CN112206767A - Morphological structure regulation method of bismuth tungstate, product and application thereof - Google Patents
Morphological structure regulation method of bismuth tungstate, product and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000051 modifying effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001198704 Aurivillius Species 0.000 description 1
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000013032 photocatalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004729 solvothermal method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/31—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten combined with bismuth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8668—Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8678—Removing components of undefined structure
- B01D53/8687—Organic components
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G41/00—Compounds of tungsten
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
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- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
- B01D2259/802—Visible light
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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Abstract
The invention provides a morphological structure regulation method of bismuth tungstate, a product and application thereof, wherein polyvinylpyrrolidone and bismuth nitrate with different masses are dissolved in alcohol or water to prepare a solution, and sodium tungstate is dissolved in alcohol or water to prepare a solution; slowly dripping the sodium tungstate solution into the polyvinylpyrrolidone and bismuth nitrate solution under the action of magnetic stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution; and transferring the obtained mixed solution to a polytetrafluoroethylene lining high-pressure reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, controlling the temperature to be 160-180 ℃, and drying. The obtained product bismuth tungstate is 5.9-17.9 nm granular crystals or 25.8-50.9 nm flaky crystals. The bismuth tungstate can be used for photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds, and the photocatalytic degradation efficiency is remarkably higher than that of bismuth tungstate prepared without adding polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical catalysis, and relates to Bi2WO6The method for regulating and controlling the shape and the structure, and the product and the application thereof.
Background
In recent years, semiconductor photocatalytic materials have attracted much attention in environmental purification and pollutant treatment. The semiconductor material generates excited photo-generated electrons and photo-generated holes under the excitation of photons with energy more than or equal to the forbidden bandwidth of the semiconductor material, the excited photo-generated electrons and the photo-generated holes migrate to the surface of the semiconductor, and the excited photo-generated electrons and the photo-generated holes undergo redox reaction with Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor to oxidize and degrade the volatile organic compounds into CO2、H2And O and other inorganic small molecules. Bismuth tungstate (Bi)2WO6) Is a layered Aurivillius phase oxide semiconductor, represented by [ WO6]2-And [ Bi ]2O2]2+The laminated structure can accelerate the separation of photo-generated electrons and holes, and has good light stability and no toxicity. Bismuth tungstate has a special electronic structure and good photoelectric characteristics, so that the bismuth tungstate becomes a semiconductor photocatalytic material with great prospect.
Bi2WO6The photocatalytic activity of the compound is influenced by factors such as the structure, crystallinity and particle size of the compound. Bi prepared by Kudo et al high temperature solid phase method2WO6It was found that the particle size is large and the catalytic activity of the material is not ideal. To increase Bi2WO6The researchers developed many other preparation methods such as hydrothermal method, sol-gel method, solvothermal method, etc., and also studied surfactants in the preparation process such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), etc. Conditioning Bi by preparation method and surfactant2WO6The morphology structure of (2) to adjust Bi2WO6The photocatalytic efficiency of (c).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at providing a morphological structure regulation method of bismuth tungstate, a product and application thereof,bi with different morphological structures is prepared by adjusting the type of solvent and the dosage of surfactant in the preparation method2WO6The method is used for photocatalytic degradation of VOCs.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: bi2WO6The method for regulating and controlling the morphology structure comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving PVP and bismuth nitrate in alcohol or water to prepare a solution; dissolving sodium tungstate in alcohol or water to prepare a solution;
(2) slowly dripping a sodium tungstate solution into a PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) and bismuth nitrate solution under the action of magnetic stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
(3) and (3) transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step (2) to a polytetrafluoroethylene lining high-pressure reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction, controlling the temperature to be 160-180 ℃, carrying out centrifugal washing after the reaction is finished, and drying the obtained product.
Preferably, the addition amount of PVP in the step (1) is 0-57.3% of the mass of bismuth nitrate.
Preferably, when the solvent in the step (1) is water, the addition amount of PVP is 0-57.3% of the mass of bismuth nitrate; when the solvent is alcohol, the addition amount of PVP is 0-1.3% of the mass of bismuth nitrate.
Preferably, when the solvent in the step (1) is water, the addition amount of PVP is 28.7% of the mass of bismuth nitrate; when the solvent is alcohol, the addition amount of PVP is 1 percent of the mass of the bismuth nitrate.
Preferably, the dropping rate of the sodium tungstate solution in the step (2) is 20-30 drops/min; the molar ratio of sodium tungstate to bismuth nitrate in the mixed solution is 1: 2.
bi2WO6The product of the method for regulating the morphology and structure of (1), characterized in that when the solvent is water, the product Bi is2WO6A granular crystal of 5.9 to 17.9 nm; when the solvent is alcohol, the product Bi2WO6Is a 25.8 to 50.9nm flaky crystal.
Bi2WO6The use of the product of the method for regulating the morphology and structure of (a), characterized in that the product Bi2WO6In the visibleAnd (3) catalytically degrading VOCs under light conditions.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) bi with different morphological structures is prepared by adjusting the type of solvent and the dosage of surfactant in the preparation method2WO6. PVP plays a role in dispersing in an alcohol solution to form grains with the size of 5.9-17.9 nm; PVP plays a role in structure guiding in an aqueous solution, and a nanosheet with the size of 25.8-50.9 nm grows in the vertical direction; both having promoted Bi2WO6The separation of electron-hole on the surface of the catalyst.
