CN112210630A - Nitrogen-free combustion process for blast furnace and heating furnace and use method thereof - Google Patents
Nitrogen-free combustion process for blast furnace and heating furnace and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112210630A CN112210630A CN201910627388.0A CN201910627388A CN112210630A CN 112210630 A CN112210630 A CN 112210630A CN 201910627388 A CN201910627388 A CN 201910627388A CN 112210630 A CN112210630 A CN 112210630A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/06—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace using top gas in the blast furnace process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
- C21B5/003—Injection of pulverulent coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/006—Automatically controlling the process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
- C21B2005/005—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/122—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by capturing or storing CO2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention relates to a nitrogen-free combustion process of a blast furnace and a heating furnace and a using method thereof, comprising the blast furnace, a dust removal and purification device, a compressor and CO2Removal unit, CO2Storage tank, regenerative heating furnace, gas regenerator, combustion-supporting air regenerator, gas side reversing valve, combustion-supporting air side reversing valve, gas side induced draft fan, combustion-supporting air side induced draft fan, oxygen-smoke mixer, blower, first combustion-supporting air side smoke exhaust butterfly valve, second combustion-supporting air side smoke exhaust butterfly valve, first gas side smoke exhaust butterfly valve, second gas side smoke exhaust butterfly valve, gas side chimney, combustion-supporting air side chimney, CO2The device comprises a recovery and purification device, a coal powder nozzle, a first oxygen nozzle, a second oxygen nozzle, a first blast furnace gas nozzle, a second blast furnace gas nozzle, an oxygen mixing gun, a charging opening and a blast furnace gas outlet. The method has the advantages of reasonable process design, convenient operation and use, low maintenance cost, high automation intelligent degree and the like, and can effectively solve the problems of blast furnaces and heating furnacesHigh energy consumption and CO in the operation process2And NOx emissions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of steel smelting, in particular to a nitrogen-free combustion process of a blast furnace and a heating furnace and a using method thereof.
Background
Ferrous metallurgy is a carbon-based pyrometallurgical process, and as a result, the steel industry produces large quantities of the greenhouse gas CO annually2And various atmospheric pollutants. The blast furnace smelting produces a great deal of low-heat value blast furnace gas, and the heat accumulating type combustion technology taking the blast furnace gas as the main fuel is rapidly popularized to steel billet heating furnaces in China because of the obvious advantages of energy conservation and consumption reduction and the environmental protection advantage of reducing pollutant emission.
The heat accumulating type combustion technology is characterized in that the heat accumulators arranged in pairs are used for absorbing waste heat in flue gas and transferring the waste heat to combustion air or low-heat-value coal gas, the combustion air or the low-heat-value coal gas can be preheated to be more than 1000 ℃, the combustion temperature of a hearth is maintained to be 1200-1300 ℃, and the exhaust gas temperature is reduced to be less than 150 ℃ by the heat accumulating chamber. At present, the NOx emission concentration of a regenerative steel rolling heating furnace is 150mg/m3And on the left and right, NOx is further removed, and ultralow nitrogen emission of the regenerative heating furnace is realized, so that an effective method is not available. The flue gas backflow technology can reduce the combustion temperature of a hearth and influence the heating effect of steel billets; in the SCR flue gas denitration technology, the catalyst activity temperature range is 280-420 ℃, if a proper temperature interval is found in a heat storage chamber for placing a catalyst, ammonia water is sprayed for denitration, and residual ammonia water after reversing can be brought into a hearth by preheated gas to regenerate NOx. There is therefore a need for a process for the root control of NOx.
The invention provides a new process route mainly aiming at the problems of carbon emission reduction, effective control of NOx and the like of a blast furnace and a regenerative heating furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nitrogen-free combustion process for a blast furnace and a heating furnace, which is characterized in that oxygen is introduced into the blast furnace and blast furnace gas is circulated (CO is removed)2) The method is characterized in that hot air is replaced, a nitrogen-free iron making environment of the blast furnace is created, the generated blast furnace gas does not contain nitrogen, the blast furnace gas is sent into a heat accumulating type heating furnace, the flue gas discharged by the heating furnace is reduced through flue gas circulation oxygen-rich nitrogen-free combustion, and no NOx is generated, so that the low-carbon nitrogen-free discharge of the combined operation of the blast furnace and the heating furnace is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a nitrogen-free combustion process for a blast furnace and a heating furnace comprises the following steps: blast furnace, dust-removing purifier, compressor and CO2Removal unit, CO2Storage tank, regenerative heating furnace, gas regenerator, combustion-supporting air regenerator, gas side reversing valve, combustion-supporting air side reversing valve, gas side induced draft fan, combustion-supporting air side induced draft fan, oxygen-smoke mixer, blower, first combustion-supporting air side smoke exhaust butterfly valve and second combustion-supporting airSide smoke exhaust butterfly valve, first gas side smoke exhaust butterfly valve, second gas side smoke exhaust butterfly valve, gas side chimney, combustion-supporting air side chimney and CO2The device comprises a recovery and purification device, a coal powder nozzle, a first oxygen nozzle, a second oxygen nozzle, a first blast furnace gas nozzle, a second blast furnace gas nozzle, an oxygen mixing gun, a charging opening and a blast furnace gas outlet.
