CN112213465B - Method for recovering ancient lava flow direction and original form of volcanic mechanism based on electric imaging logging - Google Patents
Method for recovering ancient lava flow direction and original form of volcanic mechanism based on electric imaging logging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for recovering an ancient lava flow direction and an original form of a volcanic mechanism based on electrical imaging logging; the method comprises the following steps: step 1, determining the occurrence of a volcanic lava layer interface based on electrical imaging logging; step 2, determining the occurrence of tuff or tuff mudstone based on electrical imaging logging; step 3, eliminating the structural information of the molten rock layer; and 4, recovering the original form of the volcanic mechanism based on multi-well rock stratum comparison. Determining the occurrence of a volcanic lava layer based on the flow pattern structure and the blocky lava unit interface; determining the structural deformation degree based on the occurrence of tuff and tuff mudstone; correcting the attitude structure of the lava layer based on the attitude of the tuff and the tuff mudstone and judging the orientation of the paleo-lava flow; and determining the original form of the ancient volcanic mechanism based on the well spacing, the ancient lava flow direction, the lithofacies and the rock stratum thickness change. The scheme provided by the invention is simple to operate, and the purpose can be directly achieved only by using the electric imaging logging data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of volcanic mechanism recovery methods; in particular to a method for recovering the orientation of an ancient lava flow and the original form of a volcanic mechanism based on electrical imaging logging.
Background
Ancient volcanic mechanisms are a kind of important geologic bodies containing (solid) minerals and oil-gas-containing resources, such as volcanic rock gas reservoirs in the Chalk system encloser in the Songliao basin in the eastern part of China. These ancient volcanic structures all suffer from different degrees of compressive or tensile structural deformation during basin transformation, so the current space morphology and the productive state of lava strata cannot reflect the morphological scale of the volcanic structures during the initial development, and the volcanic structures need to be corrected and restored. Meanwhile, the restoration of the ancient lava flow direction and the original form of the volcanic mechanism can help to reconstruct the regional structure evolution history, the ancient landform and guide the modeling of the ancient volcanic mechanism. As described above, there is no method for recovering the orientation of the palygorskite flow and the original form of the volcanic mechanism, and the present invention effectively solves the problem.
At present, a method for recovering the orientation of the palygorskite flow and the original form of the volcanic mechanism does not exist, and related methods are still in exploration and practice. The recovery of the volcanic mechanism mentioned so far is only to use aeromagnetic, seismic or lithofacies change to determine the present spatial form of the volcanic mechanism. This form is not the spatial form of the volcanic mechanism as it initially develops, but is now the spatial form that has undergone structural deformation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for recovering the orientation of an ancient lava flow and the original form of a volcanic mechanism based on electrical imaging logging. Aiming at the ancient volcano mechanism developed in the geological historical period, the proposal provides a method for recovering the ancient lava flow direction and the original form of the ancient volcano mechanism by utilizing electrical imaging logging, and the problem of the original form loss of the ancient volcano mechanism caused by structural deformation and the like is effectively solved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a method for recovering an ancient lava flow direction and an original form of a volcanic mechanism based on electrical imaging logging, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining the occurrence of a volcanic lava layer interface based on electrical imaging logging;
identifying lava layer interfaces in the volcanic mechanism by utilizing processed borehole wall electric imaging logging (such as FMI-HD, FMI, FMS, EMI, XRMI and EI) images, wherein the lava layer interfaces comprise two types of lava layer interfaces, one type is a flow line layer interface in a flow line structure, the other type is a rock layer interface of a block-shaped lava layer, and the judgment standard of the flow line structure is as follows: 1) The image appears as high-density superimposed high-resistance stripes (representing a flow-line layer); 2) The strip width does not change significantly in both the well axis and the well diameter directions; 3) The edges of the bands appear as regular low-resistance sinusoids, and an elliptical dark spot distribution can be seen. And sequentially picking up the occurrence states, including inclination angles and tendencies, of the fluidized bed and the blocky molten rock layer from the bottom to the top or from the top to the bottom of the image through human-computer interaction. This step determines the present day occurrence characteristics of the engineered volcanic lava layer.
