CN112196470A

CN112196470A - Rock drilling method and device by impacting and cutting

Info

Publication number: CN112196470A
Application number: CN202011068662.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李荟敏
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-10-09
Filing date: 2020-10-09
Publication date: 2021-01-08

Abstract

The invention discloses a rock drilling method combining impact and cutting and a device thereof, which are suitable for manufacturing combined drill bits for water taking, mining, drilling and exploitation of oil and natural gas, geological drilling and other well drilling, various civil engineering construction, rock drilling and other purposes. The down-the-hole drill bit is used to perform the percussion drilling operation along the axial direction of the drill bit, and the cutting blade directly mounted on the top end of the drill bit on the drill rod clamping sleeve is rotated to perform the circumferential cutting drilling operation, or the cutting blade mounted on the multi-wing type tool rest is rotated to perform the circumferential cutting drilling operation, and the multi-wing type tool rest is mounted on the drill rod clamping sleeve.

Description

Rock drilling method and device by impacting and cutting

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a rock drilling method and its equipment, in particular, it relates to a method including rock drilling operation by means of impact and cutting mode and its equipment. The method is suitable for manufacturing drilling tool devices for drilling wells for water taking, mining, petroleum and natural gas drilling and exploitation, geological drilling and the like, various civil engineering constructions, rock drilling and the like.

Background

The percussion rock drilling tools of the prior art mainly comprise a percussion drill tool consisting of a percussion mechanism and a down-the-hole drill bit or drill bit; the cutting mode of rock drilling mainly comprises a PDC drill bit and a scraper drill bit, wherein the symbolic difference between the PDC drill bit and the scraper drill bit is that the materials of cutting blades are different, and the difference of purposes and structures is derived from the material, and the PDC drill bit and the scraper drill bit are widely applied to the field of rock drilling. However, the impact drilling tool generally has the problem that the side teeth wear too fast, and particularly when drilling into a quartz sand layer, the side teeth have a service life of only a dozen or even a few hours. The PDC drill bit for cutting rock drilling has excellent performance, but has a problem that it is difficult to insert the PDC drill bit into hard rock, and the drilling speed is greatly reduced.

US patents 006119798, US005881828, US4598779, and CN201110111666.0 of the present applicant all aim to improve the life of the side teeth. When a drill bit such as a down-the-hole drill bit and a roller cone drill bit which are embedded with columnar teeth works, the columnar teeth, particularly the peripheral columnar teeth, not only impact rocks at the bottom of a hole in the rock breaking process, but also cut more rocks at the bottom of the hole and at the wall of the hole, and can be understood as scraping because no cutting edge exists. The requirement that the stud simultaneously meets the requirements of both impact and cutting, namely the requirement that the material of the stud simultaneously has the highest hardness and toughness has a certain degree of contradiction, is always a technical problem. Because the column teeth with spherical heads are theoretically suitable for impact rock breaking but not suitable for cutting rock breaking, the ball heads of the column teeth apply great pressure to the rock while cutting the rock in a tangential motion, the shear strength of the rock is greatly improved, the cutting resistance is increased, and more mechanical power is consumed. It appears that the impact and cutting should be designed to work together with different parts to give full play to their respective potentials to solve this technical problem. PDC bits for cutting rock drilling have not been able to be combined with down-the-hole bits for percussive rock drilling, or a rock drilling method has not been shown in which percussive rock breaking and cutting rock breaking are performed separately from each other, which may be theoretically optimal. Although it is shown in both theory and practice of rock breaking that the combination of percussion and cutting has the potential to greatly improve drilling efficiency, and thus a down-the-hole drilling method at high drilling pressure and a PDC drilling method and a drilling tool thereof with a certain impact or mechanical shock have been developed, which both take the rock breaking task of percussion and cutting in a manner of using a single element with percussion as a main cutting or vice versa, so that potential excavation is limited, and a little mismatching may be caused. For example, high weight-on-bit down-the-hole drilling can improve the drilling speed, but the abrasion of the column teeth of the drill bit is also accelerated rapidly; the PDC drills and uses the impacter that surges, when having accelerated the drilling rate, the breakage rate of PDC blade also improves by a wide margin.