Preferably, a coal powder nozzle, a first oxygen nozzle and a first blast furnace gas nozzle are arranged on a hearth of the blast furnace; the furnace body is provided with a second oxygen nozzle and a second blast furnace gas nozzle.
Preferably, the blast furnace gas discharged from the blast furnace gas outlet does not contain nitrogen gas, the CO concentration can be controlled to be 30-50%, and a part of the blast furnace gas after dust removal and purification passes through CO2A removing device for removing CO2And then the mixture is circulated into the blast furnace through the first blast furnace gas nozzle and the second blast furnace gas nozzle. The other part of the blast furnace gas is sent into a gas regenerator of a regenerative heating furnace, the preheated blast furnace gas and oxygen-smoke mixed gas preheated by a combustion-supporting air regenerator are combusted in a hearth to heat a steel billet, after complete combustion, the smoke passes through the regenerator at the opposite side and is discharged out of the heating furnace to heat a heat accumulator in the regenerator, then a reversing valve is reversed, the blast furnace gas and the combustion-supporting air enter the regenerator at the opposite side to be preheated and then enter the hearth to be combusted, the smoke is discharged out of the regenerator at the side, and the regenerative heating furnace completes a reversing period. The flue gas discharged from the regenerator at the combustion-supporting air side of the heating furnace completely enters an oxygen-smoke mixer to be mixed with oxygen, and the flue gas discharged from the regenerator at the gas side and CO removed from blast furnace gas2Feeding the gas into CO2And the recovery and purification device carries out purification and liquefaction.
Preferably, an oxygen mixing gun is arranged on the oxygen-smoke mixer, the oxygen mixing gun extends into the oxygen-smoke mixer from the side surface, the bending direction is consistent with the flow direction of the smoke, and the oxygen is sprayed at high speed and is fully mixed with the surrounding smoke.
Preferably, a second combustion-supporting air side smoke exhaust butterfly valve and a combustion-supporting air side chimney are further arranged behind the combustion-supporting air side induced draft fan and serve as an emergency smoke exhaust channel.
Preferably, a second gas side smoke exhaust butterfly valve and a gas side chimney are arranged behind the gas side induced draft fan and are used as an emergency smoke exhaust channel.
Preferably, the CO is2CO is arranged behind the removing device2Storage tank, CO removal2Can be used for conveying pulverized coal or introducing CO2And the recovery and purification device is used for purifying and liquefying and then selling as a product.
Preferably, the heating furnace nitrogen-free combustion process further comprises an automatic control component: the automatic control assembly comprises an oxygen concentration analyzer arranged on a rear pipeline of the oxygen-smoke mixer, and the oxygen concentration is controlled to be 21% -30%; the flow regulating valve is arranged on the oxygen pipeline, the flow regulating valve is arranged on the blast furnace gas pipeline, and the oxygen analyzer is arranged on the smoke exhaust pipeline. And the flow rate of the oxygen and the flow rate of the blast furnace gas are automatically adjusted in proportion, the flow rate of the oxygen and the flow rate of the blast furnace gas are set to be 0.2-0.25, and the amount of the circulating flue gas is automatically adjusted according to the oxygen concentration fed back by an oxygen analyzer on a rear pipeline of the oxygen-flue gas mixer. The oxygen concentration on the smoke exhaust pipeline is controlled to be 3% -5%.
The use method of the non-nitrogen combustion process of the blast furnace and the heating furnace of the invention comprises the following steps:
charging materials (ore, coke and limestone) are added from a charging opening at the top of the blast furnace, a pulverized coal nozzle arranged on a furnace hearth sprays pulverized coal, a first oxygen nozzle sprays pure oxygen, and a first blast furnace gas nozzle sprays blast furnace gas (removing CO)2) (ii) a The pure oxygen and the coal powder are not completely combusted in the hearth to generate CO and accompany with a large amount of heat release, and the blast furnace gas (removing CO)2) The spraying can reduce the temperature of the pure oxygen combustion of the coal powder in the hearth, and the coal powder, the pure oxygen and the blast furnace gas (removing CO)2) The coal gas formed by reaction in the hearth enters the furnace body upwards.
