CN112215729B - BIM technology-based construction site safety mark layout position optimization method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a construction site safety mark layout position optimization method based on a BIM technology, which is characterized in that on one hand, a dangerous source and a dangerous area of a construction site are used as positioning information to determine the horizontal plane positioning of a safety mark in the site; and on the other hand, the visual characteristics of human eyes are used as main information of visual positioning, the vertical plane positioning of the safety identification in the field is determined, and finally, the information positioning and the visual positioning are integrated to determine the space positioning of the safety identification so as to optimize the layout scheme of the safety identification. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the safety identification layout scheme can be visualized, generalized and dynamic, errors in the layout implementation process are reduced, omission is avoided, the identification can be timely updated and changed along with process propulsion, and the unique advantages of the BIM technology are fully played.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a construction site layout optimization method, in particular to a construction site safety mark layout position optimization method based on a BIM technology.
Background
The traditional construction site safety mark layout is implemented according to a construction site safety mark general plane diagram, and the construction site safety mark general plane diagram is drawn by arranging the safety marks in the construction site safety mark general plane diagram according to the requirements of corresponding standard specifications, so that the method can cause the problems of poor visibility, difficult dynamic adjustment and incomplete mark coverage.
With the introduction and development of information in the construction field in recent years in China, a Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology is taken as a revolutionary breakthrough in the whole life cycle management of construction engineering, has the characteristics of visualization, simulation and the like, and is increasingly widely applied in the engineering construction field in China.
In the prior art, a BIM technology is combined with construction safety identification management, and a construction site safety identification three-dimensional information model is constructed and continuously optimized by using the advantages of BIM visualization and data integration, but the combination is usually only limited to analyzing and optimizing the three-dimensional construction safety identification information model of a specific site according to relevant specifications, and a universal method is not provided for optimizing the arrangement position of the construction site safety identification. The safety signs are laid by combining signs with ergonomics and researching visual characteristics of human eyes to determine visual saliency positions in a scene, but the safety signs in the field need to be determined by the safety signs, so that the requirements of ergonomics are met, and environmental information factors need to be analyzed. Although the prior art can optimize the traditional safety mark arrangement scheme to a certain extent, the consideration is not comprehensive enough in the optimization process, and a larger improvement space still exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a construction site safety mark layout position optimization method based on the BIM technology, on one hand, a dangerous source and a dangerous area of a construction site are used as positioning information to determine the horizontal plane positioning of the safety mark in the construction site; on the other hand, the visual characteristics of human eyes are used as main information of visual positioning, the vertical plane positioning of the safety mark in the field is determined, and finally, the information positioning (namely horizontal plane positioning) and the visual positioning (namely vertical plane positioning) are integrated to determine the space positioning of the safety mark to optimize the layout scheme of the safety mark, so that the aim of more refining and more accurate layout of the mark position is fulfilled.
The invention provides a construction site safety mark layout position optimization method based on a BIM technology, which comprises the following steps:
s101, dividing a construction plan of a building construction site into a plurality of areas according to a preset first classification mode;
s102, analyzing and determining a danger source and a corresponding danger level of each area, and a danger area and a corresponding danger level of each area according to the operation activities of the areas obtained by division in the step S101;
s103, constructing a BIM (building information modeling) model of the construction site, determining the influence ranges of the danger source and the danger areas, calculating the horizontal coordinates of the boundaries of the danger areas in the BIM model by using a software secondary development tool, and marking the danger areas by using a preset first marking mode according to the danger levels;
s104, regarding any dangerous area in the construction site BIM model which is marked in the step S103, taking the visual field and visual area of human eyes of an observer as an interest area, and dividing the interest area according to a preset second classification method;
s105, performing an eye tracker experiment, and analyzing to obtain an optimal visual orientation;
s106, integrating steps S104 and S105, determining vertical coordinates of a visual area for arranging safety marks in the BIM of the construction site according to eye height data and observation distances of observers, marking the optimal visual area by using a preset second marking mode, and marking all dangerous areas in the BIM of the construction site to obtain the BIM of the construction site;
and S107, optimizing to obtain the optimal layout position of the safety signs by using the BIM and the BIM visual model of the construction site obtained in the steps S103 and S106 according to the horizontal coordinate of the boundary of the danger area and the vertical coordinate of the visual area and by considering the actual layout condition.
