CN112201935A - Structure and method for feeding broadband planar antenna by using flexible coplanar waveguide - Google Patents

Structure and method for feeding broadband planar antenna by using flexible coplanar waveguide Download PDF

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CN112201935A
CN112201935A CN202011059786.6A CN202011059786A CN112201935A CN 112201935 A CN112201935 A CN 112201935A CN 202011059786 A CN202011059786 A CN 202011059786A CN 112201935 A CN112201935 A CN 112201935A
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coplanar waveguide
antenna
flexible
feeding
flexible coplanar
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CN112201935B (en
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张永伟
施佺
吕先洋
许致火
施佳佳
武强
孙美
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Nantong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention discloses a structure for feeding a broadband antenna by using flexible coplanar waveguides, which comprises a broadband planar antenna, two groups of flexible coplanar waveguides, two bent transmission lines and a common ground, wherein the broadband antenna is fed by using the flexible coplanar waveguides, the broadband planar antenna comprises a pair of two antennas which are mutually cross-polarized, each group of flexible coplanar waveguides comprises three flexible coplanar waveguide lines, each broadband planar antenna, one group of flexible coplanar waveguides, one bent transmission line and a common loop form a group, one end of each flexible coplanar waveguide is connected with a differential input end of one antenna, the other end of each flexible coplanar waveguide extends to the public underground and provides single-end feeding, and the two groups of flexible coplanar waveguides form an X shape to realize common-point feeding. The structure for feeding the broadband antenna by using the flexible coplanar waveguide can realize the conversion from differential to single-end feeding of the broadband antenna, and the flexible design ensures that the connecting end of the coplanar waveguide and the antenna can use conductive adhesive, thereby avoiding high-cost materials needing to bear high-temperature welding.

Description

Structure and method for feeding broadband planar antenna by using flexible coplanar waveguide
Technical Field
The invention relates to a structure and a method for realizing feeding of a broadband planar array antenna by using flexible coplanar waveguide, belonging to the technical field of microwave.
Background
Planar antennas have many applications, such as communications, traffic, and radio astronomy, and especially wide-band, dual-polarization, and wide-angle antenna arrays have been widely demanded in recent years. However, such structures are generally differential structures and most have a directional requirement, so that one side of the antenna needs to have a common ground to improve the directivity. In order to integrate the antenna array and the rf front end conveniently, it is necessary to feed at the other end of the antenna common ground, rather than at the side close to the antenna, so how to implement feeding at the common ground end at a certain distance from the antenna becomes a difficult point of using a planar antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a structure and a method for feeding a broadband planar antenna by using a flexible coplanar waveguide, which aim to solve the conversion from differential to single-ended feeding of a planar array antenna.
The technical scheme is as follows: a structure for feeding a broadband planar antenna by using flexible coplanar waveguides comprises a planar dual-polarized antenna, two pairs of flexible coplanar waveguides, two bent transmission lines and a common ground, wherein the planar antenna is fed by using the flexible coplanar waveguides, the planar antenna comprises two antennas which are mutually cross-polarized, each group of flexible coplanar waveguides comprises three flexible coplanar waveguide lines, one planar antenna, one flexible coplanar waveguide, one bent transmission line and the common ground form a group of loops, one end of each flexible coplanar waveguide is connected with a differential input end of one antenna, and the other end of each flexible coplanar waveguide extends to the common ground to provide single-ended output. The flexible coplanar waveguide line in the middle of the flexible coplanar waveguide is connected with one side of a pair of radiators of an antenna, and the grounds of two sides of the coplanar waveguide are connected with the other side of the pair of radiators of the antenna. The antenna radiators on the side opposite the coplanar waveguide are connected to a common ground by a curved transmission line. The flexible coplanar waveguide lines between the two groups of coplanar waveguides which are mutually vertically crossed and the transmission line loop are staggered in height to form an X shape, thereby realizing the feed of the dual-polarized antenna.
