CN112209667A - Composition for preparing plate, density plate and preparation method of density plate - Google Patents
Composition for preparing plate, density plate and preparation method of density plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN112209667A CN112209667A CN202011152358.8A CN202011152358A CN112209667A CN 112209667 A CN112209667 A CN 112209667A CN 202011152358 A CN202011152358 A CN 202011152358A CN 112209667 A CN112209667 A CN 112209667A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/02—Selection of the hardening environment
- C04B40/024—Steam hardening, e.g. in an autoclave
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a composition for preparing a plate, a density plate and a preparation method thereof. The composition comprises fiber powder, aluminosilicate mineral powder, an excitant and organic emulsion. The board prepared by the composition has excellent performance, is environment-friendly and healthy, and does not emit formaldehyde.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of artificial boards, and particularly relates to a composition for preparing a board, a density board and a preparation method of the density board.
Background
The density board is a board made of fiber raw material and synthetic resin such as urea-formaldehyde resin, etc. under the condition of heating and pressurizing. The density board has good physical and mechanical properties and processability, can be made into boards with different thicknesses, and is widely used in furniture manufacturing industry, building industry, indoor decoration industry and the like. However, in the manufacturing and using process, due to the use of organic binders such as urea-formaldehyde resin and the like and the formaldehyde accumulated by the natural wood material due to biochemical reaction, the density board can slowly release a certain amount of harmful volatile organic matters such as formaldehyde and the like, and the health of production workers and consumers is seriously influenced. Therefore, the seeking of a novel environment-friendly wood density board without formaldehyde release has very important significance for relieving ecological pressure and improving the living environment of people.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention innovatively provides that the alkali/acid-activated geopolymer mineral gelled material with rapid high-temperature setting and hardening, high early and later strength, good bonding performance, small shrinkage, high temperature resistance and good freeze-thaw resistance is used as the binder, the mineral gelled material achieves zero emission of binder formaldehyde, and the excitant is used for absorbing biomass formaldehyde, so that the preparation of the plant fiberboard with zero formaldehyde release and the effective utilization of wood chip resources are realized.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a composition for preparing a panel, the composition comprising a fiber powder, an aluminosilicate mineral powder, a trigger selected from an alkaline trigger and an acidic trigger, and an organic emulsion.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, the aluminosilicate mineral powder mineral is selected from calcined kaolin and low calcium fly ash, preferably calcined kaolin calcined at 600-750 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, the aluminosilicate-based mineral powder mineral is natural kaolin and calcined kaolin, and the silica content is 45-55 wt%, the alumina content is 35-45 wt%, and the sum of the silica and alumina contents should be greater than 85 wt%, based on the dry powder mass.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, the aluminosilicate mineral powder mineral is fly ash, and the silica content is 45 to 60 wt%, the alumina content is 20 to 35 wt%, and the calcium oxide content is less than 10 wt% based on the dry powder mass.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, the fiber powder is selected from natural fiber powder, preferably from wood fiber powder and plant fiber powder, preferably wood fiber powder.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, the fiber powder is derived from one or more of poplar, pine, jerusalem artichoke, birch, elm, mellowtree, wheat straw, and bagasse.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, the fiber powder has a length in the range of 5 to 15mm and a particle size in the range of 1 to 4 mm.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, the alkali activator is selected from an alkali metal hydroxide solution, a soluble silicate solution, used alone or in combination with a plurality of activators, and preferably an alkali metal hydroxide-soluble silicate mixed solution is used as the activator.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, the activator may be an alkali metal hydroxide solution, a soluble silicate solution, used alone or in combination with a plurality of activators, preferably an alkali metal hydroxide-soluble silicate mixed solution is used as the activator.
According to some embodiments, in the alkali metal hydroxide-soluble silicate complex solution, (calculated as the total amount of activator),
alkali metal hydroxide ratio: 5-20 wt%;
the silicate solution is as follows: 25-95 wt%;
the additional water accounts for the ratio: 20-5 wt%;
concentration of alkali metal hydroxide solution alone: 5 to 50 percent (calculated by the total amount of the excitant);
concentration of soluble silicate solution alone: 10 to 40 percent (calculated by the total amount of the excitant);
wherein the modulus of the soluble silicate (the mol ratio of silicon oxide to alkali metal oxide in the silicate) is 1.0-4.0.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, the content of the alkali-activator is 200% by weight based on the total weight of the aluminosilicate-based mineral powder.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, the acidic activator is selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, hydrogen phosphate and aqueous dihydrogen phosphate, preferably phosphoric acid is the activator.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, the concentration of the acidic stimulant solution is between 10 and 80 wt%.
