CN112212205A - Anti-fatigue high-pressure hydrogen storage container for hydrogenation station - Google Patents

Anti-fatigue high-pressure hydrogen storage container for hydrogenation station Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112212205A
CN112212205A CN202011117229.5A CN202011117229A CN112212205A CN 112212205 A CN112212205 A CN 112212205A CN 202011117229 A CN202011117229 A CN 202011117229A CN 112212205 A CN112212205 A CN 112212205A
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container
outer container
inner container
pressure
sealing
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CN112212205B (en
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黄淞
惠虎
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East China University of Science and Technology
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East China University of Science and Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/14—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of aluminium; constructed of non-magnetic steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
    • F16J15/062—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces characterised by the geometry of the seat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/06—Closures, e.g. cap, breakable member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/068—Special properties of materials for vessel walls
    • F17C2203/0682—Special properties of materials for vessel walls with liquid or gas layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0311—Closure means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
    • F17C2209/2181—Metal working processes, e.g. deep drawing, stamping or cutting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-fatigue high-pressure hydrogen storage container for a hydrogenation station, which adopts a non-welded double-layer cylinder structure, wherein an inner container is a large-volume seamless gas cylinder, an outer container is a two-flap combined large-volume seamless gas cylinder, and the inner container is supported in the outer container through a gasket and gas inlet/outlet pipes at two ends of the container by flange connection. When in use, the inner container is filled with high-pressure hydrogen, and the outer container is filled with high-pressure nitrogen as balance gas. The stress level of the inner container is adjusted by balancing the gas pressure, and the crack propagation driving force of the inner container is reduced. The inner container can be made of austenitic stainless steel with good hydrogen compatibility, and the outer container can be made of high-strength steel to bear high-pressure nitrogen. The invention effectively solves the problem of hydrogen embrittlement of the current single-layer hydrogen storage container material, and also overcomes the defects of complex manufacturing process, more and dense welding seams, high welding quality control difficulty, long production period and high cost of the existing multilayer high-pressure hydrogen storage device.

Description

Anti-fatigue high-pressure hydrogen storage container for hydrogenation station
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of new energy storage and transportation, relates to an anti-fatigue high-pressure container for a hydrogenation station, and particularly relates to a fixed type gas storage container suitable for high-pressure hydrogen.
Background
In the hydrogen fuel cell automobile industry, a hydrogen station needs to compress hydrogen to 45-99 MPa pressure and store the hydrogen in a high-pressure hydrogen storage container, according to the filling process requirement of the hydrogen station on the current market, the high-pressure hydrogen storage container of the hydrogen station needs to bear about 10 ten thousand times of fatigue load with fluctuation range of about 20MPa within the design life, and once the hydrogen storage device fails suddenly due to fatigue, hydrogen explosion is generated, and disastrous results are caused.
However, in the process of long-term service in a high-pressure hydrogen environment, the hydrogen storage container has durability reduction due to hydrogen embrittlement of the material, the fatigue crack propagation rate is greatly accelerated, the fatigue failure resistance performance of the hydrogen storage container is greatly reduced, and the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of the material is improved along with the increase of the hydrogen storage pressure, so that the problem is more prominent, and therefore, the guarantee of the durability of the high-pressure hydrogen storage device is a key problem for ensuring the long-term safe and stable operation of a hydrogen refueling station.
