controlling the clearance between the core rod and the inner layer steel pipe within 0.15 mm; rolling the brazing assembly by using a tube rolling machine, measuring the size of an outer-layer copper tube on line after each rolling process is finished, and finely adjusting the gap of a roller according to a target value until the size is qualified; controlling the deformation of the outer copper pipe to be 20% -30% each time, forming a metal composite pipe to be brazed after rolling, removing oil stains on the surface of the metal composite pipe to be brazed, ultrasonically cleaning the metal composite pipe in absolute ethyl alcohol for 30 minutes, and blow-drying the metal composite pipe for later use.
6. The method for roll brazing connection of the thermonuclear fusion reactor high-brazing-rate clad pipe as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the fifth step comprises the following steps: cutting off 50mm of each of two ends of a metal composite pipe to be brazed to prevent oil stains in the rolling process from influencing a brazed joint;
meanwhile, macroscopic metallographic detection is carried out by utilizing the cut stub bar to determine that the gap between the copper pipe and the stainless steel pipe is controlled within 0.00-0.05mm so as to ensure the effect of vacuum brazing in the later period.
7. The method for roll brazing connection of the thermonuclear fusion reactor high-brazing-rate clad pipe as claimed in claim 6, wherein: step six, the rolled composite tube is subjected to vacuum brazing, and the method comprises the following steps: the brazed assembly is placed in a vacuum furnace and vacuum brazing is simultaneously carried out according to the following steps
Step 6.1: vacuumizing to 8X 10-3Pa, heating from room temperature to 600 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes;
step 6.2: heating to 600-760 ℃ for 30 minutes, and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes;
step 6.3: heating to 760-815 deg.C for 30min, and keeping the temperature for 30 min;
step 6.4: cooling to 600 ℃ along with the furnace;
step 6.5: filling nitrogen, and cooling to room temperature with a fan at a cooling speed of about 10 deg.C/min.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117182243A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-12-08 | 中国科学技术大学 | Novel process for brazing micro-nano multilayer composite structure on inner wall of metal round tube |
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