According to some embodiments of the composition, the mass ratio of the acidic excitant solution to the aluminosilicate mineral powder is between 0.8 and 1.2.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, the aluminosilicate mineral powder is 15-60 wt%, the fiber powder is 40-85 wt%, the activator is 100-200 wt%, and the organic emulsion is 0.5-10 wt%, based on the total weight of the fiber powder and the aluminosilicate mineral powder.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, when the trigger is an acidic trigger, the content of the trigger is 120-200 wt%, and when the trigger is a basic trigger, the content of the trigger is 100-200 wt%.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, the weight ratio of the aluminosilicate-based mineral powder to the fiber powder is 1:5 to 1:1.5, preferably 2:1 to 1:1.5, most preferably 1.5:1 to 1:1.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, the composition further comprises a water repellent.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, the water repellent is present in an amount of 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the fiber powder and the aluminosilicate mineral powder.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, the organic emulsion is selected from the group consisting of acrylate emulsions and derivatives thereof, styrene-acrylate emulsions and derivatives thereof, butadiene-styrene copolymers and derivatives thereof, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and derivatives thereof, preferably styrene-acrylate emulsions and derivatives thereof.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, the organic emulsion is incorporated in an amount of 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the fiber powder and the aluminosilicate mineral powder.
According to some embodiments of the above composition, the water repellent is selected from the group consisting of an organosilane water repellent and a long-chain fatty acid salt water repellent, preferably incorporated in an amount of 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the fiber powder and the aluminosilicate mineral powder.
In a second aspect the present invention provides the use of the above composition for the preparation of a board, preferably a density board.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a density board comprising a geopolymer layer of aluminosilicate mineral powder and a stimulant and a fiber mesh layer. Preferably, the fiber mesh is selected from polypropylene fiber mesh, polyethylene fiber mesh, polyvinyl alcohol fiber mesh and glass fiber mesh, and the pore diameter of the fiber mesh is preferably 2-5 mm.
The aluminosilicate mineral powder mineral is calcined kaolin and low-calcium fly ash, preferably calcined kaolin calcined at 600-750 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the above density sheet, the aluminosilicate mineral powder mineral is natural kaolin and calcined kaolin, and the silica content is 45-55 wt%, the alumina content is 35-45 wt%, and the sum of the silica and alumina contents should be greater than 85 wt% based on the dry powder mass.
According to some embodiments of the above density board, the aluminosilicate mineral powder mineral is fly ash, and the silica content is 45 to 60 wt%, the alumina content is 20 to 35 wt%, and the calcium oxide content is less than 10 wt% based on the dry powder mass.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a sheet material, preferably a density board, comprising compression moulding a fibrous web with a composition according to the first aspect of the invention, preferably comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing the fiber powder and aluminosilicate mineral powder to obtain a first mixture,
(2) mixing the first mixture with an activator, an organic emulsion and an optional waterproofing agent to obtain a second mixture;
(3) and (3) placing the second mixture and the fiber mesh into a mold for compression molding, and preferably, pressurizing and steaming the reinforced mold after compression molding.
According to some embodiments of the above method, the press forming comprises: and after the second mixture and the fiber mesh are paved, covering the die, and stopping pressurizing when the pressure is loaded to 1-5MPa at the speed of 0.05-0.5MPa/s, and keeping for 2-10 min.
According to some embodiments of the above method, the pressure steam curing comprises steam curing the reinforced mold in an environment of 40-80 ℃ for 1-10 hours, and demolding after cooling.
According to some embodiments of the above method, the fiber mesh may be polypropylene fiber mesh, polyethylene fiber mesh, polyvinyl alcohol fiber mesh, glass fiber mesh, etc., and the diameter of the pores of the fiber mesh is selected from 2 to 5mm, preferably glass fiber mesh.
The invention adopts the alkali/acid-activated geopolymer mineral gelled material with rapid high-temperature setting and hardening, high early and later strength, good bonding performance, small shrinkage, high temperature resistance and good freeze-thaw resistance as the binder, achieves zero emission of formaldehyde in the binder by using the mineral gelled material, and realizes the preparation of the formaldehyde-free plant fiber board and the effective utilization of wood chip resources by adopting the activator to absorb the biomass formaldehyde.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
[ example 1 ]
Accurately weighing the substances, wherein the weight of the pine wood fiber chips is 70 wt%, the weight of the calcined kaolin powder is 30 wt%, the mixing amount of the styrene-acrylate emulsion is 0.5 wt%, the mixing amount of the silane waterproof agent is 0.5 wt%, and the mixing amount of the alkali metal hydroxide-soluble silicate excitant solution is 100 wt% based on the total weight of the calcined kaolin powder.