The second oxygen nozzle arranged on the furnace body sprays pure oxygen into the blast furnace, and the second blast furnace gas nozzle sprays blast furnace gas (removing CO)2). Combustion of pure oxygen with part of blast furnace gas to CO2Meanwhile, heat is provided for the reduction of the iron ore, and unburned blast furnace gas provides reducing gas for the reaction. The coal gas formed in the furnace cylinder and the injected unburnt blast furnace coal gas and the iron ore are subjected to reduction reaction in the furnace body. The coal gas after the iron ore is reduced is continuously discharged upwards from a blast furnace gas outlet at the top.
The blast furnace gas is divided into two paths after being treated by the dust removal and purification device 2, and one path of the blast furnace gas passes through the compressor and the CO2A removing device for removing CO2Then the gas is sent into a gas inlet of a blast furnace hearth and a furnace body; and the other path of blast furnace gas enters a gas regenerator through a gas side reversing valve and is preheated to 800-1000 ℃, and then is mixed with oxygen and smoke mixed gas preheated by a combustion-supporting air side regenerator in a heating furnace for combustion. The temperature of the generated flue gas is reduced to 120-180 ℃ after the heat is accumulated in the coal gas side heat accumulation chamber and the combustion-supporting air side heat accumulation chamber on the opposite sides, and the flue gas discharged from the coal gas side heat accumulation chamber enters CO through a coal gas side reversing valve, a coal gas side induced draft fan and a coal gas side first smoke discharge butterfly valve2A recovery device; flue gas discharged from the combustion-supporting air regenerator 8' enters an oxygen-smoke mixer after passing through a combustion-supporting air side reversing valve, a combustion-supporting air side induced draft fan and a first combustion-supporting air side smoke discharge butterfly valve, oxygen is fully mixed with the combustion-supporting air side flue gas and then enters the combustion-supporting air regenerator through an air blower and the combustion-supporting air side reversing valve to be preheated to 800-1000 ℃, and the oxygen and blast furnace gas preheated by the gas regenerator are mixed and combusted in a heating furnace.
After the blast furnace gas and oxygen-smoke mixer is burnt in the heating furnace, the gas side reversing valve and the combustion-supporting air side reversing valve are rotationally reversed, the blast furnace gas enters the gas heat accumulation chamber 7' through the gas side reversing valve and is preheated to 800-1000 ℃, and then the blast furnace gas and the oxygen-smoke mixed gas preheated by the combustion-supporting air side heat accumulation chamber are burnt in the heating furnace. The temperature of the generated flue gas is reduced to 120-180 ℃ after the heat is accumulated in the coal gas side heat accumulation chamber and the combustion-supporting air side heat accumulation chamber on the opposite sides, and the flue gas discharged from the coal gas side heat accumulation chamber 7 enters CO through a coal gas side reversing valve, a coal gas side induced draft fan and a coal gas side first smoke discharge butterfly valve2A recovery and purification device; flue gas discharged by the combustion-supporting air regenerator 8 enters an oxygen-smoke mixer after passing through a combustion-supporting air side reversing valve, a combustion-supporting air side induced draft fan and a first combustion-supporting air side smoke discharge butterfly valve, oxygen is fully mixed with the combustion-supporting air side flue gas and then enters the combustion-supporting air regenerator through an air blower and the combustion-supporting air side reversing valve to be preheated to 800-1000 ℃, and the oxygen and blast furnace gas preheated by the gas regenerator are mixed and combusted in a heating furnace. The combustion system of the heating furnace completes a combustion reversing period and continues to perform the next combustion reversing period.
According to the heating furnace pairThe demand of blast furnace gas, the control of coal powder, pure oxygen and the circulation of blast furnace gas (CO removal)2) The amount of the blast furnace gas entering the blast furnace is controlled, so that the balance of the blast furnace gas needed by the blast furnace and the heating furnace is controlled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a nitrogen-free combustion process of a blast furnace and a heating furnace according to the present invention.