In the prior art, two main technical schemes are provided for solving the problem of durability reduction caused by hydrogen embrittlement of a high-pressure hydrogen storage container: one is a single-layer, large-wall-thickness, non-welded pressure vessel made of low-alloy high-strength steel, the scheme effectively reduces the stress level of the inner wall of the hydrogen storage device by increasing the wall thickness of the hydrogen storage container and self-reinforcing technology, thereby reducing the fatigue risk caused by hydrogen embrittlement of the hydrogen storage container, the scheme has the advantage of relatively simple manufacturing process, but has the defects that the effective volume rate is very low, the large-wall-thickness non-welded container only can adopt a single-side heat treatment process, the hardenability of quenching heat treatment is very poor due to overlarge wall thickness of the container, and the performance of the material after the heat treatment is difficult to ensure; the other is a multilayer hydrogen storage container compounded by multilayer concentric cylindrical shells, the proposal adopts carbon fiber, steel strip or steel plate and the like to wind or wrap the thin-wall container made of austenitic stainless steel, and reduces the hydrogen embrittlement fatigue risk of the hydrogen storage container by virtue of the characteristic of low hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of the austenitic stainless steel. Therefore, the prior art still fails to solve the requirements of the fuel cell industry development that the high-pressure hydrogen storage container has large effective volume, good hydrogen embrittlement resistance, high manufacturing reliability and low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an anti-fatigue high-pressure hydrogen storage container for a hydrogen station, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an anti-fatigue high-pressure hydrogen storage container for a hydrogenation station comprises an inner container and an outer container sleeved outside the inner container, wherein the inner container is a large-volume seamless gas cylinder made of a hydrogen-compatible material-austenitic stainless steel and is filled with high-pressure hydrogen; the outer container is a large-volume seamless gas cylinder made of high-strength steel seamless steel pipes, and is filled with balance gas nitrogen; the working stress level of the inner container is reduced through effective regulation and control of the pressure of the balance gas; the outer container is of a two-flap combined structure, the two flaps are connected through a flange, and the two flaps of the outer container are connected and sealed through a high-pressure sealing gasket; the middle part of the outer container realizes the disassembly of the outer container through flange sealing.
Furthermore, one end of the inner container and one end of the outer container are connected with the bottle mouths of the inner container and the outer container through the outer container inlet/outlet pipe, and the other end of the inner container is connected with the bottle mouths of the inner container and the outer container through the inner container inlet/outlet pipe, so that two closed cavities of the inner container and the outer container are formed.
According to the anti-fatigue high-pressure hydrogen storage container for the hydrogen station, the specific structure is as follows:
the inner container comprises an inner container first end, a barrel and an inner container second end; the first end of the inner container is provided with an inner container sealing end cover, and the first end of the inner container is connected with the inner container sealing end cover through threads; a gasket is arranged on the cylinder body of the inner container; an outer container lens gasket is also arranged on the cylinder body of the inner container;
the outer container is of a two-flap combined structure and is respectively an outer container flap A and an outer container flap B;
one end of the outer container A flap is an open end, and the other end of the outer container A flap is a bottle mouth end corresponding to the first end of the inner container;
one end of the outer container B flap is an open end, and the other end of the outer container B flap is a bottle mouth end matched with the second end of the inner container;
the outer sides of the open end of the outer container A clack and the open end of the outer container B clack are respectively provided with a threaded flange, and the outer container A clack and the outer container B clack are in threaded connection through the threaded flanges and a main bolt; when assembled, the outer container lens gasket is disposed between the open ends of the outer container a lobes and the open ends of the outer container B lobes;
an outer container air inlet/outlet end cover 2 is arranged at the bottle mouth end of the outer container A flap, and the outer container air inlet/outlet end cover 2 is connected with the bottle mouth of the outer container A flap through threads; an outer container air inlet/outlet pipe 11 is arranged in the central hole of the bottle mouth end of the flap A of the outer container, and the outer container air inlet/outlet pipe 11 extends into the inner side of the outer container and is pressed against the central positioning hole of the inner container sealing end cover 14; the outer container air inlet/outlet end cover 2 is connected with the outer container air inlet/outlet pipe 11 through threads;
the bottle mouth end of the outer container B flap is provided with an inner container air inlet/outlet pipe 10 which is connected with the bottle mouth of the outer container B flap through threads; one end of the inner container inlet/outlet pipe 10 is provided with a sealing groove, the other end of the inner container inlet/outlet pipe is in a piston-shaped boss shape, the inner container inlet/outlet pipe extends into the outer container and extends to the inner side of the inner container through the bottle mouth of the second end of the inner container, and the piston-shaped boss of the inner container inlet/outlet pipe is inserted into the central hole of the bottle mouth of the second end of the inner container.
Furthermore, an O-shaped sealing ring and a sealing ring retainer ring are arranged on the bottle mouth sealing surface of the first end of the inner container.
Furthermore, an O-shaped sealing ring is arranged on the sealing surface of the opening end of the A clack of the outer container.
Furthermore, O-shaped sealing rings are respectively arranged in a groove of the piston-shaped boss of the inner container inlet/outlet pipe and in a sealing groove at the end part.
Furthermore, the sealing ring does not adopt an O-shaped ring, and any high-pressure self-tightening sealing structure form approved by engineering experience, such as a spring + a C-shaped ring, a spring + an O-shaped ring + a trapezoidal pad, can be used for sealing the anti-fatigue high-pressure hydrogen storage container for the hydrogen station.
