CN112205352A

CN112205352A - Artificial breeding method for wild bat of predatory worm

Info

Publication number: CN112205352A
Application number: CN202011107192.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴佳; 安学芳; 史光华; 唐浩; 彭云; 赵赫
Original assignee: Wuhan Institute of Virology of CAS
Current assignee: Wuhan Institute of Virology of CAS
Priority date: 2020-10-16
Filing date: 2020-10-16
Publication date: 2021-01-12
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-16
Also published as: CN112205352B

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial breeding method of wild bat with predatory insects, which comprises 6 steps of preparing a bat feed for the predatory insects, domesticating the parent bat with the predatory insects, overwintering the bat with the predatory insects, artificially breeding the bat with the predatory insects, weaning the bat with the larva, and breeding the bat with the larva. Ensures the safe overwintering of the bat, creates conditions for the artificial breeding of the bat, and has high breeding rate and survival rate.

Description

Artificial breeding method for wild bat of predatory worm

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of breeding and breeding for artificial domestication of wild bat, in particular to an artificial breeding method of wild bat predators.

Background

Bat is the only mammal with real flying ability, belongs to the pterocardia order of the real animal subclass of mammals, and is divided into the major Bat suborder and the minor Bat suborder. The large bat has better vision and sharp smell, and is mainly used for eating fruits, nectar or pollen and also used for eating the fruit bat; the small bat has smaller eyes and deteriorated vision, mainly depends on the echo to locate and feed insects, and a small amount of the bat takes fruits, animal blood or fish and the like as food and is also called the bat of the feeding insects. The bats are distributed extremely widely in the world, and are distributed except Antarctic continents and a small number of islands. At present, more than 1300 bats exist in the world, and more than 230 bats exist in China and account for one fifth of all mammal species. The bat has a service life about 10 times longer than that of similar rats by 20-30 years. The bat has the characteristics of multiple varieties, wide distribution, long service life and the like, so that the bat becomes an ideal natural host for multiple pathogens. Some of the highly pathogenic viruses such as SARS coronavirus, rabies virus and Ebola virus, etc. are spread from bat to human and other animals by cross-species spread, which brings great loss to the healthy development of human and animal husbandry. Up to now, researchers have isolated or detected over 200 viruses from bat bodies, but interestingly, bat bodies infected naturally or artificially with viruses do not have obvious clinical symptoms, and the mechanism is unknown. Through the research on the special immune system of the bat, the mystery of the bat for resisting various pathogens can be uncovered, and the bat helps for people to overcome infectious diseases. The research on the blood microcirculation, the thermoregulation and the long life mechanism of the bats has important significance for the human medical research. Meanwhile, through bionics research on bat flight, echo positioning and the like, technical reference is provided for aerodynamics and radar research.

Based on the reasons, the bat is an excellent model experimental animal, but at present, no successful breeding and reproduction under artificial conditions is reported at home and abroad, and particularly, the difficulty of artificial domestication and reproduction of the bat is greater, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. the bat is a flying animal, is captured and then is raised in cages, greatly changes the life habit of the bat compared with the bat flying in the sky, and inevitably brings a plurality of unexpected problems.

2. Bats inhabit in the daytime and are taken at night and evening. The feeding mode is mainly to prey on various flying living insects in the flying process, and reports report that the big-foot rat ear bat can also prey on small fishes. The existing artificial feed for various animals is not suitable for feeding insect bats. And the adopted live larvae of the yellow mealworms of the coleoptera are not naturally fed, and the bat is manually fed slowly to induce and independently fed.

3. Long-term feeding experiments show that the yellow mealworm larvae purchased from the market are directly fed without treatment, which has influence on the health of the bat and is not beneficial to the growth and development of the bat.

4. Most of wild insect-eating bats inhabit in wild caves, and water sources are arranged in the caves, so that the temperature and the humidity of the inhabitation environment are relatively stable, and the annual temperature difference is small. The control of the temperature, humidity, noise, illuminance, oxygen consumption and the like of the environment during artificial feeding can be determined only by long-term exploration and research.

5. The bat of the feeding insect belongs to a variable-temperature animal and needs hibernation in winter. How to simulate the wild environment under the condition of artificial feeding to enable the bat to smoothly enter hibernation and enable the bat to wake up in time is a key link related to success or failure of artificial feeding and is also a difficult problem.

