CN112197933A - Width-adjustable opening jet flow wind tunnel chamber and opening jet flow wind tunnel test method - Google Patents
Width-adjustable opening jet flow wind tunnel chamber and opening jet flow wind tunnel test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an opening jet flow wind tunnel parking chamber with adjustable width and an opening jet flow wind tunnel test method. The width-adjustable dwelling chamber can shift resonance to other wind speeds by reducing or increasing the width of the dwelling chamber under the condition of required test wind speed, so that the resonance of edge sound feedback and plane pressure standing waves in the width direction of the dwelling chamber is avoided, the aim of eliminating low-frequency pressure oscillation under the condition of required test wind speed is fulfilled, and the requirement of advanced aircrafts, high-speed trains and the like on high test wind speed of the open jet wind tunnel can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wind tunnel experiments, in particular to an opening jet flow wind tunnel dwelling room with adjustable width and an opening jet flow wind tunnel test method.
Background
The wind tunnel is a pipe with a certain contour, and generates controllable airflow through a test section channel by a manual method. The wind tunnel test is to place the flying object or its model in the artificial flow field of the wind tunnel test section, observe the flow state and measure the relevant physical quantity. The wind tunnel parking chamber is a place where the open jet wind tunnel measures a flying object or a model thereof, and the nozzle, the test section and the collector are all positioned in the parking chamber.
The low frequency pressure oscillation phenomenon is a ubiquitous phenomenon in open jet wind tunnels. The typical performance of the method is that under a specific test wind speed, strong low-frequency pressure pulsation with approximate single-frequency characteristics exists in wind tunnel jet flow and a resident room. The low frequency pressure pulsations destroy the flow field quality and the acoustic field quality, and seriously affect the accuracy of aerodynamic and aeroacoustic measurements. In order to develop high-quality aerodynamic and aerodynamic noise test research in an open jet wind tunnel, it is important to control the low-frequency oscillation of the jet wind tunnel and obtain relatively stable flow field and acoustic field test environments. In addition, energy loss is also caused by flow field and cavernous body structure oscillation caused by low-frequency pressure pulsation and vortex-sound interaction. Therefore, the low-frequency pressure pulsation is weakened or inhibited, and the method has positive significance for saving energy and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the opening jet flow wind tunnel. The low-frequency pressure oscillation phenomenon also commonly exists in an automobile wind tunnel with an opening of 3/4, and is one of the difficulties which need to be solved in the stages of wind tunnel design and construction.
On the other hand, with the rapid development of advanced aircrafts, high-speed trains and the like, the increase of the wind speed of the open jet wind tunnel test is urgently needed. And many open jet wind tunnels can not improve the test wind speed due to the low-frequency pressure oscillation phenomenon, for example, the low-frequency pressure pulsation phenomenon of an 8m multiplied by 6m wind tunnel of a German-Dutch wind tunnel mechanism (DNW) directly endangers the safety of a resident room structure at high wind speed, so that the maximum wind speed is limited below 80 m/s.
It is generally believed that the low frequency pressure oscillations of an open jet wind tunnel are derived from feedback oscillations (known as edge tone (edgetone) feedback oscillations or jet-collector feedback oscillations) generated by the interaction of coherent vortex structures within its shear layer with the jet collector. When the edge sound feedback frequency is close to a certain natural frequency existing in the wind tunnel structure, the edge sound feedback frequency and the natural frequency can generate resonance, so that the edge sound feedback oscillation is amplified to an extremely high level, huge fluid noise is caused, and the low-frequency pressure oscillation phenomenon in the whole resident chamber is serious. Among them, the resonance of the edge tone feedback and the planar pressure standing wave in the width direction of the standing chamber is a common resonance excitation mechanism. When the edge tone feedback resonates with the plane pressure standing wave in the width direction of the parking chamber, the wind speed of the wind tunnel test can be represented by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the test wind speed;
is the width of the chamber;
is the jet length, i.e. the length of the open test segment;
is the speed of sound;
、
is the modulus.