The meaning of the various reference symbols in FIG. 1 above is as follows:
1-blast furnace, 2-dust removal purification device, 3-compressor, 4-CO2Removal unit, 5-CO2Storage tank, 6-regenerative heating furnace, 7-gas regenerator, 8-combustion air regenerator, 9-gas side reversing valve, 10-combustion air side reversing valve, 11-gas side induced draft fan, 12-combustion air side induced draft fan, 13-oxygen smoke mixer, 14-air blower, 15-first combustion air side smoke exhaust butterfly valve, 16-second combustion air side smoke exhaust butterfly valve, 17-first gas side smoke exhaust butterfly valve, 18-second gas side smoke exhaust butterfly valve, 19-gas side chimney, 20-combustion air side chimney, 21-CO2The device comprises a recovery and purification device, 22-coal powder nozzles, 23-first oxygen nozzles, 24-second oxygen nozzles, 25-first blast furnace gas nozzles, 26-second blast furnace gas nozzles, 27-oxygen mixing guns, 28-charging openings and 29-blast furnace gas outlets.
Detailed Description
The nitrogen-free combustion process and the method of use of the blast furnace and the heating furnace according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 1.
A nitrogen-free combustion process for a blast furnace and a heating furnace comprises the following steps: a blast furnace 1, a dust removal purification device 2, a compressor 3, CO2The system comprises a removing device 4, a CO2 storage tank 5, a regenerative heating furnace 6, a coal gas regenerator 7, a combustion-supporting air regenerator 8, a coal gas side reversing valve 9, a combustion-supporting air side reversing valve 10, a coal gas side induced draft fan 11, a combustion-supporting air side induced draft fan 12, an oxygen-smoke mixer 13, a blower 14, a first combustion-supporting air side smoke exhaust butterfly valve 15, a second combustion-supporting air side smoke exhaust butterfly valve 16, a first coal gas side smoke exhaust butterfly valve 17, a second coal gas side smoke exhaust butterfly valve 18, a coal gas side chimney 19, a combustion-supporting air side chimney 20, a CO heat-supporting air2A recovery and purification device 21, a pulverized coal nozzle 22, a first oxygen nozzle 23, a second oxygen nozzle 24, a first blast furnace gas nozzle 25 and a second blast furnace gas nozzleA blast furnace gas spout 26, an oxygen mixing lance 27, a charging opening 28 and a blast furnace gas outlet 29.
A coal powder nozzle 22, a first oxygen nozzle 23 and a first blast furnace gas nozzle 25 are arranged on a hearth of the blast furnace 1; the shaft is provided with a second oxygen nozzle 24 and a second blast furnace gas nozzle 26.
The blast furnace gas discharged from the blast furnace gas outlet 29 almost does not contain nitrogen, the CO concentration can be controlled to be 30-50%, and part of the blast furnace gas after dust removal and purification passes through CO2A removing device for removing CO2And then the mixture is circulated into the blast furnace 1 through the first blast furnace gas nozzle 25 and the second blast furnace gas nozzle 26. And the other part of the blast furnace gas is sent into a gas regenerator of the heat accumulating type heating furnace 6, the preheated blast furnace gas and oxygen-smoke mixed gas preheated by a combustion-supporting air regenerator are combusted in a hearth to heat a steel billet, after complete combustion, the smoke passes through the opposite regenerator and is discharged out of the heating furnace to heat a heat accumulator in the regenerator, then a reversing valve is reversed, the blast furnace gas and the combustion-supporting air enter the opposite regenerator to be preheated and then enter the hearth to be combusted, the smoke is discharged out of the regenerator on the side, and the heat accumulating type heating furnace 6 finishes a reversing period. The flue gas discharged from the regenerator at the combustion-supporting air side of the heating furnace completely enters an oxygen-smoke mixer 13 to be mixed with oxygen, and the flue gas discharged from the regenerator at the gas side and CO removed from blast furnace gas2Feeding the gas into CO2The recovery and purification device 21 performs purification and liquefaction.
An oxygen mixing gun 27 is arranged on the oxygen-smoke mixer, the oxygen mixing gun 27 extends into the oxygen-smoke mixer 13 from the side surface, the bending direction is consistent with the flow direction of the smoke, and the oxygen is sprayed at high speed and is fully mixed with the surrounding smoke.
And a second combustion-supporting air side smoke exhaust butterfly valve 16 and a combustion-supporting air side chimney 20 are also arranged behind the combustion-supporting air side induced draft fan 12 and are used as an emergency smoke exhaust channel.
And a second gas side smoke exhaust butterfly valve 18 and a gas side chimney 19 are arranged behind the gas side induced draft fan 11 and are used as smoke emergency discharge channels.