Step 2, determining the occurrence of tuff or tuff mudstone based on electrical imaging logging;
utilize the electrical imaging logging image recognition tuff of wall of a well or tuff shale layer section, the standard of differentiating is: 1) The GR curve as a whole shows a low value; 2) The static image is dominated by a dark background; 3) The dynamic image is a bright and dark strip-shaped characteristic which is regularly combined, and the width of the strip is not changed in the well diameter direction and is not uniform in the well axis direction. And the stratum attitude, including inclination angle and tendency, of the corresponding stratum is picked up through man-machine interaction, and is used for qualitatively and quantitatively judging the strength of structural deformation. The use of tuff or tuff mudstone for analysis of tectonic deformations is due to the fact that these rocks are initially formed by vertical accretions in a still water environment, developing horizontal bedding; such formations may have varying degrees of formation dip in the originally sedimented horizontal formation if the formation in the area of interest deforms after deposition, thereby recording formation deformation information in the formation in the form of dip and dip. Therefore, the above-mentioned occurrence information needs to be accurately determined when recovering the paleo-lava flow direction and the original form of the paleo-volcanic mechanism.
Step 3, eliminating the structural information of the molten rock layer;
this step is to remove the formation deformation information in the lava layer (including the flow line layer) to restore it to the original developed spatial geometry and for further analysis of the palygorskite flow orientation and spatial morphology of the paleovolcanic structures. The specific operation method is that the inclination angle of the boundary of the flow line layer or the block lava layer is assumed to be theta 1 Azimuthal angle of phi 1 If the dip angle of tuff or tuff is θ 'and the dip tendency is φ', then the initial formation dip and dip of the lava layer are expressed as:
wherein n is F ，n D And n A The three components of the unit normal vector of the streamline layer or the blocky lava layer interface in the electrical imaging logging coordinate system are respectively expressed as follows:
n F ＝cosφ’sinθ 1 sinφ 1 -sinφ’sinθ 1 cosφ 1
n D ＝cosθ’sinφ’sinθ 1 sinφ 1 +cosθ’cosφ’sinθ 1 cosφ 1 -sinθ’cosθ 1
n A ＝sinθ’sinφ’sinθ 1 sinφ 1 +sinθ’cosφ’sinθ 1 cosφ 1 +cosθ’cosθ 1
when the structural deformation information is eliminated, the inclination angle and inclination of the tuff or tuff immediately below the lava layer are preferably selected. In actual research, the drilling profile of the body of the volcanic mechanism does not usually develop tuff or tuff, so the inclination and inclination of the contemporaneously deposited tuff or tuff can be exploited in the drilling of wells at the edge of or away from the volcanic mechanism.
According to the structural deformation characteristics, three deformation modes of the tuff or tuff mudstone occur after deposition. The first is that the stratum and the lava are uniformly deformed once after deposition, only one uniform inclination angle and inclination (mean value method) are needed to be used in a target layer, and the construction environment of a research area is relatively stable. The second case is that the formation including the lava layer is developing while undergoing continuous structural deformation, resulting in gradual change of the attitude of the tuff or tuff with the depth of burial. When the structural deformation information is eliminated, the occurrence of tuff or tuff at the bottommost part and the topmost part of the study interval is determined, and then continuous interpolation is carried out. The background of formation development in this case includes overburden above unconformities, dip plates for growing faults, or wings to codeposition folds, among others. The third situation is complicated, the whole rock stratum undergoes multi-period structural deformation in the development process, a plurality of groups of occurrence information of the tuff or the tuff mudstone exist, and when the structural deformation information is eliminated, the whole volcanic rock body needs to be divided into a plurality of units, and the structural information is eliminated respectively.
Step 4, recovering the original form of the volcanic mechanism based on multi-well rock stratum contrast;
the ancient lava flow direction and the change characteristics of the ancient lava flow direction in each single well in the volcanic mechanism can be recovered through the three steps, the original form of the ancient volcanic mechanism is determined in a well point range, the determination of the original form of the ancient volcanic mechanism in a space range needs to carry out systematic well-to-well comparative analysis, and the principle of selecting well-to-well profiles is to give consideration to different parts of the volcanic mechanism as much as possible and to volcanic wing parts or ring-fire mountain parts from volcanic mouths. Meanwhile, different volcanic rock facies and the occurrence frequency of the volcanic rock facies in each single well need to be counted, and the change of the thickness of the lava facies in each well needs to be counted for the laterally contrastive lava layer. The height of the volcanic mechanism is roughly estimated according to the dip angle and the well spacing of the molten rock layer, and the basic principle is to select two or more drilling wells with the same wing, wherein the drilling wells are respectively positioned at the crater and the edge of the volcanic mechanism as much as possible.