Thus, the inventors believe that it may have been that the inventor has never found a solution to properly arrange the impact elements and cutting elements in the bit head space, and to isolate and independently operate only the impact force and only the cutting force elements. Bit head space is entirely occupied by a single type of rock breaking element, and there appears to be no excess space to move for other uses. Thus, combining these two most pure and ideal drilling solutions has been the attic, even if there has been little effort to do so, since even the literature describing such assumptions has been difficult to find. The tricone bit and the three-wing PDC bit are complementary in space, and the two-roller bit, the two-wing PDC bit and the like are provided, so that the technical possibility of combining and forming the composite bit is realized, a great amount of phenomena are brought forward, and outstanding performances are obtained at the same time. It originates from houss corporation and there are a number of patents disclosing such inventions: US 10196859B 2, US 10508500B 2, US 10132122B 2, US 10107040B 2, US 8336646B 2, US 10316589B 2, US 10190366B 2, US 10072462B 2, 4343371, 5879575, 4285409. The invention is disclosed in Chinese patents CN103147692A, CN101765695A and the like. In addition, the journal of prospecting engineering (geotechnical drilling engineering) from No. 43, No. 1 to No. 4 has the following problems: international oil and gas well drill bit development profiles (one) to (four) are also of reference value. The rock drilling principle of roller bit is a mixture of impact and cutting, but the alloy teeth on the roller shell impact the rock far less strongly than the cylinder teeth of down-the-hole bit and cut the rock far less effectively than the PDC blades on PDC bit. But PDC bits are more prone to attack by rock by virtue of the pre-damage caused by the impact of the alloy teeth on the cone shell, with the result that their combination provides a significant increase in the effectiveness of the bit. Therefore, the technical scheme of combining the down-the-hole drill bit and the PDC drill bit is a scientific research subject with great potential value, and the inventor drafts for more than ten years.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a rock drilling method and a rock drilling device for impact and cutting, compared with the conventional rock drilling mode, the columnar teeth at the head of a drill bit break rock on the bottom surface of a hole in an impact mode, the rotation of the drill bit aims to enable the columnar teeth to replace and impact new rock, the cutting amount of the columnar teeth to the rock at the bottom of the hole is small compared with the relative impact caused by the rotation of the drill bit, and the rock breaking amount is not large even under the high drilling pressure. In this sense, the breaking of the column teeth is therefore considered to be a near-pure impact breaking. Meanwhile, the cutting tool bit is arranged to cut and break rock of the rock with the damaged tissue structure caused by the impact of the column teeth, and the rock is regarded as cut and broken rock because the cutting tool bit is not technically applied with additional strong impact operation similar to that of the column teeth. But it is not absolutely impossible to apply impacts, such as weak impacts or mechanical shocks, etc., which the cutting insert is allowed to tolerate. The blade is arranged at the end part of the cutting tool bit and then is fixed on or originally arranged on a drill clamping sleeve of the impactor to form the cutting device. The column teeth on the down-the-hole drill bit mainly do impact rock breaking to the well bottom, the cutting blades do not impact as strongly as the column teeth but only do circular track cutting rock breaking to the well bottom and the edge well wall in a rotating mode, and the cutting blades on the edges are designed to be in a circular track cutting radius larger than the center distance or the rock drilling radius of the column teeth on the edges, so that the edge teeth on the down-the-hole drill bit are not in physical contact with the wall surface of the well bottom any more, and the abrasion of the edge teeth in a main mode is avoided. Meanwhile, because the structure of the rock is damaged due to the impact of the column teeth on the rock, the shearing strength of the rock is greatly reduced, and the cutting blade is easier to bite into the rock, so that the cutting efficiency of the rock is greatly improved, and the rock drilling method is more efficient. In view of the fact that reaming by cutting is superior to reaming by impact, the drilling method and device for drilling along with the pipe, which work by cutting and reaming instead of the traditional impact reaming, are developed as a direct popularization of the rock drilling method of the invention.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the head space of the down-the-hole drill bit is divided properly, the circumferential distance between the side teeth is enlarged to arrange cutting bits, and the cutting bits are fixed on or originally arranged on the clamping drill rod sleeve. This allows the down-the-hole drill bit to break rock in an percussive manner in the axial direction of the drill bit, i.e. substantially perpendicular to the rock surface, and without the need for large drilling pressure to cut the rock; the cutting tool bit rotates along with the drill clamping sleeve to break the rock in a circular track cutting mode approximately along the surface of the rock and cannot bear impact load, so that perfect division cooperation of the cutting tool bit and the drill clamping sleeve in all functions is realized. Meanwhile, the staggered fit and inlay relationship between the head of the down-the-hole drill bit and the cutting bit is also considered, so that the rotation torque transmission of the down-the-hole drill bit by the drill clamping sleeve is realized, and a spline which is arranged in the middle of the traditional down-the-hole drill bit and transmits the torque between the drill clamping sleeve and the down-the-hole drill bit is replaced. Of course, the present invention is not intended to be used with conventional spline forms.