6. Wild bat of the feeding insect is a social animal, and artificial feeding cannot be carried out independently, but too many bats cannot be put together to be fed and mutually influenced, particularly in the breeding stage. The proper male-female ratio will help the success of artificial reproduction.

7. The insect-feeding bat only carries 1 litter every year, most bats can produce 1 litter every litter, and the experimental conditions are changed, so that the results can be obtained within 1 year, and the artificial breeding is time-consuming and labor-consuming.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an artificial breeding method of wild bat predators, which aims at overcoming the defects in the prior art, and the wild bat predators are artificially domesticated, bred and passaged to establish an artificial breeding group, thereby providing a brand-new model experimental animal for scientific research.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

an artificial breeding method of wild bat with predatory insect comprises 6 steps of preparing a bat feed, domesticating a parent bat with predatory insect, overwintering the bat with the predatory insect, artificially breeding the bat with the predatory insect, weaning the bat with the predatory insect and breeding the bat with the predatory insect,

step 1, preparing the bat feed for feeding insects: removing yellow mealworm pupa and imago mixed in yellow mealworm larvae, and feeding 1kg of yellow mealworm feed according to 1kg of yellow mealworm larvae in the first day of the first week. On day 3 of the first week, 1kg of tenebrio molitor larvae are fed with 1kg of tenebrio molitor feed, and 0.5kg of chopped melons, fruits or vegetables are fed with 1kg of tenebrio molitor feed. Feeding 1kg of tenebrio molitor feed according to 1kg of tenebrio molitor larvae in the first and third weeks, screening excrement of the tenebrio molitor larvae by using a sieve in the third week, putting the tenebrio molitor larvae into a box, refrigerating and storing the box at 4 +/-1 ℃, wherein the stacking thickness of the tenebrio molitor in the box is not more than 2cm, opening the box, and opening a refrigerator door for 1-2 times of ventilation every week for 1 minute according to the number of the tenebrio molitor larvae stored in the refrigerator. After being refrigerated and stored for 2 weeks, the flour weevil is taken out and placed at room temperature, 1kg of flour weevil feed is fed according to 1kg of flour weevil, 0.5kg of chopped melon and fruit or vegetable is fed according to 1kg of flour weevil, and the flour weevil larva after being fed for 3 days can be used as feed for feeding insect-feeding bat. The living tenebrio molitor larvae treated by the process are harmless to the growth and development of bat, and can be fed with bat for a long time.

The yellow mealworm feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

preferably, the flour weevil feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

step 2, domesticating parent insect-eating bat: selecting healthy tenebrio molitor bats, fixing the tenebrio molitor bats captured from the wild mountain cave by wearing the glove for preventing animals from being grabbed, then clamping the tail ends of the tenebrio molitor larvae which are not headed and have the internal organs and body fluid squeezed out by using forceps, extending the head ends to the mouth side of the tenebrio molitor bats to enable the tenebrio molitor bats to lick the internal organs and the body fluid by opening the mouth, and timely sending the tenebrio molitor larvae into the mouth to enable the tenebrio molitor bats to chew after the mouth of the tenebrio bats is widened. Repeating the steps for a plurality of times, the larva of the yellow mealworm does not need to be removed from the head and extruded out the internal organs and body fluid, and the larva of the yellow mealworm can be eaten by the bat eating the insect. Feeding once every afternoon, preferably in the evening, which is close to the feeding time of wild bat feeding insects. Each bat is fed with 5-10 yellow mealworms each time. Too much feed can not be fed once, so that the bat of the mealworm is in a hungry state, and the bat of the mealworm is promoted to independently forage for food so as to increase the success rate of independently eating the mealworm. During the feeding period, a proper amount of sterilized tap water is fed by a straw. After feeding is finished, the insect-eating bat cages are placed into the insect-eating bat cages (the insect-eating bat cages can be a bat cage with the patent number of ZL 201820934123.6), drinking water bottles are inserted into the insect-eating bat cages, living yellow mealworms are added into feeding boxes of the insect-eating bat cages, whether the insect-eating bat bats are fed or not is observed through night vision cameras at night, or the surplus of the yellow mealworm larvae in the feeding boxes is observed on the second day so as to judge the self-feeding condition of the insect-eating bat bats. Generally, after the feeding is carried out for 3-7 days by hand, the tenebrio molitor bats can independently feed living tenebrio molitor, and the tenebrio molitor larvae are added into the feeding box every day, and 1-6g of the tenebrio molitor larvae are required for each tenebrio molitor bats every day. During domestication, environmental parameters are controlled as follows: setting the temperature to 23 +/-2 ℃ in 6-8 months and setting the temperature to 20 +/-2 ℃ in 9-10 months; humidity is set to 60% + -10%; the number of air changes was set to 12 times/hour; the noise is controlled below 55 dB; the illumination intensity in the daytime is 15lx, no illumination is provided at night, and the alternating time of light and shade is 12 hours.

