CN112213822A - Space coupler - Google Patents
Space coupler Download PDFInfo
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- CN112213822A CN112213822A CN202011024163.5A CN202011024163A CN112213822A CN 112213822 A CN112213822 A CN 112213822A CN 202011024163 A CN202011024163 A CN 202011024163A CN 112213822 A CN112213822 A CN 112213822A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/262—Optical details of coupling light into, or out of, or between fibre ends, e.g. special fibre end shapes or associated optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/264—Optical coupling means with optical elements between opposed fibre ends which perform a function other than beam splitting
- G02B6/266—Optical coupling means with optical elements between opposed fibre ends which perform a function other than beam splitting the optical element being an attenuator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/32—Optical coupling means having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract
An embodiment of the present invention provides a spatial coupler, including: the laser device comprises a shell, an input lens system and an output lens system which are positioned in the shell and are sequentially arranged on a laser light path, and at least one diaphragm; the diaphragm is arranged in the shell and is positioned on a laser light path; the diaphragm is used for nondestructively passing forward laser light and attenuating backward laser light transmitted in the reverse direction. The optical fiber cable comprises a light beam shaping double-ended optical cable, and is characterized by further comprising a light beam shaping double-ended optical cable, wherein the input end of the light beam shaping double-ended optical cable is provided with at least one mode scrambler, and the mode scrambler is used for exciting a passing low-order core mold into a high-order core mold. According to the space coupler provided by the embodiment of the invention, the diaphragm is additionally arranged in the conventional space coupler, so that the return light re-coupled to the input system is greatly reduced, and the probability of burning the laser by the return light is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optics, in particular to a high-reflection-resistant spatial coupler.
Background
The fiber laser is a novel laser, is widely applied to industrial processing, and has unique advantages in the fields of cutting, welding, cladding and the like. In recent years, the development trend of fiber lasers is not only to increase output power continuously, but also to develop multiple functions, so that the fiber lasers are applied to materials which can not be processed once, and the processing effect is more excellent. For metal materials with dry reflection capability such as copper and aluminum, when a fiber laser is used for processing the metal materials, because the surface of the metal material can generate very strong reflection laser, the reflection laser can be coupled back into the fiber laser, and thus internal devices of the fiber laser are damaged. The returning laser light is transmitted in the form of cladding light and core light in the reverse direction in the optical fiber, and for the medium-low power laser, the diameter of the core of the energy transmission optical fiber is very small relative to the diameter of the cladding, so that the returning light basically exists in the form of the cladding light.
At present, for improving the high-reflection resistance of the medium-low power laser, laser manufacturers integrate a cladding light filter at the head and the tail of a laser transmission optical cable to filter cladding light and protect the laser.
However, as the output power of the laser increases, the core diameter of the energy-transfer fiber is correspondingly increased, and the cladding diameter is basically unchanged, which results in an increasing proportion of core light in the backward light, and it is not enough to filter the cladding light by only using the low-power laser, and the probability of burning out the devices (such as beam combiner, grating, ytterbium-doped fiber, etc.) inside the laser can be greatly increased by the backward light in the core. In a pulsed laser of hectowatt level or below, although an isolator with an internal magneto-optical crystal integrated therein can be used for isolating reverse core light, the magneto-optical crystal cannot bear high power, so that the magneto-optical crystal cannot be applied to a high-power continuous laser.
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide a new technique for high power continuous laser to eliminate or effectively reduce the damage of the reverse core light to the device safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a spatial coupler and a spatial coupler system, which are used for overcoming the defect that reverse fiber core light damages equipment safety in the operation process of a high-power continuous laser and realizing efficient and safe return light isolation.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a spatial coupler, which mainly includes: the laser device comprises a shell, an input lens system and an output lens system which are positioned in the shell and are sequentially arranged on a laser light path, and at least one diaphragm; the diaphragm is arranged in the shell and is positioned on a laser light path; the diaphragm is used for nondestructively passing forward laser light and attenuating backward laser light transmitted in the reverse direction.
