CN112210639A - Method for rapidly dephosphorizing by electric arc furnace - Google Patents
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- CN112210639A CN112210639A CN202011091955.4A CN202011091955A CN112210639A CN 112210639 A CN112210639 A CN 112210639A CN 202011091955 A CN202011091955 A CN 202011091955A CN 112210639 A CN112210639 A CN 112210639A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/527—Charging of the electric furnace
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly dephosphorizing by an electric arc furnace, which comprises the following steps: s100, pre-adding lime, namely adding lime into the bottom of the electric arc furnace in advance; s200, feeding once, namely adding raw materials into the electric arc furnace, wherein the raw materials are a mixture of scrap steel, steel scraps and pig iron; s300, primary melting, electrifying an electric arc furnace to melt the raw materials, and adding lime and fluorite in the melting process; s400, secondary feeding, namely adding the raw materials into the electric arc furnace again; s500, secondary melting, namely electrifying the electric arc furnace to melt the raw materials; s600, primary slag flowing; s700, feeding materials for three times, and adding lime and fluorite; s800, secondary slag flowing; and S900, releasing steel. Compared with the prior dephosphorization technology which achieves the same phosphorus content value, the improved electric arc furnace shortens the smelting time by about 20 percent, and the amount of the used lime and fluorite is relatively reduced by about 20 percent, thereby reducing the production cost and improving the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal smelting, and particularly relates to a method for rapidly dephosphorizing by an electric arc furnace.
Background
In the steel smelting process, many impurities exist, and the impurities have adverse effects on the properties of steel. Particularly, the existence of impurity phosphorus, which is a major hazard in steel, causes cold embrittlement, and the hot crack resistance of steel is lowered with the increase of phosphorus content, so that a dephosphorization operation is required when molten steel is smelted in an electric arc furnace. With the increasing requirement of large-scale casting and forging parts on phosphorus, the electric arc furnace which undertakes the dephosphorization task is continuously improved on the dephosphorization method. According to the prior dephosphorization method, the smelting time is longer, and the electric consumption per ton of steel and the electrode consumption per ton of steel are increased, thereby invisibly increasing the smelting cost and reducing the production efficiency.
Through retrieval, the Chinese invention patent is granted: an electric arc furnace steelmaking dephosphorization method (application No. 201610312880.5; application No. 2016.05.12) provides an electric arc furnace steelmaking efficient dephosphorization method, and belongs to the field of electric arc furnace steelmaking. The method utilizes the same spray gun to directly convey oxygen, protective gas and carrier gas-dephosphorization powder to the interior of an electric arc furnace molten pool, wherein the carrier gas-dephosphorization powder is dephosphorization powder carried by carrier gas, and the gas flow violently impacts and stirs a steelmaking molten pool, so that the dephosphorization powder is directly and fully contacted with molten steel, good thermodynamic and kinetic conditions are provided for molten pool dephosphorization reaction, dephosphorization efficiency in the electric arc furnace steelmaking process is improved, consumption of slagging materials such as a dephosphorization agent and the like is reduced, dephosphorization rate and end point molten steel quality in a smelting process are improved, and production cost is reduced. However, the method has the disadvantages of prolonging the smelting time of the electric arc furnace, increasing the cost and having a general dephosphorization effect.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing electric arc furnace has high dephosphorization cost and increases the working procedure time.
2. Technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a method for rapidly dephosphorizing by an electric arc furnace, which comprises the following steps:
s100, pre-adding lime, namely adding lime into the bottom of the electric arc furnace in advance;
s200, feeding once, namely adding raw materials into the electric arc furnace, wherein the raw materials are a mixture of scrap steel, steel scraps and pig iron;
s300, primary melting, electrifying an electric arc furnace to melt the raw materials, and adding lime and fluorite in the melting process;
s400, secondary feeding, namely adding the raw materials into the electric arc furnace again;
s500, secondary melting, namely electrifying the electric arc furnace to melt the raw materials;
s600, primary slag flowing, wherein when the raw materials are completely melted and the temperature reaches 1560-1620 ℃, the furnace body is inclined to enable the slag in the electric arc furnace to slowly flow out, the voltage is controlled to be 547-587V, and the current is controlled to be 30000A-40000A;
s700, feeding materials for three times, and adding lime and fluorite;
s800, secondary slag flowing, wherein when 80% -90% of molten slag flows out, slag flowing is stopped;
and S900, discharging steel, namely discharging steel without slag when the temperature is more than or equal to 1650 ℃, and reserving part of molten steel and residual slag in the furnace body.