Step 3, the overwintering method of the insect-eating bat comprises the following steps: the bat of the feeding insect belongs to a variable-temperature animal and needs hibernation in winter. Hibernation, which is an important life habit of insect-feeding bats, therefore plays a special role in its life cycle. How to make the insect-eating bat smoothly enter hibernation and wake up the bat in due time under the condition of manual control is an essential link for the bat to safely live through the winter. Through tests, the insect-feeding bat can hibernate and safely overwinter by adopting the following method: beginning to implement a hibernation step in the last 10 th ten days of the year, and controlling the temperature and humidity of a bat breeding room and the ventilation frequency, specifically comprising the following steps: starting from the temperature of the bat breeding room being 20 +/-1 ℃, reducing the temperature by 1 +/-0.5 ℃ every week, continuously reducing the temperature for 8 weeks until the temperature of the bat breeding room being 12 +/-1 ℃, enabling the bat to enter a hibernation state, and feeding the bat with food and water as usual before all the bat with food enter the hibernation state. Keeping the temperature in the bat breeding room at 12 +/-1 ℃ to 3 middle ten days of the next year, and implementing a waking step: adjusting the temperature to 1 +/-0.5 ℃ every week, and continuously adjusting the temperature to 20 +/-1 ℃ in the bat breeding room for 8 weeks. During the temperature rise, whether the bat wakes up or not is closely observed, and the bat is fed with food and water in time. During hibernation, the temperature in the bat rearing room is controlled to be 12 +/-1 ℃, and other environmental parameters in the bat rearing room are also controlled, specifically: the humidity is 60% +/-10%, the ventilation times are 5-15 times/hour, the noise is less than or equal to 55dB, light irradiation and light turning-off are alternately carried out, light and shade alternation is realized, the light and shade alternation is carried out once every 12 hours, and the illuminance during the light irradiation is 10-20 lx.

Step 4, artificial propagation of bat: in 6-8 months per year, selecting the bat which grows well and is mature in nature from the domesticated successful bat as a parent bat. Feeding the bat of the feeding insect in the same bat feeding cage according to the male-female ratio of 1: 1-4, and proportionally placing a proper amount of bat according to the size of the bat feeding cage of the feeding insect. Feeding the tenebrio molitor larvae treated in the step 1 and sterilized tap water, and simultaneously controlling the temperature in the bat feeding room to be 23 +/-2 ℃. By 8-9 months of the year, the male and female insect-eating bat begins to appear mating behaviors. And (3) gradually hibernating and reviving the bat of the feeding insect according to the hibernating and reviving steps in the step 3 from 10 late ten days to 3 middle months of the next year. The parent bat begins to farrowing in 5-6 months of the next year. Generally, more than 90% of bat with insect feeding can produce 1 litter per fetus, and a few bat can produce 2 litters per year, wherein 1 litter is produced per year. After the feeding bat of the insect-eating bat is born, pure milk is fed, and the method is that the pure milk is filled into a drinking bottle of the feeding bat rearing cage, so that the bat can freely drink and be replaced every day. In the whole breeding period (6-8 months), the humidity is controlled to be 60 +/-10%, the ventilation times are 5-15 times/hour, the noise is controlled to be less than or equal to 55dB, the light irradiation and the light closing are alternately carried out, the light and shade alternation is realized, the light and shade alternation is carried out every 12 hours, and the illuminance during the light irradiation is 10-20 lx.