Furthermore, the flexible coplanar waveguide and the curved transmission line have a curvature, the curved paths of the flexible coplanar waveguide and the curved transmission line respectively conform to the shapes of two ellipses, the length of the flexible coplanar waveguide and the curved transmission line is 1/4 ellipses, one end of each of the flexible coplanar waveguide and the curved transmission line is an upper vertex of each ellipse, and the other end of each of the flexible coplanar waveguide and the curved transmission line is a left vertex and a right vertex of.
Further, the flexible coplanar waveguide lines in the middle of the two sets of loops perpendicularly cross.
Further, the material of the coplanar waveguide is a flexible material.
Further, the flexible material is polyester fiber or other bendable materials.
Further, the thickness of the coplanar waveguide is between about 50 microns and 0.25mm or other thickness that can be bent without damage.
Further, the coplanar waveguide is fixed to a feeding point of the planar antenna using a conductive paste.
Furthermore, the bending degree of the coplanar waveguide is determined according to the frequency of loop resonance and the available frequency band, the electrical length of the formed loop is greater than the wavelength corresponding to the high frequency point of the working frequency band, and the loop length formed by the coplanar waveguide, the transmission line corresponding to the coplanar waveguide and the partial section of the antenna on the public ground is smaller than the wavelength corresponding to the highest working frequency.
A method of feeding a broadband planar array antenna using a flexible coplanar waveguide, comprising the steps of:
step 1), confirming a working frequency band, and determining input impedance of a differential section;
step 2), determining the size of the coplanar waveguide at the differential antenna end according to the step 1;
step 3), extending the radian of the coplanar waveguide to the public underground;
and 4), adjusting the impedance of the output end of the flexible coplanar waveguide (CPW).
Has the advantages that: the invention relates to a structure for realizing the feed of a broadband antenna by using a flexible coplanar waveguide, which realizes the conversion of a planar antenna from differential to single-ended feed; the coplanar waveguide adopts a flexible bending structure to realize the feeding of the dual-polarized antenna at the same point by longitudinal crossing, the bending degree of the coplanar waveguide wire ensures that the frequency of resonance caused by a loop is out of the available frequency band, and the loop path formed by the flexible coplanar waveguide and the bending transmission line is adjustable, so that the resonance frequency can be moved out of the working frequency band. The bending transmission line symmetrical to the coplanar waveguide is an important component for eliminating loop resonance caused by the feeder line; the bendable coplanar waveguide line is fixed at the feed point of the antenna by using the conductive adhesive, so that the use of high-temperature resistant materials and welding can be avoided, and the cost is saved.
The dimensions of the flexible coplanar waveguide and the corresponding curved transmission line, such as the length of the loop formed, can be adjusted and optimized with the operating frequency of the antenna, and the loop length formed above the common ground should be less than the wavelength corresponding to the highest operating frequency of the desired feed antenna. The lower case is for example 1-4GHz and the loop formed above the common ground has a length of about 75mm, corresponding exactly to the wavelength corresponding to the high frequency point of the operating band in this case.
The antenna array with low cost is manufactured by combining the flexible coplanar waveguide line and the planar antenna, the printing and silk-screen technology can be completely used, and an expensive circuit board manufacturing process is not needed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a planar array plus flexible coplanar waveguide feed and symmetrical ground transmission line;
FIG. 2(a) is a flexible coplanar waveguide path diagram and (b) is a coplanar waveguide cross-section;
FIG. 3 is a graph of reflection coefficients before and after an antenna plus a flexible coplanar waveguide having symmetrically curved transmission lines corresponding thereto;
FIG. 4 illustrates a method of connecting a flexible coplanar waveguide to a symmetrically curved transmission line to an antenna end;
FIG. 5 is a flexible coplanar waveguide without a symmetrically curved transmission line;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of a symmetrically curved transmission line, effectively shifting the resonance at 3.03GHz above 4 GHz;
FIG. 7 is a loop formed by a flexible coplanar waveguide and a symmetric transmission line;
FIG. 8 is a reflection coefficient with symmetrically grounded transmission lines at different locations;
fig. 9 shows the mutual coupling between dual-polarized antennas, the symmetric curved transmission lines are at different positions, the resonant high frequency point is 4.1GHz, and the resonant low frequency point is 3.8 GHz.