Optionally, the diaphragm is one and is disposed between the input lens system and the output lens system.
Optionally, the spatial coupler provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a beam shaping double-ended optical cable; the beam shaping double-head optical cable is used for outputting the forward laser which is focused by the output lens system to the processing equipment.
Optionally, at least one mode scrambler is disposed at the input end of the beam shaping double-ended optical cable, and the mode scrambler is configured to excite a passing low-order core mode into a high-order core mode.
Optionally, the mode scrambler is formed by performing physical processing on the energy transmission optical fiber of the beam shaping double-ended optical cable.
Optionally, the physical processing mainly includes tapering, micro-bending and/or looping.
Optionally, cladding stripper is respectively disposed at the input end and the output end of the beam-shaping double-ended optical cable.
Optionally, the light passing hole of the diaphragm is a frustum-shaped gradually-changing hole; the forward laser is incident to the diaphragm from the lower bottom surface of the frustum-shaped gradual change type hole.
Optionally, the light through hole of the diaphragm is formed by overlapping a plurality of frustum-shaped gradually-changing holes; the upper bottom surface of the front frustum-shaped gradually-changing hole is the lower bottom surface of the rear frustum-shaped gradually-changing hole; the forward laser is incident to the diaphragm from the lower bottom surface of the front frustum-shaped gradual change type hole.
Optionally, the inner wall of the light through hole is subjected to sand blasting texturing treatment.
Optionally, the diaphragm is a water-cooled diaphragm.
Optionally, the parameters of the diaphragm are determined according to the emission angle of the returning laser.
Optionally, the number of the diaphragms may be plural, at least one of the diaphragms is disposed between the input lens system and the output lens system, and at least one of the diaphragms is disposed before the input lens system or after the output lens system.
According to the space coupler and the space coupler system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the diaphragm is additionally arranged in the conventional space coupler, so that the return light re-coupled to the input system is greatly reduced, and the probability of burning the laser by the return light is effectively reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spatial coupler and a forward laser transmission method thereof, which are matched with a beam shaping double-ended optical cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spatial coupler and a return laser transmission method thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a spatial coupler integrated with a mode scrambler and a beam shaping dual head cable and its forward laser transmission mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spatial coupler integrated with a mode scrambler and a beam shaping dual-head cable and a return laser transmission method thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a diaphragm provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another diaphragm provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 101-shell; 102-standard double-end energy transmission optical cable; 103-laser output cable; 104-an input lens system; 105-a diaphragm; 106-water cooling interface; 107-an output lens system; 108-input end of standard double-end energy transmission optical cable; 110-the output end of a standard double-ended energy transmission cable; 301-a double-ended energy-transmitting optical cable integrated with a mode scrambler; 302-mode scrambler; 303-a double-end energy transmission optical cable input end integrated with a mode scrambler; 304-a dual-head energy transmission cable output end integrated with a mode scrambler; 305-cladding stripper;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In a high-power all-fiber laser, the cladding structure of the cladding fiber inevitably contains residual pumping light, amplified spontaneous emission and signal light leaked due to non-ideal fusion, fiber bending and other factors, and the cladding light can deteriorate the beam quality of output laser light and even damage other fiber devices in a semiconductor pumping source and a laser system, such as a collimator, a fiber combiner and the like, thereby seriously affecting the stability of the laser. Therefore, how to reliably and efficiently strip the cladding light from the cladding waveguide is one of the key problems in developing a high-power all-fiber laser.
Furthermore, considering that in a high power continuous laser, the ratio between core light and cladding light in backward light is larger and larger, the prior art cannot stably, safely and stably filter the backward light, and therefore, the embodiment of the present invention provides a spatial coupler for attenuating high return light, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, including but not limited to: the laser device comprises a shell 101, an input lens system 104 and an output lens system 107 which are positioned in the shell 101 and are sequentially arranged on a laser light path, and at least one diaphragm 105; the diaphragm 105 is disposed inside the casing 101 and located on the laser light path; the diaphragm 105 is used for passing forward laser light without loss and for attenuating backward laser light transmitted in the reverse direction.