Further, the outer container lens gasket is not limited to a lens gasket, and a B-shaped gasket, a tapered gasket, and other high-pressure sealing structures may be used.
Further, the maximum working pressure of the inner vessel is p1Minimum working pressure p3Design pressure of piBending under external pressureCritical pressure piiDesign pressure of outer vessel p2Design pressure p of inner vesseliAnd design pressure p of the outer vessel2The following relationships should be satisfied
Figure BDA0002730735510000031
According to the anti-fatigue high-pressure hydrogen storage container for the hydrogenation station, the inner cylinder body is made of the anti-hydrogen-embrittlement 316L austenitic stainless steel or 6061 aluminum alloy, the outer cylinder body is made of high-strength steel, the cavity between the inner container and the outer container is filled with balance gas, and the anti-hydrogen-embrittlement performance of the hydrogen storage device is improved through the pressure difference among the multiple layers of containers.
According to the fatigue-resistant high-pressure hydrogen storage container for the hydrogen station, the inner container and the outer container are filled simultaneously during filling, the pressure in the cavity of the outer container is unchanged during working, the working pressure of the cavity is changed, and the highest working pressure of the cavity can exceed 100 MPa.
According to the anti-fatigue high-pressure hydrogen storage container for the hydrogen station, two ends of the inner container are manufactured by adopting a spinning process and are closed to form a hemispherical end enclosure; the centers of the end sockets at both ends are provided with center holes.
According to the anti-fatigue high-pressure hydrogen storage container for the hydrogen station, two ends of the outer container are manufactured by a spinning process and are closed to form a hemispherical end enclosure; the outer container is of a left-right two-half combined structure, a threaded flange is mounted in the middle of the outer container, the two halves of the outer container are connected through the threaded flange, and a stainless steel high-pressure self-tightening outer container sealing gasket is mounted between the flanges.
According to the fatigue-resistant high-pressure hydrogen storage container for the hydrogenation station, further, the gas inlet/outlet pipe of the outer container is a hollow straight pipe, the side surface of the straight pipe is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, and two ends of the pipe are connected with the gas inlet/outlet end cover of the outer container and the sealing end cover of the inner container through threads.
According to the anti-fatigue high-pressure hydrogen storage container for the hydrogen station, further, the inner container gas inlet/outlet pipe is a straight pipe with a stepped wall thickness, a piston-shaped boss is arranged at the tail end of the straight pipe and extends into a central opening of a bottle mouth of the inner container, and a plurality of annular grooves are formed in the boss and used for installing sealing rings; the root part of the sealing ring is provided with a sealing plane for installing an outer container sealing ring; the root of the screw thread is connected with the outer container bottle mouth.
According to the anti-fatigue high-pressure hydrogen storage container for the hydrogenation station, further, the check ring and the sealing ring are arranged in the inner container sealing end cover, and the check ring is positioned on the inner side of the sealing ring to prevent the sealing ring from extruding into the inner container.
According to the fatigue-resistant high-pressure hydrogen storage container for the hydrogen station, further, the inner container is supported in the outer container through the inner container at two ends, the outer container air inlet/outlet pipe and the gasket sleeved on the inner container.
