CN112217277B - UPS main bypass switching system - Google Patents

UPS main bypass switching system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112217277B
CN112217277B CN202011104856.5A CN202011104856A CN112217277B CN 112217277 B CN112217277 B CN 112217277B CN 202011104856 A CN202011104856 A CN 202011104856A CN 112217277 B CN112217277 B CN 112217277B
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bypass
resistor
module
relay
switching
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CN112217277A (en
Inventor
赵子龙
郭子夜
曹会平
田永立
贾振杰
范冬兴
王红坡
逯曼
张红秀
赵劲
葛雪川
王海涛
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Shijiazhuang Tonghe Electronics Co Ltd
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Shijiazhuang Tonghe Electronics Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a UPS main bypass switching system, which belongs to the technical field of electrical equipment and comprises: the system comprises a control module, a main circuit power supply module, a bypass power supply module, a main circuit driving module, a bypass driving module, a main circuit switching module and a bypass switching module; the control module is respectively connected with the main circuit power supply module, the bypass power supply module, the main circuit driving module and the bypass driving module; the main path power supply module and the main path driving module are connected with the main path switching module, the bypass power supply module and the bypass driving module are connected with the bypass switching module, and the main path switching module is connected with the bypass switching module.

Description

UPS main bypass switching system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical equipment, and particularly relates to a UPS main bypass switching system.
Background
With the development of modern technology, people have higher and higher requirements on a power supply system, and the attention degree on the power technology is gradually improved. The equipment performance is improved, and the quality of a power supply system also needs to be improved correspondingly. UPS (Uninterruptible Power supply) is a novel Power supply System, which is mainly applied to computer information systems, communication systems, data network centers and key Power supply occasions, and can provide stable and uninterrupted Power supply for application systems and ensure the stable operation of equipment.
The uninterrupted power supply of the device requires that the switching time of the UPS power supply must meet the device requirement to ensure the stable operation of the device, and therefore, how to realize the fast switching of the main bypass of the UPS becomes a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a UPS main bypass switching system to realize the rapid switching of a UPS main bypass.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the UPS main bypass switching system comprises a control module, a main circuit power supply module, a bypass power supply module, a main circuit driving module, a bypass driving module, a main circuit switching module and a bypass switching module;
the control module is respectively connected with the main circuit power supply module, the bypass power supply module, the main circuit driving module and the bypass driving module; the main road power supply module and the main road driving module are connected with the main road switching module, the bypass power supply module and the bypass driving module are connected with the bypass switching module, and the main road switching module is connected with the bypass switching module;
if the control module detects that switching from the main circuit to the bypass of the UPS is required, acquiring bypass output voltage from the bypass power supply module, determining a switching voltage value according to the bypass output voltage, and sequentially outputting a first control signal to the main circuit power supply module, a second control signal to the bypass driving module, and a third control signal to the main circuit driving module; the first control signal is used for instructing the main circuit power supply module to adjust the main circuit output voltage to a switching voltage value, the second control signal is used for instructing the bypass driving module to drive the bypass switching module to turn on the bypass, and the third control signal is used for instructing the main circuit driving module to drive the main circuit switching module to turn off the main circuit after the bypass is turned on for a preset time;
if the control module detects that switching from the UPS bypass to the main road needs to be carried out, a fourth control signal is output to the main road driving module; the fourth control signal is used for instructing the main circuit driving module to drive the main circuit switching module to conduct the main circuit.
Optionally, the main circuit driving module includes a static switch driving unit and an inverter relay driving unit, and the main circuit switching module includes a static switch unit and an inverter relay unit;
the static switch driving unit and the inversion relay driving unit are connected with the control module, the static switch driving unit is also connected with the static switch unit, and the inversion relay driving unit is also connected with the inversion relay unit; and the static switch unit is connected with the inverter relay unit in parallel and then connected with the bypass switching module.
Optionally, the static switch driving unit includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a first triode, a first photocoupler and a second photocoupler;
the first end of the first resistor is used for receiving a control signal of the control module, the second end of the first resistor is connected with the base electrode of the first triode and the first end of the second resistor, and the second end of the second resistor is connected with the emitting electrode of the first triode and then connected with a protective ground;
the collector of the first triode is connected with the negative input end of the first photoelectric coupler;
the first end of the third resistor is connected with a driving power supply, the second end of the third resistor is connected with the positive input end of the second photoelectric coupler, and the negative input end of the second photoelectric coupler is connected with the positive input end of the first photoelectric coupler;
and the collector output end and the emitter output end of the first photoelectric coupler are respectively connected with the first input end and the second input end of the static switch unit, and the collector output end and the emitter output end of the second photoelectric coupler are respectively connected with the third input end and the fourth input end of the static switch unit.