On the basis of the space coupler for attenuating returned light, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention, the high-power diaphragm 105 is additionally arranged on the light path, so that the returned laser is effectively attenuated by utilizing the high-power diaphragm 105.
The diaphragm 105 is a device for controlling the amount of light passing through, and plays a role in limiting the light beam in the optical system, and is mainly used for adjusting the intensity of the light beam passing through. It may be the edge of a lens, a frame or a specially provided screen with holes. Its effect mainly includes limiting the beam or limiting the size of the field of view (imaging range). In an optical system, a diaphragm that restricts a light beam most is called an aperture diaphragm; the aperture that restricts the field of view the most is called the field stop. Among them, the diaphragm that restricts the aperture (solid angle or light emission cross section) of the on-axis object point beam most is called an aperture diaphragm, and thus the diaphragm used in the embodiment of the present invention may be an aperture diaphragm.
The principle that the space coupler integrated with the diaphragm provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize the attenuation of the backward laser transmitted reversely is as follows:
the return light transmitted in the forward direction has a small divergence angle, and after being collimated by the input lens system, the light spot of the return light is small, so that the return light can pass through the diaphragm 105 without damage, and then is focused by the output lens system 107, coupled into the double-head optical cable and output to the processing equipment. The backward transmitted returning laser, no matter the fiber core returning laser or the residual cladding light, has a larger divergence angle, so that part of the fiber core light and all the cladding light are isolated by the diaphragm, and part of the returning light can not be coupled back to the input system again, thereby reducing the possibility that the laser is burnt by the returning light.
Based on the contents of the above-described embodiments, as an alternative embodiment, the stop 105 is embodied as one and is disposed between the input lens system 104 and the output lens system 107.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the diaphragm 105 may be disposed between the input lens system 104 and the output lens system 107, and since the laser between the input lens system 104 and the output lens system 107 is both forward laser and backward laser transmitted in the reverse direction, no requirement is made on the specific position of the diaphragm 105, and only the diaphragm needs to be disposed on the laser light path, that is, the diaphragm can allow forward laser with a small divergence angle (small light spot) to pass through without loss, but can effectively isolate most backward laser with a large divergence angle (small light spot), so that part of the backward laser cannot be re-coupled to the input system, thereby reducing the possibility of the laser being burned by the backward laser.
Alternatively, a plurality of diaphragms 105 for different signals may be disposed on the whole optical path, for example, a plurality of diaphragms 105 may be disposed between the input lens system 104 and the output lens system 107 side by side, which is not specifically limited by the embodiment of the present invention and is not meant to limit the scope of the embodiment of the present invention.
Based on the content of the above embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the spatial coupler provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a standard double-ended energy transmission cable 102; the standard double-head energy transmission cable 102 is mainly used for outputting forward laser light which is focused by the output lens system 107 to processing equipment.
At present, the output optical cable of the optical fiber laser on the market is not directly connected with processing equipment, but is bridged with a space coupler and a double-end energy transmission optical cable between the laser and the processing equipment, and the purpose of adopting the structure mainly lies in that: when the energy transmission optical cable is damaged, a new optical cable can be directly replaced, so that the maintenance becomes quicker and more convenient, and the main body part of the laser is protected.
In the embodiment of the invention, the conventional spatial coupler is technically improved, and as shown in fig. 3 and 4, on the basis of additionally arranging the diaphragm 105 on the laser light path, the double-end energy-transmitting optical cable 301 integrated with the mode scrambler is further matched, so that the isolation of the fiber core light and the cladding light is realized. Specifically, at least one mode scrambler 302 is arranged at the input end of the beam shaping double-ended optical cable, and the mode scrambler 302 is used for exciting a passing low-order core mode into a high-order core mode.