The realization principle of the invention is as follows: the installation mode of the invention is as follows: installing a check ring and a sealing ring on the inner container sealing end cover, and installing the inner container sealing end cover on a bottle mouth at one end of the inner container; connecting an outer container air inlet/outlet end cover with an outer container air inlet/outlet pipe, installing a sealing ring inside the end cover, and installing the outer container air inlet/outlet end cover and the outer container air inlet/outlet pipe at the end part of the outer container through a central hole of an outer container bottle mouth; the inner container is sent into the outer container until the air inlet/outlet of the outer container props against a positioning groove at the center of the sealing end cover of the inner container; sleeving the outer container sealing gasket on the inner container, connecting the other half of the outer container with the outer container provided with the inner container through a threaded flange, tightly pressing the outer container sealing gasket, and screwing a main bolt to realize the middle sealing of the outer container; the sealing rings are respectively arranged in the tail ends of the inner container inlet/outlet pipe and the grooves on the bosses, the inner container inlet/outlet pipe is fed into the outer container through the outer container bottleneck central hole, the boss part of the inner container inlet/outlet pipe is inserted into the inner container bottleneck central hole, and the inner container inlet/outlet pipe is connected with the outer container bottleneck through threads, so that the simultaneous sealing of the inner container bottleneck and the outer container bottleneck is realized.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the inner container stores high-pressure hydrogen, and the outer container stores high-pressure nitrogen. Let the maximum working pressure of the inner vessel be p1Design pressure of inner vessel is piCritical point of buckling under external pressurePressure piiDesign pressure of outer vessel p2In operation, the inner container operating pressure is at p due to load changes1～p3Cyclically change between (p)1＞p3). Design pressure p of inner vesseliAnd design pressure p of the outer vessel2Should satisfy
Figure BDA0002730735510000041
In the constraint of the above formula, p is guaranteedi≥p1-p2The design pressure and the wall thickness of the inner container are reduced, and the effective volume of the inner container is increased; guarantee pii>p2-p3So that the inner container does not have external pressure buckling failure under the lowest working pressure; guarantee p2＞p3The inner vessel is subjected to internal/external pressure cycling during the service load period, reducing the average stress level of the inner vessel wall.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the aspect of structural form, the invention adopts a non-welding multilayer sleeving structural form, full thread connection is not welded, and the inner container is a thin-wall container and has larger effective inner volume. The outer container is of a two-half combined structure, one side of each half is spun, closed and the other side is open, double-sided heat treatment is convenient to carry out, and hardenability is easy to guarantee. Compared with the prior multilayer hydrogen storage device technology, the invention overcomes the defects of multiple welding lines and difficult control of welding quality in the multilayer hydrogen storage device technology, and inherits the advantage of large effective volume of the multilayer hydrogen storage device. Compared with the prior single-layer hydrogen storage device technology, the structure of the invention overcomes the defects that the hardenability of the single-layer hydrogen storage device is difficult to ensure after the wall thickness is overlarge and the effective volume is small, and inherits the advantages of non-welding of the single-layer hydrogen storage device, high manufacturing reliability and high efficiency.
In the aspect of hydrogen embrittlement resistance, the working pressure of the inner container is reduced through the pressure of the outer container, the inner container works in an internal pressure-external pressure circulation state in fatigue load circulation, the working stress level of the wall material of the inner container is very low, and fatigue line expansion can be effectively inhibited, so that the hydrogen storage device is resistant to damage caused by hydrogen embrittlement.
In the aspect of structural reliability, the pressure of the outer container is kept constant when the hydrogen storage device works normally, if the inner container is broken, the outer container can play a role of a protective shell to seal leakage media and explosion pressure in the outer container, so that risk points are dispersed, the hydrogen storage device cannot cause disastrous consequences due to one-time failure, time is won for escape of field personnel and emergency treatment of accidents, and the hydrogen storage device has intrinsic safety. The invention utilizes the pressure difference between the outer container and the inner container to seal the high-pressure hydrogen from p1Down to p1-p2And the reliability of high-pressure hydrogen gas sealing on the sealing pipe is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fatigue-resistant high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel for a hydrogen station according to the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a partial block diagram of the gas connecting end of the outer vessel; (b) the partial structure of the closed end of the inner container is simplified; (c) partial structure diagram of gas connecting pipe end of inner container;
labeled as: 1. a frame; 2. an outer container inlet/outlet end cap; 3. an outer container A flap; 4. outer container B lobe, 5 inner container; 6. a gasket; 7. a threaded flange; 8. an outer container gasket; 9. a main bolt; 10. an inner container inlet/outlet pipe; 11. an outer container inlet/outlet pipe; 12-1. outer container sealing ring; 12-2. inner container sealing ring; 12-3, piston sealing ring; 13. a seal ring retainer ring; 14. the inner container seals the end cap.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method of the invention is realized as follows:
an anti-fatigue high-pressure hydrogen storage container for a hydrogen station comprises:
and (3) assembling the inner container assembly, wherein an inner container sealing ring 12-2 and a sealing ring check ring 13 are arranged on a sealing surface of a bottle mouth at one end of the inner container 5, an inner container sealing end cover 14 is connected with the bottle mouth of the inner container 5 through threads, and a gasket 6 is sleeved on the cylinder body of the inner container 5 to complete the assembly of the inner container assembly.