Further, after the step S103, the following steps are also performed: updating the BIM of the construction site in time along with the progress of the working procedure in the construction site, and repeating the steps S102-S103 to finish the updating of the BIM of the construction site; the process then continues with steps S104-S107.
Further, the first classification mode refers to classification according to the functions of a construction site.
Further, risk evaluation probability of the dangerous area and operation condition risk evaluation data are integrated, and the danger level is sequentially and incrementally divided into four grades I, II, III and IV according to the danger degree.
Further, the first marking mode is to mark the four-grade danger grades I, II, III and IV by using different colors.
Further, the second classification method is to classify the projection range of the vertical plane between the visual field of the observer and the visual zone according to the visual recognition effect of human eyes.
Further, the specific process of dividing by using the second classification method is as follows: taking the standard sight of human eyes as 0 degree, and defining a projection area of a vertical plane of a 30-degree view cone as a C area; defining a projection area which is above 10 degrees and below 30 degrees of the standard sight line in the vertical plane and is 30 degrees to the left and right in the horizontal plane as a B area; a projection area which is above 3 degrees and below 15 degrees of the standard sight line in the vertical plane and is 20 degrees to the left and right in the horizontal plane is defined as an A area.
Further, the indicators of the eye tracker experiment include the gazing times, the time when the gazing point enters the interest area for the first time, the gazing time when the gazing point falls in the interest area for the first time, and the total gazing time when the gazing point falls in the interest area.
Further, in step S106, the interest region divided in step S104 is divided again according to the optimal visual orientation determined in step S105, so as to obtain five visual regions, i.e., a, B, C, d, and e, where the region a is an intersection region of the optimal visual orientation and the region a, the region B is an intersection region of the optimal visual orientation and the region B and other regions in the region a except the region a, the region C is other regions in the region B except the region a and the region B, the region d is an intersection region of other regions in the region C except the region B and the optimal visual orientation and the region d except the region B and the region d in the region C, and the region e is other regions in the region C except the region B and the region d.
Furthermore, the second marking mode is to mark five divided visual areas a, b, c, d and e by using the shade of the color.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the dangerous area and the dangerous source of the building construction site are automatically positioned and marked in the BIM, so that the dangerous information can be positioned, and meanwhile, project management personnel can comprehensively master the dangerous source in the site, thereby facilitating safety inspection and monitoring;
(2) the method provided by the invention utilizes the visual characteristics of human eyes as the positioning basis of the vertical plane of the safety mark, fully considers the human-computer factors and embodies the human-computer factors through indexes, so that the safety mark arranged in the field has better visual significance and is more beneficial to observation of personnel;
(3) the method provided by the invention is combined with the BIM technology, the field procedure can be followed in real time, and the problems of poor visibility of mark layout, incomplete coverage, inaccurate positioning, difficult dynamic adjustment and the like in the traditional method are solved;
(4) the method provided by the invention can be combined with 4D construction simulation, and the standardized guidance is carried out on the arrangement of the safety identification in the construction period of the facility.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for optimizing a layout position of a safety sign on a construction site based on a BIM technology according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of region division according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the danger source and the danger level corresponding to the danger area according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of region of interest segmentation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a visual area marker provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an implementation process of a BIM technology-based method for optimizing a layout position of a safety mark in a construction site according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a comparison diagram before and after optimization of the construction site safety sign layout position optimization method based on the BIM technology provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a construction site safety mark layout position optimization method based on a BIM technology, including the following steps:
s101, dividing a construction plan of a building construction site into a plurality of areas according to a preset first classification manner, please refer to fig. 2, in this embodiment, the construction plan is divided according to the function of the construction site to obtain a foundation construction work area 1, a main structure construction area 2, a temporary construction auxiliary production area 3, and a temporary office living area 4, and this classification manner is only an exemplary description, and may also be divided according to other manners.