Since the divergence angle of the returned light is larger, especially the divergence angle of the core light is larger, the power isolated by the high power diaphragm is higher. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, a shaped dual-head optical cable integrated with a mode scrambler 302 is selected to replace the conventional dual-head energy transmission cable, and a mode scrambler 302 is integrated at a part close to the output end 304 of the dual-head energy transmission cable integrated with the mode scrambler to excite a low-order mode into a high-order core mode by using the mode scrambler 302. The higher the energy ratio of the basement membrane in the fiber core model is, the smaller the divergence angle is; conversely, the higher the divergence angle. The mode scrambler 302 can convert the forward propagating low-order mandrel (e.g., gaussian beam) into a high-order mandrel (e.g., flat-top beam) and output it to the processing tool. By adopting the structure, the divergence angle of the return laser can be larger, and the filtering effect of the space coupler on the return laser transmitted reversely is better.
It should be noted that: in practical application, such as thick plate cutting and cladding, the flat-top beam has greater advantages than the Gaussian beam; but in some applications, such as sheet cutting, the advantage of a gaussian beam is greater. Therefore, the choice of the spatial coupler conventional dual head cable or the beam shaping dual head cable integrated with the mode scrambler needs to be decided according to the practical application requirements.
According to the space coupler provided by the embodiment of the invention, on the basis of additionally arranging the diaphragm on the laser light path, the double-end optical cable including the mode scrambler for beam shaping is further selected to output laser to the processing equipment, so that the divergence angle of the return laser is increased, the filtering effect of the return laser transmitted reversely is improved, and the safety of the laser equipment is further ensured.
Based on the content of the above embodiments, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, as an alternative embodiment, the mode scrambler 302 is formed by performing physical processing on the energy transmitting optical fiber of the dual-head energy transmitting optical cable 301 integrated with the mode scrambler. For example, the multimode energy transmission fiber is extruded by certain external force or is wound around a plurality of small circles with certain diameters to excite high-order modes in the multimode fiber.
Alternatively, the mode scrambler 302 may be fabricated by butt-splicing a single-mode fiber and a multimode fiber to change an incident angle of the multimode fiber, into which laser enters, in the single-mode fiber, so as to excite a high-order mode in the fiber.
As an alternative embodiment, the physical processing method for forming the mode scrambler after performing the physical processing on the energy transmitting fiber of the beam shaping double-ended optical cable mainly includes tapering, microbending, and/or looping, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited in particular.
Based on the above description of the embodiments, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, as an alternative embodiment, cladding stripper 305 is respectively disposed at the input end and the output end of the beam-shaping double-ended optical cable 301.
A cladding stripper is a device that promotes conversion of a cladding mode to a radiation mode, typically formed of a material having a refractive index equal to or greater than the refractive index of the cladding of the optical fiber. The optical fiber carrying the light wave is covered with a layer of glass or other transparent material, i.e. cladding, having a slightly lower refractive index than the core, thereby confining the light to propagation within the core. The cladding stripper mainly removes cladding light of the optical fiber, including light leakage of transparent coating and plastic coating materials.
As an alternative to the eight-layer mode stripper, a flat plate with a curved groove engraved in its surface is used to strip off the coating on the surface of the fiber, and a high refractive index liquid is placed in the groove and has a refractive index greater than that of the fiber cladding, enabling the cladding light to be refracted out of the cladding.