The invention relates to a method for recovering an ancient lava flow direction and an original form of a volcanic mechanism based on electrical imaging logging, which has the main key points that:
(1) Determining the occurrence of the volcanic lava layer based on the flow pattern structure and the blocky lava unit interface;
(2) Determining the structural deformation degree based on the occurrence of tuff and tuff mudstone;
(3) Correcting the attitude structure of the lava layer based on the attitude of the tuff and the tuff mudstone and judging the orientation of the paleo-lava flow;
(4) And determining the original form of the ancient volcanic mechanism based on the well spacing, the ancient lava flow direction, the lithofacies and the rock stratum thickness change.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) The invention is the only method for recovering the orientation of the ancient lava flow and the original form of the ancient volcano mechanism, and the eruption process of the ancient volcano can be constructed according to the method;
(2) The scheme provided by the invention is simple to operate, and the purpose can be directly achieved only by using the electric imaging logging data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a schematic representation of a method for recovering the orientation of a palygorskite flow and the original morphology of a volcanic mechanism based on electrical imaging logging according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a production diagram before and after the deformation of each drilling structure in the creep No. 9 volcanic mechanism according to the embodiment of the invention is eliminated; wherein a.XS9, b.XS901, c.XS902, d.XS903 and depth unit m;
figure 3 is a representation of a raised tuff section in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a comparative XS9-XS902-XS903 well tie according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Examples
The embodiment relates to a method for recovering the orientation of an ancient lava flow and the original form of a volcanic mechanism based on electrical imaging logging; the specific flow is shown in figure 1.
The embodiment takes the No. 9 volcanic mechanism with broken cave and deep cave of the Xujia fox in the Songliao basin in the east of China as an example.
The volcanic mechanism develops huge and thick volcanic rocks in the lower chalky camp group. After volcanic rock formations of the camp group develop, the rock circles begin to cool and contract, so that the crust is unevenly settled, the whole research area enters a depression phase, but the subsidence in the area range usually cannot cause great change of the stratum tendency. In the interregional depression period, there are also multi-phase inversion of structures, such as the last stage of camp group, the last stage of tender river group, the last stage of bright water group and the last stage of ancient system. The reverse pressure and torsion effects can cause the stratum to generate strong folding and fracture deformation, and vinpocetine anticline, civil town construction zone and Daqing long wall are formed in the area around the Xujia fox fracture. In addition, the area is an important volcanic gas field in China, so that electric imaging logging information is rich, particularly in a No. 9 creep volcanic mechanism, high-quality borehole wall electric imaging logging data are collected in XS9, XS901, XS902, XS903 and XS16 wells, wherein the XS9, the XS901, the XS902 and the XS903 are located in a volcanic main body, and the XS16 is located on the outer edge of the volcanic main body.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, respectively determining the occurrence of the current lava layer interface in a creep 9 volcanic mechanism main body XS9, XS901, XS902 and XS903 well based on electric imaging logging;
the characteristics are as follows:
1) The XS9 well meltformation pay varies at different depth intervals but tends overall towards NNW (see fig. 2 a). Wherein the early molten rock formation is on the east; the thicknesses of the two sets of molten rock layers in the middle stage are respectively 30m and 14m, and the whole body is inclined; the late lava layers tended to vary between NNW-NNE, with two sets of lava layers being 17m and 15m thick, respectively. 2) The XS901 weld formation orientations vary greatly at different depth segments (b in FIG. 2), but overall are inclined to NNE. 3) The XS902 well lava layer tendency is stable without large variations, and the overall SSW inclination (see c in fig. 2). 4) The XS903 well lava layer orientation varies greatly in different depth segments, but is primarily in the NW direction (see d in FIG. 2).