And S102, analyzing and determining a danger source and a corresponding danger level of each area, and a danger area and a corresponding danger level of each area according to the operation activities of the areas obtained by division in the step S101. For example, in the main structure construction area 2 divided in the present embodiment, the possible dangerous sources include power cables, hoisting equipment, electric welding equipment, scaffolds, concrete mixing equipment, and the like, and the dangerous areas include foundation pits, high-altitude operation points, hoisting equipment operation sites, adjacent edges, steel bar welding sites, and the like; the corresponding danger level can be obtained comprehensively according to the danger assessment probability of the danger area and the danger assessment data of the operation conditions, and the danger level is divided into four levels I, II, III and IV in turn according to the increasing of the danger level in the embodiment.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the level i danger class refers to a general danger accident-prone type, and the temporary office living area 4 in this embodiment has a lower danger class, and the danger sources that may cause fire, electric shock, etc. are classified as level i danger classes; the level II danger level refers to a type which is relatively dangerous and easy to cause accidents, identification is laid to remind people to keep away or operate safely for common non-constructors in the temporary auxiliary production area 3, and a danger source or a dangerous area belongs to the type, in the embodiment, the temporary auxiliary production area 3 can be exploded, burnt, hit by objects, collapsed, lifted, mechanically damaged, electrically shocked, damaged by vehicles and the like, and meanwhile, accidents such as mechanical damage, fire, electrically shocked and the like which are easy to be avoided through safe operation in the main structure construction area 2 also belong to the level II danger level; the level III danger level refers to a type of obvious danger and easy accident, generally occurs in a foundation construction operation area 1 and a main structure construction area 2 with intensive constructors, and marks are laid to warn the constructors, for example, lifting injury, high-altitude falling, collapse, object striking and the like in the foundation construction operation area 1, high-altitude falling, lifting injury and the like in the main structure construction area 2; the IV-level danger level refers to a type of high-risk accident easy to occur, mainly occurs in a main structure construction area 2, and a mark is laid to prohibit non-related personnel from entering the main structure by mistake, such as collapse, lifting injury and the like.
S103, constructing a BIM model of the construction site, determining the influence ranges of the danger source and the danger areas, calculating the horizontal coordinates of the boundaries of the danger areas in the BIM by using a software secondary development tool, and marking the danger areas by using a preset first marking mode according to the danger levels. In this embodiment, colors are used to distinguish different danger levels, and specifically, four colors of green, yellow, orange, and red are used to sequentially mark danger areas of four danger levels i, ii, iii, and iv.
Specifically, a BIM (building information modeling) model of the construction site is built by using revit software, frequent accident cases of dangerous areas are integrated, an influence range of a dangerous source is given by an expert, so that boundaries of the dangerous areas are defined, then horizontal coordinates of the boundaries of the dangerous areas are automatically calibrated in the built BIM model of the construction site by using a revit secondary development tool, the dangerous areas can be automatically calibrated in the BIM model even if the construction site is changed in the later period due to process changes, and the workload of manually updating the BIM model is saved or reduced.
And S104, regarding any dangerous area in the construction site BIM model which is marked in the step S103, taking the visual field and visual area of human eyes of an observer as an interest area, and dividing the interest area according to a preset second classification method.
