CN112211801B - Efficient air compression device and method based on gas adsorption and desorption effects - Google Patents
Efficient air compression device and method based on gas adsorption and desorption effects Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
- F04B37/02—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for evacuating by absorption or adsorption
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
- F04B37/02—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for evacuating by absorption or adsorption
- F04B37/04—Selection of specific absorption or adsorption materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency air compression device based on gas adsorption and desorption effects, which comprises an adsorption and desorption device, an air bag, a gas conversion device, a compression device and a gas storage device, wherein the air bag is arranged in the air bag; the adsorption and desorption device is filled with a temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material, and the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material is reversibly adsorbed with a gas working medium; the air bag is communicated with the adsorption and desorption device and is used for storing gas working media; the air bag is arranged inside the gas conversion device; the gas conversion device compresses air through the volume change of the air bag; the compression device is used for compressing air, and the heat energy generated by the air compression is supplied to the adsorption and desorption device; the gas storage device is respectively communicated with the gas conversion device and the compression device and is used for storing compressed air. The invention can realize the recycling of low-grade compression heat and improve the utilization rate of the energy consumption of the air compressor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of industrial compressed air systems, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency air compression device and method based on a gas adsorption and desorption effect.
Background
Compressed air is widely applied to modern industrial production as one of three industrial power transmission media. Compressed air is inefficient to use compared to electrical and hydraulic transmission media. Meanwhile, the energy consumption for generating compressed air is large, the total energy consumption accounts for about 9% of national generated energy, and under the environment of global warming, the improvement of the utilization rate of the energy consumption of the compressor is one of effective ways for realizing energy conservation and emission reduction, and has important significance.
At present, only about 50% of electric energy is converted into compressed air effective energy for use in the compression process of the air compressor, about 50% of energy is dissipated in the form of heat energy, and the air compressor has huge energy consumption and low efficiency. Therefore, the heat recovery is an effective way for improving the energy consumption utilization rate of the air compressor. However, the exhaust temperature of the conventional air compressor is about 80-150 ℃, which belongs to a low-quality heat source (generally <230 ℃), and the scale of the generated compression heat is small, so that the recovery, storage and reuse of the compression heat are difficult to realize. Therefore, how to effectively utilize the compression heat and improve the energy consumption utilization rate of the air compression device is a problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a high-efficiency air compression device based on a gas adsorption and desorption effect and a method thereof, wherein an adsorption and desorption device, a gas conversion device and an air bag are added on the basis of a traditional air compression device, and a temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material of the adsorption and desorption device in different temperature modes is used for adsorbing and desorbing a gas working medium, so that the generation of compressed air in the gas conversion device is realized, the effective recycling of compression heat is further realized, and the utilization rate of air compression energy is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-efficiency air compression device based on gas adsorption and desorption effects,
comprises an adsorption and desorption device, an air bag, a gas conversion device, a compression device and a gas storage device;
the adsorption and desorption device is filled with a temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material, and the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material is reversibly adsorbed with a gas working medium;
the air bag is communicated with the adsorption and desorption device and is used for storing gas working media; the air bag is arranged inside the gas conversion device;
the gas conversion device compresses air through the volume change of the air bag;
the compression device is used for compressing air, and the heat energy generated by the air compression is supplied to the adsorption and desorption device;
the gas storage device is respectively communicated with the gas conversion device and the compression device and is used for storing compressed air.
The temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material is mainly applied to preparation of elemental high-pressure adsorption gas at present, compression heat is used as a heat source by utilizing the characteristics of the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material that the gas working medium is desorbed at high temperature and the gas working medium is adsorbed at low temperature, and the pressure in the gas conversion device is changed through the change of the airbag volume caused by the adsorption and desorption change of the gas working medium in the temperature change process, so that air compression is completed in the gas conversion device, the waste heat recovery of the compression device is effectively realized, and the energy utilization rate is further improved.
Preferably, the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material is a material capable of realizing reversible adsorption and desorption of the gas working medium at different temperatures.
Preferably, the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material can be selected from gas storage alloy, such as MmNi4.7Al0.3、MmNi4.7Fe0.3、La0.85Ce0.15Ni5And the like.
Preferably, the gas working medium can be selected from carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen and other gases.
The exhaust temperature of the common compressor is between 80 and 150 ℃, which can meet the temperature of the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material for desorbing the gas working medium.