Step 5, weaning the bat young larvae: the newborn bat young baby climbs on the mother bat to suck breast milk, and the mother bat young baby is wrapped by wing membrane and moves along with the mother bat. After the feeding of the larva with the bat by breast milk for 3 weeks, the parent bat and the larva with the bat begin to be separated for a short time along with the growth of the newly born bat, and the larva with the bat begins to be fed with the tenebrio molitor manually one month after the larva with the bat is fed by breast milk for one month. The method comprises the steps of selecting newly molted tenebrio molitor larvae, clamping the tail ends of the tenebrio molitor which are taken off heads and extruded out viscera and body fluid by using tweezers, extending the head ends to the mouths of the young bat feeding insects to let the young bat feeding insects lick the viscera and the body fluid, and timely delivering the tenebrio molitor into the mouths to let the young bat feeding insects chew after the mouth of the young bat feeding insects is widened. The method is characterized in that the larva of the yellow mealworm is fed to the bat larva by sucking viscera and body fluid of the yellow mealworm larva for 3-5 days, 1-3 larvae are fed to each bat larva, and the bat larva is returned to the bat rearing cage to be in the same cage with the parent bat larva after feeding. Feeding 1-3 drops of pure milk by using a suction pipe while feeding the larva of the tenebrio molitor with the bat and the larva of the tenebrio molitor. Since the bat is eaten in the evening and at night, the situation that young bats of the bat eat the tenebrio molitor larvae needs to be remotely observed by means of the night vision camera, and the manual feeding is stopped after the young tenebrio molitor larvae can be automatically eaten by the young tenebrio molitor larvae. Separating the young bat from the parent bat after leaving milk for 2-3 weeks.

Step 6, breeding the larva bat: feeding weaned baby bats in separate cages, wherein 3-5 bats are fed in each cage. The method is that pure milk is filled into a drinking bottle of the bat feeding cage, so that the bats can drink freely and change daily until overwintering. The first overwintering method of the larva bat is the same as the hibernation and revival step in the step 3. Feeding 1 time of pure milk for the first overwintering by 2-3 days except feeding the tenebrio molitor larvae by the young bat after the first overwintering until the second overwintering. The second overwintering method is the same as the hibernation and revival steps in the step 3. The larva of the bat after the second overwintering revival is 3 years old and gradually develops to sexual maturity, and the larva can be used as a parent bat to implement the step 4.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. if the newly purchased commercial yellow mealworm larvae are fed with the bat immediately, the bat growth and development obstacles can be caused after long-term feeding, the newly purchased commercial yellow mealworm is fed for 2 weeks and then refrigerated for 2 weeks through the method, and then the bat is fed after being fed for 3 days at room temperature, so that the bat of the insect can grow healthily under the condition of artificial feeding, and the artificial domestication of the wild bat of the insect becomes possible.

2. Under the condition of artificial feeding, if the ambient temperature for feeding the bats is not controlled or the temperature is not controlled, the bats cannot automatically enter hibernation, and the hibernation is an indispensable important link for the growth, development and propagation of the bats. Under the condition of manual control, the temperature of the feeding environment for the bat of the feeding insects is gradually reduced in the last 10 months, so that the bat of the feeding insects enters a hibernation state, and the temperature of the feeding environment for the bat of the feeding insects is gradually increased in the middle 3 months of the next year so that the bat of the feeding insects revives, thereby ensuring the safe overwintering of the bat of the feeding insects and creating conditions for the artificial breeding of the bat of the feeding insects.

3. The invention selects proper parent bat of the insect-eating bat and matches the bat in a proper proportion, so that the bat of the insect-eating bat can be successfully propagated, and the propagation rate of the invention reaches 84 percent.

4. After the feeding bat is born and breast-fed for 1 month, the artificial feeding is carried out on yellow mealworm larvae and pure milk in time, the survival rate of the young larvae is improved, and the survival rate of the young larvae reaches 86 percent.

In a word, the technical method of the invention can lead the wild bat of the feeding insect to grow, develop and breed successfully under the condition of artificial feeding, and lays a foundation for establishing a new experimental animal model for scientific research and application.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples for the purpose of facilitating understanding and practice of the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art, and it is to be understood that the present invention has been described in the illustrative embodiments and is not to be construed as limited thereto.