By adopting the scheme, the PDC and down-the-hole combined drilling tool with better rock drilling performance, better manufacturing economy and longer service life can be conveniently formed, and the down-the-hole drilling tool also comprises a hydraulic and pneumatic impactor, a down-the-hole drill bit and derivative deformations thereof such as a hole expanding drilling tool and the like, in particular to a reverse circulation down-the-hole drilling tool, because the reverse circulation down-the-hole drilling tool does not need to be provided with a slag discharge groove on the outer wall surface of the drill clamping sleeve, the whole structure integrity of the drill clamping sleeve is favorably ensured, and the structural strength of the drill clamping sleeve is further kept.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an axial side view of a three-bit-slot down-the-hole drill bit of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an axial side view of the three bit bayonet sleeve of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an axial side view of a three-bit slot down-the-hole drill of the present invention installed in a three-bit bayonet sleeve;

FIG. 4 is an axial side view of the multi-bit slot down-the-hole drill of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an axial side view of the multi-bit drill collar of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an axial side view of the multi-bit slot down-the-hole drill of the present invention installed in a multi-bit cartridge sleeve;

FIG. 7 is an axial side view of a three-lobe down-the-hole drill bit of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an axial side view of the tri-winged tool holder of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a side view of the three wing tool holder bayonet sleeve of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is an axial side view of a three-lobe down-the-hole drill bit of the present invention in combination with a three-wing tool holder and its cartridge;

FIG. 11 is an axial side view of a three-lobed heel-tube down-the-hole drill of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is an axial side view of the three-winged tool holder and its bayonet sleeve combination of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is an axial side view of a three-lobe casing-in-hole drill bit of the present invention and its combination of a cartridge and a bit;

FIG. 14 is an isometric view of a three-lobed heel-tube drill mating shoe of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is an axial side view of the three-lobe casing-in-hole drill bit of the present invention with its drill collar and bit combination and with the casing shoe fitted;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a multi-lobed down-the-hole drill bit of the present invention in combination with a multi-winged tool holder having an outer ring;

figure 17 is an axial view of the rock drilling face of a combination drill bit of the present invention.

In the figure, 1, a drill head, 2, a drill middle, 3, a drill tail, 4, side teeth, 5, middle teeth, 6, an exhaust hole, 7, a slag discharge groove, 8, a tool bit groove, 9, a drill clamping sleeve, 10, a drill clamping sleeve thread, 11, a drill clamping sleeve slag discharge groove, 12, a tool bit, 13, a cutting blade, 14, a cavity, 15, a drill neck, 16, a drill bit spline, 17, a three-wing tool rest, 18, a tool rest root, 19, a tool rest base, 20, a drill clamping sleeve spline, 21, a pipe shoe draw hook rod, 22, a pipe shoe draw hook, 23, a pipe shoe draw hook base, 24, a tilting tool bit bottom, 25, a tilting tool bit wall, 26, a tilting tool bit root, 27, a pipe shoe, 28, a pipe shoe slag discharge groove, 29, a pipe shoe spline, 30, a tilting tool rest wall, 31, a tilting tool bit thrust surface, 32, a tilting tool bit seat thrust surface, 33, a pressure surface, 34, a locking groove, 35. tool rest seat locking groove, 36, locking pin, 37, tool rest outer ring, 38, center impact head, 39, center tooth.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 is an axial side view of a three-bit groove down-the-hole drill of the present invention, wherein 1 is a drill head, 2 is a drill middle, 3 is a drill tail, 4 is a side tooth, 5 is a middle tooth, 6 is an exhaust hole, 7 is a slag discharge groove, and 8 is a bit groove. In the drill bit shown in fig. 1, the main difference compared to a conventional down-the-hole drill bit is that there are three more bit grooves 8 in the bit side, although not limited to three, and may be more or less. No splines are provided on the drill middle part 2, as the function of the splines is taken into account by the cutter head grooves 8. The side surface of the drill bit head 1 is conical, and certainly can be a multi-stage cylindrical step type, which is not described in detail.