The CO is2CO is arranged behind the removing device 42Storage tank 5, CO removal2Can be used for conveying pulverized coal or introducing CO2The recovery and purification device 21 carries out purification and liquefactionAnd then sold as a product.
The heating furnace nitrogen-free combustion process further comprises an automatic control assembly: the automatic control assembly comprises an oxygen concentration analyzer arranged on a rear pipeline of the oxygen-smoke mixer, and the oxygen concentration is controlled to be 21% -30%; the flow regulating valve is arranged on the oxygen pipeline, the flow regulating valve is arranged on the blast furnace gas pipeline, and the oxygen analyzer is arranged on the smoke exhaust pipeline. And the flow rate of the oxygen and the flow rate of the blast furnace gas are automatically adjusted in proportion, the flow rate of the oxygen and the flow rate of the blast furnace gas are set to be 0.2-0.25, and the amount of the circulating flue gas is automatically adjusted according to the oxygen concentration fed back by an oxygen analyzer on a rear pipeline of the oxygen-flue gas mixer. The oxygen concentration on the smoke exhaust pipeline is controlled to be 3% -5%.
The use method of the non-nitrogen combustion process of the blast furnace and the heating furnace of the invention comprises the following steps:
charging materials (ore, coke and limestone) are added from a charging opening 28 at the top of the blast furnace 1, the pulverized coal nozzle 22 arranged on the furnace hearth sprays pulverized coal, the first oxygen nozzle 23 sprays pure oxygen, and the first blast furnace gas nozzle 25 sprays blast furnace gas (removing CO)2) (ii) a The pure oxygen and the coal powder are not completely combusted in the hearth to generate CO and accompany with a large amount of heat release, and the blast furnace gas (removing CO)2) The spraying can reduce the temperature of the pure oxygen combustion of the coal powder in the hearth, and the coal powder, the pure oxygen and the blast furnace gas (removing CO)2) The coal gas formed by reaction in the hearth enters the furnace body upwards.
A second oxygen nozzle 24 arranged on the furnace body sprays pure oxygen into the blast furnace, and a second blast furnace gas nozzle 26 sprays blast furnace gas (removing CO)2). Combustion of pure oxygen with part of blast furnace gas to CO2Meanwhile, heat is provided for the reduction of the iron ore, and unburned blast furnace gas provides reducing gas for the reaction. The coal gas formed in the furnace cylinder and the injected unburnt blast furnace coal gas and the iron ore are subjected to reduction reaction in the furnace body. The coal gas after reducing the iron ore is continuously discharged upwards from a blast furnace gas outlet 29 at the top.
The blast furnace gas is divided into two paths after being treated by the dust removal and purification device 2, and one path of the blast furnace gas passes through the compressor 3 and CO2A removing device 4 for removing CO2Then the gas is sent into a gas inlet of a blast furnace hearth and a furnace body; another way of blast furnace gas channelAnd the gas passing side reversing valve 9 enters the gas regenerator 7 and is preheated to 800-1000 ℃, and then the gas is mixed with the oxygen and smoke mixed gas preheated by the combustion-supporting air side regenerator 8 in the heating furnace for combustion. The temperature of the generated flue gas is reduced to 120-180 ℃ after the heat is accumulated in the coal gas side heat accumulation chamber 7 ' and the combustion-supporting air side heat accumulation chamber 8 ' on the opposite side, the flue gas discharged from the coal gas side heat accumulation chamber 7 ' enters CO through the coal gas side reversing valve 9, the coal gas side induced draft fan 11 and the coal gas side first flue gas discharge butterfly valve 172A recovery device 21; flue gas discharged from the combustion-supporting air regenerator 8' enters an oxygen-smoke mixer 13 after passing through a combustion-supporting air side reversing valve 10, a combustion-supporting air side induced draft fan 12 and a first combustion-supporting air side smoke exhaust butterfly valve 15, oxygen is fully mixed with the flue gas at the combustion-supporting air side, then enters the combustion-supporting air regenerator 8 through an air blower 14 and the combustion-supporting air side reversing valve to be preheated to 800-1000 ℃, and is mixed and combusted with blast furnace gas preheated by the gas regenerator 7 in a heating furnace.