Preferably, the air bag is made of a material with high tensile strength, good elasticity and good air tightness.
Preferably, the compression device is connected with an exhaust pipeline; the exhaust pipeline penetrates through the interior of the adsorption and desorption device and is connected with the gas storage device.
The exhaust pipeline is arranged, so that heat carried by compressed air can be transmitted to the adsorption and desorption device in the exhaust process, and the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material is heated to desorb gas working media.
Further preferably, a part of the exhaust pipeline, which is positioned outside the adsorption and desorption device, can be provided with a heat insulation layer or adopt a heat insulation material, so that the heat loss is reduced; the part of the exhaust pipeline inside the adsorption and desorption device can be made of heat conducting materials so as to conduct heat quickly.
Further preferably, the part of the exhaust pipeline inside the adsorption and desorption device can be provided in a snake shape, a disc shape or the like, and the part is uniformly distributed and extended to fully contact the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material.
Preferably, the compression device is provided with a jacket, and a heat transfer medium is introduced into the jacket; and the jacket is connected with a heat transfer pipeline which is used for supplying heat for the adsorption and desorption device.
The heat transfer medium may be a gaseous medium or a liquid medium.
Preferably, above-mentioned high-efficient air compression device based on gas adsorption desorption effect still includes refrigerating plant, and refrigerating plant is used for carrying out cooling treatment to adsorption desorption device.
A high-efficiency air compression method based on gas adsorption and desorption effects utilizes the high-efficiency air compression device to compress air, and comprises compression, adsorption and desorption, gas conversion and gas storage;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
compression:
compressing air by using a compression device, increasing the air pressure, and generating compressed air and compression heat;
the adsorption and desorption comprises a hot mode and a cold mode:
1) a hot mode: providing a heat source for the adsorption and desorption device by utilizing the compression heat generated in the compression process, so that the gas working medium is desorbed from the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material;
2) and (3) cold mode: when the adsorption and desorption device is in a cooling state, the gas working medium is adsorbed to the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material;
the gas conversion comprises an inspiration process and a compression process:
A) and (3) a gas suction process: in a cold mode, the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material adsorbs gas working media, the size of the air bag is reduced, and the atmosphere enters the gas conversion device to complete air suction;
B) and (3) a compression process: in the thermal mode, the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material is heated to desorb the gas working medium, the volume of the air bag is increased, and the atmosphere in the gas conversion device is compressed to complete the compression;
gas storage: the compressed air generated in the compression device and the gas conversion device is transmitted to the gas storage device.
Preferably, the cold source of the cold mode is provided by a cryogenic environment or a refrigeration device.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes the compression heat generated by the compressed air as the heat source of the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material for desorbing the gas working medium, realizes the generation of the compressed air in the gas conversion device by utilizing the volume change of the air bag caused by the desorption and the adsorption of the gas working medium, and effectively improves the utilization rate of the energy consumption of air compression.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an efficient air compression device based on gas adsorption and desorption effect in example 2;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an efficient air compression device based on gas adsorption and desorption effect in example 3;
reference numerals: 1. an adsorption and desorption device; 2. an air bag; 3. a gas conversion device; 4. a compression device; 5. and a gas storage device.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A high-efficiency air compression device based on gas adsorption and desorption effects comprises an adsorption and desorption device, an air bag, a gas conversion device, a compression device and a gas storage device.
The adsorption and desorption device is filled with a temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material, and the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material reversibly adsorbs gas working media.
The temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material is a material capable of realizing reversible adsorption and desorption of a gas working medium at different temperatures; optionally, gas-storing alloys, e.g. MmNi4.7Al0.3、MmNi4.7Fe0.3、La0.85Ce0.15Ni5And the like. The gas working medium can be selected from carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen and other gases.
The air bag is communicated with the adsorption and desorption device and is used for storing gas working media; and the airbag is installed inside the gas conversion device.
The gas conversion device compresses air through the change of the volume of the air bag.
The compression device is used for compressing air, and the heat energy generated by air compression is supplied to the adsorption and desorption device.
The gas storage device is respectively communicated with the gas conversion device and the compression device and is used for storing compressed air.