Figure 10 is a connection between a flexible coplanar waveguide and a desired feed antenna.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
as shown in fig. 1, the present invention discloses a circuit for feeding a broadband antenna by using flexible coplanar waveguides, taking the implementation of feeding a pair of planar antennas with cross polarization as an example, the circuit comprises a broadband antenna to be fed, two sets of flexible coplanar waveguides, two curved transmission lines, and a common ground, wherein the broadband antenna is fed by using the flexible coplanar waveguides, the broadband antenna comprises a pair of planar antennas with cross polarization, each set of flexible coplanar waveguides comprises three flexible coplanar waveguide lines, a pair of radiators of each antenna, a set of flexible coplanar waveguides, a curved transmission line, and a common loop are formed, one end of each flexible coplanar waveguide is connected with a differential input end of the antenna to be fed, and the other end of each flexible coplanar waveguide extends to the public ground to provide a single-ended output. The flexible coplanar waveguide line in the middle of the flexible coplanar waveguide is connected with one radiator of the broadband antenna in the loop, and the ground of the coplanar waveguide is connected with the other radiator of the broadband antenna. The radiator of the antenna opposite to the coplanar waveguide is connected with a common ground through a bent transmission line, and the flexible coplanar waveguide lines in the middle of the two groups of loops are staggered in height to form an X shape, so that the feed of the dual-polarized antenna to the same point is realized; the flexible coplanar waveguide and the curved transmission line have curvatures, the curved paths of the flexible coplanar waveguide and the curved transmission line respectively conform to the shapes of two ellipses, the length of the flexible coplanar waveguide and the curved transmission line is 1/4 ellipses, one ends of the flexible coplanar waveguide and the curved transmission line are upper vertexes of the ellipses, and the other ends of the flexible coplanar waveguide and the curved transmission line are left vertexes and right vertexes of the ellip; the coplanar waveguide is made of flexible material; the flexible material is polyester fiber or other bendable materials; the thickness of the coplanar waveguide is between about 50 microns and 0.25mm or other low loss bendable thickness; the coplanar waveguide is fixed at a feed point of the broadband antenna by using conductive adhesive; the bending degree of the coplanar waveguide is determined according to the frequency and the available frequency band of the loop resonance, and the loop length formed by the flexible coplanar waveguide and the corresponding bending transmission line and the partial section of the antenna on the public ground is smaller than the wavelength corresponding to the highest working frequency of the required feed antenna.
A method of feeding a broadband planar array antenna using a flexible coplanar waveguide, comprising the steps of:
step 1), setting a working frequency band, and determining input impedance of a differential section; and determining the working frequency band of the coplanar waveguide according to the working frequency band of the required feed antenna.
Step 2), determining the size of the coplanar waveguide at the differential antenna end according to the step 1; the input impedance of the antenna is determined by the structure of the antenna, and the width of the middle transmission line of the coplanar waveguide and the distance from the middle transmission line to the two sides of the ground are determined as the basis of the design of the coplanar waveguide. The specific calculation method is as follows
Figure BDA0002711953390000041
Figure BDA0002711953390000042
Figure BDA0002711953390000043
Figure BDA0002711953390000044
Figure BDA0002711953390000045
Wherein wt is coplanarThe line width of the middle guide line of the waveguide, wg is the line width of the ground lines at two sides of the coplanar waveguide, g is the distance between the middle guide line and the ground line of the coplanar waveguide, epsilonrIs the relative dielectric constant of the substrate material, k', εreZ is the characteristic impedance of the waveguide transmission line for the intermediate variable.
Taking the 120 ohm differential input impedance of the planar antenna as an example, to satisfy this condition, the parameters of the coplanar waveguide design are shown in table one.