Preferably, in the step S100, the amount of lime added is 2% to 3% of the weight of the raw material.
Preferably, in the step S200, the amount of the added raw materials is 50-70 tons, and the mass ratio of the scrap steel, the steel scrap and the pig iron is (9-11): 5-7): 3-5.
Preferably, in the step S300, the energizing voltage is 547V to 716V, the energizing current is 30000A to 40000A, when the raw material is melted by 50% to 60%, lime is added in an amount of 1% to 2% by weight of the raw material, and fluorite is added in an amount of 0.3% to 0.6% by weight of the raw material, and the mass ratio of the lime to the fluorite is 3 to 5: 1, opening the furnace wall oxygen lance, wherein the flow rate of the furnace wall oxygen lance is 8-15 Nm3/min, and stopping electrifying and supplying oxygen to the furnace wall oxygen lance when 70-80% of raw materials are molten.
Preferably, in the step S400, the amount of the raw material added is 20 to 60 tons.
Preferably, the melting in the step S500 is specifically to control the voltage of the electric arc furnace to be 547V-716V and the current to be 30000A-40000A, when 40% -50% of the raw material is melted, the furnace wall oxygen lance is opened and the flow rate of the furnace wall oxygen lance is controlled to be 8-15 Nm3/min, and when 60% -70% of the raw material is melted, the furnace wall oxygen lance is opened to supply oxygen.
Preferably, the lime and fluorite addition in the step S700 is specifically that when 70% -80% of the molten slag flows out in the step S600, the slag flowing operation and the oxygen supply operation of the furnace wall oxygen lance and the furnace door oxygen lance are stopped, the weight of the supplemented lime is 0.5% -1.5% of the weight of the raw materials, and the weight of the supplemented fluorite is 0.0% -0.4% of the weight of the raw materials, wherein the mass ratio of the lime to the fluorite is 3-5: 1.
preferably, the secondary slag flowing in the step S800 is specifically realized by opening a furnace wall oxygen lance and a furnace door oxygen lance to supply oxygen, and controlling the flow rate to be 6-10 Nm3And/min, spraying carbon powder into the furnace, tilting the furnace body to enable molten slag in the electric arc furnace to flow out quickly when the temperature of molten steel reaches 1610-1640 ℃, controlling the voltage of the electric arc furnace to be 547-587V, controlling the current of the electric arc furnace to be 10000-30000A, stopping slag flowing and oxygen supply when 80-90% of molten slag flows out, and spraying the carbon powder into the furnace singly.
Preferably, in the step S800, the amount of the carbon powder is 200 to 700 kg.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a method for rapidly dephosphorizing by an electric arc furnace, which comprises the following steps: s100, pre-adding lime, namely adding lime into the bottom of the electric arc furnace in advance; s200, feeding once, namely adding raw materials into the electric arc furnace, wherein the raw materials are a mixture of scrap steel, steel scraps and pig iron; s300, primary melting, electrifying an electric arc furnace to melt the raw materials, and adding lime and fluorite in the melting process; s400, secondary feeding, namely adding the raw materials into the electric arc furnace again; s500, secondary melting, namely electrifying the electric arc furnace to melt the raw materials; s600, primary slag flowing, wherein when the raw materials are completely melted and the temperature reaches 1560-1620 ℃, the furnace body is inclined to enable the slag in the electric arc furnace to slowly flow out, the voltage is controlled to be 547-587V, and the current is controlled to be 30000A-40000A; s700, feeding materials for three times, and adding lime and fluorite; s800, secondary slag flowing, wherein when 80% -90% of molten slag flows out, slag flowing is stopped; and S900, discharging steel, namely discharging steel without slag when the temperature is more than or equal to 1650 ℃, and reserving part of molten steel and residual slag in the furnace body. Compared with the prior dephosphorization technology which achieves the same phosphorus content value (P is less than or equal to 0.005 percent), the smelting time of the improved electric arc furnace is shortened by about 20 percent, the amount of the used lime and fluorite is relatively reduced by about 20 percent, the production cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a method for rapidly dephosphorizing in an electric arc furnace according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which several embodiments of the invention are shown, but which may be embodied in many different forms and are not limited to the embodiments described herein, but rather are provided for the purpose of providing a more thorough disclosure of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs; the terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention; as used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the method for rapidly dephosphorizing in an electric arc furnace of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s100, pre-adding lime, adding 2 tons of lime into the electric arc furnace bottom in advance, laying the lime in advance to prepare for subsequent rapid dephosphorization, and when the temperature rises to a certain degree, turning up the lime at the furnace bottom to fully stir with molten steel, so that the contact area of the lime and the molten steel is increased, and dephosphorization is facilitated;
