CN112213783B - Method for performing anisotropic seismic imaging by using seabed multi-component seismic record - Google Patents

Method for performing anisotropic seismic imaging by using seabed multi-component seismic record Download PDF

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CN112213783B
CN112213783B CN202010974338.2A CN202010974338A CN112213783B CN 112213783 B CN112213783 B CN 112213783B CN 202010974338 A CN202010974338 A CN 202010974338A CN 112213783 B CN112213783 B CN 112213783B
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seabed
seismic
component
imaging
wave
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CN112213783A (en
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于鹏飞
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Hohai University HHU
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/34—Displaying seismic recordings or visualisation of seismic data or attributes
    • G01V1/345—Visualisation of seismic data or attributes, e.g. in 3D cubes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
    • G01V2210/622—Velocity, density or impedance
    • G01V2210/6222—Velocity; travel time
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/70—Other details related to processing
    • G01V2210/74—Visualisation of seismic data

Abstract

The invention discloses an anisotropic seismic imaging method by using seabed multi-component seismic records, which belongs to the technical field of seismic imaging and comprises the following steps: 1) preprocessing the seabed four-component seismic data; 2) inputting a seismic source and model anisotropy parameters; 3) selecting and utilizing part of the four components of the seabed for the back transmission of the wave field; 4) the processor performs reverse transmission on the seabed four-component seismic data preprocessed in the step 1) according to the selection made in the step 3) by using an acoustic-elastic coupling VTI equation to obtain reverse transmitted qP waves; 5) and the processor judges whether all the ocean bottom seismic records are processed completely, if so, the step 6) is executed, and if not, the step 3) is returned. The invention can directly obtain the qP wave in the wave field transmission process without additional separation of the qP wave, can simultaneously utilize the seabed four-component seismic data to carry out tensor extrapolation of a receiving end, and suppresses non-physical artifacts existing in anisotropic acoustic wave imaging of the conventional seabed multi-component seismic data.