Specifically, in the spatial coupler provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the input end 303 and the output end 304 of the beam-shaping double-ended optical cable 301 are respectively provided with the cladding stripper 305, and when the anti-high-reflection spatial coupler is matched with the beam-shaping double-ended optical cable, the working mode of the spatial coupler is as follows:
the forward laser passes through the input lens system 104, then passes through the high-power diaphragm 105 without loss, passes through the output lens system 107, then enters the dual-head energy transmission optical cable 301 integrated with the mode scrambler through the dual-head energy transmission optical cable input end 303, passes through the action of the mode scrambler 302, is shaped into a flat-top light beam, has a large divergence angle (for the first time), and is transmitted to the processing equipment through the dual-head energy transmission optical cable output end 304 integrated with the mode scrambler. The return light generated in the processing process is divided into two parts in the process of reverse transmission, one is cladding light which can be filtered by a cladding light stripper 305 integrated in the double-end energy transmission optical cable 301, and the filtering proportion is generally more than 90%; one part is the returning fiber core light, because the fiber core light can't be stripped by cladding light and filtered off, reverse transmission is to the input 303 of double-end energy transmission optical cable 301, after the mode scrambler 302, the divergence angle further increases (the second time), after output lens system 107, because twice grow of divergence angle, make the facula after the collimation great, fiber core light is partly obstructed by high power diaphragm 105, only partly light can pass through diaphragm 105, thereby further reduce the power of returning light, thereby reduce the risk that the rear end laser instrument is burnt out.
According to the space coupler provided by the embodiment of the invention, the cladding light stripper is respectively arranged at the input end and the output end of the beam shaping double-ended optical cable to filter the cladding light in the returned laser, and most of the core light is filtered by the diaphragm, so that the filtering efficiency of the returned laser is effectively improved.
Based on the content described in the above embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a specific structural manner of the diaphragm 105, wherein the light passing hole of the diaphragm 105 is a frustum-shaped gradually changing hole; the forward laser beam is incident to the diaphragm 105 from the bottom surface of the frustum-shaped tapered hole.
The frustum-shaped gradually-changing hole can be manufactured by frustum-shaped milling. Through adopting the hole of frustum type gradual change formula hole to replace original drum formula, after the light that returns incides to the diaphragm by bottom surface down, because the special construction in frustum type gradual change formula hole, its bottom surface is greater than ground, so when utilizing the diaphragm to or reflect light to absorb, except that lie in the outside forward laser of axis direction and few reverberation, can be absorbed by the inner wall in type gradual change formula hole, can effectual increase diaphragm to the absorptivity of returning light.
On this basis, the embodiment of the present invention further provides another specific structural manner of the diaphragm 105, as shown in fig. 6, the light-passing hole of the diaphragm 105 is formed by overlapping a plurality of frustum-shaped gradually-changing holes; the front frustum-shaped gradually-changing hole is coaxial with the rear frustum-shaped gradually-changing hole, but the radius of the upper bottom surface of the front frustum-shaped gradually-changing hole is larger than that of the lower bottom surface of the rear frustum-shaped gradually-changing hole; the forward laser is incident to the diaphragm from the lower bottom surface of the front frustum-shaped gradual change type hole.
The frustum-shaped tapered hole through which forward laser passes first is called a front frustum-shaped tapered hole, and the frustum-shaped tapered hole through which forward laser passes later is called a rear frustum-shaped tapered hole, so that the front frustum-shaped tapered hole and the rear frustum-shaped tapered hole are a definition mode for the position relationship of two adjacent frustum-shaped tapered holes.
The light through hole formed by overlapping the plurality of frustum-shaped gradually-changing holes can be manufactured by multi-step milling. Compared with the light through hole formed by only one frustum-shaped gradually-changing hole in the previous embodiment, because the radius of the upper bottom surface of the front frustum-shaped gradually-changing hole is larger than that of the lower bottom surface of the rear frustum-shaped gradually-changing hole, the return light can be absorbed step by step, the absorption rate of the space diaphragm on the return light is increased, and other reflected laser except the forward laser incident along the axial direction is further absorbed.
Based on the content of the above embodiment, as an alternative embodiment, the inner wall of the light through hole is subjected to sand blasting texturing.