s200, feeding once, namely adding 65 tons of raw materials into the electric arc furnace, wherein the raw materials are a mixture of scrap steel, steel scrap and pig iron;
s300, melting once, electrifying the electric arc furnace to melt the raw materials, adding lime and fluorite in the melting process, wherein the step of adding lime and fluorite is to fully utilize the low-temperature environment in the melting process to ensure that partial molten liquid starts to dephosphorize and reduce the dephosphorizing time. Since dephosphorization is an exothermic reaction process, low temperature is favorable for dephosphorization; secondly, the generated P2O5 is combined with CaO to form stable CaO.P 2O5 which is remained in the slag by utilizing the large slag amount and high alkalinity required by dephosphorization, so that the dephosphorization capability is improved, and the fluorite is added to maintain the fluidity of the slag and facilitate the dephosphorization; the step also provides oxygen supply operation of the oxygen lance on the furnace wall, firstly, the oxygen lance helps to flux and reduce the melting time of raw materials, and secondly, the oxygen lance provides a high oxidizing environment required by dephosphorization for a molten pool;
s400, secondary feeding, namely adding 35 tons of raw materials into the electric arc furnace again;
s500, secondary melting, wherein the electric arc furnace is electrified to melt the raw materials, and the furnace wall and the furnace door oxygen lance are used for oxygen supply operation in the step, and the action is the same as that in the step S300;
s600, primary slag flowing, wherein when the raw materials are completely melted and the temperature reaches 1560-1620 ℃, the furnace body is inclined to enable the slag in the electric arc furnace to slowly flow out, the voltage is controlled to be 547-587V, the current is controlled to be 30000A-40000A, sampling analysis shows that P is 0.015 percent, the voltage and the current are controlled to control the temperature to be 1560-1620 ℃, the slow flow is firstly to enable the dephosphorization reaction in a molten pool to be sufficient, and secondly, according to a balance constant, when the product CaO. P2O5 is reduced, the whole reaction is beneficial to proceeding towards the product, namely, the dephosphorization is facilitated; the step also provides oxygen supply operation of the oxygen lance on the furnace wall, firstly, the oxygen lance helps to flux and reduce the melting time of raw materials, and secondly, the oxygen lance provides a high oxidizing environment required by dephosphorization for a molten pool;
s700, feeding materials for three times, and adding lime and fluorite, wherein the aim of the step is to continuously dephosphorize, and the phosphorus content does not meet the process requirement;
s800, secondary slag flowing is stopped when 80-90% of molten slag flows out, slag flowing operation is carried out firstly to discharge a dephosphorized product CaO. P2O5 to the outside of the furnace to promote dephosphorization, the step can basically remove the residual phosphorus content, and the residual 10-20% of slag is not discharged for heat preservation and temperature rise; the step also provides oxygen supply operation for the furnace wall and the furnace door oxygen lance, which aims to provide a high oxidizing environment for dephosphorization for the molten pool and is beneficial to dephosphorization; the purpose of carbon powder spraying is to form foam slag by carbon-oxygen reaction, increase the contact area of dephosphorization reaction to facilitate dephosphorization and reduce the damage of arc light to the furnace wall, the foam slag can absorb more arc light, the utilization rate of power consumption is improved, and the temperature rise is facilitated;
and S900, discharging steel, namely discharging steel without slag when the temperature is more than or equal to 1650 ℃, reserving part of molten steel and residual molten slag in a furnace body, reserving part of molten steel and slag to fully utilize a heat source, and preparing the next furnace, so that the smelting time is saved and the cost is reduced.
Specifically, in the step S100, the amount of lime added is 2% to 3% of the weight of the raw material, when the amount of lime added is less than 2% of the weight of the raw material, a good dephosphorization effect is difficult to achieve, and when the amount of lime added is greater than 3% of the weight of the raw material, although the dephosphorization effect can be ensured, the cost is too high and the normal reaction process is affected by excessive lime.