Fig. 2 shows an axial side view of a three-bit bayonet sleeve according to the invention, wherein 9 is the bayonet sleeve, 10 is the bayonet sleeve thread, 11 is the bayonet sleeve slag groove, 12 is the bit, and 13 is the cutting blade. Referring to fig. 1, it can be seen that the cutting head 12 is exactly spatially complementary to the cutting head slot 8, i.e. after the three-head slot down-the-hole drill is inserted into the drill collar 9, the cutting head 12 is exactly engaged with the cutting head slot 8, so that the three-head slot down-the-hole drill can slide axially relative to each other in the drill collar 9, but cannot rotate relative to each other. The bit head 1 can use the side teeth 4 and the middle teeth 5 to perform simple impact rock breaking on the rock at the bottom of the well in the direction vertical to the rock plane or in the axial direction of the bit (hereinafter referred to as axial direction), the cutting blade 13 on the cutter head 12 is not impacted, and the rock is broken in a simple circular track (hereinafter referred to as tangential direction) cutting mode only through the rotation of the drill clamping sleeve 9. The top of each cutting head 12 in the figure has 2 cutting blades 13, but there may be only 1 or more, etc., and the cutting blades are not limited to circular shapes, and may have other shapes.

Fig. 3 is an axial side view of the three-bit slot down-the-hole drill bit of the present invention installed in a three-bit drill collar, showing the appearance of a complete rock breaking and tunneling system formed by combining simple axial impact rock breaking and simple rotation to tangentially cut rock breaking, respectively. This is a breakthrough invention in which the present invention skillfully deals with the bit head space, properly assigns to different breaking principles and functions, and combines them into a perfect drilling system, without precedent. In fact, the combination of the three-wing PDC drill bit and the three-cone bit into the PDC-cone combined drill bit is also quite obvious from the spatial distribution of the three-wing PDC drill bit and the three-cone bit, and the two can not be intersected originally and cannot be arranged together to interfere with each other.

Referring to fig. 4, which is an axial side view of the multi-bit slot down-the-hole drill of the present invention, reference numerals 1 to 8 in the drawings are identical in concept to those of fig. 1 and will not be repeated. One difference, compared to fig. 1, is that it is a multiple-head flute 8 design, which shows 8 head flutes 8, but is not limited to 8, and may be other numbers. A further important difference is that the side of the drill bit 1 is spherical, the advantage of which will be disclosed in fig. 5.

Fig. 5 shows an axial side view of the multi-bit cartridge of the invention, wherein 14 is a cavity, also referred to as bit holder, compatible with the side of the bit 1, i.e. in which the bit 1 is seated, transmitting weight and torque. Referring to fig. 4, it can be seen that after the drill bit is placed in the drill collar 9, the cutting head 12 is inserted into the cutting head groove 8, forming a spline system with torque transmission capability. The cavity 14 is spherical or nearly spherical in design in order to make milling possible with a high machining efficiency of the blade milling cutter, in particular the clearance between the cutting heads 12 is not very convenient and efficient, of course not at all, with a bar milling cutter. The intersection of the surface of the cavity 14 with the surface of the clamping sleeve slag groove 11 is also shown as straight in fig. 5, since the clamping sleeve slag groove 11 is shown as a large convex cylinder. If the slag discharge groove 11 of the drill rod clamping sleeve is designed into a concave small cylindrical surface, the intersecting line of the slag discharge groove and the cavity 14 is a concave arc, so that a cutter bar of the chip milling cutter can be more deeply milled, and the drill rod clamping sleeve 9 is just like a crown.