Optionally, the bypass driving module includes a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a second triode, and a third triode;
the first end of the fourth resistor is connected with the first end of the sixth resistor, and the first end of the fourth resistor is used for receiving a control signal of the control module;
a second end of the fourth resistor is connected with a first end of the fifth resistor and a base electrode of the second triode, a second end of the fifth resistor is connected with an emitting electrode of the second triode and then connected with a protective ground, and a collector electrode of the second triode is connected with a first input end of the bypass switching module;
the second end of the sixth resistor is connected with the first end of the seventh resistor and the base of the third triode, the second end of the seventh resistor is connected with the emitter of the third triode and then connected with the protective ground, and the collector of the third triode is connected with the second input end of the bypass switching module.
Optionally, the inverter relay driving unit includes an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, a fourth triode, and a fifth triode;
a first end of the eighth resistor is connected with a first end of the tenth resistor, and the first end of the eighth resistor is used for receiving a control signal of the control module;
a second end of the eighth resistor is connected with a first end of the ninth resistor and a base electrode of the fourth triode, a second end of the ninth resistor is connected with an emitting electrode of the fourth triode and then connected with a protective ground, and a collector electrode of the fourth triode is connected with a first input end of the inverter relay unit;
the second end of the tenth resistor is connected with the first end of the eleventh resistor and the base electrode of the fifth triode, the second end of the eleventh resistor is connected with the emitting electrode of the fifth triode and then connected with a protective ground, and the collector electrode of the fifth triode is connected with the second input end of the inverter relay unit.
Optionally, the static switch unit includes a first static switch subunit and a second static switch subunit, the inverter relay unit includes a first inverter relay subunit and a second inverter relay subunit, and the bypass switching module includes a first bypass relay unit and a second bypass relay unit;
the first end of the first static switch subunit is connected with the first end of the first inversion relay subunit and the live wire end of the main circuit power supply module, and the second end of the first static switch subunit is connected with the second end of the first inversion relay subunit and the first end of the first bypass relay unit;
a first end of the second static switch subunit is connected with a first end of the second inverter relay subunit and a zero line end of the main circuit power supply module, and a second end of the second static switch subunit is connected with a second end of the second inverter relay subunit and a first end of the second bypass relay unit;
the second end of the first bypass relay unit is a live wire output end of the UPS main bypass switching circuit, and the second end of the second bypass relay unit is a zero line output end of the UPS main bypass switching circuit.
Optionally, the first static switch subunit includes a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a first static switch, and a first capacitor, and the first inverter relay subunit includes a first relay and a first diode;
the first input end of the first relay is the first input end of the inversion relay unit, the second input end of the first relay is connected with a driving power supply, the first contact of the first relay is the first end of the first inversion relay subunit, and the second contact of the first relay is the second end of the first inversion relay subunit;
the anode end of the first diode is connected with the first input end of the first relay, and the cathode end of the first diode is connected with the second input end of the first relay;
a first end of the first capacitor is a first end of the first static switch subunit, a first end of the first static switch is a second end of the first static switch subunit, a first end of the thirteenth resistor is a first input end of the static switch unit, and a first end of the fourteenth resistor is a second input end of the static switch unit;
a first end of the first capacitor is connected with a second end of the first static switch and a second end of the thirteenth resistor, a second end of the first capacitor is connected with a first end of the twelfth resistor, and a second end of the twelfth resistor is connected with a first end of the first static switch and a second end of the fourteenth resistor;
a first end of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the gate of the first static switch.
Optionally, the first bypass relay unit comprises a second relay and a second diode;
a first input end of the second relay is a first input end of the inverter relay unit, a second input end of the second relay is connected with a driving power supply, a first contact of the second relay is a first end of the first bypass relay unit, and a second contact of the second relay is a second end of the first bypass relay unit;
and the anode end of the second diode is connected with the first input end of the second relay, and the cathode end of the second diode is connected with the second input end of the second relay.
Optionally, the method for the control module to detect whether switching from the main path to the bypass of the UPS needs to be performed includes:
if the control module detects that the output of the UPS inverter is overloaded or fails, the switching from the main circuit of the UPS to the bypass is judged to be needed;
the method for detecting whether the switching from the UPS bypass to the main road needs to be carried out by the control module comprises the following steps:
and if the control module detects that the UPS output is normal or the fault is relieved or detects that the UPS bypass is powered off, judging that the switching from the UPS bypass to the main circuit needs to be carried out.
Optionally, the method for detecting the UPS bypass power failure by the control module includes:
acquiring instantaneous values of bypass output voltage from a bypass power supply module for multiple times at preset time intervals to obtain multiple voltage sampling points;
determining the change rate of the instantaneous value of the bypass output voltage near the zero point according to the plurality of voltage sampling points;
and detecting whether the UPS bypass is powered down or not based on the times that the plurality of voltage sampling points are larger than the preset voltage value and the change rate.
The UPS main bypass switching system provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
when switching from the UPS main circuit to the bypass is carried out, the control module can control the main circuit output voltage to be adjusted according to the bypass output voltage, then the bypass is conducted, and the main circuit is closed. When switching from the UPS bypass to the main road is carried out, the control module can directly control the main road driving module to drive the main road switching module to conduct the main road, and quick switching from the UPS bypass to the main road can be achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a UPS main bypass switching system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a static switch driving unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a bypass driving module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an inverter relay driving unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a main circuit switching module and a bypass switching module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a UPS main bypass switching system according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the UPS main bypass switching system includes:
the main circuit comprises a control module 11, a main circuit power supply module 12, a bypass power supply module 13, a main circuit driving module 14, a bypass driving module 15, a main circuit switching module 16 and a bypass switching module 17.