Specifically, in the step S300, the electrifying voltage is 547V to 716V, the electrifying current is 30000A to 40000A, when the raw materials are melted by 50 percent to 60 percent, 1500kg of lime and 500kg of fluorite are started, and the flow rate of the furnace wall oxygen lance is 8 Nm to 15Nm3And/min, stopping electrifying and supplying oxygen to the oxygen lance on the furnace wall when the raw materials are molten by 70-80 percent. The furnace wall oxygen lance is an oxygen lance, has a large flow rate, is arranged on the inner wall of a furnace body, is fixed and is in a slope shape, so long as molten liquid is formed in the furnace body, the oxygen lance can be opened to supply oxygen for fluxing, the furnace door oxygen lance is a small oxygen lance, the oxygen lance can linearly extend and retract outside the furnace body, the furnace door oxygen lance is designed for fluxing of raw materials at a furnace door opening, and the fluxing effect can be achieved when the molten liquid is large after the furnace door oxygen lance is opened. If the furnace wall oxygen lance is opened together with the furnace wall oxygen lance, the furnace door with a large range of unmelted furnace burden is blocked, and the fluxing effect cannot be achieved or is very low.
Specifically, the melting in the step S500 is to control the voltage of the electric arc furnace to be 547V-716V and the current to be 30000A-40000A, and when 40% -50% of the raw material is melted, to open the oxygen lance on the furnace wall and control the flow of the oxygen lance on the furnace wall to be 8-15 Nm3And/min, when the raw material is melted by 60-70%, opening an oxygen lance of the furnace door to supply oxygen.
Specifically, the lime and fluorite addition in the step S700 is to stop slag flowing operation and oxygen supply operation of a furnace wall oxygen lance and a furnace door oxygen lance when 70-80% of the slag flows out in the step S600, and to supplement 1000kg of lime and 300kg of fluorite. A small amount of slag is left in the furnace body, firstly, because the inclined furnace body is controlled by using a remote rod, the slag in the furnace body cannot flow cleanly; secondly, in order to reduce the erosion of arc light (thermal radiation) to the furnace wall, a part of slag is in the furnace body, and when the furnace body is electrified, a part of arc light can be absorbed by the rest slag; thirdly, the added lime can achieve the dephosphorization effect only after being melted, time is needed from the addition to the melting, a small part of slag is remained to be beneficial to heating, and the newly added lime can be quickly melted into scum, so that the dephosphorization is realized.
Specifically, the secondary slag flowing in the step S800 is realized by opening a furnace wall oxygen lance and a furnace door oxygen lance to supply oxygen, and controlling the flow rate to be 6-10 Nm3And/min, spraying carbon powder into the furnace, tilting the furnace body to enable molten slag in the electric arc furnace to flow out quickly when the temperature of molten steel reaches 1610-1640 ℃, controlling the voltage of the electric arc furnace to be 547-587V, controlling the current of the electric arc furnace to be 10000-30000A, stopping slag flowing and oxygen supply when 80-90% of molten slag flows out, and singly spraying carbon powder into the furnace, wherein the sampling analysis P is 0.002%.
Specifically, in step S800, the amount of the carbon powder injected is 400 kg.
And adding lime and fluorite. When the slag flows out 70-80%, stopping slag flowing operation and furnace wall furnace door oxygen lance oxygen supply operation, and supplementing 1000kg of lime and 300kg of fluorite.
Compared with the prior dephosphorization technology which achieves the same phosphorus content value (P is less than or equal to 0.005 percent), the smelting time of the improved electric arc furnace is shortened by about 20 percent, the amount of the used lime and fluorite is relatively reduced by about 20 percent, the production cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express a certain implementation mode of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention; it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which are within the protection scope of the present invention; therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The method for rapidly dephosphorizing by the electric arc furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, pre-adding lime, namely adding lime into the bottom of the electric arc furnace in advance;
s200, feeding once, namely adding raw materials into the electric arc furnace, wherein the raw materials are a mixture of scrap steel, steel scraps and pig iron;
s300, primary melting, electrifying an electric arc furnace to melt the raw materials, and adding lime and fluorite in the melting process;
s400, secondary feeding, namely adding the raw materials into the electric arc furnace again;
s500, secondary melting, namely electrifying the electric arc furnace to melt the raw materials;
s600, primary slag flowing, wherein when the raw materials are completely melted and the temperature reaches 1560-1620 ℃, the furnace body is inclined to enable the slag in the electric arc furnace to slowly flow out, the voltage is controlled to be 547-587V, and the current is controlled to be 30000A-40000A;
s700, feeding materials for three times, and adding lime and fluorite;
s800, secondary slag flowing, wherein when 80% -90% of molten slag flows out, slag flowing is stopped;
and S900, discharging steel, namely discharging steel without slag when the temperature is more than or equal to 1650 ℃, and reserving part of molten steel and residual slag in the furnace body.