Example 1:

taking artificial breeding of the big-foot rat ear bat (Mytoisrickti) as an example, the artificial breeding method of the wild bat with the insect is described, which comprises the steps of preparing feed for the bat with the insect, domesticating the parent big-foot rat ear bat, overwintering the big-foot rat ear bat, artificially breeding the big-foot rat ear bat, weaning the young big-foot rat ear bat, breeding the young big-foot rat ear bat and the like.

Step 1, preparing the bat feed for feeding insects: 10kg of externally purchased tenebrio molitor larvae are equally divided into 5 parts and placed in a feeding box, and each box is 2 kg. Removing the yellow mealworm pupae and imagoes mixed in the yellow mealworm larvae, feeding yellow mealworm feed to the yellow mealworm larvae on the first day of the first week, feeding 1kg of yellow mealworm feed to 1kg of yellow mealworm feed every time according to 1kg of yellow mealworm, feeding 1kg of yellow mealworm feed to 1kg of yellow mealworm on the 3 rd day of the first week, simultaneously feeding 0.5kg of chopped potatoes to 1 time by 1kg of yellow mealworm feed to the yellow mealworm on the first and third days of the second week, screening out yellow mealworm excrement by using a sieve on the third week, putting the yellow mealworm larvae into a box, storing the box in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, wherein the stacking thickness of the yellow mealworm in the box is not more than 2cm, and the box is open. The refrigerator door is opened 1-2 times per week for ventilation, each time for 1 min, depending on the amount of tenebrio molitor larvae stored in the refrigerator. The tenebrio molitor larvae after being refrigerated and stored for 2 weeks are taken out and placed at room temperature, 0.5kg of tenebrio molitor feed and 0.25kg of potatoes cut into small pieces are added into every 1kg of tenebrio molitor, and the tenebrio molitor larvae after being fed for 3 days can be fed with the bat for feeding the tenebrio molitor.

mass fraction of raw material

Wheat bran 700

Corn flour 240

50 parts of soybean flour

Salt 5

21 gold vitamin 5

Step 2, domesticating the parent stock big-foot rat ear bat: after catching the carps of the podophyllum in a wild cave, 50 healthy and undamaged bats in the catching process are selected, wherein 15 males and 35 females are selected. And on the 2 nd day, the fish is transported back from a capture place, and water is required to be added into a transportation cage during transportation for the cage to drink. Since the wild big-foot rat ear bats do not actively feed the tenebrio molitor larvae, the wild big-foot rat ear bats need to manually domesticate and feed one by one and slowly induce the wild big-foot rat ear bats to feed the tenebrio molitor larvae. When feeding, one person wears the glove for preventing animals from biting to fix the big foot rat ear and bat, the head of the tenebrio molitor larva is removed by one person with tweezers, the viscera and body fluid of the tenebrio molitor larva are slightly squeezed out, then the tail end of the tenebrio molitor larva is clamped by the tweezers, and the head end is extended to the mouth of the bat to let the bat lick with mouth opening. After being skilled, the feed can be fed by one person. In general, the big foot rat ear bat extends out of the tongue to lick, and once the big foot rat ear bat tastes the taste of the internal organs, the mouth of the big foot rat ear bat is opened, and then the body of the yellow mealworm larva is placed into the mouth of the big foot rat ear bat to chew the big foot rat ear bat. A small number of bat licking without opening mouth can be fed slowly after the mouth is slightly pried from the corner of mouth by using tweezers, so that the bat does not injure the oral cavity of the bat. After 3-5 tenebrio molitor larvae are fed by the carps of the big-foot rat, the complete tenebrio molitor larvae can be fed without removing heads and extruding viscera and body fluid. Then, the big-foot rat ear bats are placed into the feeding cage for the insect-eating bat rearing, the yellow mealworm larvae are placed into the feeding box in the feeding cage for the insect-eating bat rearing, the drinking bottle filled with sterilized tap water is inserted, and the door of the feeding cage for the insect-eating bat rearing is closed. The flour weevil feed is fed for 1 time in the afternoon every day, each lug bat of the big-foot rat feeds 5-10 yellow mealworms every time, too many yellow mealworms cannot be fed once, the bat of the yellow mealworms is in a hungry state, and the bat of the yellow mealworms is promoted to independently forage for the yellow mealworms, so that the success rate of independently eating the yellow mealworms is increased. Whether the bat is fed or not is observed through the night vision camera at night, or the residual amount of the tenebrio molitor larvae in the feeding box is observed on the next day so as to judge the independent feeding condition of the bat. The live tenebrio molitor can be fed to the stock of the big-foot rat ear bat by self after 5 days. After self-feeding, the yellow mealworm larvae are added into the feeding box every day, and each bat needs about 1-6g of the yellow mealworm larvae every day. During domestication, environmental parameters are controlled as follows: setting the temperature to 23 +/-2 ℃ in 6-8 months and setting the temperature to 20 +/-2 ℃ in 9-10 months; humidity is set to 60% + -10%; the number of air changes was set to 12 times/hour; the noise is controlled below 55 dB; the light illumination intensity in the daytime is 15lx, no light is emitted at night, and the light and shade alternation time is 12 hours.