It can be seen that when the jet length is fixed, the test wind speed and the width of the parking chamber are in one-to-one correspondence when resonance occurs. Therefore, once the marginal sound feedback and the plane pressure standing wave resonance in the width direction of the parking chamber occur at the required test wind speed, the resonance can be shifted to other wind speeds by reducing or increasing the width of the parking chamber, and the aim of eliminating the low-frequency pressure oscillation under the condition of the required test wind speed is fulfilled.
The low-frequency pressure oscillation control measures at home and abroad mainly comprise structural shape optimization of a collector, a nozzle provided with a vortex generator and a standing room with an inclined side wall:
(1) the optimization of the collector structure shape usually requires repeated iterative design of time-consuming model wind tunnel experiments, and the modification of the collector usually affects the pressure distribution in the test area;
(2) the nozzle is provided with the vortex generator, so that an effective core test area of a test section is reduced, and high-frequency background noise is brought, which has great influence on acoustic measurement;
(3) although the resident chamber with the inclined side wall can effectively reduce the low-frequency pressure oscillation of the resident chamber and the test section, the structure of the resident chamber is fixed and unchanged, and the width of the resident chamber cannot be changed, so that the resident chamber can only reduce the low-frequency pressure oscillation within the existing test wind speed range, and cannot reduce the low-frequency pressure oscillation under the condition of higher test wind speed or lower test wind speed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an opening jet flow wind tunnel chamber with adjustable width and an opening jet flow wind tunnel test method, so as to solve the problems of the existing low-frequency pressure oscillation control measures.
The invention provides an opening jet flow wind tunnel dwelling chamber with adjustable width, which comprises a nozzle, a jet flow test section and a collector, wherein the dwelling chamber is the opening jet flow tunnel dwelling chamber with adjustable width.
Furthermore, one wall in the width direction of the adjustable-width chamber is movable.
Furthermore, two wall walls in the width direction of the adjustable-width chamber can move.
The invention also provides an open jet wind tunnel test method, which comprises the following steps: the width of the parking chamber is adjusted when the wind tunnel test is carried out.
Further, the method for adjusting the width of the parking chamber is to move a wall in the width direction of the adjustable width parking chamber.
Further, the method for adjusting the width of the parking chamber is to move two wall walls in the width direction of the adjustable width parking chamber.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the width-adjustable parking chamber can shift resonance to other wind speeds by reducing or increasing the width of the parking chamber under the condition of the required test wind speed, avoids the resonance between edge sound feedback and plane pressure standing waves in the width direction of the parking chamber, achieves the aim of eliminating low-frequency pressure oscillation under the condition of the required test wind speed, and can meet the requirements of advanced aircrafts or high-speed trains and the like on the high test wind speed of the open jet wind tunnel.
2. When the width-adjustable parking room is realized by modifying the conventional wind tunnel parking room, only one or two movable wall surfaces are required to be added in the width direction, so that the requirement of high test wind speed can be met with small modification change.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional view of an open jet wind tunnel chamber of a conventional fixed structure.
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of an adjustable width open jet wind tunnel plenum in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a top view of an adjustable width plenum in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a waveform of a far field pulse pressure time domain signal for a fixed width plenum and an adjustable width plenum.
FIG. 5 is a far field pulse pressure frequency domain signal waveform for a fixed width plenum and an adjustable width plenum.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
An existing open jet wind tunnel parking chamber is shown in fig. 1, the parking chamber comprises a nozzle, a jet flow test section and a collector, and during an open jet wind tunnel test, airflow flows out of the nozzle, passes through the jet flow test section and enters the collector. The coordinate axes of the embodiment are defined as follows: the origin is positioned at the geometric midpoint of the nozzle; the X direction is the length direction and the direction pointing to the collector (following airflow) is the positive direction; the Y direction is the height direction, and the upward direction is the positive direction; the Z direction is the width direction, and X, Y conforms to the right hand rule. The existing opening jet wind tunnel parking chamber is a fixed structure, namely 6 walls of the parking chamber are fixed walls, and the width (Z direction), the length (X direction) and the height (Y direction) of the parking chamber are fixed and unchanged.
An opening jet flow wind tunnel parking chamber with adjustable width provided by the embodiment is shown in fig. 2, and comprises a nozzle, a jet flow test section and a collector; the chamber is an adjustable width chamber.