Parameter setting of coplanar waveguide of meter-feed 1-4GHz working frequency band antenna
Figure BDA0002711953390000046
Step 3), extending the radian of the coplanar waveguide to the public underground; ensuring that the length of a loop formed by the overground part is smaller than the wavelength corresponding to the highest working frequency of the required feed antenna;
as shown in fig. 2, a is 7.5mm, b is 14mm, c is 7mm, and h is 29mm, the effective length of the entire loop above the common ground is 75.27mm, the corresponding frequency is 4GHz, and is the upper limit of the operating frequency. If the effective length of the loop is extended to 79.77mm, which corresponds to a frequency of 3.76GHz, a resonance (3.8GHz) will be observed in the operating band, as shown in fig. 8, and therefore the loop length of the above ground portion should be smaller than the wavelength corresponding to the highest operating frequency.
And 4), adjusting the impedance of the output end of the flexible coplanar waveguide (CPW).
The single-ended output impedance of the coplanar waveguide at the common ground can be designed according to step 1) according to specific needs, for example, the most common 50 ohms, and the parameters can be set as follows: wt. 3mm, g 0.15 mm.
FIG. 1 is a general schematic diagram of coplanar waveguide and symmetrical transmission line for feeding broadband planar antenna
As shown in FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b), the parameters of the flexible coplanar waveguide design are determined by the profile and corresponding length of the coplanar waveguide and its corresponding curved transmission line respectively defined by two ellipses 1/4, and as shown, the partial section of the antenna, the coplanar waveguide and the symmetrical transmission line form a loop
As shown in fig. 3, coplanar waveguide feeding was performed for a broadband antenna, and the reflection coefficients before and after the antenna was fed with or without a feeding portion were compared.
As shown in fig. 4 and 10, the coplanar waveguide and the symmetrical transmission line may be connected at the antenna end by attaching a conductive adhesive.
As shown in FIG. 5, the coplanar waveguide has no symmetrical transmission line
Fig. 6, 8 and 9 show the effect of the symmetrical transmission lines on the performance of the coplanar waveguide, and the length of the loop formed by the coplanar waveguide and the symmetrical transmission lines corresponds to the resonant frequency caused by the waveguide feeding.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a loop formed by coplanar waveguides, corresponding curved transmission lines and antenna segments
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A structure for feeding a broadband antenna by using flexible coplanar waveguides is characterized by comprising a broadband planar antenna, two groups of flexible coplanar waveguides and two bent transmission lines, the broadband antenna is fed by using a flexible coplanar waveguide, the broadband planar antenna comprises a pair of two antennas which are mutually cross-polarized, each group of flexible coplanar waveguide comprises three flexible coplanar waveguide lines, each broadband planar antenna, one group of flexible coplanar waveguides, one bending transmission line and a group of loops are formed in a public mode, one end of each flexible coplanar waveguide is connected with a differential input end of one antenna, the other end of each flexible coplanar waveguide extends to the public underground and provides single-ended feeding, the ground wires on two sides of each flexible coplanar waveguide are connected to the differential feeding input end of the antenna and tightly attached to one end of the coplanar waveguide, and the flexible coplanar waveguide line in the middle of each flexible coplanar waveguide is connected with the other end of the differential feeding input end of the antenna; the antenna end connected with the waveguide line in the middle of the coplanar waveguide is connected to a common ground through a bent transmission line, and is used for realizing the high-low staggering of the flexible coplanar waveguide line in the middle of the two groups of loops of dual polarization to form an X shape so as to realize the common-point feeding of the dual-polarization antenna.
2. A structure for feeding a broadband planar array antenna using a flexible coplanar waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flexible coplanar waveguide and the curved transmission line have curvatures whose curved paths conform to the shapes of two ellipses, respectively, the flexible coplanar waveguide has a contour of 1/4 ellipses, one end of each of which is an upper vertex of the respective ellipse, and the other end of each of which is a left vertex and a right vertex of the respective ellipse.
3. A structure for feeding a broadband planar array antenna using a flexible coplanar waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flexible coplanar waveguide lines in the middle of the two loops cross perpendicularly.