The control module 11 is connected to the main circuit power supply module 12 and the bypass power supply module 13, respectively, and is configured to obtain an output voltage of the main circuit power supply module 12 and/or the bypass power supply module 13, or to output a control signal to adjust the output voltage of the main circuit power supply module 12 and/or the bypass power supply module 13.
The control module 11 is connected to the main driving module 14 and the bypass driving module 15, respectively, and is configured to send a control signal to the main driving module 14 and/or the bypass driving module 15, so as to control the main driving module 14 and/or the bypass driving module 15 to generate a corresponding driving signal.
The main road power supply module 12 and the main road driving module 14 are connected with the main road switching module 16, the bypass power supply module 13 and the bypass driving module 15 are connected with the bypass switching module 17, and the main road switching module 16 is connected with the bypass switching module 17.
If the control module 11 detects that switching from the main circuit to the bypass of the UPS needs to be performed, the control module obtains the bypass output voltage from the bypass power supply module 13, determines the switching voltage value according to the bypass output voltage, and sequentially outputs a first control signal to the main circuit power supply module 12, a second control signal to the bypass driving module 15, and a third control signal to the main circuit driving module 14. The first control signal is used for instructing the main circuit power supply module 12 to adjust the main circuit output voltage to a switching voltage value, the second control signal is used for instructing the bypass driving module 15 to drive the bypass switching module 17 to turn on the bypass, and the third control signal is used for instructing the main circuit driving module 14 to drive the main circuit switching module 16 to turn off the main circuit after the bypass is turned on for a preset time.
If the control module 11 detects that the switching from the UPS bypass to the main circuit needs to be performed, it outputs a fourth control signal to the main circuit driving module 14. The fourth control signal is used to instruct the main circuit driving module 14 to drive the main circuit switching module 16 to turn on the main circuit.
In this embodiment, determining the switching voltage value according to the bypass output voltage may be detailed as: the bypass output voltage is directly used as a switching voltage value, or the switching voltage value is close to the bypass output voltage, so that the phase of the switching voltage value follows the phase of the bypass output voltage (namely, the difference value between the switching voltage value and the bypass output voltage is set to be smaller than a preset threshold value, and the phase of the switching voltage value is set to follow the phase of the bypass output voltage). It is known that when switching of a main bypass of a UPS, bypass output and main output can be connected in parallel for a short time, and when a voltage difference between main output voltage and bypass output voltage is large, a large circulating current can be connected in parallel for a short time, and a circuit module can be damaged seriously.
Specifically, the normal main circuit output voltage is 220Vac, when the main circuit output is switched to the bypass output, the main circuit output voltage is adjusted to be close to the bypass output voltage for switching, so that the loop current is very small, when the bypass output works with load, the main circuit output tracks the bypass output voltage, and the loop current is also very small when the bypass output switches to the main circuit output, so that the loop current of the circuit can be reduced while the main bypass is switched fast. Optionally, the main circuit output voltage is readjusted to 220Vac after the switching is completed.
In this embodiment, when switching from the main path to the bypass of the UPS, the control module controls to adjust the output voltage of the main path according to the output voltage of the bypass, and then turns on the bypass and turns off the main path. When switching from the UPS bypass to the main road is carried out, the control module can directly control the main road driving module to drive the main road switching module to conduct the main road, and quick switching from the UPS bypass to the main road can be achieved.
Optionally, as a specific implementation manner of the UPS main bypass switching system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the main circuit driving module includes a static switch driving unit and an inverter relay driving unit, and the main circuit switching module includes a static switch unit and an inverter relay unit.
The static switch driving unit and the inversion relay driving unit are connected with the control module and used for receiving the control signal of the control module and generating a corresponding driving signal according to the control signal.
The static switch driving unit is also connected with the static switch unit to control the on/off of the static switch in the static switch unit.
The inversion relay driving unit is also connected with the inversion relay unit to control the on/off of the relay in the inversion relay unit.
And the static switch unit is connected with the bypass switching module after being connected with the inverter relay unit in parallel.
In this embodiment, the known UPS power supply modes are divided into three types: a main power supply mode, a direct current power supply mode and a bypass power supply mode. The main circuit alternating current and the bypass alternating current are derived from two independent alternating currents and have no influence on each other. When the main circuit works normally, the alternating current of the main circuit is converted into direct current through the rectifying circuit and the power factor correction circuit to provide power for inversion. When the main circuit alternating current is abnormal, the main circuit alternating current is immediately switched to a direct current power supply mode, the battery provides power for inversion, and the output alternating voltage is uninterrupted.
