CN112196523A - Rock mass strength parameter drilling real-time measurement system - Google Patents
Rock mass strength parameter drilling real-time measurement system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112196523A CN112196523A CN202010422710.9A CN202010422710A CN112196523A CN 112196523 A CN112196523 A CN 112196523A CN 202010422710 A CN202010422710 A CN 202010422710A CN 112196523 A CN112196523 A CN 112196523A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/003—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by analysing drilling variables or conditions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B45/00—Measuring the drilling time or rate of penetration
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a rock mass strength parameter drilling real-time measurement system, which is used for in-situ test of rock mass mechanical parameters in geotechnical engineering and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering survey. The system comprises a data acquisition system and a data analysis system, and the data acquisition system is used for acquiring the axial pressure, the slag removal flow, the bit displacement, the drill string rotating speed, the torque and the axial acceleration on the drill string when the drilling machine works; and acquiring rock mass strength parameters through the analysis unit. The system can be used for a rotary drilling machine, the compressive strength, the shearing strength, the Young modulus, the Boeing ratio, the internal friction angle and the cohesion of a rock mass are obtained in destructive drilling, the real-time and continuous determination of rock mass strength parameters in the drilling process is realized, and a curve of the parameters changing along with the hole depth and a drilling columnar section view are generated. The system solves the problem of inaccurate indoor test, does not need sampling, processing and indoor test, is easy to install, and has simple operation, high automation degree and high test precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering surveying, and relates to a rock mass strength parameter drilling real-time measurement system which is used for in-situ testing of rock mass mechanical parameters in geotechnical engineering.
Background
At present, in geological and geotechnical engineering and other surveys, the conventional method for obtaining rock strength parameters is to drill and sample, then process the samples according to certain test standards, and test the samples on a material testing machine to obtain the strength parameters. However, the strength index thus obtained is usually the strength index of rock, not rock mass, and therefore the rock strength must be reduced to obtain the rock mass strength index. However, the rock strength index obtained in the way is an estimated value, usually 1/7-/1/15 of the rock strength, which has large fluctuation, difficult accurate determination and large error.
In order to obtain the rock mass strength parameters under the in-situ condition, in addition to the method, a coupling test and an in-situ test method are adopted for obtaining. The coupling test is to adopt a triaxial material testing machine, and to perform coupling simulation on pressure, temperature, seepage and the like under in-situ conditions to obtain rock strength parameters. Such as the American MTS series and the domestic TAW series material simulation test system. However, the coupling test is limited in two ways: (1) test piece size. The small rock sample is generally a complete sample and is difficult to reflect the structural planes of complex joints, bedding and the like of the rock mass. (2) The coupling conditions are difficult to determine. The conditions of the rock mass such as temperature, stress and the like are generally judged according to experience. Thus, the coupling test result is difficult to characterize the rock strength under the in-situ condition. In addition, the coupling test has very strict requirements on the processing of the test piece and the like, and the test cost is very high.
The in-situ test method requires that a chamber is dug at a test point, a rock mass test block is processed, and then the in-situ test is carried out through a test device/facility. The main disadvantages of the rock mass strength in-situ test method are that: (1) the early preparation engineering amount is large, the testing equipment/facility is heavy, the installation is difficult, and the testing condition is limited; (2) the disturbance is large in the early stage; (3) the test parameters are limited. Such as a direct shear test in situ. Similarly, it is difficult to ensure the real in-situ conditions, the accuracy of the parameters, and the testing cost is very high.
The method is based on the rotary drilling rock crushing principle, the determination method of the main strength parameter of the rock mass is established by collecting the drilling working parameter of the drilling machine or the drilling rig and analyzing, and the strength parameter is changed along with the hole depth or the stratum, so that the drilling histogram of the strength parameter of the rock mass is generated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rock mass strength parameter real-time testing system which overcomes the limitations of inaccurate rock mass strength parameter testing, large testing workload, long time consumption, non-continuity, high cost and the like in the prior art.
The invention discloses a rock mass strength parameter drilling real-time measuring system which is characterized by comprising a data acquisition system and a data analysis system.