As shown in fig. 3, the adjustable width chamber provides two ways of adjusting the width:
(1) one side wall in the width direction of the width-adjustable room, namely one side wall in two side walls in the Z direction of the room, can move in a certain range, so that the purpose of changing the width of the room is achieved.
(2) The two wall walls in the width direction of the width-adjustable room can move, namely the two wall walls in the Z direction of the room can move within a certain range at the same time, so that the purpose of changing the width of the room is achieved.
In the embodiment, two air-floating guide rails corresponding to the wall of the width-adjustable room are respectively laid on the floor of the room and the upper top surface of the room, and a slider base is installed between the wall and the air-floating guide rails, so that the wall can smoothly move back and forth along the air-floating guide rails without friction and vibration through the slider base, and the moving range is the range between two dotted lines shown in fig. 3, so that the width of the room can be adjusted.
Based on the opening jet flow wind tunnel dwelling chamber with adjustable width, an opening jet flow wind tunnel test method can be realized, and the opening jet flow wind tunnel test method comprises the following steps: the width of the parking chamber is adjusted when the wind tunnel test is carried out. In the open jet wind tunnel test, the following two ways are correspondingly provided for adjusting the width of the parking chamber:
(1) the method for adjusting the width of the parking chamber is to move one wall in the width direction of the parking chamber with the adjustable width, namely to move any one of two side walls in the Z direction of the parking chamber within a certain range, so as to achieve the purpose of changing the width of the parking chamber.
(2) The method for adjusting the width of the parking chamber is to move two wall walls in the width direction of the parking chamber with adjustable width, namely to move two side wall walls in the Z direction of the parking chamber within a certain range, so as to achieve the purpose of changing the width of the parking chamber.
The implementation principle of the width-adjustable open jet wind tunnel chamber and the open jet wind tunnel test method of the embodiment is analyzed: from the foregoing, it can be seen that the low frequency pressure oscillations of an open jet wind tunnel are derived from feedback oscillations (referred to as edge tone (edgetone) feedback oscillations or jet-collector feedback oscillations) generated by the interaction of coherent vortex structures in its shear layer with the jet collector. When the edge sound feedback frequency is close to a certain natural frequency existing in the wind tunnel structure, the edge sound feedback frequency and the natural frequency can generate resonance, so that the edge sound feedback oscillation is amplified to an extremely high level, huge fluid noise is caused, and the low-frequency pressure oscillation phenomenon in the whole resident chamber is serious. Among them, the resonance of the edge tone feedback and the planar pressure standing wave in the width direction of the standing chamber is a common resonance excitation mechanism. When the edge tone feedback resonates with the plane pressure standing wave in the width direction of the parking chamber, the wind speed of the wind tunnel test can be represented by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the test wind speed;
is the width of the chamber;
is the jet length, i.e. the length of the open test segment;
is the speed of sound;
、
is the modulus.
It can be seen that when the jet length is fixed, the test wind speed and the width of the parking chamber are in one-to-one correspondence when resonance occurs. Therefore, once the marginal sound feedback and the plane pressure standing wave resonance in the width direction of the parking chamber occur at the required test wind speed, the resonance can be shifted to other wind speeds by reducing or increasing the width of the parking chamber, and the aim of eliminating the low-frequency pressure oscillation under the condition of the required test wind speed is fulfilled. For example: the wind speed required by the high-speed train test is 216km/h, but the low-frequency pressure oscillation at the wind speed is found to be serious during the test, so that the test cannot be carried out. And 264km/h or 177km/h or less is a test wind speed critical value which is not involved at all when a high-speed train test is carried out, and the widths of the rooms corresponding to 264km/h and 177km/h are 1.4m and 2m through the formula. Therefore, the original width of the room, 1.67m, can be reduced to 1.4m or increased to 2m, so as to eliminate low-frequency pressure oscillation at the wind speed of 216km/h and ensure that the high-speed train test is normally carried out with high quality. Thus, the width range of the adjustable chamber width is determined according to the following method:
(1) setting an upper critical value and a lower critical value of the test wind speed; generally, manual setting is carried out according to the characteristics or test requirements of the test model, and the upper critical value 264km/h of the test wind speed and the lower critical value 177km/h of the test wind speed are set according to the characteristics of the high-speed train;
(2) calculating the width of the parking room corresponding to the upper critical value of the test wind speed and the lower critical value of the test wind speed by using the formula;
(3) when a wind tunnel test is carried out, the width of the parking room is adjusted to be the parking room width corresponding to the upper critical value of the test wind speed or the lower critical value of the test wind speed by moving one side wall or two side wall walls of the parking room in the Z direction.