After the combustion of the blast furnace gas and the oxygen-smoke mixed gas in the heating furnace is finished, the gas side reversing valve 9 and the combustion-supporting air side reversing valve 10 are rotationally reversed, the blast furnace gas enters the gas heat accumulation chamber 7 'through the gas side reversing valve 9 and is preheated to 800-1000 ℃, and then the blast furnace gas and the oxygen-smoke mixed gas preheated in the combustion-supporting air side heat accumulation chamber 8' are combusted in the heating furnace. The temperature of the generated flue gas is reduced to 120-180 ℃ after the heat is stored in the coal gas side heat storage chamber 7 and the combustion-supporting air side heat storage chamber 8 on the opposite side, the flue gas discharged from the coal gas side heat storage chamber 7 enters CO through the coal gas side reversing valve 9, the coal gas side induced draft fan 11 and the coal gas side first flue gas butterfly valve 172A recovery and purification device 21; flue gas discharged from the combustion-supporting air regenerator 8 passes through a combustion-supporting air side reversing valve 10, a combustion-supporting air side induced draft fan 12 and a first combustion-supporting air side smoke exhaust butterfly valve 15 and then enters an oxygen-smoke mixer 13, oxygen is fully mixed with the combustion-supporting air side flue gas and then enters a combustion-supporting air regenerator 8 'through a blower 14 and the combustion-supporting air side reversing valve 10 to be preheated to 800-1000 ℃, and the oxygen and blast furnace gas preheated by a gas regenerator 7' are mixed and combusted in a heating furnace. The combustion system of the heating furnace completes a combustion reversing period and continues to perform the next combustion reversing period.
The flue gas discharged from the regenerator at the combustion-supporting air side of the heating furnace completely enters oxygen-smoke mixed gas to be mixed with oxygen, and the flue gas discharged from the regenerator at the gas side and CO removed from blast furnace gas2Feeding the gas into CO2Recovery lifterThe purifying device 21 carries out purification and liquefaction.
Controlling the pulverized coal, the pure oxygen and the circulating blast furnace gas (removing CO) according to the demand of the heating furnace on the blast furnace gas2) The amount of the blast furnace gas entering the blast furnace is controlled, so that the balance of the blast furnace gas needed by the blast furnace and the heating furnace is controlled.
Compared with the traditional blast furnace and heating furnace, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) pure oxygen and circulating blast furnace gas are used for replacing hot air, no nitrogen enters the blast furnace, the generated blast furnace gas almost does not contain nitrogen, and the heat value is 2-2.5 times of that of the traditional blast furnace;
(2) the blast furnace gas is recycled, the concentrations of CO and H2 in the blast furnace gas are increased, the reduction performance is strong, and the indirect reduction reaction can be promoted;
(3) the blast furnace ironmaking cancels a hot-blast furnace, and the blast furnace ironmaking part has no smoke emission and smoke exhaust heat loss, thereby improving the heat efficiency of the blast furnace;
(4) the pure oxygen replaces the hot air, and a high-pressure blast blower of a blast furnace is omitted;
(5) regulating the amount of coal gas, coal ratio and oxygen amount circularly entering the blast furnace to control the yield of blast furnace gas;
(6) the mixed gas of the nitrogen-free blast furnace gas and the pure oxygen and the flue gas enters the heat accumulating type heating furnace, and no nitrogen enters the hearth to participate in combustion, so that the flue gas of the heat accumulating type heating furnace is almost free of NOx emission;
(7) more than half of the flue gas of the heat accumulating type heating furnace is circulated back to the heating furnace, so that the emission of the flue gas is reduced;
CO in blast furnace gas2And high concentration CO in flue gas of regenerative heating furnace2The carbon emission reduction of steel smelting is realized through recovery and purification.
The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate one of ordinary skill in the art in understanding and using the present invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A nitrogen-free combustion process for a blast furnace and a heating furnace is characterized in that: the process comprises the following steps: the device comprises a blast furnace (1), a dust removal purification device (2), a compressor (3), a CO2 removal device (4), a CO2 storage tank (5), a heat accumulating type heating furnace (6), a coal gas heat accumulation chamber (7), a combustion air heat accumulation chamber (8), a coal gas side reversing valve (9), a combustion air side reversing valve (10), a coal gas side induced draft fan (11), a combustion air side induced draft fan (12), an oxygen-smoke mixer (13), an air blower (14), a first combustion air side smoke exhaust butterfly valve (15), a second combustion air side smoke exhaust butterfly valve (16), a first coal gas side smoke exhaust butterfly valve (17), a second coal gas side smoke exhaust butterfly valve (18), a coal gas side chimney (19), a combustion air side chimney (20), a CO2 recovery and purification device (21), a coal powder nozzle (22), a first oxygen nozzle (23), a second oxygen nozzle (24), a first blast nozzle (25), a second blast furnace gas nozzle (26), A mixed oxygen lance (27), a charging opening (28) and a blast furnace gas outlet (29).