The data acquisition system comprises a data sensing unit and a data amplification, conversion and integration unit;
the data sensing unit consists of a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a displacement sensor, an acceleration sensor, a rotating speed sensor and a torque sensor;
the pressure sensor is used for collecting liquid or gas pressure when the drilling string and the drill bit of the drilling machine move forward or backward to generate power load, and the generated electric signal is output as an electric signal;
the flow sensor is used for collecting the flow of the drilling fluid, and the generated electric signal is output as an electric signal through calibration;
the displacement sensor is used for acquiring the axial displacement and the change of the axial speed of the column (drill bit); the output signal is displacement;
the acceleration sensor is used for monitoring the vibration acceleration generated in the axial direction of the drill column in the rotary drilling process of the drilling machine and outputting an electric signal;
the rotation speed sensor is used for monitoring the rotation speed of a drill column and a drill bit in the drilling process of the drilling machine, and the output signal is the rotation speed;
the torque sensor is a dynamic torque sensor and is used for monitoring the torque generated on a drill stem and a drill bit in the rotary drilling process of the drilling machine and outputting an electric signal;
the sensors are digital sensors, and the output electrical signals can be set to be voltage, resistance and current, which are mv, m Ω and mA respectively, and are marked as corresponding directly readable physical quantities. The displacement and rotation speed output are directly readable physical quantities, belong to system pre-parameters, and still need to be calibrated and verified during testing. The drilling rate is calculated by the analysis unit from the time relation of drill string/bit displacement.
The data acquisition unit consists of an amplifier, a digital strain gauge and a data integration box; the electric signals are digital signals, are amplified by the amplifier and then enter the data integration box through the digital strain gauge, and the drill bit displacement and rotation speed signals directly enter the data integration box, are subjected to data integration and then are uploaded to the data analysis unit;
the data analysis unit consists of a computer, a printer and an external display unit, and the computer analyzes, stores and outputs the signal data through a program and generates a data table and a graph in real time.
The amplifier and the digital strain gauge adopt a CR-655 interface cable to transmit data, the digital strain gauge and the data integration box adopt an RS-232C interface cable to transmit data, and the data integration box and the data analysis unit adopt a CR-553B interface cable to transmit data.
The working voltage of the digital strain gauge is 12V.
The working voltage of the data integration box is 12V.
The system has the advantages that by adopting the technical scheme, the system obtains the axial pressure, the drilling slag removal flow, the drill bit displacement, the drill string and the drill bit rotating speed, the drill string torque and the axial acceleration on the drill string when the drilling machine works through the data sensing unit and the data acquisition unit; and analyzing the stress, energy and rock failure mechanism of the drill bit in the drilling process through an analysis unit to obtain rock strength parameters. The system can be used for all rotary drilling machines and drilling machines, and can obtain the compressive strength, the shear strength, the Young modulus, the Boeing ratio, the internal friction angle and the cohesion of the rock mass under the in-situ condition in destructive drilling, realize the real-time and continuous determination of the rock mass strength parameters in the drilling process, and generate the curve of the parameters changing along with the hole depth and the visual drilling hole columnar section view of the strength parameters. The system does not need sampling, processing and indoor testing, is easy to install, simple to operate and high in automation degree and testing precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram of a rock mass strength parameter drilling real-time measurement system of the invention;
fig. 2 is a connection diagram of a pressure sensor in an example of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a layout diagram of a revolution speed sensor in an example of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a layout diagram of bit displacement sensors in an example of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the drill string torque sensor arrangement of an example of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the arrangement of drill string axial acceleration sensors in an example of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of a data analysis system in an example of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. driving motor 10, pressure gauge
2. Reduction gearbox 11. pressure sensor
3. Slider 12. signal cable
4. Reduction box output shaft 13, connector
5. Drill stem 14. rotating speed sensor
6. Bit 15. displacement sensor
7. Transmission part 16. light beam
8. Standard target 17. torque sensor
9. Pressure valve 18 acceleration sensor
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in figure 1, the rock mass strength parameter drilling real-time measuring system comprises a data acquisition system and a data analysis coefficient, wherein the data acquisition system comprises a data sensing unit and a data amplification conversion and integration unit;
the data sensing unit includes a pressure sensor P for monitoring the liquid or gas pressure at which the drilling machine generates a load in the axial direction of the drill string. For a hydraulic rotary drill, the load includes the pressure of the drill string moving along the drill rig, i.e., the shaft pressure and the pressure regulating force; typically 2 pressure sensors are required and the load applied to the drill string is dependent on the drilling mode and will vary depending on the type of drill or rig. In geotechnical engineering drilling, pneumatic or hydraulic driving is generally adopted. However, the change of the fluid medium generally only changes the pressure amplitude and the dynamic efficiency, and the monitoring principle is the same. Except that the hydraulic drive pressure is typically several to tens of times higher than pneumatic. Therefore, the measurement range of the selected pressure sensor can be changed in different driving modes; the flow sensor Q is mainly used for measuring the flow of drilling fluid; the acceleration sensor a is mainly used for monitoring the axial vibration of the drilling machine, the change of the stratum can be judged by analyzing the change conditions of the vibration and the drilling fluid, and the lithology of the stratum can be further judged by other means; the rotation speed sensor is used for monitoring the rotation speed of a drill string (a drill bit, the same applies below); the displacement sensor is used for monitoring the position change of the drill string and the drilling displacement in the axial direction of the drill string; the torque sensor is used for monitoring the change of torque on the drill string; and the data obtained by the sensing of each sensor is uploaded to an amplifying and integrating unit of the data acquisition unit.