Description

Method for performing anisotropic seismic imaging by using seabed multi-component seismic record
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seismic imaging, and particularly relates to an anisotropic seismic imaging method by using seabed multi-component seismic records.
Background
Seismic exploration is performed by artificially exciting seismic waves and recording the arrival of wavefield signals propagating in the subsurface at surface receivers or sensors. These wavefield records carry response information about the subsurface geological structure, rock elastic properties, and pore fluid properties. According to the propagation rule of seismic waves in stratum rocks, a geophysical exploration method for searching fossil energy such as petroleum and natural gas is used by utilizing a reasonable wave field propagation model and a seismic data processing, inversion and interpretation method and combining geological knowledge of a research area.
Seismic exploration is divided into marine seismic exploration and land seismic exploration, and a towing cable seismic acquisition method is the most common mode of marine seismic exploration at present, and plays a great role in marine oil and gas mineral resource exploration and marine geological survey. Ocean bottom four-component (4C) seismic acquisition can record more three-component velocities (displacements) than conventional streamer acquisition, which provides greater opportunities and challenges for complex subsurface structure imaging. A key technique for imaging ocean bottom 4C seismic data is how to fully utilize ocean bottom 4C seismic records. Ravasi and Curtis (2013) propose to suppress non-physical artifacts in Elastic Reverse Time Migration (ERTM) using tensor extrapolation of the receive end wavefield. Yu et al (2016) generalize the method and propose a set of acoustic-elastic coupling equations suitable for ocean bottom 4C seismic data ERTM. These equations allow convenient tensor extrapolation of the receive-end wavefield while suppressing non-physical artifacts in PP and PS images. However, both of the above imaging methods require an isotropic assumption, which is not always true due to the presence of anisotropy in the subsurface medium.
Neglecting the anisotropy of the subsurface medium easily introduces the problem of dislocation imaging of subsurface structures and reducing target resolution (Zhan et al, 2012). Until recently, isotropic assumptions have also been widely applied in subsurface formation imaging, but now more and more practical production projects have introduced anisotropic imaging. Compared with the prior isotropic hypothesis, the method has the advantages that the continuity and the interpretability of the underground complex structure are remarkably improved. Subsurface anisotropy is widespread. Transversely Isotropic (TI) media can induce anisotropic effects in seismic wave propagation, which has been demonstrated in many regions. It is therefore reasonable to extend the imaging of ocean bottom 4C seismic data from isotropic media to VTI media.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide an anisotropic seismic imaging method by using seabed multi-component seismic records, which suppresses non-physical artifacts existing in anisotropic pseudo-acoustic wave imaging of conventional seabed multi-component seismic data.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for anisotropic seismic imaging using ocean bottom multicomponent seismic records, comprising the steps of:
1) preprocessing the seabed four-component seismic data;
2) inputting anisotropic parameters of a seismic source and a model, and simulating by using a sound-elastic coupling VTI equation to obtain a forward transmission qP wave field;
3) inputting the seabed four-component seismic data preprocessed in the step 1) into a processor channel by a data acquisition device, and selecting and utilizing part of seabed four-component for the back transmission of a wave field;
4) the processor performs reverse transmission on the seabed four-component seismic data preprocessed in the step 1) according to the selection made in the step 3) by using an acoustic-elastic coupling VTI equation to obtain reverse transmitted qP waves;
5) and the processor judges whether all the ocean bottom seismic records are processed completely, if so, the step 6) is executed, and if not, the step 3) is returned.
Further, in step 1), the preprocessing includes repositioning, interpolating, denoising, suppressing ghost waves, and multiples.
Further, in step 3), the selection uses part of the four components on the sea bottom for the backward transmission of the wave field, which includes the following three cases: if yes, three speed components are input, if yes, one pressure component is input, and if yes, four components are input simultaneously.
Further, in step 4), the performing of the wave field back propagation includes the following steps:
4.1) inputting the seabed quartering seismic data into the processor from t to tmax→t0Inputting the reverse time into a sound-elastic coupling VTI equation to carry out reverse time continuation of a receiving end; if only three velocity components are selected for imaging, the boundary conditions for the acousto-elastic coupling VTI equation at the seafloor interface are:
vr(x＝xr,t)＝[vx(xr,t),vy(xr,t),vz(xr,t)]T
Φr(x＝xr,t)＝[0,0,0,0,0,0,0]T
4.2) if only the pressure component is selected for imaging, then the boundary conditions of the acousto-elastic coupling VTI equation at the seafloor interface are:
vr(x＝xr,t)＝[0,0,0]T
Φr(x＝xr,t)＝[p(xr,t),0,0,0,0,0,0]T
4.3) if four components (three velocity components and one pressure component) are selected simultaneously for imaging, the boundary conditions of the acousto-elastic coupling VTI equation at the seafloor interface are:
vr(x＝xr,t)＝[vx(xr,t),vy(xr,t),vz(xr,t)]T
Φr(x＝xr,t)＝[p(xr,t),0,0,0,0,0,0]T