2) Bi prepared by different methods and PVP dosage2WO6The catalyst is used for photocatalytic degradation of VOCs. By regulating the addition of PVP, the visible light absorption capability of the catalyst can be enhanced, and the transfer and transmission of photon-generated carriers are increased, so that the photocatalytic activity is improved. Bi prepared from 1% PVP in alcoholic solution2WO6The best toluene degradation effect is achieved, and 30 percent is achieved within 120 min. Bi prepared from 28.7% PVP in aqueous solution2WO6The toluene degradation effect is best, and 38 percent is achieved in 120 min.
Drawings
FIG. 1 (a) is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the product obtained in examples 1-5;
FIG. 1 (b) is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the products obtained in examples 6-10;
FIG. 2 (a) is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of example 1;
FIG. 2 (b) is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of example 4;
FIG. 2 (c) is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of example 6;
FIG. 2 (d) is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of example 9;
FIG. 3 (a) is a graph showing fluorescence spectra (PL) of examples 1 and 4;
FIG. 3 (b) is a graph showing fluorescence spectra (PL) of examples 6 and 9;
FIG. 4 (a) shows the toluene degradation rates of the products obtained in examples 1 to 5;
FIG. 4 (b) is the toluene degradation rate of the products obtained in examples 6 to 10.
Detailed Description
Examples 1 to 5:
PVP with different masses and 0.97g of bismuth nitrate are dissolved in 30ml of ethylene glycol solution, and stirred magnetically, and 0.3298g of sodium tungstate is dissolved in 20ml of ethylene glycol. Slowly dripping the sodium tungstate solution into the bismuth nitrate mixed solution under the action of magnetic stirring, and magnetically stirring for 2 hours. And transferring the mixed solution to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined high-pressure reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal temperature of 160 ℃ and hydrothermal time of 24h, centrifuging the catalyst at 10000rpm/min after the reaction is finished, alternately washing the catalyst three times by using ethanol and distilled water, placing the catalyst in a drying oven, setting the drying temperature to be 60 ℃, and carrying out drying treatment for 12 h.
TABLE 1 PVP addition vs. Bi2WO6Influence of Crystal form size
As shown in FIG. 1 (a), Bi obtained in examples 1 to 52WO6The catalyst samples were all at 2 θoPeaks at =28.3 °, 32.8 °, 47.1 °, 55.8 ° and 58.5 °, respectively corresponding to orthorhombic plane Bi2WO6Characteristic peaks of (131), (200), (202), (133) and (262) crystal planes of (a). Bi increases with the addition of PVP2WO6The diffraction peak of (131) of (2) is shifted to a small angle, indicating that the addition of PVP to Bi2WO6The crystal phase of the catalyst has substantially no influence, but on Bi2WO6The growth of the catalyst nanocrystals has a modifying effect.
Selecting a crystal face diffraction peak (131) with the largest area, and estimating the grain size by using the half-peak width through a Scherrer formula: d = K λ/B cos θ, where D is the grain size; b is the half-peak width of the diffraction peak; k is the Scherrer constant of 0.89; λ is the X-ray wavelength, constant 0.15405 nm; θ is the diffraction angle corresponding to the (131) diffraction peak. As shown in Table 1, when the amount of PVP added was 1% of that of bismuth nitrate, the dispersion effect was the best, and Bi was obtained2WO6The grain size was the smallest and 5.9 nm.
As shown in fig. 2 (a), the sample prepared without PVP had an agglomeration phenomenon; as shown in FIG. 2 (b), the sample prepared by adding 1% PVP is uniformly distributed, and PVP has dispersion effect in alcoholic solution, which affects Bi2WO6And (4) morphology.
As shown in FIG. 3 (a), the peak intensity of radiation of the sample prepared by adding 1% PVP is obviously lower than that of the sample prepared without adding PVP, the recombination rate of the photo-generated electron-hole pair is slowed down, and the dispersion effect of PVP can effectively promote Bi2WO6And (4) separating electron-hole on the surface of the catalyst.
Examples 6 to 10
PVP with different masses and 0.97g of bismuth nitrate are dissolved in 30ml of 1mol/L nitric acid solution, the mixture is magnetically stirred, and 0.3298g of sodium tungstate is dissolved in 20ml of distilled water. Slowly dripping the sodium tungstate solution into the bismuth nitrate mixed solution under the action of magnetic stirring, adjusting the pH to be about 7 by using 2M/L NaOH solution, and continuously stirring for 2 hours. And transferring the mixed solution to a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined high-pressure reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal temperature of 180 ℃ for 24 hours, after the reaction is finished, centrifuging the catalyst at 10000rpm/min, alternately washing the catalyst with ethanol and distilled water for three times, placing the catalyst in a drying box, setting the drying temperature to be 60 ℃, and carrying out drying treatment for 12 hours.