Fig. 6 is an axial side view of the multi-bit slot down-the-hole drill bit of the present invention installed in the multi-bit cartridge, which is similar to fig. 3, and also shows an appearance of a complete rock breaking and tunneling system formed by combining a simple axial impact rock breaking and a simple rotation to tangentially cut the rock breaking, respectively. The advantage of multiple tips is that each tip will have a lesser cutting burden, facilitating the use of carbide tips that are less expensive than PDC tips. Meanwhile, the mechanical rotating speed of the drill bit is much lower than the drilling speed of the PDC drilling machine during down-the-hole drilling, so that the cutting depth of the cutting blades 13 is larger, and the cutting blades 13 are arranged more, thereby being beneficial to reducing the cutting depth. As for the working drilling speed of the combined drill bit, the working drilling speed is between that of the original down-the-hole drill bit and that of the PDC drill bit, and the mechanical rotating speed can be matched with the impact frequency of the column teeth, so that the impacted rock stratum area is cut off exactly, and the like; meanwhile, the bit pressure born by the column teeth can be smaller than that born by the original down-the-hole drill bit. In addition, if the cutting inserts 13 are not brazed to the cartridge 9, the down-the-hole and PDC combination of the present invention as shown in fig. 3 and 6 will degrade to a lower cost down-the-hole bit due to the use of the head splines. Because the diameter of the spline in the middle of the drill bit and the spline of the drill clamping sleeve of the existing down-the-hole drill bit is small and slender, the processing efficiency is low, the hidden quality trouble is easy to occur, and the cost is also high.

In fig. 1-6, the cutter head 12 is directed against the bottom hole edge, protecting the tooth 4 from excessive wear. The drilling method and apparatus of downhole total cut and percussive rock breaking combination is also disclosed in the present invention.

Fig. 7 shows an axial side view of a three-lobe down-the-hole drill according to the invention, wherein 15 is the drill neck, which is usually designed as a cylinder or a cone. 16 are bit splines which mate with the bayonet sleeve splines 20 to transmit some of the torque required by the bit, but are not required.

Fig. 8 shows an isometric view of the tri-winged blade holder of the present invention, with 17 being the tri-winged blade holder, 18 being the blade holder root, and 34 being the blade holder locking slots, only one of which is shown, although two or more may be present. Obviously, the three-wing tool rest 17 with the structure can only arrange cutting rock breaking at the center or not arrange rock breaking, and the columnar teeth with the minimum center distance are used for impacting rock breaking, so the structure layout is suitable for the drill bit with smaller outer diameter.

Fig. 9 shows a side view of a three-wing tool holder bayonet socket according to the present invention, where 19 is the tool holder base, 20 is the bayonet spline, and 35 is the tool holder base locking groove, where only one groove is shown, but there may be two or more. It should be noted that the torque transmission function of the drill bit spline 16 and the drill sleeve spline 20 can also be achieved by the tool holder seat 19 and the three-wing tool holder 17, and the tool holder seat 19 can be designed to be concave and convex on one side in the axial direction of the drill bit, and the concave three-wing tool holder 17 can transmit torque to the drill bit lobe in a convex mode. It is of course possible, but not recommended, to transmit torque to a three-lobed down-the-hole drill bit via the three-lobed tool holder 17.

Fig. 10 shows an axial side view of a combination of a three-segment down-the-hole drill bit of the present invention with a three-wing tool holder and its chuck sleeve, wherein 36 is a locking pin which may be a standard cylindrical pin, or a pin with a tight thread or with a spring collar or the like to prevent it from falling off. The fastening between the three-wing tool holder 17 and the clamping sleeve 9 can also be of various types, for example, a screw fastening or the like. It is similar to fig. 3 and 6, and shows the appearance of a shaft bottom comprehensive rock breaking and tunneling system formed by combining pure axial impact rock breaking and pure rotation rock breaking by tangential cutting respectively. It is also possible to add a cutting head 12 provided on the drill collar 9 as required to increase the number of hole bottom edge cutting blade arrangements with reference to the constructive principle of fig. 1 and 4, or to adopt a solution as will be described later on in fig. 16, to meet the need of increasing the cutting breaking capacity at the most difficult hole bottom edge. With combined reference to fig. 7, 8 and 9, it can be seen that the three-bladed down-the-hole drill bit can slide axially relative to the three-bladed tool holder 17 with sufficient axial clearance therebetween, i.e. the three-bladed down-the-hole drill bit 17 is not impacted when struck by the impactor piston, but is merely passed by the drill collar 9 through its upper holder seat 19 and the tool holder root 18 to transmit cutting torque. The bit splines 16 and the drill sleeve splines 20 in fig. 7 and 9 not only form a smart torque transmission system from the drill sleeve 9 to the three-segment down-the-hole drill bit, but also are beneficial to maintaining the structural strength of the bit head 1, and if the bit splines 16 are not provided, the outer edge of the bit head 1 is in a semi-cantilever state, and the impact resistance is reduced. The side wall of the drill clamping sleeve 9 cannot be too thin, otherwise the torque transmission capability or structural strength to the three-wing tool rest is insufficient. Of course, better materials and proper heat treatment processes can also solve this problem. In addition, when the drill bit spline 16 is machined by using a bar cutter, a fillet is left, so that the drill sleeve spline 20 is also correspondingly chamfered at the end face of the drill sleeve 9, which is not shown in fig. 9 and is described by characters.