In this embodiment, it is known that the output of the main circuit power supply mode and the output of the dc power supply mode are both inverter outputs, and for convenience of description, the output of the main circuit power supply mode and the output of the dc power supply mode are collectively referred to as the main circuit output or the inverter output.
In this embodiment, when the inverter output is overloaded or failed, the bypass ac power supply needs to be switched to, and when the overload or failure is eliminated, the inverter output needs to be switched to. The bypass switching inverter output is less than 4ms, if a relay is used as a change-over switch, the switching time does not meet the requirement, and the action time of the relay is about 10ms. The switching time of the static switch is very fast, generally in the us level, but the heat dissipation is difficult, and the module efficiency is reduced, and the cost of the static switch power module is increased because the static switch needs a heat sink to assist in heat dissipation. The switching time is met by the mode that the static switch is connected with the relay in parallel, and the static switch does not need a heat dissipation device, so that the switching cost is reduced, and the switching efficiency is effectively improved.
In the present embodiment, when the bypass output voltage is abnormal, it needs to switch to the main output immediately, and the switching time is less than 4ms. When the switching condition is met, the control module can simultaneously give control signals to the static switch driving unit and the inversion relay driving unit so that the static switch driving unit and the inversion relay driving unit respectively drive the static switch unit and the inversion relay unit, the static switch unit can be immediately conducted to meet the requirement of switching time, and the inversion relay unit is attracted after the preset time (usually 10 ms). After the inverter relay unit is attracted and switched on, the static switch unit can be short-circuited by the inverter relay unit, and current can pass through the inverter relay unit, so that the switching efficiency of a main bypass is improved, and the static switch does not need to be additionally provided with a heat radiating device.
In this embodiment, when the inverter fails or the output is overloaded by 150% (typically, the output is overloaded by 1 minute at this time), it is necessary to switch from the inverted output to the bypass output. In this embodiment, a phase-locked loop may be used to enable the phase of the inverter output voltage (i.e., the main circuit output voltage) to track the phase of the bypass input voltage, and when the output is overloaded by 150%, i.e., the control module times for 1 minute, the inverter output voltage is controlled to be adjusted to be close to the bypass input voltage, so as to reduce the circulating current of the module, and protect each circuit module. The static switch in the static switch unit belongs to a semi-controlled device, and can be continuously conducted for a period of time after a gate trigger signal is cancelled until alternating current is turned off after zero crossing, and the theoretical maximum delay turn-off time of the static switch is 10ms, so that when the inversion output voltage is close to the bypass input voltage, the control module can firstly control the bypass switching module to be conducted, and after the preset time (for example, after 10ms is delayed), the inversion relay unit and the static switch unit are controlled to be turned off, and at the moment, the inversion output and the bypass output are connected in parallel for a short time, and the seamless switching of the UPS main bypass can be realized.
Optionally, referring to fig. 2, as a specific implementation manner of the UPS main bypass switching system according to the embodiment of the present invention, the static switch driving unit includes a first resistor R153, a second resistor R154, a third resistor R147, a first triode Q16, a first photocoupler IC3, and a second photocoupler IC2.
A first end (corresponding to the staticiv end in fig. 2) of the first resistor R153 is configured to receive a control signal of the control module, a second end of the first resistor R153 is connected to the base of the first transistor Q16 and a first end of the second resistor R154, and a second end of the second resistor R154 is connected to the emitter of the first transistor Q16 and then connected to the protection ground PGND.
The collector of the first triode Q16 is connected to the negative input terminal of the first photocoupler IC 3.
The first end of the third resistor R147 is connected to the driving power supply +12VP, the second end of the third resistor R147 is connected to the positive input end of the second photoelectric coupler IC2, and the negative input end of the second photoelectric coupler IC2 is connected to the positive input end of the first photoelectric coupler IC 3.
A collector output end (corresponding to a terminal NetIC3_4 in fig. 2) and an emitter output end (corresponding to a terminal NetIC3_6 in fig. 2) of the first photoelectric coupler IC3 are respectively connected to a first input end and a second input end of the static switch unit, and a collector output end (corresponding to a terminal NetIC2_4 in fig. 2) and an emitter output end (corresponding to a terminal NetIC2_6 in fig. 2) of the second photoelectric coupler IC2 are respectively connected to a third input end and a fourth input end of the static switch unit.
Optionally, referring to fig. 3, as a specific implementation manner of the UPS main bypass switching system according to the embodiment of the present invention, the bypass driving module includes a fourth resistor R140, a fifth resistor R141, a sixth resistor R158, a seventh resistor R157, a second triode Q10, and a third triode Q18.
A first end of the fourth resistor R140 is connected to a first end of the sixth resistor R158, and the first end of the fourth resistor (corresponding to the RelayBypass end in fig. 3) is used for receiving a control signal of the control module.
A second end of the fourth resistor R140 is connected to a first end of the fifth resistor R141 and a base of the second transistor Q10, a second end of the fifth resistor R141 is connected to an emitter of the second transistor Q10 and then connected to the protection ground PGND, and a collector of the second transistor Q10 (corresponding to the NetD30_2 end in fig. 3) is connected to the first input end of the bypass switching module.