Wherein, based on the total weight of the exciting agent, the content of sodium hydroxide solid particles is 9.3 weight percent, the content of the industrial sodium silicate solution with the concentration of 38 percent (the ratio of silicon oxide to aluminum oxide is 3.4) is 82.5 weight percent, and the content of the added water is 8.2 weight percent.
(A) Pre-mixing treatment of wood fiber scraps and aluminosilicate mineral powder:
accurately weighing the components according to the weight ratio of the components, and placing the pine wood fiber chips and the calcined kaolin powder in a mechanical mixer for sufficient 0.5h at room temperature to ensure that the powder is uniformly distributed.
(B) Mixing:
accurately weighing an excitant solution, a styrene-acrylate emulsion and a silane waterproof agent, placing the components in a container, uniformly mixing, then placing the premixed powder obtained in the step (A) in a planetary mixer, adding the mixed solution, and fully stirring for 5min until the components are uniformly mixed.
(C) Die filling:
before filling, spraying a release agent in a mold of a cold press, wherein the release agent is preferably methyl silicone oil. And (D) uniformly paving the uniformly mixed semi-dry material obtained in the step (B) to a position half the depth of the cold press mold, and filling the mold with the residual material after paving a fiber mesh.
(D) And (3) pressing and forming:
after the material and the fiber grids are paved, the die is covered, the pressurization is stopped when the material and the fiber grids are loaded to 1MPa at the speed of 0.05MPa/s, and the die and the top cover are reinforced by screws to keep the pressure after the material and the fiber grids are kept for 5 min.
(E) Pressure steam curing:
and (D) placing the reinforced mould obtained in the step (D) in an environment of 80 ℃ for steaming for 3h, cooling, demoulding, and cutting according to requirements to obtain the required geopolymer cementing density board.
[ example 2 ]
Accurately weighing the substances, wherein the weight of the pine wood fiber chips is 70 wt%, the weight of the calcined kaolin powder is 30 wt%, the doping amount of the styrene-acrylate emulsion is 0.5 wt%, the doping amount of the silane waterproof agent is 0.5 wt%, and the doping amount of the phosphoric acid excitant solution is 80 wt% based on the total weight of the calcined kaolin powder.
Wherein the content of phosphoric acid is 70 wt% based on the total weight of the phosphoric acid activator solution.
(A) Pre-mixing treatment of wood fiber scraps and aluminosilicate mineral powder:
accurately weighing the components according to the weight ratio of the components, and placing the pine wood fiber chips and the calcined kaolin powder in a mechanical mixer for sufficient 0.5h at room temperature to ensure that the powder is uniformly distributed.
(B) Mixing:
accurately weighing a phosphoric acid excitant solution, a styrene-acrylate emulsion and a silane waterproof agent, placing the components in a container, uniformly mixing, then placing the premixed powder obtained in the step (A) in a planetary mixer, adding the mixed solution, and fully stirring for 5min until the components are uniformly mixed.
(C) Die filling:
before filling, spraying a release agent in a mold of a cold press, wherein the release agent is preferably methyl silicone oil. And (D) uniformly paving the uniformly mixed semi-dry material obtained in the step (B) to a position half the depth of the cold press mold, and filling the mold with the residual material after paving a fiber mesh.
(D) And (3) pressing and forming:
after the material and the fiber grids are paved, the die is covered, the pressurization is stopped when the material and the fiber grids are loaded to 1MPa at the speed of 0.05MPa/s, and the die and the top cover are reinforced by screws to keep the pressure after the material and the fiber grids are kept for 5 min.
(E) Pressure steam curing:
and (D) placing the reinforced mould obtained in the step (D) in an environment with the temperature of 80 ℃ for steam curing for 6h, cooling, demoulding and cutting according to requirements to obtain the required geopolymer cementing density board.
[ examples 3 to 5 ]
The process of example 1 was followed except that the parameters of the lignocellulosic pieces and aluminosilicate mineral powders were as shown in Table 1.
[ examples 6 to 8 ]
The process of example 2 was followed except that the parameters of the lignocellulosic pieces and aluminosilicate mineral powders were as shown in Table 1.
[ examples 9 to 11 ]
The procedure is as in example 1, except that the parameters of the organic emulsion and the water repellent are as shown in Table 1.
[ examples 12 to 14 ]
The procedure is as in example 2, except that the parameters of the organic emulsion and the water repellent are as shown in Table 1.
[ examples 15 to 16 ]
The procedure is as in example 1, except that the parameters of the alkali metal hydroxide-soluble silicate solution are as shown in Table 1.
[ examples 17 to 18 ]
The procedure of example 2 was followed except that the parameters of the phosphoric acid trigger solution are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
The procedure is as in example 1, except that no organic emulsion is added and the water repellent parameters are as shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
The procedure is as in example 2, except that no organic emulsion is added and the water repellent parameters are as shown in Table 1.