The amplifier is used for amplifying the electric signal, is connected with the digital strain gauge through a CR-655 interface cable and inputs data into the data integration box through an RS-232C interface cable; and the data integration box integrates the data input by the sensing unit and inputs the data to the data analysis unit through a CR-553B interface cable.
And the data analysis unit comprises a computer and other terminals and is used for storing, displaying, analyzing, printing and transmitting the data through a network.
As shown in fig. 2, in the example of the present invention, a pressure sensor is installed in front of a pressure gauge 10 in an input I-output O loop in a pipeline, when pressure fluid is input into the pipeline, the pressure fluid is input into a working mechanism through a pressure valve 9, a pressure gauge 10 and a sensor 11, when the pressure fluid passes through the pressure sensor 11, pressure acts on a piezoresistive sheet on the sensor to deform the piezoresistive sheet, so that electrical signals such as resistance, current or voltage are changed, the electrical signals are transmitted to a data acquisition system through a data cable 12, the change of drilling fluid is obtained by a flow sensor Q, then transmitted to an amplifier of the data acquisition system through a data cable and an interface, and then transmitted to a strain gauge after being amplified;
as shown in fig. 3, the present invention is a layout diagram of a rotation speed sensor in an example. A rotation speed sensor 14 is mounted on the boom at a position corresponding to the probe 13. When the probe 13 rotates together with the drill rod 5, the probe 13 will sweep across the front end of the revolution speed sensor 14 (the dotted circle is the track of the probe 6 when rotating), and the revolution speed sensor 14 generates electromagnetic pulses and transmits the pulses to the data acquisition system through the data cable 12. The drill string is a generic term for the drill rod 5, the coupling sleeve 13 and the drill bit 6 in the present invention. Thus, the drill bit 6, the drill rod 5 and the output shaft of the reduction gearbox 2 have the same rotational speed.
As shown in figure 4, the displacement sensor layout in the embodiment of the invention is that a driving motor 1 is connected with a reduction gearbox 2 through an output shaft, the outer bodies of the 1 and the 2 are fixedly connected with a slide block 3, the slide block 3 is driven by a chain or a piston 7 to axially slide along a slide rail on a drill frame so as to drive a drill rod 5 and a drill bit 6 to move, a displacement sensor 15 is fixed at a proper position on the reduction gearbox 2, the axis of the displacement sensor 15 and the axis of a light beam 16 and the drill rod 5 are parallel to each other during installation, and the light beam 16 irradiates a standard target 8 on the ground of a drill hole. The beam 16 is perpendicular to the standard target 8 and is calibrated during testing, and when the deflection is not perpendicular, the displacement is corrected to the displacement on the axis of the drill rod 5.
The drill bit crushes rock under the action of axial pressure applied by a chain or a piston 7 and torque generated by rotation of an output shaft of the driving motor 1 and the reduction gearbox 2, and penetrates through the rock at a certain speed, so that axial displacement is generated. In the invention, the drill stem 5, the coupling sleeve 13 and the drill bit 6 form a drill string which is a whole. Thus, the drill bit 6 and the drill rod 5 have the same axial displacement. In the drilling process, the drilling machine advances for a certain length every time, and the drilling machine advances circularly for multiple times. At this time, the actual footage of the drill bit is the sum of the displacements after the multiple cycles of advancing. The change of the position of the drill bit is reflected by the change of the distance between the front end surface of the reduction gearbox 2 and the standard measuring target 8. The measurement data of the displacement sensor 15 are transmitted via its interface cable 12 to the data integration unit of the data acquisition system.
As shown in fig. 5, in the example of the present invention, a measurement layout diagram of a torque sensor of a drill string is shown, wherein the torque sensor 17 is installed at the upper end of a drill rod 5 and connected with the drill rod 5 through an output shaft coupler or flange (depending on a drilling machine) of a speed reducer 2, when the drill string rotates under certain axial pressure and rotational speed, a resistance sheet in the torque sensor deforms, so that resistance, voltage and current change, an electric signal is transmitted to a data acquisition system through a data cable, and the torque sensor 17 is a high-sensitivity digital sensor and can be directly transmitted to a data integration unit through a data cable; when the low-sensitivity sensor is adopted, the electric signal is transmitted to an amplifier of a data acquisition system through a data cable and an interface, and is transmitted to the strain gauge after being amplified and then is transmitted to the data integration unit.