Step 3, the overwintering method of the big-foot rat ear bats comprises the following steps: the hibernation step is carried out from 10 months of the year, the temperature of the bat breeding room is reduced by 1 +/-0.5 ℃ every week from 20 +/-1 ℃, and the hibernation step is continuously carried out for 8 weeks to 12 +/-1 ℃. When the temperature is lower than 15 deg.C, bat movement and feed intake are reduced, and when the temperature reaches 12 + -1 deg.C, the stock of the big-foot mouse ear is in hibernation state, and feeding is stopped. Before all the bats of the feeding insects fall into hibernation, feeding the bats with food and water as usual. During hibernation, the supply of feed and drinking water should be ensured to avoid individual bats from foraging after waking up for various reasons during hibernation. Avoid the artificial interference as much as possible, the number of times of ventilation is adjusted to 5 times/hour, and the humidity is 60%. The bat is observed to move and feed and drink through the night vision camera, and the bat is carefully treated in a feeding room when abnormal conditions or yellow mealworm larvae and drinking water need to be added are discovered. And (3) performing a reviving step in the middle ten days of the next year, starting to gradually increase the temperature of the breeding room when the outside air temperature rises to 12 +/-1 ℃ which is close to the temperature of the bat breeding room, increasing the temperature by 1 ℃ every Monday, and continuously increasing the temperature by 8 weeks to 20 ℃. The ventilation frequency is increased 2 times every 2 weeks during the temperature rise period, and the humidity is maintained at 60%. Closely observing whether the carps of the big foot rat revive or not, and feeding food and water in time. The noise is controlled below 55 dB; the illuminance of the lamp light in the daytime is 15lx, no light is emitted at night, and the alternating time of light and shade is 12 hours.

Step 4, artificial breeding of the carps of the podocarpus: in 6 months, 35 mature bats are selected from the successfully domesticated podocarpus giganteus as parent bats, wherein 10 male bats are selected, and 25 female bats are selected. 10 insect-feeding bat rearing cages are prepared, wherein 1 male bat and 2 female bats are placed in each cage of 5 cages, and 1 male bat and 3 female bats are placed in each cage of 5 cages. The tenebrio molitor larvae treated in step 1 and sterilized tap water were fed while the room temperature was set to 23 ℃. And in 8-9 months, the male and female podophyllum otorhinoceros bat begins to generate mating behavior, and the temperature is set to be 20 ℃. From 10 late ten days of the year to 3 middle days of the next year, enabling the stock of the podocarpus to live through the winter and wake up according to the hibernation step of the step 3. The carps of the big foot rat are born successively at 6 months in the next year, and 21 animals are born in total, wherein 8 animals are male and 13 animals are female. After the bat farrowing, pure milk is added to feed the stock of the big-foot rat ear, and the milk bottle is changed every day. Room humidity is 60%; the indoor ventilation frequency is 12 times/hour; the noise is controlled below 55 dB; the illumination intensity in the daytime is 15lx, no illumination is provided at night, and the alternating time of light and shade is 12 hours.