2. Method for rapid dephosphorization of an electric arc furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S100, the adding amount of lime is 2-3% of the weight of the raw materials.
3. Method for rapid dephosphorization of an electric arc furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S200, the amount of the added raw materials is 50-70 tons, and the mass ratio of the scrap steel, the steel scrap and the pig iron is (9-11): (5-7): (3-5).
4. Method for rapid dephosphorization of an electric arc furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S300, the electrifying voltage is 547V to 716V, the electrifying current is 30000A to 40000A, when the raw materials are melted by 50 percent to 60 percent, 1 percent to 2 percent of lime and 0.3 percent to 0.6 percent of fluorite are added, and the mass ratio of the lime to the fluorite is 3 to 5: 1, opening the furnace wall oxygen lance, wherein the flow rate of the furnace wall oxygen lance is 8-15 Nm3And/min, stopping electrifying and supplying oxygen to the oxygen lance on the furnace wall when the raw materials are molten by 70-80 percent.
5. Method for rapid dephosphorization of an electric arc furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S400, the amount of the raw material added is 20 to 60 tons.
6. Method for rapid dephosphorization of an electric arc furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the melting in the step S500 is specifically to control the voltage of the electric arc furnace to be 547V-716V and the current to be 30000A-40000A, and when 40% -50% of raw materials are melted, the furnace wall oxygen lance is opened and the flow of the furnace wall oxygen lance is controlled to be 8-15 Nm3And/min, when the raw material is melted by 60-70%, opening an oxygen lance of the furnace door to supply oxygen.
7. Method for rapid dephosphorization of an electric arc furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S700 of adding lime and fluorite is specifically that when 70-80% of the molten slag flows out in the step S600, the slag flowing operation and the oxygen supply operation of the furnace wall oxygen lance and the furnace door oxygen lance are stopped, the weight of the supplemented lime is 0.5-1.5% of the weight of the raw materials, the weight of the supplemented fluorite is 0.0-0.4% of the weight of the raw materials, and the mass ratio of the lime to the fluorite is 3-5: 1.
8. method for rapid dephosphorization of an electric arc furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: the secondary slag flowing in the step S800 is specifically to open a furnace wall oxygen lance and a furnace door oxygen lance to supply oxygen, and the flow is controlled to be 6-10 Nm3And/min, spraying carbon powder into the furnace, tilting the furnace body to enable molten slag in the electric arc furnace to flow out quickly when the temperature of molten steel reaches 1610-1640 ℃, controlling the voltage of the electric arc furnace to be 547-587V, controlling the current of the electric arc furnace to be 10000-30000A, stopping slag flowing and oxygen supply when 80-90% of molten slag flows out, and spraying the carbon powder into the furnace singly.
9. Method for rapid dephosphorization of an electric arc furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S800, the amount of the carbon powder is 200kg to 700 kg.
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| CN113718083A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-11-30 | 北京科技大学 | Efficient dephosphorization control method and application of electric arc furnace |
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| CN102251072A (en) * | 2010-08-23 | 2011-11-23 | 攀钢集团钢铁钒钛股份有限公司 | Dephosphorizing process of electric furnace steel making |
| CN102634634A (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2012-08-15 | 攀钢集团成都钢钒有限公司 | Method for producing high-alloy low-phosphorous steel used for boiler tube by adopting electric-arc furnace |
| CN108411063A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-08-17 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of method of electric furnace smelting Low-phosphorus Steel under the conditions of low molten iron proportion |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113718083A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-11-30 | 北京科技大学 | Efficient dephosphorization control method and application of electric arc furnace |
| CN113718083B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2022-04-05 | 北京科技大学 | Efficient dephosphorization control method and application of electric arc furnace |
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