As shown in FIG. 6, in the example of the invention, the axial vibration acceleration measurement layout of the drill string is that the acceleration sensor 18 is installed at a fixed position on the frame of the drilling machine, because the rock mass of the stratum is heterogeneous material, when the drill bit penetrates different rock stratums, the vibration of the drilling tool changes, the particle vibration propagated to the drill rod through the drill bit is acquired by the acceleration sensor 18 and then transmitted to the data amplification and integration unit of the data acquisition system by the data cable 12.
As shown in fig. 7, in the functional module of the data analysis system in the further embodiment of the present invention, the functional module is composed of four modules of data reading, process identification, parameter calculation and graph output, wherein the data reading module reads the data transmitted by the acquisition system and performs preprocessing; the process identification module identifies a drilling sub-process and generates pure drilling process data by encoding drilling process parameters; the parameter calculation module reads pure drilling process data, inputs the pure drilling process data into the algorithm model and automatically completes the calculation of the compressive strength, the shear strength, the Young modulus, the Boeing ratio, the cohesive force and the internal friction angle and stores the data; and the graphic output module generates monitoring parameters (pressure, flow, rotating speed, torque, displacement, hole depth and drilling speed) and a data table and a curve of the intensity parameters and an intensity parameter visual drilling histogram according to the requirements of a user, and displays, stores, prints and transmits the parameters.
Claims (2)
1. A rock mass strength parameter drilling real-time measurement system is characterized by comprising a data acquisition system and a data analysis system;
the data acquisition system comprises a data sensing unit and a data amplification and integration unit, wherein the data acquisition unit consists of a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a rotating speed sensor, a displacement sensor, a torque sensor and an acceleration sensor; the sensors are all digital sensors;
the data amplification and integration unit consists of an amplifier, a digital strain gauge and a data integration box; the electric signals of the sensor are transmitted to a digital strain gauge through an amplifier and enter the data integration box, the displacement and rotating speed signals directly enter the data integration box, and all the data signals are integrated and then uploaded to the data analysis unit;
the data analysis unit consists of a computer and other terminals, and the computer analyzes, stores and outputs the data through programs and carries out real-time and continuous test on rock strength parameters in the drilling process.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the data analysis system is configured to output a table, a curve and a histogram of the strength parameter variation with hole depth.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010422710.9A CN112196523A (en) | 2020-05-13 | 2020-05-13 | Rock mass strength parameter drilling real-time measurement system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010422710.9A CN112196523A (en) | 2020-05-13 | 2020-05-13 | Rock mass strength parameter drilling real-time measurement system |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113431561A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-09-24 | 绍兴文理学院 | Automatic rock recognition device for drilling |
| CN113482599A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-10-08 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Portable in-situ test and identification data acquisition system and equipment |
| CN113776972A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-12-10 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Dynamic testing method for rock breaking and pore forming process of high-pressure jet drill |
| CN114279948A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-04-05 | 兰州大学 | Testing system for evaluating weathering degree and reinforcing effect of rock-soil material |
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| CN101761328A (en) * | 2010-03-03 | 2010-06-30 | 北京科技大学 | Stratum geology interface instrument drilling induction recognition system |
| CN101892830A (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2010-11-24 | 北京科技大学 | Deep ground stress measurement while drilling (MWD) system |
| CN105973551A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-09-28 | 谭乃根 | Boring dynamics simulation test system |
-
2020
- 2020-05-13 CN CN202010422710.9A patent/CN112196523A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101761328A (en) * | 2010-03-03 | 2010-06-30 | 北京科技大学 | Stratum geology interface instrument drilling induction recognition system |
| CN101892830A (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2010-11-24 | 北京科技大学 | Deep ground stress measurement while drilling (MWD) system |
| CN105973551A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-09-28 | 谭乃根 | Boring dynamics simulation test system |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113482599A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-10-08 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Portable in-situ test and identification data acquisition system and equipment |
| CN113431561A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-09-24 | 绍兴文理学院 | Automatic rock recognition device for drilling |
| CN113776972A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-12-10 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Dynamic testing method for rock breaking and pore forming process of high-pressure jet drill |
| CN113776972B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2024-03-12 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Dynamic testing method for rock breaking and pore forming process of high-pressure jet drill bit |
| CN114279948A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-04-05 | 兰州大学 | Testing system for evaluating weathering degree and reinforcing effect of rock-soil material |
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