Utilize above-mentioned high-efficient air compression device to carry out air compression:
placing the adsorption and desorption device in a low-temperature environment or cooling the adsorption and desorption device by using a refrigerating device (cold mode), wherein a gas working medium in the air bag is adsorbed on a temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material, the volume of the air bag is reduced, and the atmosphere enters a gas conversion device to finish air suction;
compressing air by using a compression device, increasing the air pressure, and generating compressed air and compression heat;
collecting and transferring the compressed heat to an adsorption and desorption device (a thermal mode), heating the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material, desorbing the gas working medium into the air bag, increasing the volume of the air bag, and compressing the atmosphere in the gas conversion device to complete compression;
the compressed air generated in the compression device and the gas conversion device is transmitted to the gas storage device.
After the adsorption and desorption device is cooled, the next cold mode-hot mode cycle can be carried out.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, a high-efficiency air compression device based on gas adsorption and desorption effects comprises an adsorption and desorption device 1, an air bag 2, a gas conversion device 3, a compression device 4 and a gas storage device 5.
The adsorption and desorption device 1 is filled with a temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material, and the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material reversibly adsorbs gas working media.
The temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material is a material capable of realizing reversible adsorption and desorption of a gas working medium at different temperatures; optionally, gas-storing alloys, e.g. MmNi4.7Al0.3、MmNi4.7Fe0.3、La0.85Ce0.15Ni5And the like. The gas working medium can be selected from carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen and other gases.
The air bag 2 is communicated with the adsorption and desorption device 1 and is used for storing gas working media; and the airbag 2 is installed inside the gas conversion device 3.
The gas conversion device 3 is communicated with the gas storage device 5, and the gas conversion device 3 compresses air through the volume change of the air bag 2.
The compression device 4 is used for compressing air. The compression device 4 is connected with an exhaust pipeline; the exhaust pipeline penetrates through the inside of the adsorption and desorption device 1 and is connected with the gas storage device 5.
When in use, the compressed gas generated by the compression device 4 is conveyed to the gas storage device 5 through the exhaust pipeline; in the conveying process, the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material can be heated and the gas working medium can be desorbed because the exhaust pipeline passes through the adsorption and desorption device 1. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
In another preferred embodiment, a part of the exhaust pipeline outside the adsorption and desorption device 1 can be provided with a heat insulation layer or adopt a heat insulation material, so that the heat loss is reduced; the part of the exhaust pipeline inside the adsorption and desorption device 1 can be made of heat conducting material so as to transfer heat quickly. The part of the exhaust pipeline inside the adsorption and desorption device can be in a snake shape, a disc shape and the like.
In another preferred embodiment, the gas inlet and outlet of the compression device 4, the gas inlet of the gas conversion device 3, and the gas exhaust pipeline, and the gas storage device 5 are all provided with valves, so as to control the on-off flow and flow direction of the gas.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 2, the compression device 4 is externally provided with a jacket; heat transfer medium is introduced into the jacket; and the jacket is connected with a heat transfer pipeline which is used for supplying heat to the adsorption and desorption device 1. The heat transfer medium may be a gaseous medium or a liquid medium. The compression device is also connected with an exhaust pipeline. The rest of the structure is the same as that of example 1.
When the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption device is used, heat generated by the compression device 4 is transferred to the adsorption and desorption device through the heat transfer medium circulating in the heat transfer pipeline, and then the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material is heated and the gas working medium is desorbed. The exhaust line is used for conveying the compressed gas to the gas storage device 5. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Example 4
Air compression was performed using the high efficiency air compression unit of example 2:
the gas working medium is hydrogen; the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material is a hydrogen storage alloy material La0.85Ce0.15Ni5The adsorption temperature is 10 ℃, the desorption temperature is 110 ℃, the maximum adsorbed gas can reach 150L/kg under the standard condition, and the adsorption and desorption time is less than 60 seconds.
The compression device 4 normally operates to generate compressed air and compression heat, the exhaust pressure of the compressed air is 1.0MPa, and the compression heat is more than 110 ℃.
In a cold mode, the temperature of the adsorption and desorption device 1 is not more than 10 ℃, and La0.85Ce0.15Ni5Hydrogen storage alloy material La0.85Ce0.15Ni5Adsorbing gaseous working medium hydrogen, reducing the quality and pressure of the gaseous hydrogen, La0.85Ce0.15Ni5The pressure in the air bag is about 0.193MPa when the adsorption of the hydrogen is completed and the saturated state is reached; because the volume of the air bag 2 is reduced, the atmosphere enters the gas conversion device 3, and the gas working medium adsorption and the gas absorption of the gas conversion device can be finished within 60 seconds;
exhausting the compression device 4, and conveying the compressed gas generated by the compression device 4 to the gas storage device 5 through an exhaust pipeline; in the conveying process, the exhaust pipeline passes through the adsorption and desorption device 1, and in the hot mode, La is formed0.85Ce0.15Ni5When the gas is heated to desorb hydrogen, the mass of the gaseous hydrogen is increased, the pressure is increased, the volume of the air bag 2 is increased, the highest pressure can reach 2.85MPa, and the desorption of the gas working medium and the atmospheric compression in the gas conversion device 3 are completed within 60 seconds.