2. The nitrogen-free combustion process of the blast furnace and the heating furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the blast furnace (1) is provided with a coal powder nozzle (22), a first oxygen nozzle (23) and a first blast furnace gas nozzle (25) on a hearth; the furnace body is provided with a second oxygen nozzle (24) and a second blast furnace gas nozzle (26).
3. The nitrogen-free combustion process of the blast furnace and the heating furnace as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the blast furnace gas discharged from the blast furnace gas outlet (29) hardly contains nitrogen, the CO concentration can be controlled to be 30-50%, and part of the blast furnace gas after dust removal and purification passes through CO2A removing device (4) for removing CO2Then the mixture is circulated into the blast furnace (1) through a first blast furnace gas nozzle (25) and a second blast furnace gas nozzle (24); the other part of the blast furnace gas is sent into a gas regenerator of the regenerative heating furnace, the preheated blast furnace gas and the oxygen-smoke mixed gas preheated by the combustion-supporting air regenerator are burnt in the hearth to heat the billet, and after the complete combustion, the smoke is discharged and heated from the regenerator at the opposite sideThe furnace heats the heat accumulators in the heat accumulation chambers, then the reversing valve reverses, blast furnace gas and combustion-supporting air enter the heat accumulation chambers on the opposite sides for preheating and then enter the hearth for combustion, flue gas is discharged from the heat accumulation chambers on the opposite sides, and the heat accumulation type heating furnace finishes a reversing period; the flue gas discharged from the regenerator at the combustion-supporting air side of the heating furnace completely enters an oxygen-smoke mixer (13) to be mixed with oxygen, and the flue gas discharged from the regenerator at the gas side and the CO removed from the blast furnace gas2Feeding the gas into CO2The recovery and purification device (21) carries out purification and liquefaction.
4. The nitrogen-free combustion process of the blast furnace and the heating furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: an oxygen mixing gun (27) is arranged on the oxygen-smoke mixer (13), the oxygen mixing gun (27) extends into the oxygen-smoke mixer (13) from the side surface, the bending direction is consistent with the flow direction of smoke, and oxygen is sprayed at high speed and is fully mixed with the surrounding smoke.
5. The nitrogen-free combustion process of the blast furnace and the heating furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a second combustion-supporting air side smoke exhaust butterfly valve (16) and a combustion-supporting air side chimney (20) are also arranged behind the combustion-supporting air side induced draft fan (12) and are used as an emergency smoke exhaust channel.
6. The nitrogen-free combustion process of the blast furnace and the heating furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a second gas side smoke exhaust butterfly valve (18) and a gas side chimney (19) are arranged behind the gas side induced draft fan (11) and are used as emergency smoke exhaust channels.
7. The nitrogen-free combustion process of the blast furnace and the heating furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the CO is2CO is arranged behind the removing device (4)2Storage tank (5), CO removed2Can be used for conveying pulverized coal or introducing CO2The recovery and purification device (21) carries out purification and liquefaction and then sells the purified product as a product.
8. The nitrogen-free combustion process of the blast furnace and the heating furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the heating furnace nitrogen-free combustion process further comprises an automatic control assembly: the automatic control assembly comprises an oxygen concentration analyzer arranged on a rear pipeline of the oxygen-smoke mixer, and the oxygen concentration is controlled to be 21% -30%; the flow regulating valve is arranged on the oxygen pipeline, the flow regulating valve is arranged on the blast furnace gas pipeline, and the oxygen analyzer is arranged on the smoke exhaust pipeline; the flow rate of oxygen and the flow rate of blast furnace gas are automatically adjusted in proportion, the flow rate of oxygen and the flow rate of the blast furnace gas are set to be 0.2-0.25, and the amount of circulating flue gas is automatically adjusted according to the oxygen concentration fed back by an oxygen analyzer on a rear pipeline of an oxygen-flue gas mixer; the oxygen concentration on the smoke exhaust pipeline is controlled to be 3% -5%.