Step 2, determining the production states of tuff and tuff mudstone of an outer edge XS16 well of the slow-deep 9 volcanic mechanism based on electrical imaging logging:
the well is located at the outer edge of the slow-deep 9 volcanic mechanism, tuff and tuff which are in the same period with the slow-deep 9 volcanic rock are widely developed, and the rock strata deposited by still water record the structural deformation of the volcanic rock in the camp city group after the volcanic rock is developed. Observation of the imaging logging image shows that the tuff and the tuff are slightly inclined, which indicates that the depression and structure reversal at the later stage improve the broken strata of the xu-jia-weizi, including the volcanic strata in the xu-jia-weizi camp. The electrographic logs showed that the XS16 well tuff and tuff production was relatively consistent across the study interval, 7/154 (see FIG. 3).
3, eliminating the structural information of each drilling lava layer in the Xushen No. 9 volcanic mechanism;
since the inclination angles and tendencies of XS16 well tuff and tuff are consistent throughout the interval under study, the structural information of the lava layer is eliminated by using an averaging method. The corrected result shows that the tectonic movement after the volcanic rock strata of the camp group develop has certain influence on the original shape of the lava stratum and the original shape of the ancient volcanic mechanism, but the influence is weaker; the current and original patterns of the individual well formations differ little, so the creep 9 volcano mechanism has a similar morphology to the current volcano mechanism as it developed initially. Other volcanic mechanisms with pakka fox breakdowns can also be studied using this method.
And 4, restoring the original spatial morphology of the creep No. 9 volcanic mechanism based on XS9-XS901-XS902-XS903 rock contrast:
1) Firstly, analyzing the spatial form of the volcanic mechanism by using the corrected dip angle and the inclination of the lava layer, wherein the overall distribution characteristic of the XS9 lava layer direction shows that the well is positioned on the northwest side of the creep 9 volcanic mechanism; the tendency of the XS901 layer changes more frequently, but there is a main orientation that is inclined to the NNE, so the well is located at the outer edge of the direction of the NNE of the volcanic mechanism, and the orientation of the layer tends to change greatly in these areas. XS902 is located on the side of a volcanic mechanism on the side of SSW, ancient lava flow flows towards the SSW integrally in the volcanic eruption period, meanwhile, the inclination angle of a lava layer is gradually increased from bottom to top, and a process of gradually rising and building the volcanic mechanism is displayed. The XS903 well is located on the northwest side of the volcanic mechanism. XS9, XS901 and XS903 lava layer dip averages 35 degrees and XS902 dip averages 47 degrees, showing that the creep No. 9 volcanic mechanism has steep and gradual gradient differences in different directions, indicating that the volcanic mechanism is an asymmetric volcanic mechanism.
2) The distance between wells in the volcanic mechanism main body is 2.5km, wherein the XS9 well and the XS903 well are positioned in the same direction of the creep 9 volcanic mechanism, and the two wells are respectively positioned near a crater and the edge of the volcanic mechanism, so that the quantitative morphological parameters of the creep 9 volcanic mechanism are estimated according to the original inclination angle of a lava layer and the distance between the two wells: the height is not less than 1.4km.
3) In lithofacies, the XS9 well developed volcanic tunnel facies, showing that the well is located near the crater; XS901 and XS902 are large sets of volcanic lava phases and are therefore located in the volcanic mechanism body; XS901 presents volcanic sedimentary (tuff) and pyroclastic lithofacies in addition to the volcanic lava facies, and XS903 and XS901 share the same lithofacies characteristics, but the frequency of vertical appearance of volcanic sedimentary lithofacies and the monolayer thickness are significantly greater than XS901, so XS901 and XS903 are both located at the edges of the volcanic mechanism, and XS903 is further away from the crater.