Wherein the sand blasting texturing treatment can comprise one or more of inner wall sanding treatment, blackening treatment or thread milling treatment, and aims to: the absorption rate of return light is increased, and the damage to the whole system caused by the return light which is not absorbed is avoided.
In the embodiment of the invention, the inner wall of the light through hole is subjected to sand blasting texturing treatment to increase the cladding light absorption rate in the region, and the filtering effect of the cladding light transmitted through the reflector is effectively improved.
Based on the above description of the embodiments, as an alternative embodiment, the diaphragm 105 is a water-cooled diaphragm.
Specifically, because the diaphragm can cause the intensification because of having absorbed more energy in the filtering process of returning laser, consequently be provided with water-cooling interface 106 (including into water interface and play water interface) on every diaphragm 105, water-cooling interface 106 connects external flowing water source to give through flowing water source the diaphragm heat dissipation is in order to guarantee the safety of equipment.
Based on the content of the foregoing embodiment, as an alternative embodiment, the parameter of the above-mentioned diaphragm 105 is determined according to the emission angle of the returning laser light.
In practice, the maximum divergence angle of the returned light has no precise value and is not fixed, which is closely related to the type of the laser (such as single module, multi-module), the model of the final output energy transmission optical fiber, different processing modes (such as cutting, cladding, and the like), different processing materials (such as iron, stainless steel, aluminum, brass, red copper, and the like), the thickness of the processing materials, and other parameters, but the approximate range can be obtained through simulation experiments and empirical parameters.
In the embodiment of the invention, different types of diaphragms are reasonably selected by predicting the change of the divergence angle, and the diaphragm is selected according to the actual temperature rise state of the laser in the actual operation process, so that the filtering effect of the returned laser can be effectively improved, and the safety of the laser equipment can be more reliably ensured.
Based on the content of the above embodiments, as an alternative embodiment, the number of the diaphragms 105 may also be multiple; at least one stop 105 is disposed between the input lens system 104 and the output lens system 107, and at least one stop 105 is disposed in front of the input lens system 104 or behind the output lens system 107.
As an alternative embodiment, the diaphragms in fig. 1-4 are arranged as one, and the diaphragm 105 is arranged between the input lens system 104 and the output lens system 107. However, it should be noted that the specific arrangement of the diaphragms 105 can be reasonably selected according to actual needs, and the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited.
In order to more clearly show the advantages of the spatial coupler provided by the embodiment of the present invention in filtering the returned laser and ensuring the safety of the device, compared with the spatial coupler existing in the prior art, the following embodiments are specifically described in conjunction with:
taking a 3000W laser as an example in fig. 1, a high-back spatial coupler 101 is provided in conjunction with a standard dual-head energy-transmitting cable 102. Wherein the numerical aperture of the fiber cores of the energy transmission fiber in the laser output optical cable 103 and the optical fiber in the standard double-head energy transmission optical cable 102 are both 0.22. The divergence angle of laser output by the laser is 0.08, the divergence angle of return light is changed between 0.15 and 0.2 in the processing process, the equivalent focal lengths of the input lens system 104 and the output lens system 107 are both 50mm, and the aperture radius of the high-power diaphragm 105 is set to be 5 mm. In forward transmission, the spot collimated by the input lens system 104 has a radius of 4mm and can pass through the high power diaphragm 105 without loss.
Since the return light has two forms of cladding light and core light, the cladding light is filtered by the cladding stripper 305 integrated into the dual head cable input 108 and output 110, while the core light in the return laser is isolated as shown in fig. 3. At this time, the divergence angle of the returned light takes an intermediate value of 0.18, the radius of the light spot is 9mm, and if the energy distribution of the returned light is gaussian or gaussian-like distribution, the isolation (power attenuation) is 53% after passing through the diaphragm, and half of the fiber core returned light power is isolated.