Assembling an outer container A flap assembly, connecting a threaded flange 7 with an outer container A flap 3 and an outer container B flap 4 through threads respectively, connecting an outer container air inlet/outlet end cover 2 with an outer container air inlet/outlet pipe 11 through threads, installing an outer container sealing ring 12-1 on a sealing surface of an outer container A flap 3 bottle opening, connecting the outer container air inlet/outlet pipe 11 with a central hole of the outer container A flap 3 bottle opening, and connecting the outer container air inlet/outlet end cover 2 with the outer container A flap 3 bottle opening through threads to finish the assembly of the outer container A flap assembly.
And (3) assembling the inner container assembly and the outer container A flap assembly, feeding the inner container assembly into the outer container through the open end of the outer container A flap 3, and sleeving the inner container assembly and the outer container A flap until the end part of the outer container air inlet/outlet pipe 11 abuts against the central positioning hole of the inner container sealing end cover 14, so that the assembly of the inner container assembly and the outer container A flap assembly is completed.
Assembling an outer container, sleeving an outer container lens sealing gasket 8 on a barrel of an inner container 5, contacting with a sealing surface at the open end of an outer container A flap 3, sleeving an outer container B flap 4 on the barrel of the inner container 5, contacting the open sealing surface of the outer container B flap with the outer container lens sealing gasket 8, screwing a threaded flange 7 through a main bolt 9, pressing the outer container A flap 3 and the outer container B flap 4 against the outer container lens sealing gasket 8, and sealing the barrel of the outer container.
Assembling an inner container inlet/outlet pipe, installing an outer container sealing ring 12-1 in a sealing groove at the end part of the inner container inlet/outlet pipe 10, installing a piston sealing ring 12-3 in a groove of a piston boss of the inner container inlet/outlet pipe 10, inserting the inner container inlet/outlet pipe 10 into an outer container through a bottle mouth central hole of an outer container B flap 4, inserting the piston boss into a bottle mouth central hole of an inner container 5, connecting the end part of the inner container inlet/outlet pipe 10 with the bottle mouth of the outer container B flap 4 through threads, installing the assembled anti-fatigue high-pressure hydrogen storage container in a frame 1, and finishing the assembling process of the invention
And connecting external high-pressure hydrogen with external high-pressure nitrogen to complete the assembling process of the invention.
In the filling process of the invention, the outer container inlet/outlet end cap 2 is connected with an outer container medium gas source (taking nitrogen as an example), the inner container inlet/outlet pipe 10 is connected with a high-pressure hydrogen source, and the interiors of two cavities of the inner container and the outer container are simultaneously connected with the high-pressure hydrogen sourceFilling with compressed gas until the inner container reaches the maximum working pressure p1And the outer vessel reaches the working pressure p2And finishing filling.
During operation of the invention, the operating pressure in the inner vessel 5 is at p1～p3Through circulation, the working pressure in the outer container (outer container A flap 3+ outer container B flap 4+ threaded flange 7+ outer container lens gasket 8+ main bolt 9) is maintained p2And is not changed. When the pressure in the inner vessel 5 is the highest working pressure p1At the time, the inner container sealing ring 12-2 at the inner container sealing end cover 14 forms a sealing pressure p1-p2Sealing with hydrogen; the piston sealing ring 12-3 on the piston boss of the inlet/outlet pipe 10 of the inner container forms sealing pressure p1-p2Sealing with hydrogen; the outer container sealing ring 12-1 of the outer container inlet/outlet 2 forms a sealing pressure p2Sealing with nitrogen; the sealing pressure p is formed at the outer container sealing ring 12-1 at the end part of the inner container air inlet/outlet pipe 102Is sealed by nitrogen. At this time, the pressure received by the inner container 5 is p1-p2(internal pressure) the external container (external container lobe A3 + external container lobe B4 + threaded flange 7+ external container lens gasket 8+ main bolt 9) is subjected to a pressure p2(internal pressure). When the pressure in the inner vessel 5 is the lowest working pressure p3At the time, the inner container sealing ring 12-2 at the inner container sealing end cover 14 forms a sealing pressure p2-p3The pressure direction is changed by 180 degrees, and at the moment, the sealing ring retainer ring 13 can prevent the inner container sealing ring 12-2 from being extruded inwards to lose efficacy under the action of external pressure, so that the reliability of the sealing surface is maintained; the piston sealing ring 12-3 on the piston boss of the inlet/outlet pipe 10 of the inner container forms sealing pressure p2-p3The pressure direction is changed by 180 degrees; the outer container sealing ring 12-1 of the outer container inlet/outlet 2 forms a sealing pressure p2Sealing with nitrogen; the sealing pressure p is formed at the outer container sealing ring 12-1 at the end part of the inner container air inlet/outlet pipe 102Is sealed by nitrogen. At this time, the pressure received by the inner container 5 is p2-p3(external pressure), and the pressure applied to the outer container (outer container a lobe 3+ outer container B lobe 4+ threaded flange 7+ outer container lens gasket 8+ main bolt 9) was p2 (internal pressure).