4) Three sets of comparable layers of lava exist in the formation profile, the changes of which are shown in fig. 4: its thickness gradually decreases from XS9 to XS902, XS901 and XS903, also showing the distance of the wells and craters and the morphology of the volcanic structures.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for recovering an ancient lava flow direction and an original form of a volcanic mechanism based on electrical imaging logging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining the occurrence of a volcanic lava layer interface based on electrical imaging logging;
step 2, determining the occurrence of tuff or tuff mudstone based on electrical imaging logging;
step 3, eliminating the structural information of the molten rock layer;
step 4, recovering the original form of the volcanic mechanism based on multi-well rock stratum comparison;
in step 1, the specific steps of determining the occurrence of the volcanic lava layer interface based on the electrical imaging logging are as follows:
the method for identifying the lava layer interface in the volcanic mechanism by utilizing the processed borehole wall electrical imaging logging image comprises the following steps: a flow line layer interface in the flow line structure and a rock stratum interface of the blocky lava layer; sequentially picking the occurrence states of the fluidized bed and the blocky molten rock layer from the bottom to the top or from the top to the bottom of the image through human-computer interaction, wherein the occurrence states comprise inclination angles and tendencies; determining the current occurrence characteristics of the volcanic lava layer after structural modification;
in step 2, the specific steps of determining the occurrence of tuff or tuff mudstone based on electrical imaging logging are as follows:
identifying a tuff or tuff shale interval by using borehole wall electrical imaging logging images, picking up the stratum occurrence states including inclination angles and tendencies of the corresponding stratum through man-machine interaction, and qualitatively and quantitatively judging the strength of structural deformation;
in step 3, eliminating the structural information of the lava layer to eliminate structural deformation information in the lava layer, recovering to a space geometric form during initial development, and analyzing the orientation of the ancient lava flow and the space form of the ancient volcanic mechanism;
the specific operation method for eliminating the structural information of the molten rock stratum comprises the following steps: assuming the dip angle of the boundary of the streamline layer or the blocky lava layer to be theta 1 Azimuthal angle of phi 1 Where the dip angle of the tuff or tuff is θ 'and the dip is φ', then the initial formation dip and dip of the lava layer are expressed as:
wherein n is F ，n D And n A The three components of the unit normal vector of the interface of the streamline layer or the blocky lava layer in the electrical imaging logging coordinate system are respectively expressed as follows:
n F ＝cosφ’sinθ 1 sinφ 1 -sinφ’sinθ 1 cosφ 1
n D ＝cosθ’sinφ’sinθ 1 sinφ 1 +cosθ’cosφ’sinθ 1 cosφ 1 -sinθ’cosθ 1
n A ＝sinθ’sinφ’sinθ 1 sinφ 1 +sinθ’cosφ’sinθ 1 cosφ 1 +cosθ’cosθ 1
when the structural deformation information is eliminated, the inclination angle and the inclination of the tuff or the tuff mudstone close to the lower part of the lava layer are used;
according to the structural deformation characteristics, three deformation modes of the tuff or tuff mudstone occur after deposition:
the first method comprises the following steps: the stratum and the volcano lava are uniformly deformed once after deposition, only one uniform inclination angle and inclination are needed to be used in a target layer, and the structural environment of a research area is relatively stable under the condition;
and the second method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that (1) rock strata including a lava stratum are subjected to continuous structural deformation while developing, so that the occurrence of tuff or tuff is gradually changed along with the buried depth, and when structural deformation information is eliminated, the occurrence of the tuff or tuff at the bottommost part and the topmost part of a study interval is determined firstly, and then continuous interpolation is carried out;
and the third is that: the whole rock stratum undergoes multi-stage structural deformation in the development process, and a plurality of groups of occurrence information of tuff or tuff mudstone exist; when the structural deformation information is eliminated, the entire volcanic rock mass needs to be divided into a plurality of units, and the structural information needs to be eliminated respectively.
2. The method for recovering the palygorskite fluid orientation and the original form of the volcanic mechanism based on the electrical imaging logging as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the specific steps of recovering the original form of the volcanic mechanism based on the multi-well rock formation contrast are as follows:
restoring the orientations and the change characteristics of the palygorskite flow in each single well in the volcanic mechanism through the steps 1, 2 and 3, and determining the original form of the palygorskite mechanism in the well point range;
carrying out systematic ground well-connecting comparison analysis to determine the original form of the ancient volcanic mechanism in a spatial range, selecting different parts of the volcanic mechanism according to the well-connecting profile, counting different volcanic rock phases and the frequency of the volcanic rock phases appearing in each single well from a volcanic opening to a volcanic wing part or a ring-fire mountain opening, and counting the change of the thickness of a laterally-compared molten rock layer in each well; and the height of the volcanic mechanism is estimated according to the dip angle and the well spacing of the molten rock layer, two or more wells with the same wing are selected, and the wells are respectively positioned at the crater and the edge of the volcanic mechanism as far as possible.
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