Step 5, weaning the young carps of the podocarpus: after 1 month of lactation, selecting newly molted tenebrio molitor larvae, removing heads, extruding out viscera and body fluid, clamping the tail ends of the tenebrio molitor with forceps, extending the head ends to the mouth side of the stock of the big-foot mouse ear bat to lick the tenebrio molitor, starting for several days, sucking the viscera and the body fluid of the tenebrio molitor larvae only by the stock of the big-foot mouse ear bat, chewing the tenebrio molitor larvae after 3-5 days continuously, feeding 1-3 tenebrio molitor larvae every time, and feeding 1-3 drops of pure milk by a suction pipe. After feeding, the young stock of the big-foot rat ear is returned to the cage and is also in the same cage as the mother big-foot rat ear bat. And remotely observing the condition that the young carps of the podophyllum tenue are fed with the tenebrio molitor larvae by means of the night vision camera at night, and stopping manual feeding after observing that the young carps of the podophyllum tenue can independently feed the tenebrio molitor larvae. After 3 weeks of weaning, the young stock of the stock ear was separated from the mother stock bat of the stock ear. In the period, 1 male podophyllum otophyllum larva dies, 2 female podophyllum otophyllum larva dies, and the survival rate of the larva is 86%.

Step 6, breeding the young carps of the podocarpus into the feed: breeding the young stock of the weaned big-foot rat ear separately, and placing 4 male stocks in 1 cage and 3 male stocks in 1 cage; females received 3 cages, 2 of which contained 4 and 1 and 3 per cage. Besides feeding yellow meal worm larva and normal water, feeding pure milk every day until overwintering. The first overwintering method of the weaned big-foot rat ear baby is the same as the hibernation and revival step in the step 3. Feeding 1 time of pure milk for every two weeks and five weeks after overwintering to the young stock of the podophyllum vulgare ear except for feeding the flour weevil until the stock is overwintering again, wherein the method for overwintering for the second time is the same as the steps of hibernation and revival in the step 3. After the adult daucus giganteus bat is revived through winter again, the daucus giganteus bat is aged for 3 years and gradually matured, and 6 male daucus giganteus bats and 10 female daucus giganteus bats are obtained. And (3) taking the 16 daucus giganteus ear bats as parent bats according to the feeding method and the environmental parameter control in the step (4), and entering the next cycle.

The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. An artificial breeding method of wild bat of predatory insects, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, preparing the bat feed for feeding insects: removing pupa and imago of Tenebrio molitor mixed in Tenebrio molitor larva, feeding 1kg Tenebrio molitor larva with 1kg Tenebrio molitor larva on the first day of the first week, feeding 1kg Tenebrio molitor larva with 1kg Tenebrio molitor fodder on the third day of the first week, feeding 0.5kg of chopped melon and fruit or vegetable with 1 time with 1kg Tenebrio molitor larva, feeding 1kg Tenebrio molitor larva with 1kg Tenebrio molitor larva fodder on the first and third days of the second week, screening out feces of Tenebrio molitor larva with a sieve in the third week, placing Tenebrio molitor larva in a box, refrigerating and storing at 4 + -1 deg.C, wherein the stacking thickness of Tenebrio molitor in the box is not more than 2cm, opening the box, taking out after refrigerating and storing for 2 weeks, feeding 1kg Tenebrio molitor fodder,

step 2, domesticating parent insect-eating bat: selecting captured healthy bat of tenebrio molitor, clamping the tail end of tenebrio molitor larva with forceps, removing head and squeezing viscera and body fluid, extending the head end to the mouth of the bat, allowing the bat to lick viscera and body fluid, feeding the tenebrio molitor larva into the mouth in time after the bat is opened, allowing the bat to chew, repeating the steps for many times, feeding the bat with the complete tenebrio molitor larva once every afternoon, feeding 5-10 tenebrio molitors for each bat, feeding the sterilized tap water by a straw during feeding, and after feeding, the bat feeding insects are put into a bat feeding cage, a drinking bottle is inserted into the bat feeding cage, adding living yellow mealworms into a feeding box of a bat feeding cage, stopping manual feeding after manually feeding for 3-7 days, adding yellow mealworm larvae into the feeding box every day, and controlling the environmental parameters of a bat feeding room during domestication as follows: setting the temperature to 23 +/-2 ℃ in 6-8 months and setting the temperature to 20 +/-2 ℃ in 9-10 months; humidity is set to 60% + -10%; the number of air changes was set to 12 times/hour; the noise is controlled below 55 dB; the illumination intensity in the daytime is 15lx, no illumination is provided at night, the alternating time of light and shade is 12 hours,