A second end of the sixth resistor R158 is connected to a first end of the seventh resistor R157 and a base of the third transistor Q18, a second end of the seventh resistor R157 is connected to an emitter of the third transistor Q18 and then connected to the protection ground PGND, and a collector of the third transistor Q18 (corresponding to the end NetD33_2 in fig. 3) is connected to the second input end of the bypass switching module.
Optionally, referring to fig. 4, as a specific implementation manner of the UPS main bypass switching system according to the embodiment of the present invention, the inverter relay driving unit includes an eighth resistor R155, a ninth resistor R156, a tenth resistor R151, an eleventh resistor R152, a fourth triode Q17, and a fifth triode Q12.
A first end of the eighth resistor R155 is connected to a first end of the tenth resistor R152, and a first end (corresponding to the relayint end in fig. 4) of the eighth resistor R155 is configured to receive a control signal of the control module.
A second end of the eighth resistor R155 is connected to a first end of the ninth resistor R156 and a base of the fourth transistor Q17, a second end of the ninth resistor R156 is connected to an emitter of the fourth transistor Q17 and then connected to the protection ground PGND, and a collector of the fourth transistor Q17 ((corresponding to the end NetD32_2 in fig. 4) is connected to the first input end of the inverter relay unit.
A second end of the tenth resistor R151 is connected to a first end of the eleventh resistor R152 and a base of the fifth transistor Q12, a second end of the eleventh resistor R152 is connected to an emitter of the fifth transistor Q12 and then connected to the protection ground PGND, and a collector of the fifth transistor Q12 (corresponding to the end NetD31_2 in fig. 4) is connected to a second input end of the inverter relay unit.
Optionally, referring to fig. 5, as a specific implementation manner of the UPS main bypass switching system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the static switch unit includes a first static switch subunit 51 and a second static switch subunit 52, the inverter relay unit includes a first inverter relay subunit 61 and a second inverter relay subunit 62, and the bypass switching module includes a first bypass relay unit 71 and a second bypass relay unit 72.
A first end of the first static switch subunit 51 is connected to a first end of the first inverter relay subunit 61 and a live wire end (corresponding to the Inv-L end in fig. 5) of the main circuit power supply module, and a second end of the first static switch subunit 51 is connected to a second end of the first inverter relay subunit 61 and a first end of the first bypass relay unit 71.
A first end of the second static switch subunit 52 is connected to a first end of the second inverter relay subunit 62 and a zero line end (corresponding to the Inv-N end in fig. 5) of the main circuit power supply module, and a second end of the second static switch subunit 52 is connected to a second end of the second inverter relay subunit 62 and a first end of the second bypass relay unit 72.
The second end of the first bypass relay unit 71 is a fire wire output end (corresponding to the AC bypass end in fig. 5) of the UPS main bypass switching circuit, and the second end of the second bypass relay unit 72 is a zero wire output end (corresponding to the AC bypass n end in fig. 5) of the UPS main bypass switching circuit.
Optionally, referring to fig. 5, as a specific implementation manner of the UPS main bypass switching system according to the embodiment of the present invention, the first static switch subunit 51 includes a twelfth resistor R129, a thirteenth resistor R132, a fourteenth resistor R134, a first static switch Q3, and a first capacitor C97, and the first inverter relay subunit 61 includes a first relay JK3 and a first diode D31.
A first input end (corresponding to the end NetD31_2 in fig. 5) of the first relay JK3 is a first input end of the inverter relay unit, a second input end of the first relay JK3 is connected to the driving power supply +12VP, a first contact of the first relay JK3 is a first end of the first inverter relay subunit, and a second contact of the first relay JK3 is a second end of the first inverter relay subunit.
An anode end of the first diode D31 is connected with a first input end of the first relay JK3, and a cathode end of the first diode D31 is connected with a second input end of the first relay JK 3.
The first end of the first capacitor C97 is a first end of the first static switch subunit 51, the first end of the first static switch Q3 is a second end of the first static switch subunit 51, the first end of the thirteenth resistor R132 is a first input end of the static switch unit (corresponding to the terminal NetIC3_4 in fig. 5), and the first end of the fourteenth resistor R134 is a second input end of the static switch unit (corresponding to the terminal NetIC3_6 in fig. 5).
A first end of the first capacitor C97 is connected to the second end of the first static switch Q3 and the second end of the thirteenth resistor R129, a second end of the first capacitor C97 is connected to the first end of the twelfth resistor R129, and a second end of the twelfth resistor R129 is connected to the first end of the first static switch Q3 and the second end of the fourteenth resistor R134.
A first terminal of the thirteenth resistor R132 is connected to the gate of the first static switch Q3.
Referring to fig. 5, the second static switch subunit 52 and the first static switch subunit 51 have the same structure and connection relationship, and are not repeated here, and similarly, the second inverter relay subunit 62 and the first inverter relay subunit 61 have the same structure and connection relationship.