In the maintenance process of the invention, hydrogen in the inner container 5 is synchronously released with nitrogen in the outer container (the outer container A flap 3+ the outer container B flap 4+ the threaded flange 7+ the outer container lens gasket 8+ the main bolt 9), and the pressure in the outer container (the outer container A flap 3+ the outer container B flap 4+ the threaded flange 7+ the outer container lens gasket 8+ the main bolt 9) and the pressure difference in the inner container 5 are controlled within a certain range by a special system. After the discharge is finished, the main bolt 9 is loosened, and the outer container B flap 4 is detached by using a special tool, so that the inner container 5 can be subjected to nondestructive testing, and the daily maintenance operations such as replacement of the outer container sealing ring 12-1, the inner container sealing ring 12-2 and the piston sealing ring 12-3 can be carried out.
Although the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
For example, the outer container seal ring 12-1, the inner container seal ring 12-2, and the piston seal ring 12-3 may be implemented without using O-rings, and any engineering experience approved high pressure self-tightening seal structure form such as spring + C-ring, spring + O-ring + trapezoidal gasket, etc. may be used for the seal of the present invention.
For another example, the frame 1 may be in the form of a welded leg, a skirt, a steel frame, or the like.
For another example, the medium stored in the inner container 5 is not limited to high-pressure hydrogen gas, and is also applicable to other gases having an aggressive action on materials.
For another example, the balance gas filled in the outer cylinder is not limited to high-pressure nitrogen, but is also applicable to other protective gases such as argon.
For example, the outer container lens gasket 8 is not limited to a lens gasket, and other high-pressure sealing structures such as a B-shaped gasket and a tapered gasket may be used.
For another example, the fatigue-resistant high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel is not limited to be horizontally mounted, but is also vertically mounted according to the process requirements.
However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are still within the technical scope of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solutions of the present invention are departed.

Claims (10)

1. An antifatigue high pressure hydrogen storage container for hydrogenation station, includes inner container and the external container of registrate inside vessel outside, its characterized in that: the inner container is a large-volume seamless gas cylinder made of a material with hydrogen compatibility, namely austenitic stainless steel, and is filled with high-pressure hydrogen; the outer container is a thick-walled container made of high-strength steel seamless steel pipes or forgings and is filled with balance gas nitrogen; the working stress level of the inner container is reduced through effective regulation and control of the pressure of the balance gas; the outer container is of a two-flap combined structure, the two flaps are connected by a flange, and the two flaps of the outer container are combined and sealed by a high-pressure sealing gasket; the middle part of the outer container realizes the disassembly of the outer container through flange sealing.