step 3, artificial overwintering of the bat with the insect eating: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out artificial hibernation in the last 10 th ten days of the year: starting from the temperature of the bat breeding room being 20 +/-1 ℃, reducing the temperature by 1 +/-0.5 ℃ every week, continuously reducing the temperature for 8 weeks until the temperature of the bat breeding room being 12 +/-1 ℃, enabling the bat to enter a hibernation state, feeding food and water as usual before all the bat with the insect enter the hibernation state, keeping the temperature of the bat breeding room being 12 +/-1 ℃ to 3 months in the next year, and implementing a waking step: adjusting the temperature of the bat breeding room to 1 +/-0.5 ℃ every week, continuously adjusting the temperature of the bat breeding room to 20 +/-1 ℃ for 8 weeks, keeping the humidity of the bat breeding room to 60 +/-10 percent during the hibernation period, changing the air frequency to 5-15 times/hour, keeping the noise to be less than or equal to 55dB, alternating the light and the shade every 12 hours, and keeping the illuminance of the lamp light to be 10-20 lx,

step 4, artificial propagation of bat: in 6-8 months per year, selecting parent bat from successfully domesticated bat, feeding the bat in the same bat feeding cage according to a male-female set proportion, feeding the tenebrio molitor larvae and sterilized tap water which are processed in the step 1, controlling the temperature in the bat feeding room to be 23 +/-2 ℃, controlling the temperature in the bat feeding room to be gradually hibernated and revived by the steps of hibernation and reviving from 8-9 months in the current year, starting mating behavior for the male and female bat in 10 th days in the current year to 3 rd days in the next year according to the steps of hibernation and reviving in the step 3, controlling the parent bat to begin to produce eggs in 5-6 months in the next year, feeding pure milk after the bat produces eggs, controlling the humidity of the bat feeding room to be 60% +/-10%, controlling the ventilation frequency to be 5-15 times/hour, controlling the noise to be less than or equal to 55dB, and alternately changing light and dark every 12 hours, the illuminance is 10 to 20lx when the light is irradiated,

step 5, weaning the bat young larvae: after breast feeding the larva bat and young larva bat for one month, manually feeding the larva bat and young larva bat with tenebrio molitor, which specifically comprises the following steps: selecting newly molted tenebrio molitor larvae, clamping the tail ends of the tenebrio molitor which are decapitated and squeeze out viscera and body fluid by using tweezers, extending the head ends to the mouths of the tenebrio molitor bats, allowing the tenebrio molitor bats to lick the viscera and the body fluid, sending the tenebrio molitor into the mouth in time after the mouth of the tenebrio molitor bats is enlarged, allowing the tenebrio molitor bats to chew, feeding 1-3 larvae per time after 3-5 days, feeding 1-3 drops of pure milk by using a suction pipe while feeding the tenebrio bats into the tenebrio bats rearing cage, stopping manual feeding after the tenebrio bats are observed to be capable of automatically feeding the tenebrio molitor bats, separating the tenebrio molitor bats from parent bats after the tenebrio bats are separated from milk for 2-3 weeks,

step 6, breeding the larva bat: feeding weaned larva bat breeding cages in a female-male split cage manner, feeding 3-5 larva bat breeding cages with pure milk every day until the larva bat breeding cages overwinter, feeding the larva bat breeding cages with pure milk for the first time in the same hibernation and revival step of the step 3, feeding the larva bat breeding cages with pure milk for 1 time at intervals of 2-3 days after the first overwinter until the second overwinter, feeding the larva bat breeding cages with pure milk for the second time in the same hibernation and revival step of the step 3, and taking the larva bat revived for the second time as a parent bat.

2. The artificial breeding method of wild bat of predatory insects as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

3. the artificial breeding method of wild bat of predatory insects as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, the refrigerator door is opened 1-2 times per week for ventilation and 1 minute each time during the cold storage period.

4. The artificial breeding method of wild bat of predatory insects as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, the ratio of the male to the female is set to be 1: 1-4.