Referring to fig. 4, the visual field of the observer and the projection range of the vertical plane of the visual area are divided according to the visual recognition effect, wherein the standard sight line is taken as 0 °, and the projection area of the vertical plane of the 30 ° viewing cone is defined as the area C, which is within the optimal eye movement range and is easier to observe and recognize; the projection area which is above 10 degrees and below 30 degrees of the standard sight line in the vertical plane and is 30 degrees left and right in the horizontal plane is defined as an area B, and the area is in a range which is easy to observe, so that the body shape distinguishing effect is good; a projection area which is above 3 degrees and below 15 degrees of the standard sight line in the vertical plane and is 20 degrees to the left and right in the horizontal plane is defined as an area A, and the area is located in the most easily observed range, so that the body shape distinguishing effect is best. The visual recognition effect of each region is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 visual recognition area division and Effect
And S105, performing an eye tracker experiment, and analyzing to obtain the optimal visual orientation, wherein the indexes of the eye tracker experiment comprise the watching times, the time for the watching point to enter the interest area for the first time, the watching time of the first watching point falling in the interest area, and the total watching time falling in the interest area.
In step S104, only the vertical plane of the human eye observation range is divided according to the visual recognition effect, but the optimal visual orientation is not determined, and the safety mark arrangement position needs to be not only within the most easily observed range, but also be arranged in the optimal visual orientation, so in S105, the optimal visual orientation is analyzed through an eye tracker experiment in this embodiment. Specifically, in the eye tracker experiment, the visual plane of the human eye is divided into 8 areas, namely, a left lower area, a left middle area, a left upper area, a middle upper area, a right middle area, a right lower area and a middle lower area, and the number of times of fixation of the human eye on the 8 areas, the time when the fixation point first enters each area, the fixation time falling at the first fixation point of each area and the total main view time falling in each area are respectively considered, so that the optimal visual orientation, namely, the upper middle position in the embodiment, namely, the orientations deviated from the left and right by 22.5 degrees, is obtained through analysis.
S106, integrating the steps S104 and S105, determining the vertical coordinate of the visual area where the safety mark is arranged in the BIM of the construction site according to the eye height data and the observation distance of the observer, marking the visual area by using a preset second marking mode, and marking all dangerous areas in the BIM of the construction site to obtain the BIM of the construction site.
Referring to fig. 5, the interest region divided in step S104 is divided again according to the optimal visual orientation determined in step S105 to obtain five visual regions, i.e., a, B, C, d, and e, where a is an intersection region of the optimal visual orientation and a region, B is an intersection region of the optimal visual orientation and B region and other regions except a region a in a region, C is another region except a region a and B in B region, d is an intersection region of other regions except B and the optimal visual orientation in C region, and e is another region except B and d in C region. According to the five divided visual effect areas a, b, c, d and e, the vertical coordinate of the visual area in each dangerous area where the safety mark is arranged can be calculated according to the eye height data of the observer and the observation distance, and preferably, the average eye height is used as basic data.
In this embodiment, the visual area is marked by using the shades of the colors marked in step S103, and the colors from the dark to the light are sequentially selected according to the order of a, b, c, d, and e for marking, so that when the safety mark is laid, the optimal visual area layout should be selected as much as possible, and when the safety mark cannot be laid in the optimal visual area due to the influence of external factors, the safety mark can be selected in sequence by using the shades of different colors to prompt that the safety mark laying position is most easily observed as much as possible.
And S107, referring to FIG. 6, optimizing to obtain the optimal layout position of the safety sign according to the horizontal coordinate of the boundary of the danger area and the vertical coordinate of the visual area by using the BIM and the BIM visual model of the construction site obtained in the steps S103 and S106 and by considering the actual layout condition. Referring to FIG. 7, the left part of FIG. 7 shows the layout effect before optimization, and the right part shows the layout effect after optimization.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, on the basis of the above embodiment, the following process is further performed after step S103:
and (5) updating the BIM of the construction site in time along with the progress of the working procedures in the construction site, and repeating the steps S102-S103 to finish the updating of the BIM of the construction site.