The quality of the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material and the gas working medium can be optimized according to the air displacement, the exhaust pressure and the exhaust temperature of the compression device 4, and the heat exchange structure between the adsorption and desorption device 1 and the compression device 4 is optimized, so that the time of the air suction process, the compression process and the intermediate cold and hot mode conversion is optimized.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. An efficient air compression device based on gas adsorption and desorption effects is characterized in that,
comprises an adsorption and desorption device, an air bag, a gas conversion device, a compression device and a gas storage device;
the adsorption and desorption device is filled with a temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material, and the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material is reversibly adsorbed with a gas working medium;
the air bag is communicated with the adsorption and desorption device and is used for storing the gas working medium; and the airbag is installed inside the gas conversion device;
the gas conversion device compresses air through the volume change of the air bag;
the compression device is used for compressing air, and the heat energy generated by air compression is supplied to the adsorption and desorption device;
the gas storage device is respectively communicated with the gas conversion device and the compression device and is used for storing compressed air.
2. The high-efficiency air compression device based on the gas adsorption and desorption effect as claimed in claim 1,
the compression device is connected with an exhaust pipeline; the exhaust pipeline penetrates through the inside of the adsorption and desorption device and is connected with the gas storage device.
3. The high-efficiency air compression device based on the gas adsorption and desorption effect as claimed in claim 1,
the compression device is provided with a jacket, and a heat transfer medium is introduced into the jacket; and the jacket is connected with a heat transfer pipeline which is used for supplying heat to the adsorption and desorption device.
4. The high-efficiency air compression device based on the gas adsorption and desorption effect as claimed in claim 1,
also comprises a refrigerating device, a water tank and a water tank,
the refrigerating device is used for cooling the adsorption and desorption device.
5. A high-efficiency air compression method based on gas adsorption and desorption effects is characterized in that the high-efficiency air compression device of any one of claims 1 to 4 is used for air compression, including compression, adsorption and desorption, gas conversion and gas storage;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
compression:
compressing air by using a compression device, increasing the air pressure, and generating compressed air and compression heat;
the adsorption and desorption comprises a hot mode and a cold mode:
1) a hot mode: providing a heat source for the adsorption and desorption device by utilizing the compression heat generated in the compression process, so that the gas working medium is desorbed from the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material;
2) and (3) cold mode: when the adsorption and desorption device is in a cooling state, the gas working medium is adsorbed to the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material;
the gas conversion comprises an inspiration process and a compression process:
A) and (3) a gas suction process: in a cold mode, the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material adsorbs gas working media, the size of the air bag is reduced, and the atmosphere enters the gas conversion device to complete air suction;
B) and (3) a compression process: in the thermal mode, the temperature-sensitive adsorption and desorption material is heated to desorb the gas working medium, the volume of the air bag is increased, and the atmosphere in the gas conversion device is compressed to complete the compression;
gas storage: the compressed air generated in the compression device and the gas conversion device is transmitted to the gas storage device.
6. The high efficiency air compression method based on gas adsorption and desorption effect as claimed in claim 5,
the cold source of the cold mode is provided by a low temperature environment or a refrigeration device.
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| JP2001304113A (en) * | 2000-04-21 | 2001-10-31 | Toshiba Plant Kensetsu Co Ltd | High pressure gas generating device |
| CN209294010U (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-08-23 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | A kind of compressed-air energy storage compressor system |
| CN111677621A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | Efficient pneumatic wave energy conversion device and pneumatic conversion method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001304113A (en) * | 2000-04-21 | 2001-10-31 | Toshiba Plant Kensetsu Co Ltd | High pressure gas generating device |
| CN209294010U (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-08-23 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | A kind of compressed-air energy storage compressor system |
| CN111677621A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | Efficient pneumatic wave energy conversion device and pneumatic conversion method thereof |
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