4. A structure for feeding a broadband planar antenna using a flexible coplanar waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of the coplanar waveguide is a flexible material.
5. A structure for feeding a broadband planar antenna using a flexible coplanar waveguide as set forth in claim 3 wherein the flexible material is polyester.
6. A structure for feeding a broadband planar antenna using a flexible coplanar waveguide as set forth in claim 3 wherein the thickness of the coplanar waveguide is between about 50 microns and 0.25mm or other thickness that achieves low loss bending.
7. A structure for feeding a broadband planar antenna using a flexible coplanar waveguide as claimed in claim 4, wherein the coplanar waveguide is fixed to the feeding point of the planar antenna using a conductive glue.
8. A structure for feeding a broadband planar antenna using a flexible coplanar waveguide as set forth in claim 2, wherein the degree of curvature of the coplanar waveguide is determined according to the frequency of the loop resonance and the available frequency band, the electrical length of the loop formed is longer than the wavelength corresponding to the high frequency point of the operating frequency band, and the loop length of the coplanar waveguide and the transmission line corresponding thereto formed above the common ground with the partial section of the antenna is shorter than the wavelength corresponding to the highest operating frequency.
9. A method of feeding a broadband planar array antenna using a flexible coplanar waveguide, comprising the steps of:
step 1), setting a working frequency band, and determining input impedance of a differential section; determining the working frequency band of the coplanar waveguide according to the working frequency band of the feed antenna required;
step 2), determining the size of the coplanar waveguide at the differential antenna end according to the step 1; the input impedance of the antenna is determined by the structure of the antenna, and the width of the middle transmission line of the coplanar waveguide and the distance from the middle transmission line to the two sides of the ground are determined as the basis of the design of the coplanar waveguide, and the specific calculation method is as follows:
Figure FDA0002711953380000021
Figure FDA0002711953380000022
Figure FDA0002711953380000023
Figure FDA0002711953380000024
Figure FDA0002711953380000025
wherein wt is the line width of the middle wire of the coplanar waveguide, wg is the line width of the ground wires at two sides of the coplanar waveguide, g is the distance between the middle wire and the ground wire of the coplanar waveguide, and epsilonrIs the relative dielectric constant of the substrate material, k', εreIs an intermediate variable, and Z is the waveguide transmission line characteristic impedance;
step 3), extending the radian of the coplanar waveguide to the public underground;
and 4), adjusting the impedance of the output end of the flexible coplanar waveguide (CPW).
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5748153A (en) * 1994-11-08 1998-05-05 Northrop Grumman Corporation Flared conductor-backed coplanar waveguide traveling wave antenna
US20070097009A1 (en) * 2005-11-01 2007-05-03 Torres Alfonso R Planar slot antenna design using optically transmissive materials
EP2827448A1 (en) * 2013-07-16 2015-01-21 Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH Antenna element for wireless communication
US20190043919A1 (en) * 2018-06-20 2019-02-07 Intel Corporation Quantum circuit assemblies with at least partially buried transmission lines and capacitors
CN109672020A (en) * 2019-01-28 2019-04-23 上海电力学院 A kind of double trap flexible antennas of the ultra wide band of coplanar wave guide feedback

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5748153A (en) * 1994-11-08 1998-05-05 Northrop Grumman Corporation Flared conductor-backed coplanar waveguide traveling wave antenna
US20070097009A1 (en) * 2005-11-01 2007-05-03 Torres Alfonso R Planar slot antenna design using optically transmissive materials
EP2827448A1 (en) * 2013-07-16 2015-01-21 Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH Antenna element for wireless communication
US20190043919A1 (en) * 2018-06-20 2019-02-07 Intel Corporation Quantum circuit assemblies with at least partially buried transmission lines and capacitors
CN109672020A (en) * 2019-01-28 2019-04-23 上海电力学院 A kind of double trap flexible antennas of the ultra wide band of coplanar wave guide feedback

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