4.4) carrying out reverse time continuation on the seabed four-component seismic data in three modes by using an acoustic-elastic coupling VTI equation to obtain a qP wave of the whole space at the time t, and entering the subsequent step;
in steps 4.1) -4.4), t0、tmaxRespectively representing the time of recording, the initial time of recording and the maximum time of recording; superscript T represents the transpose of the matrix; v. ofr(x＝xrT) velocity field representing the position of the seabed reception point, vx(xr,t),vy(xr,t),vz(xrT) three velocity components, x, representing the position of the seabed receiver point, respectivelyrRepresenting the position of a receiving point at the subsea interface, wherein the following tables x, y, z represent the x-component, y-component, z-component, respectively, of the velocity record; phir(x＝xrT) represents the stress tensor field at the location of the subsea receiving point, p (x)rAnd t) represents the pressure component recorded at the location of the subsea reception site.
Further, the method also comprises the step 6) of obtaining a single-shot simulated sound wave image by utilizing the cross-correlation imaging condition, obtaining a superposed section by overlapping multiple shots, and displaying the superposed section by a display.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the method can directly obtain the qP wave (synthetic pressure field) in the wave field transmission process without additionally separating the qP wave, thereby saving the calculation amount; the tensor extrapolation of the receiving end can be simultaneously carried out by using the seabed four-component seismic data, the non-physical false image existing in the anisotropic acoustic wave imaging of the conventional seabed multi-component seismic data is suppressed, and the technical process is strong in practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the hardware configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an anisotropic pseudo-acoustic image obtained by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and specific embodiments.
Before the anisotropic acoustic wave imaging of the seabed multi-component seismic data is implemented, preparation works such as repositioning, interpolation, denoising, ghost wave suppression, multiple waves and the like are carried out on the seabed multi-component seismic data in a conventional processing flow.
Meanwhile, elastic anisotropy parameter modeling needs to be carried out through means of speed analysis, chromatography, waveform inversion and the like, and relatively accurate elastic anisotropy parameters of the model are obtained.
1-2, a method for anisotropic seismic imaging using ocean bottom multicomponent seismic records, comprising the steps of:
1) inputting seabed four-component seismic data into a data acquisition unit 1 to preprocess the seismic data;
2) the input device 4 inputs the simulation seismic source and the model anisotropy parameters;
3) the data acquisition unit 1 inputs the preprocessed seismic data into the processor 2 channel by channel, and the input equipment 4 inputs seabed multi-component seismic data to be selected for receiving end wave field reverse time continuation;
4) the processor 2 carries out forward simulation of a wave field at a seismic source end and reverse time continuation of a wave field at a receiving end according to an instruction input by the input equipment 4;
5) the processor 2 judges whether all the seismic wave data are processed completely, if so, the step 6) is executed, and if not, the step 3) is returned;
6) and obtaining a single-shot anisotropic pseudo-acoustic image by using a cross-correlation imaging condition, obtaining a superposed section by overlapping multiple shots, and displaying the superposed section by a display 3 (shown in figure 3).
The processor in the step 4) processes the preprocessed seabed multi-component seismic data as follows:
4.1) inputting the seabed quartering seismic data into the processor from t to tmax→t0And inputting the reverse time into a sound-elastic coupling VTI equation to carry out reverse time continuation of a receiving end. If only three velocity components are selected for imaging, the boundary conditions for the acousto-elastic coupling VTI equation at the seafloor interface are:
vr(x＝xr,t)＝[vx(xr,t),vy(xr,t),vz(xr,t)]T,
Φr(x＝xr,t)＝[0,0,0,0,0,0,0]T.
4.2) if only the pressure component is selected for imaging, then the boundary conditions of the acousto-elastic coupling VTI equation at the seafloor interface are:
vr(x＝xr,t)＝[0,0,0]T,
Φr(x＝xr,t)＝[p(xr,t),0,0,0,0,0,0]T.
4.3) if four components (three velocity components and one pressure component) are selected simultaneously for imaging, the boundary conditions of the acousto-elastic coupling VTI equation at the seafloor interface are:
vr(x＝xr,t)＝[vx(xr,t),vy(xr,t),vz(xr,t)]T,
Φr(x＝xr,t)＝[p(xr,t),0,0,0,0,0,0]T.
4.4) carrying out reverse time continuation on the seabed four-component seismic data in three modes by using an acoustic-elastic coupling VTI equation to obtain a qP wave of the whole space at the time t, and entering the subsequent steps.
In steps 4.1) -4.4), t0、tmaxRespectively representing the time of recording, the initial time of recording and the maximum time of recording; superscript T represents the transpose of the matrix; v. ofr(x＝xrT) velocity field representing the position of the seabed reception point, vx(xr,t),vy(xr,t),vz(xrT) three velocity components, x, representing the position of the seabed receiver point, respectivelyrRepresenting the position of a receiving point at the subsea interface, wherein the following tables x, y, z represent the x-component, y-component, z-component, respectively, of the velocity record; phir(x＝xrT) represents the stress tensor field at the location of the subsea receiving point, p (x)rAnd t) represents the pressure component recorded at the location of the subsea reception site.