[ examples 19 to 21 ]
The process of example 1 was followed except that the lignocellulosic crumb type parameters were varied as shown in Table 1.
[ examples 22 to 24 ]
The process of example 2 was followed except that the lignocellulosic crumb type parameters were varied as shown in Table 1.
[ test examples ]
The plant fiber sheets prepared in examples 1-13 and comparative examples 1-5 were tested for static bending strength, water absorption expansion rate, dimensional stability, water content, formaldehyde emission, internal bond strength, and cigarette ignition grade (surface cigarette ignition resistance) according to the international GB/T17657-2013 physicochemical property test method for artificial boards and veneers, respectively, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1
In table 1, the weight percentages of the lignocellulosic clasts, aluminosilicate powder, organic emulsion, and water repellent are based on the total weight of the dry powder material; the weight% of the alkali metal hydroxide-soluble silicate excitant is based on the total weight of the aluminosilicate powder.
TABLE 2
Although the invention has been described above with reference to some embodiments, various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A composition for preparing a plate comprises fiber powder, aluminosilicate mineral powder, an activator and an organic emulsion, wherein the activator is selected from an alkaline activator and an acidic activator.
2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fiber powder is selected from natural fiber powder, preferably from wood fiber powder and plant fiber powder, preferably wood fiber powder; preferably, the fiber powder is derived from one or more of poplar, pine, fall wood, birch, elm, water willow, wheat straw, straw and bagasse; and/or
The length of the fiber powder is within the range of 5-15mm, and the particle size is within the range of 1-4 mm.
3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the alkali metal hydroxide solution, the soluble silicate solution, alone or in combination with a plurality of activators, preferably the alkali metal hydroxide-soluble silicate mixed solution is an activator, and/or
The content of the alkali silicate excitant is 100-200 wt% based on the total weight of the aluminosilicate mineral powder; and/or
The acidic activator is selected from phosphoric acid, hydrogen phosphate and dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, preferably phosphoric acid as activator, and/or
The concentration of the acidic excitant solution is between 10 and 80 weight percent, and/or
The mass ratio of the acidic excitant solution to the aluminosilicate mineral powder is 0.8-1.2.
4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
based on the total weight of the fiber powder and the aluminosilicate mineral powder, the content of the aluminosilicate mineral powder is 15-60 wt%, the content of the fiber powder is 40-85 wt%, the content of the excitant is 100-200 wt%, and the content of the organic emulsion is 0.5-10 wt%;
preferably, when the excitant is an acidic excitant, the content of the excitant is 120-200 wt%, and when the excitant is a basic excitant, the content of the excitant is 100-200 wt%;
preferably, the weight ratio of the aluminosilicate mineral powder to the fiber powder is 1:5 to 1:1.5, preferably 2:1 to 1:1.5, and most preferably 1.5:1 to 1:1.
5. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a water repellent agent,
preferably, the content of the water repellent is 0.5 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the fiber powder and the aluminosilicate mineral powder.
6. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the organic emulsion is selected from the group consisting of acrylate emulsions and derivatives thereof, styrene-acrylate emulsions and derivatives thereof, butadiene-styrene copolymers and derivatives thereof, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and derivatives thereof, preferably styrene-acrylate emulsions and derivatives thereof, preferably in an amount of 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the fiber powder and the aluminosilicate mineral powder; and/or
The waterproof agent is selected from organosilane waterproof agents and long-chain fatty acid salt waterproof agents, and preferably, the mixing amount of the waterproof agent is 0.5-10 wt% based on the total weight of the fiber powder and the aluminosilicate mineral powder.
7. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1-6 for the preparation of a board, preferably a density board.
8. A density board comprising a geopolymer layer of aluminosilicate mineral powder and a layer of a fibrous grid, preferably selected from polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol and glass fibre grids, the diameter of the pores of the fibrous grid preferably being between 2 and 5 mm.
9. Method for the production of a density board according to claim 8 comprising press forming with a fiber mesh the composition according to any of claims 1-6, preferably comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing the fiber powder and aluminosilicate mineral powder to obtain a first mixture,
(2) mixing the first mixture with an activator, an organic emulsion and an optional waterproofing agent to obtain a second mixture;
(3) and (3) placing the second mixture and the fiber mesh into a mold for compression molding, and preferably, pressurizing and steaming the reinforced mold after compression molding.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the press forming comprises capping the mold after the second mixture and the fiber mesh are laid, and stopping pressurizing when the second mixture is loaded to 1-5MPa at a rate of 0.05-0.5MPa/s, and maintaining for 2-10 min; the pressure steam curing comprises the steps of reinforcing the mould, performing steam curing for 1-10 hours at the temperature of 40-80 ℃, cooling and demolding.
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