Optionally, referring to fig. 5, as a specific implementation manner of the UPS main bypass switching system according to the embodiment of the present invention, the first bypass relay unit 71 includes a second relay JK2 and a second diode D30.
A first input end (corresponding to the end NetD30_2 in fig. 5) of the second relay JK2 is a first input end of the inverter relay unit, a second input end of the second relay JK2 is connected to the driving power supply +12VP, a first contact of the second relay JK2 is a first end of the first bypass relay unit, and a second contact of the second relay JK2 is a second end of the first bypass relay unit.
An anode end of the second diode D30 is connected to a first input end of the second relay JK2, and a cathode end of the second diode D30 is connected to a second input end of the second relay JK 2.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 5, the structure and the connection relationship of the second bypass relay unit 72 are the same as those of the first bypass relay unit 71, and are not described again here.
In this embodiment, when the inverter fails or the output is overloaded by 150% (typically, the output is overloaded by 1 minute), it is necessary to switch from the inverted output (i.e., the main output) to the bypass output. In this embodiment, a phase-locked loop may be used to enable the phase of the inverter output voltage (i.e., the main circuit output voltage) to track the phase of the bypass input voltage, and when the output is overloaded by 150%, i.e., the control module times for 1 minute, the inverter output voltage is controlled to be adjusted to be close to the bypass input voltage, so as to reduce the circulating current of the module, and thus, the circuit modules are protected. Specifically, the control module can turn on the relays JK2 and JK5 through the bypass driving module, and turn off the relays JK3 and JK4 and the static switches Q2 and Q3 through the main circuit driving module after a preset time (for example, after 10 ms), and at this time, the main circuit output and the bypass output are connected in parallel for a short time to realize 0ms switching. The contravariant is transshipped and is switched to the voltage of tracking bypass behind the bypass, when UPS dc-to-ac converter overload eliminated, control module then can switch on relay JK3, JK4 and static switch Q2, Q3, after predetermineeing time (for example after delaying for 10 ms) give and turn off relay JK2 and JK5, and the bypass output can realize that 0ms switches to the main road output this moment.
In this embodiment, when the main output is short-circuited, the control module detects that the main output is short-circuited, and immediately turns off the relays JK3 and JK4 and the static switches Q2 and Q3, and turns on the relays JK2 and JK5, so as to break the open of the short-circuited load device by the bypass, thereby ensuring seamless switching of the main bypass.
In this embodiment, a manner that the static switch and the relay are connected in parallel is adopted, and when the switching condition is satisfied, the control module can simultaneously control and conduct the static switches Q2 and Q3 and the relays JK3 and JK4, wherein the static switch (i.e., the static switch) can be immediately conducted to satisfy the requirement of the switching time. After the relays JK3 and JK4 are attracted and switched on, the static switches Q2 and Q3 are short-circuited by the relays JK3 and JK4, the current can pass through the relays JK3 and JK4, the module efficiency can be greatly improved, and the static switches are not required to be additionally provided with a heat dissipation device.
Optionally, as a specific implementation manner of the UPS main bypass switching system provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a method for a control module to detect whether switching from a UPS main path to a UPS bypass is required is:
and if the control module detects that the output of the UPS inverter is overloaded or fails, judging that the switching from the main circuit of the UPS to the bypass needs to be carried out.
The method for detecting whether switching from the UPS bypass to the main road needs to be carried out by the control module comprises the following steps:
and if the control module detects that the output of the UPS is normal or the fault is relieved or detects that the bypass of the UPS is powered off, judging that the switching from the bypass of the UPS to the main road needs to be carried out.
In this embodiment, if the control module detects that the output of the UPS inverter is overloaded or failed, it is determined that switching from the main UPS path to the bypass is required, and the switching from the main UPS path to the bypass is performed after a first preset time.
The method for determining the first preset time comprises the following steps:
when the output power of the UPS inverter is in the range of 105% -125% of the rated value, the first preset time can be 10min. When the output power of the UPS inverter is in the range of 125% -150% of the rated value, the first preset time can be 1min. When the output power of the UPS inverter exceeds 150% of the rated value or short circuit occurs, the bypass circuit is immediately switched, and the first preset time can be set to be 0. The bypass switching module has enough overload capacity to trip the power distribution switch, and after fault is eliminated, the bypass switching module can automatically recover to work. In principle, the tripping current of the distribution switch should be no more than 50% of the rated output current of the installation.
Optionally, as a specific implementation manner of the UPS main bypass switching system provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a method for detecting a power failure of the UPS bypass by the control module includes:
and obtaining the instantaneous value of the bypass output voltage from the bypass power supply module for multiple times to obtain multiple voltage sampling points.
The rate of change of the instantaneous value of the bypass output voltage around zero is determined from a plurality of voltage sampling points.
And detecting whether the UPS bypass is powered down or not based on the times that the plurality of voltage sampling points are larger than the preset voltage value and the change rate.