TABLE 2 PVP addition vs. Bi2WO6Influence of Crystal form size
As shown in FIG. 1 (b), Bi obtained in examples 6 to 102WO6The catalyst samples were all at 2 θoPeaks at =28.3 °, 32.8 °, 47.1 °, 55.8 ° and 58.5 °, and addition of PVP to Bi2WO6The crystal phase of the catalyst has substantially no influence, but on Bi2WO6The growth of the catalyst nanocrystals has a modifying effect. Selecting a crystal face diffraction peak (131) with the largest area, utilizing the half-peak width of the crystal face diffraction peak, estimating the grain size by a Scherrer formula, and obtaining the result shown in Table 2, wherein Bi prepared in the aqueous solution2WO6The half width of the diffraction peak of (131) is reduced compared with that in an alcohol solution.
As shown in FIG. 2 (c), Bi was prepared without addition of PVP2WO6The pieces are piled together, and have an agglomeration phenomenon; as shown in FIG. 2 (d), the sample prepared by adding 28.7% PVP, Bi2WO6The nanosheet grows in the vertical direction, PVP has a result guiding effect in an aqueous solution, and Bi is influenced2WO6And (4) morphology.
As shown in FIG. 3 (b), the peak emission intensity of the sample prepared by adding 28.7% of PVP is significantly lower than that of the sample prepared without adding PVP, and the recombination rate of the photo-generated electron-hole pairs is slowed, which indicates that PVP can effectively promote Bi2WO6And (4) separating electron-hole on the surface of the catalyst.
Example 11
The catalyst Bi obtained in examples 1 to 102WO6Spread on the bottom of the photocatalytic reaction instrument with a loading of 0.1 g. Toluene gas (concentration 100 ppm/L) was charged, nitrogen gas was used as a carrier gas, and oxygen gas was mixed at a concentration of 14% by volume. Toluene gas mixture and Bi2WO6And standing together, starting a cooling device, and standing together for 60min to achieve adsorption and desorption balance. The visible light source 1000W xenon lamp catalyzes and degrades the toluene mixed gas, the circulating device is started, samples are taken at intervals during the reaction, and the toluene concentration before and after the reaction is detected by a gas chromatograph (GC 6890).
As shown in FIG. 4 (a), Bi prepared by adding different PVP to alcoholic solution2WO6The catalyst has higher efficiency of degrading toluene than Bi prepared without adding PVP2WO6And the degradation rate of toluene is increased and then reduced along with the increase of the addition amount of PVP, and Bi prepared by 1 percent of PVP2WO6The best toluene degradation effect is achieved, and 30 percent is achieved within 120 min.
As shown in FIG. 4 (b), Bi obtained by adding different PVP to the aqueous solution2WO6The catalyst has higher efficiency of degrading toluene than Bi prepared without adding PVP2WO6And the degradation rate of toluene is increased and then decreased with the increase of the addition amount of PVP, and in the hydrothermal method, Bi prepared by 28.7 percent of PVP2WO6The toluene degradation effect is best, and 38 percent is achieved in 120 min. Thus PVP addition contributes to Bi2WO6The photocatalytic activity of the catalyst is enhanced.
Claims (7)
1. A method for regulating and controlling the morphological structure of bismuth tungstate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone and bismuth nitrate in alcohol or water to prepare a solution; dissolving sodium tungstate in alcohol or water to prepare a solution;
(2) slowly dripping the sodium tungstate solution into the polyvinylpyrrolidone and bismuth nitrate solution under the action of magnetic stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
(3) and (3) transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step (2) to a polytetrafluoroethylene lining high-pressure reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction, controlling the temperature to be 160-180 ℃, carrying out centrifugal washing after the reaction is finished, and drying the obtained product.
2. The method for regulating and controlling the morphology and structure of bismuth tungstate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the addition amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone in the step (1) is 0-57.3% of the mass of bismuth nitrate.
3. The method for regulating and controlling the morphology and structure of bismuth tungstate as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the solvent in the step (1) is water, the addition amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 0% -57.3% of the mass of bismuth nitrate; when the solvent is alcohol, the addition amount of the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 0-1.3% of the mass of the bismuth nitrate.
4. The method for regulating and controlling the morphology and structure of bismuth tungstate as claimed in claim 3, wherein when the solvent in the step (1) is water, the addition amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 28.7% of the mass of bismuth nitrate; when the solvent is alcohol, the addition amount of the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 1 percent of the mass of the bismuth nitrate.
5. The method for regulating and controlling the morphology and structure of bismuth tungstate according to claim 1, wherein the dropping rate of the sodium tungstate solution in the step (2) is 20-30 drops/min; the molar ratio of sodium tungstate to bismuth nitrate in the mixed solution is 1: 2.
6. a product of a morphological structure control method of bismuth tungstate as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, wherein when the solvent is water, the product bismuth tungstate is in the form of 5.9-17.9 nm granular crystals; when the solvent is alcohol, the product bismuth tungstate is 25.8-50.9 nm of flaky crystals.
7. Use of the product of the method for morphological conditioning of bismuth tungstate of claim 6, wherein the product bismuth tungstate is catalytically degraded under visible light conditions.
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