Therefore, the design of the width-adjustable parking chamber can reduce or increase the width of the parking chamber, so that the resonance can be shifted to other wind speeds by reducing or increasing the width of the parking chamber under the condition of the required test wind speed, the resonance between the edge sound feedback and the plane pressure standing wave in the width direction of the parking chamber is avoided, the purpose of eliminating the low-frequency pressure oscillation under the condition of the required test wind speed is achieved, and the requirement of an advanced aircraft or a high-speed train on the high test wind speed of the open jet wind tunnel can be met.
The typical performance of the low-frequency pressure oscillation is that under a specific test wind speed, the wind tunnel opening jet flow and the low-frequency pressure pulsation with strong and approximate single-frequency characteristics exist in the resident room. Therefore, the pulsating pressure obtained by carrying out a large number of tests, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis of the system on the existing opening jet flow wind tunnel stagnation chamber with a fixed structure (hereinafter referred to as a fixed-width stagnation chamber) and the opening jet flow wind tunnel stagnation chamber with an adjustable width (namely, the adjustable-width stagnation chamber) of the embodiment can be used for verifying the low-frequency pressure oscillation suppression effect of the adjustable-width stagnation chamber of the embodiment under the condition of the required test wind speed. The method comprises the following specific steps:
taking a high test wind speed of 216km/h as an example, the pulse pressure time domain signal and the pulse pressure frequency domain signal of the same measurement position point under the condition of different resident room widths Lz are respectively shown in fig. 4 and 5. In the figure, the long dotted dashed line represents the measurement of the pulse pressure of a fixed-width resident chamber (Lz =1.67 m), and the other 5 lines represent the pulse pressure of an adjustable-width resident chamber at different widths. The results show that: the pulsating pressure amplitude of a fixed width chamber (Lz =1.67 m) is large at a wind speed of 216 km/h; however, the amplitude of the pulsating pressure decreases significantly after the width of the adjustable-width dwelling chamber is reduced (Lz =1.4m, Lz =1.5 m) and increased (Lz =1.77m, Lz =1.89m, Lz =2.0 m), especially when Lz =1.4m (solid line) and Lz =2.0m (dotted short line plus marked point), as much as 77% and 85% lower than that of the existing fixed-width dwelling chamber. Therefore, compared with the existing fixed-width dwelling chamber, the width-adjustable dwelling chamber greatly weakens the pulsating pressure under the high test wind speed condition, so that the suppression effect of the width-adjustable dwelling chamber on the low-frequency pressure pulsation is obvious, and the effect of eliminating the low-frequency pressure oscillation under the required test wind speed condition can be achieved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an opening efflux wind-tunnel resident room of adjustable width, resident room includes spout, efflux test section and collector, its characterized in that, resident room is the resident room of adjustable width.
2. The adjustable width open jet wind tunnel plenum of claim 1, wherein a widthwise one wall of said adjustable width plenum is movable.
3. The adjustable width open jet wind tunnel plenum of claim 1, wherein both widthwise walls of said adjustable width plenum are movable.
4. An open jet wind tunnel test method is characterized in that the open jet wind tunnel test method comprises the following steps: the width of the parking chamber is adjusted when the wind tunnel test is carried out.
5. The wind tunnel test method according to claim 4, wherein the method for adjusting the width of the parking chamber is to move a wall in the width direction of the adjustable width parking chamber.
6. The wind tunnel test method according to claim 4, wherein the method for adjusting the width of the parking chamber is to move two wall walls in the width direction of the adjustable width parking chamber.
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| CN115235725B (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-11-25 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Vibration reduction overflow device for high-speed free jet wind tunnel test cabin airflow collector |
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| CN117490968B (en) * | 2023-12-22 | 2024-03-08 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Jet simulator rectifying device and jet design method |
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