In this embodiment, the bypass power failure needs to be detected quickly for switching. Most of the existing bypass detection adopts a hardware detection method, wherein the hardware detection method is that bypass output voltage is subjected to step-down transformer, rectification and filtering, then is compared with threshold voltage set by a comparator, and output signals are sent to a control module for judgment. The hardware detection method not only increases the hardware cost, but also has the filtering delay, and the detection of the bypass voltage power failure needs more than 3 ms. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention adopts a method for detecting the power failure of the bypass by software, can save cost, reduce detection time (the detection time can be realized to be less than 1 ms), and realize seamless switching from the bypass to the main path.
In this embodiment, the predetermined time interval may be 40us, and the detection may be performed 20 times continuously (that is, only 800us is needed to obtain the detection result).
In this embodiment, since the instantaneous value of the bypass output voltage near the zero-crossing point is relatively easy to be misjudged, this embodiment avoids this by increasing the slope judgment (i.e., the slope, i.e., the rate of change of the instantaneous value of the bypass output voltage near the zero point). Specifically, the slope determination method comprises the following steps: and (3) dividing the time interval by the difference of the adjacent voltage sampling values near the zero crossing point to obtain the slope, namely delta U/delta t.
Because the sampling voltage is basically close to zero and the slope change is slow when the bypass is in power failure, and the slope near the zero crossing point is the maximum when the bypass voltage is normal, whether the UPS bypass is in power failure or not is detected based on the times that a plurality of voltage sampling points are larger than the preset voltage value and the change rate, which can be detailed as follows:
and if the values of the voltage sampling points after a certain moment in the plurality of sampling points are all smaller than a first preset voltage value or are all larger than a second preset voltage value, and the change rate of the instantaneous value of the bypass output voltage near the zero point is smaller than a preset slope, determining that the bypass is powered down. The preset slope may be set according to actual requirements, and is not limited herein.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A UPS primary bypass switching system, comprising:
the system comprises a control module, a main circuit power supply module, a bypass power supply module, a main circuit driving module, a bypass driving module, a main circuit switching module and a bypass switching module;
the control module is respectively connected with the main circuit power supply module, the bypass power supply module, the main circuit driving module and the bypass driving module; the main road power supply module and the main road driving module are connected with the main road switching module, the bypass power supply module and the bypass driving module are connected with the bypass switching module, and the main road switching module is connected with the bypass switching module;
if the control module detects that the switching from the UPS main circuit to the bypass is required, acquiring bypass output voltage from the bypass power supply module, determining a switching voltage value according to the bypass output voltage, and sequentially outputting a first control signal to the main circuit power supply module, outputting a second control signal to the bypass driving module, and outputting a third control signal to the main circuit driving module; the first control signal is used for instructing the main circuit power supply module to adjust a main circuit output voltage to a switching voltage value, the second control signal is used for instructing the bypass driving module to drive the bypass switching module to conduct a bypass, and the third control signal is used for instructing the main circuit driving module to drive the main circuit switching module to close a main circuit after the bypass is conducted for a preset time;
if the control module detects that switching from the UPS bypass to the main circuit needs to be carried out, a fourth control signal is output to the main circuit driving module; the fourth control signal is used for instructing the main circuit driving module to drive the main circuit switching module to conduct a main circuit;
the main circuit driving module comprises a static switch driving unit and an inversion relay driving unit, and the main circuit switching module comprises a static switch unit and an inversion relay unit;
the static switch driving unit and the inversion relay driving unit are connected with the control module, the static switch driving unit is also connected with the static switch unit, and the inversion relay driving unit is also connected with the inversion relay unit; the static switch unit is connected with the inverter relay unit in parallel and then connected with the bypass switching module;
when the switching condition from the UPS bypass to the main circuit is met, the control module is used for simultaneously giving control signals to the static switch driving unit and the inversion relay driving unit so that the static switch driving unit and the inversion relay driving unit respectively drive the static switch unit and the inversion relay unit, the static switch unit can be immediately conducted to meet the requirement of switching time, after the preset time is 10ms, the inversion relay unit is attracted, when the inversion relay unit is attracted and conducted, the static switch unit can be short-circuited by the inversion relay unit, and current can pass through the inversion relay unit.
2. The UPS main bypass switching system of claim 1, wherein the static switch drive unit comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a first triode, a first optocoupler, a second optocoupler;
the first end of the first resistor is used for receiving a control signal of the control module, the second end of the first resistor is connected with the base electrode of the first triode and the first end of the second resistor, and the second end of the second resistor is connected with the emitting electrode of the first triode and then connected with a protective ground;
the collector of the first triode is connected with the negative input end of the first photoelectric coupler;
the first end of the third resistor is connected with a driving power supply, the second end of the third resistor is connected with the positive input end of the second photoelectric coupler, and the negative input end of the second photoelectric coupler is connected with the positive input end of the first photoelectric coupler;
and the collector output end and the emitter output end of the first photoelectric coupler are respectively connected with the first input end and the second input end of the static switch unit, and the collector output end and the emitter output end of the second photoelectric coupler are respectively connected with the third input end and the fourth input end of the static switch unit.