2. The fatigue-resistant high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel for the hydrogen station as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the inner container comprises an inner container first end, a barrel and an inner container second end; the first end of the inner container is provided with an inner container sealing end cover (14), and the first end of the inner container is connected with the inner container sealing end cover through threads; a gasket (6) is arranged on the cylinder body of the inner container; an outer container lens gasket (8) is also arranged on the cylinder body of the inner container;
the outer container is of a two-flap combined structure and is respectively an outer container flap A and an outer container flap B;
one end of the outer container A flap is an open end, and the other end of the outer container A flap is a bottle mouth end corresponding to the first end of the inner container;
one end of the outer container B flap is an open end, and the other end of the outer container B flap is a bottle mouth end corresponding to the second end of the inner container;
the outer sides of the open end of the outer container A clack and the open end of the outer container B clack are respectively provided with a threaded flange, and the outer container A clack and the outer container B clack are in threaded connection through the threaded flanges and a main bolt; when assembled, the outer container lens gasket is disposed between the open ends of the outer container a lobes and the open ends of the outer container B lobes;
an outer container air inlet/outlet end cover (2) is arranged at the bottle mouth end of the outer container A clack, and the outer container air inlet/outlet end cover (2) is connected with the bottle mouth of the outer container A clack through threads; an outer container air inlet/outlet pipe (11) is arranged in the central hole of the bottleneck end of the flap A of the outer container, and the outer container air inlet/outlet pipe (11) extends into the inner side of the outer container and is pressed against the central positioning hole of the inner container sealing end cover (14); the outer container air inlet/outlet end cover (2) is connected with the outer container air inlet/outlet pipe (11) through threads;
the bottle mouth end of the outer container B flap is provided with an inner container air inlet/outlet pipe (10) which is connected with the bottle mouth of the outer container B flap through threads; one end of the inner container inlet/outlet pipe (10) is provided with a sealing groove, the other end of the inner container inlet/outlet pipe is in a piston-shaped boss shape, the inner container inlet/outlet pipe (10) extends into the outer container and extends to the inner side of the inner container through the bottle mouth at the second end of the inner container, and the piston-shaped boss of the inner container inlet/outlet pipe (10) is inserted into the central hole of the bottle mouth at the second end of the inner container.
3. The fatigue-resistant high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel for the hydrogen station as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
an O-shaped sealing ring and a sealing ring check ring are arranged on a bottle mouth sealing surface at the first end of the inner container, so that the internal pressure and external pressure sealing of the inner container can be realized;
an O-shaped sealing ring is arranged on the sealing surface of the bottleneck end of the A flap of the outer container;
o-shaped sealing rings are respectively arranged in the groove of the piston-shaped boss of the inner container inlet/outlet pipe (10) and in the end sealing groove.
4. The fatigue-resistant high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel for the hydrogen station as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
the sealing ring does not adopt an O-shaped ring, and any high-pressure self-tightening sealing structure form approved by engineering experience, such as a spring + a C-shaped ring, a spring + an O-shaped ring + a trapezoidal pad, can be used for sealing the anti-fatigue high-pressure hydrogen storage container for the hydrogen filling station.
5. The fatigue-resistant high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel for the hydrogen station as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
the outer container lens gasket (8) is not limited to a lens gasket, but a B-shaped gasket, a tapered gasket and other high-pressure sealing structures can be adopted.
6. A fatigue-resistant high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel for a hydrogen station according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the maximum working pressure of the inner vessel is p1Minimum working pressure p3Design pressure of piCritical pressure of buckling under external pressure is piiDesign pressure of outer vessel p2Design pressure p of inner vesseliAnd design pressure p of the outer vessel2The following relationships should be satisfied
Figure FDA0002730735500000021
7. A fatigue-resistant high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel for a hydrogen station according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the inner cylinder body is made of hydrogen-brittleness-resistant 316L austenitic stainless steel or 6061 aluminum alloy, the outer cylinder body is made of high-strength steel, balance gas is filled in a cavity between the inner container and the outer container, and the hydrogen-brittleness resistance of the hydrogen storage device is improved through the pressure difference among the multiple layers of containers.
8. A fatigue-resistant high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel for a hydrogen station according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: during filling, the inner container and the outer container are filled simultaneously, the pressure in the cavity of the outer container is unchanged during working, the working pressure of the cavity is changed, and the highest working pressure of the cavity can exceed 100 MPa.
9. A fatigue-resistant high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel for a hydrogen station according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: two ends of the inner container are manufactured by adopting a spinning process and are closed to form a hemispherical end enclosure; wherein, a central hole is arranged on the bottle mouth at one end, and a blind hole can be arranged on the bottle mouth at the other end.
10. A fatigue-resistant high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel for a hydrogen station according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the inner container inlet/outlet pipe is a stepped wall-thickness straight pipe provided with a sealing ring, the tail end of the inner container inlet/outlet pipe is provided with a piston-shaped boss, the sealing ring is arranged in a boss groove, when the inner container inlet/outlet pipe works, the piston boss and the bottle mouth of the inner container form piston sealing, the sealing ring at the end part of the inner container inlet/outlet pipe and the outer container form self-tightening sealing, and the inner container inlet/outlet pipe can simultaneously realize the sealing of media of the inner container and the outer container and charge/discharge.
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CN204005210U (en) * 2014-07-28 2014-12-10 大连理工大学 Variable combination type C type LNG sloshing test tank
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