The process then continues with steps S104-S107.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A construction site safety mark layout position optimization method based on a BIM technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s101, dividing a construction plan of a building construction site into a plurality of areas according to a preset first classification mode;
s102, analyzing and determining a danger source and a corresponding danger level of each area, and a danger area and a corresponding danger level of each area according to the operation activities of the areas obtained by division in the step S101;
s103, constructing a BIM (building information modeling) model of the construction site, determining the influence ranges of the danger source and the danger areas, calculating the horizontal coordinates of the boundaries of the danger areas in the BIM model by using a software secondary development tool, and marking the danger areas by using a preset first marking mode according to the danger levels;
s104, regarding any dangerous area in the construction site BIM model which is marked in the step S103, taking the visual field and visual area of human eyes of an observer as an interest area, and dividing the interest area according to a preset second classification method;
s105, performing an eye tracker experiment, and analyzing to obtain an optimal visual orientation;
the indexes of the eye tracker experiment comprise the watching times, the time of the watching point entering the interest area for the first time, the watching time of the first watching point falling in the interest area and the total watching time falling in the interest area;
in an eye tracker experiment, a human eye visual plane is divided into 8 areas, namely, a left lower area, a left middle area, a left upper area, a middle upper area, a right middle area, a right lower area and a middle lower area, the times of watching the 8 areas by human eyes, the time of a fixation point entering each area for the first time, the watching time of the first fixation point falling on each area and the total main sight time falling on each area are respectively considered, and the visual plane meets the preset requirements of each index and is used as an optimal visual direction;
s106, integrating the steps S104 and S105, determining the vertical coordinate of the visual area for arranging the safety identification in the BIM of the construction site according to the eye height data and the observation distance of the observer, marking the optimal visual area by using a preset second marking mode, and marking all dangerous areas in the BIM of the construction site to obtain the BIM of the construction site;
the second classification method is to divide the visual field of an observer and the projection range of the vertical plane of the visual area according to the visual recognition effect of human eyes;
the specific process of dividing by using the second classification method comprises the following steps: taking the standard sight of human eyes as 0 degree, and defining a projection area of a vertical plane of a 30-degree view cone as a C area; defining a projection area which is above 10 degrees and below 30 degrees of the standard sight line in the vertical plane and is 30 degrees to the left and right in the horizontal plane as a B area; defining a projection area which is above 3 degrees and below 15 degrees of the standard sight line in the vertical plane and is 20 degrees left and right in the horizontal plane as an area A;
in the step S106, the interest region divided in the step S104 is divided again according to the optimal visual orientation determined in the step S105 to obtain five visual regions, i.e., a, B, C, d, and e, where the region a is an intersection region of the optimal visual orientation and the region a, the region B is an intersection region of the optimal visual orientation and the region B and other regions except the region a in the region a, the region C is other regions except the region a and the region B in the region B, the region d is an intersection region of other regions except the region B and the optimal visual orientation in the region C, and the region e is other regions except the region B and the region d in the region C;
the second marking mode is that five visual areas a, b, c, d and e obtained by dividing are marked by utilizing the depth of color;
and S107, optimizing to obtain the optimal layout position of the safety signs by using the BIM and the BIM visual model of the construction site obtained in the steps S103 and S106 according to the horizontal coordinate of the boundary of the danger area and the vertical coordinate of the visual area and by considering the actual layout condition.
2. The BIM technology-based construction site safety mark layout position optimization method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the following steps after the step S103: updating the BIM of the construction site in time along with the progress of the working procedure in the construction site, and repeating the steps S102-S103 to finish the updating of the BIM of the construction site; the process then continues with steps S104-S107.
3. The BIM technology-based construction site safety mark layout position optimization method according to claim 1, wherein the first classification mode is division according to the function of a construction site.
4. The BIM technology-based construction site safety mark layout position optimization method as claimed in claim 1, wherein risk assessment probability of a danger area and risk evaluation data of operation conditions are integrated, and the danger levels are sequentially and incrementally divided into four levels I, II, III and IV according to the danger degree.
5. The BIM technology-based construction site safety mark layout position optimization method is characterized in that the first marking mode is that four-level danger levels I, II, III and IV are marked by different colors.
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