3. The UPS main bypass switching system of claim 1, wherein the bypass drive module includes a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, a second transistor, and a third transistor;
the first end of the fourth resistor is connected with the first end of the sixth resistor, and the first end of the fourth resistor is used for receiving a control signal of the control module;
the second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the first end of the fifth resistor and the base electrode of the second triode, the second end of the fifth resistor is connected with the emitter electrode of the second triode and then is connected with the protective ground, and the collector electrode of the second triode is connected with the first input end of the bypass switching module;
the second end of the sixth resistor is connected with the first end of the seventh resistor and the base of the third triode, the second end of the seventh resistor is connected with the emitter of the third triode and then connected with a protective ground, and the collector of the third triode is connected with the second input end of the bypass switching module.
4. The UPS main bypass switching system of claim 1, wherein the inverter relay drive unit comprises an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor;
a first end of the eighth resistor is connected with a first end of the tenth resistor, and the first end of the eighth resistor is used for receiving a control signal of the control module;
a second end of the eighth resistor is connected with a first end of the ninth resistor and a base electrode of the fourth triode, a second end of the ninth resistor is connected with an emitting electrode of the fourth triode and then connected with a protective ground, and a collector electrode of the fourth triode is connected with a first input end of the inverter relay unit;
the second end of the tenth resistor is connected with the first end of the eleventh resistor and the base of the fifth triode, the second end of the eleventh resistor is connected with the emitter of the fifth triode and then connected with the protective ground, and the collector of the fifth triode is connected with the second input end of the inverter relay unit.
5. The UPS main bypass switching system of claim 1, wherein the static switch unit comprises a first static switch subunit and a second static switch subunit, the inverter relay unit comprises a first inverter relay subunit and a second inverter relay subunit, the bypass switching module comprises a first bypass relay unit and a second bypass relay unit;
the first end of the first static switch subunit is connected with the first end of the first inversion relay subunit and the live wire end of the main circuit power supply module, and the second end of the first static switch subunit is connected with the second end of the first inversion relay subunit and the first end of the first bypass relay unit;
a first end of the second static switch subunit is connected with a first end of the second inverter relay subunit and a zero line end of the main circuit power supply module, and a second end of the second static switch subunit is connected with a second end of the second inverter relay subunit and a first end of the second bypass relay unit;
the second end of the first bypass relay unit is a live wire output end of the UPS main bypass switching circuit, and the second end of the second bypass relay unit is a zero wire output end of the UPS main bypass switching circuit.
6. The UPS main bypass switching system of claim 5, wherein the first static switch subunit comprises a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a first static switch, a first capacitor, the first inverter relay subunit comprises a first relay and a first diode;
a first input end of the first relay is a first input end of the inversion relay unit, a second input end of the first relay is connected with a driving power supply, a first contact of the first relay is a first end of the first inversion relay subunit, and a second contact of the first relay is a second end of the first inversion relay subunit;
the anode end of the first diode is connected with the first input end of the first relay, and the cathode end of the first diode is connected with the second input end of the first relay;
a first end of the first capacitor is a first end of the first static switch subunit, a first end of the first static switch is a second end of the first static switch subunit, a first end of the thirteenth resistor is a first input end of the static switch unit, and a first end of the fourteenth resistor is a second input end of the static switch unit;
a first end of the first capacitor is connected to a second end of the first static switch and a second end of the thirteenth resistor, a second end of the first capacitor is connected to a first end of the twelfth resistor, and a second end of the twelfth resistor is connected to a first end of the first static switch and a second end of the fourteenth resistor;
a first end of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the gate of the first static switch.
7. The UPS primary bypass switching system of claim 5, wherein the first bypass relay unit comprises a second relay and a second diode;
a first input end of the second relay is a first input end of the inversion relay unit, a second input end of the second relay is connected with a driving power supply, a first contact of the second relay is a first end of the first bypass relay unit, and a second contact of the second relay is a second end of the first bypass relay unit;
and the anode end of the second diode is connected with the first input end of the second relay, and the cathode end of the second diode is connected with the second input end of the second relay.
8. The UPS master bypass switching system according to claim 1, wherein the method for the control module to detect whether the UPS master bypass to bypass switching is required is:
if the control module detects that the output of the UPS inverter is overloaded or fails, the switching from the main circuit of the UPS to the bypass is judged to be needed;
the method for detecting whether the switching from the UPS bypass to the main road needs to be carried out by the control module comprises the following steps:
and if the control module detects that the output of the UPS is normal or the fault is relieved or detects that the bypass of the UPS is powered off, judging that the switching from the bypass of the UPS to the main road needs to be carried out.
9. The UPS main bypass switching system of claim 8 wherein the method for the control module to detect UPS bypass power down is:
acquiring instantaneous values of bypass output voltage from a bypass power supply module for multiple times at preset time intervals to obtain multiple voltage sampling points;
determining the change rate of the instantaneous value of the bypass output voltage near the zero point according to the voltage sampling points;
and detecting whether the UPS bypass is powered down or not based on the times that the plurality of voltage sampling points are larger than the preset voltage value and the change rate.
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