If in actual use, the flat-top light beam has a greater advantage than the gaussian light beam, at this time, the double-end energy transmission optical cable 301 matched with the mode scrambler can be adopted, as shown in fig. 3, the high-reverse spatial coupler of the double-end energy transmission optical cable matched with the integrated mode scrambler is matched, forward transmission laser is coupled to enter the double-end energy transmission optical cable 301 of the integrated mode scrambler, under the action of the mode scrambler 302, the gaussian light beam originally output by the laser is converted into the flat-top light beam to be applied to laser processing, and after passing through the mode scrambler, the forward transmission laser divergence angle can be increased.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the adopted mode scrambler uses a microbending method, and in addition, the mode scrambler may be implemented by a ring winding method, a taper method, or the like, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 4, a mode of operation of the high decoupling immunity coupler of the dual-end energy transmission cable integrated with the mode scrambler is provided. The cladding light part in the returning laser is still filtered by the cladding light stripper 305, but the energy distribution of the fiber core light part is converted from Gaussian distribution to flat-top beam distribution after passing through the mode scrambler 302, if the increase of the divergence angle of the returning light is neglected, the divergence angle of the returning light is still retrieved to be 0.18, at the moment, the residual fiber core light energy passing through the diaphragm can be calculated to be 25%, the isolation degree is 70%, and compared with a standard double-head optical cable, the isolation degree is obviously improved. In addition, the mode scrambler 302 not only changes the energy distribution of the returning light, but also enlarges the divergence angle of the returning light (the change of the divergence angle is difficult to be analyzed quantitatively), thereby further increasing the isolation.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A space coupler comprises a shell, an input lens system and an output lens system, wherein the input lens system and the output lens system are positioned in the shell and are sequentially arranged on a laser light path;
the diaphragm is arranged in the shell and is positioned on the laser light path;
the diaphragm is used for nondestructively passing forward laser and attenuating backward laser transmitted in the reverse direction.
2. The spatial coupler of claim 1, wherein the stop is one and is disposed between the input lens system and the output lens system.
3. The spatial coupler of claim 1, further comprising a beam shaping double-ended optical cable; the beam shaping double-head optical cable is used for outputting the forward laser after being focused by the output lens system to processing equipment.
4. The spatial coupler of claim 3, wherein at least one mode scrambler is disposed at the input end of the beam shaping stub cable, the mode scrambler being configured to excite a passing low order core mode into a high order core mode.
5. The spatial coupler of claim 4, wherein the mode scrambler is formed by physical processing of an energy transmitting fiber of the beam shaping dual head cable.
6. The spatial coupler of claim 4, wherein the physical machining process comprises tapering, microbending, and/or looping.
7. The spatial coupler of claim 3, wherein cladding stripper are disposed at each of the input and output ends of the beam-shaping dual-stub cable.
8. The spatial coupler according to claim 1, wherein the light passing hole of the diaphragm is a frustum-shaped tapered hole;
and the forward laser is incident to the diaphragm from the lower bottom surface of the frustum-shaped gradual change type hole.
9. The space coupler according to claim 1, wherein the light-passing hole of the diaphragm is formed by overlapping a plurality of frustum-shaped gradually-changing holes; the front frustum-shaped gradually-changing hole is coaxial with the rear frustum-shaped gradually-changing hole, but the radius of the upper bottom surface of the front frustum-shaped gradually-changing hole is larger than that of the lower bottom surface of the rear frustum-shaped gradually-changing hole;
and the forward laser is incident to the diaphragm from the lower bottom surface of the front frustum-shaped gradual change type hole.
10. A spatial coupler according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the inner walls of the clear aperture are roughened by grit blasting.
11. The spatial coupler of claim 1, wherein the diaphragm is a water-cooled diaphragm.
12. The spatial coupler of claim 1, wherein the parameters of the stop are determined according to the emission angle of the returning laser light.
13. The spatial coupler of claim 1, wherein the diaphragm is plural; at least one of the diaphragms is arranged between the input lens system and the output lens system, and at least one of the diaphragms is arranged in front of the input lens system or behind the output lens system.
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