Claims (3)

1. A method for anisotropic seismic imaging using ocean bottom multicomponent seismic records, comprising: the method comprises the following steps:
1) preprocessing the seabed four-component seismic data;
2) inputting anisotropic parameters of a seismic source and a model, and simulating by using a sound-elastic coupling VTI equation to obtain a forward transmission qP wave field;
3) inputting the seabed four-component seismic data preprocessed in the step 1) into a processor channel by a data acquisition device, and selecting and utilizing part of seabed four-component for the back transmission of a wave field;
4) the processor performs reverse transmission on the seabed four-component seismic data preprocessed in the step 1) according to the selection made in the step 3) by using an acoustic-elastic coupling VTI equation to obtain reverse transmitted qP waves;
5) the processor judges whether all the ocean bottom seismic records are processed or not, if so, the step 6) is executed, and if not, the step 3) is returned;
in the step 4), the reverse transmission of the wave field comprises the following steps:
4.1) inputting the seabed quartering seismic data into the processor from t to tmax→t0Inputting the reverse time into a sound-elastic coupling VTI equation to carry out reverse time continuation of a receiving end; if only three velocity components are selected for imaging, the boundary conditions for the acousto-elastic coupling VTI equation at the seafloor interface are:
vr(x＝xr，t)＝[vx(xr，t)，vy(xr，t)，vz(xr，t)]T
Φr(x＝xr，t)＝[0，0，0，0，0，0，0]T
4.2) if only the pressure component is selected for imaging, then the boundary conditions of the acousto-elastic coupling VTI equation at the seafloor interface are:
vr(x＝xr，t)＝[0，0，0]T
Φr(x＝xr，t)＝[p(xr，t)，0，0，0，0，0，0]T
4.3) if four components are selected simultaneously for imaging, the boundary conditions of the acousto-elastic coupling VTI equation at the seafloor interface are:
vr(x＝xr，t)＝[vx(xr，t)，vy(xr，t)，vz(xr，t)]T
Φr(x＝xr，t)＝[p(xr，t)，0，0，0，0，0，0]T
4.4) carrying out reverse time continuation on the seabed four-component seismic data in three modes by using an acoustic-elastic coupling VTI equation to obtain a qP wave of the whole space at the time t, and entering the subsequent step;
in steps 4.1) -4.4), t0、tmaxRespectively representing the time of recording, the initial time of recording and the maximum time of recording; superscript T represents the transpose of the matrix; v. ofr(x＝xrT) velocity field representing the position of the seabed reception point, vx(xr，t)，vy(xr，t)，vz(xrT) three velocity components, x, representing the position of the seabed receiver point, respectivelyrRepresenting the position of a receiving point at the subsea interface, wherein the following tables x, y, z represent the x-component, y-component, z-component, respectively, of the velocity record; phir(x＝xrT) represents the stress tensor field at the location of the subsea receiving point, p (x)rAnd t) represents the pressure component recorded at the location of the subsea reception site.
2. A method of anisotropic seismic imaging using ocean bottom multicomponent seismic recordings according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the preprocessing comprises repositioning, interpolation, denoising, ghost wave suppression and multiple waves.
3. A method of anisotropic seismic imaging using ocean bottom multicomponent seismic recordings according to claim 1, wherein: and 6) obtaining a single-shot simulated sound wave image by utilizing the cross-correlation imaging condition, obtaining a superposed section by overlapping multiple shots, and displaying the superposed section by a display.
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