9. A method of using a blast furnace and a heating furnace nitrogen-free combustion process according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
charging materials (ore, coke and limestone) are added from a charging opening (28) at the top of the blast furnace (1), a coal powder nozzle (22) arranged on a furnace hearth sprays coal powder, a first oxygen nozzle (23) sprays pure oxygen, and a first blast furnace gas nozzle (25) sprays blast furnace gas (removing CO)2) (ii) a The pure oxygen and the coal powder are not completely combusted in the hearth to generate CO and accompany with a large amount of heat release, and the blast furnace gas (removing CO)2) The spraying can reduce the temperature of the pure oxygen combustion of the coal powder in the hearth, and the coal powder, the pure oxygen and the blast furnace gas (removing CO)2) Coal gas formed by reaction in the hearth enters the furnace body upwards;
a second oxygen nozzle (24) arranged on the furnace body sprays pure oxygen into the blast furnace, and a second blast furnace gas nozzle (26) sprays blast furnace gas (removing CO)2) (ii) a Combustion of pure oxygen with part of blast furnace gas to CO2Simultaneously, heat is provided for the reduction of the iron ore, and unburned blast furnace gas provides reducing gas for the reaction; the coal gas formed by the hearth and the injected unburnt blast furnace coal gas and the iron ore are subjected to reduction reaction in the furnace body; the coal gas after the iron ore is reduced is continuously discharged upwards from a blast furnace gas outlet (29) at the top;
the blast furnace gas is divided into two paths after being treated by the dust removal and purification device (2), and one path of the blast furnace gas passes through the compressor (3) and the CO2A removing device (4) for removing CO2Gas inlet for feeding into blast furnace hearth and furnace bodyA mouth; the other path of blast furnace gas enters a gas regenerator (7) through a gas side reversing valve (9) and is preheated to 800-1000 ℃, and then is mixed and combusted with oxygen and smoke mixed gas preheated by a combustion-supporting air side regenerator (8) in a heating furnace; the temperature of the generated flue gas is reduced to 120-180 ℃ after the heat is accumulated in the coal gas side heat accumulation chamber (7 ') and the combustion-supporting air side heat accumulation chamber (8 ') on the opposite side, and the flue gas discharged from the coal gas side heat accumulation chamber (7 ') enters CO through a coal gas side reversing valve (9), a coal gas side induced draft fan (11) and a coal gas side first smoke discharge butterfly valve (17)2A recovery device (21); flue gas discharged by the combustion-supporting air regenerator 8' enters an oxygen-smoke mixer (13) after passing through a combustion-supporting air side reversing valve (10), a combustion-supporting air side induced draft fan (12) and a first combustion-supporting air side smoke exhaust butterfly valve (15), oxygen is fully mixed with the combustion-supporting air side flue gas and then enters the combustion-supporting air regenerator (8) through an air blower (14) and the combustion-supporting air side reversing valve (10) to be preheated to 800-1000 ℃, and the oxygen and blast furnace gas preheated by the gas regenerator (7) are mixed and combusted in a heating furnace;
after the combustion of the blast furnace gas and the oxygen-smoke mixed gas in the heating furnace is finished, the gas side reversing valve (9) and the combustion-supporting air side reversing valve (10) are rotated and reversed, the blast furnace gas enters the gas heat accumulation chamber (7 ') through the gas side reversing valve (9) and is preheated to 800-1000 ℃, and then the blast furnace gas and the oxygen-smoke mixed gas preheated by the combustion-supporting air side heat accumulation chamber (8') are combusted in the heating furnace; the temperature of the generated flue gas is reduced to 120-180 ℃ after the heat is stored in the coal gas side heat storage chamber (7) and the combustion-supporting air side heat storage chamber (8) on the opposite side, the flue gas discharged from the coal gas side heat storage chamber (7) enters CO through a coal gas side reversing valve (9), a coal gas side induced draft fan (11) and a coal gas side first smoke discharge butterfly valve (17)2A recovery and purification device (21); flue gas discharged by the combustion-supporting air regenerator (8) passes through a combustion-supporting air side reversing valve (10), a combustion-supporting air side induced draft fan (12) and a first combustion-supporting air side smoke exhaust butterfly valve (15) and then enters an oxygen-smoke mixer (13), oxygen and the combustion-supporting air side flue gas are fully mixed and then enter a combustion-supporting air regenerator (8 ') through an air blower (14) and the combustion-supporting air side reversing valve (10) to be preheated to 800-1000 ℃, and are mixed and combusted with blast furnace gas preheated by a gas regenerator (7') in a heating furnace; the combustion system of the heating furnace finishes a combustion reversing period and continues to enter the next combustion period;
controlling the pulverized coal, the pure oxygen and the circulating blast furnace gas according to the demand of the heating furnace on the blast furnace gasCO2) The amount of the blast furnace gas entering the blast furnace is controlled, so that the balance of the blast furnace gas needed by the blast furnace and the heating furnace is controlled.
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