Fig. 11 shows an axial side view of a three-piece heel-tube down-the-hole drill according to the present invention, in which 21 is a shoe pull hook rod and 22 is a shoe pull hook.

Fig. 12 shows an axial side view of the combination of the present invention with a three-winged tool holder and its bayonet socket, wherein 23 is the shoe hook base, 24 is the tiltable bit, the specific positions are its downhole during drilling, 25 is the tiltable bit wall, and 26 is the tiltable bit root. In order to save the number of drawings, the three-wing type tool rest and the brazing sleeve thereof are combined into a drawing, and the situation that the combined parts are separated can be known by referring to fig. 8 and 9. The axial side view of the three-wing type tool rest and the drill clamping sleeve combination thereof is more convenient for understanding the situation when the three-flap type follow pipe down-the-hole drill is placed in. Of course, the operation of installing the drill bit must be to install the drill bit first and then install the three-wing tool post 17. The tiltable cutter head 24 is a unique design that has several important features: the tilting cutter head is fitted on the three-wing cutter frame 17, and the root 26 of the tilting cutter head is provided with a rotating shaft which is hinged on the three-wing cutter frame 17, so that the tilting cutter head can rotate along the rotating shaft without departing from the three-wing cutter frame 17, see fig. 15. The dimension of the bottom of the tiltable bit 24 is larger in the circumferential direction of the drill than in the axial direction thereof, and the cutting tip 13 is disposed at the leading edge in the rotational direction of the bit. This makes the cutting insert 13 less prone to toppling away from the three-bladed holder 17 when subjected to the combined force of tangential cutting force and axial pressure. The direction of the wall part 25 of the tilting tool bit is the same as that of the wall surface of the drill clamping sleeve 9, the wall part is close to and vertical to the bottom of the tilting tool bit 24, and more cutting blades can be arranged, so that the resultant force points of cutting stress of all the blades are far away from the bottom of the well, the tilting resistance tendency is enhanced, the possibility of tilting is avoided, and the working reliability of the tilting resistance is ensured. In addition, in order to prevent the tilting of the tiltable cutter head 24 caused by gravity when the hole is accidentally drilled and to prevent the tiltable cutter head from rotating and breaking because the tiltable cutter head cannot return to the bottom when the tiltable cutter head contacts the bottom of the well again, a torsion spring can be used for restraining the tilting of the tiltable cutter head 24. Although voids are less likely to occur in geological environments where drilling with a casing is required.

Fig. 13 is an axial side view of the three-piece type casing downhole drill bit and the combination of the drill collar and the bit thereof, showing the appearance of a downhole comprehensive casing rock-breaking tunneling system formed by combining pure axial impact rock-breaking and pure rotation with tangential cutting rock-breaking, except that the pipe shoe is not drawn.

Fig. 14 is an axial side view of the shoe of the three-piece heel tube drill of the present invention, wherein 27 is the shoe, 28 is the shoe slag groove, and 29 is the shoe spline. The lower part of the shoe 27, which is threaded for connection to the heel tube, is not shown, and a plurality of smaller shoe grooves 28 are designed to be evenly distributed along the circumference of the shoe, unlike conventional heel tube drilling tools which have a few larger grooves on the drill bit or the stabilizer. The boot spline is designated 29 simply because it is shaped much like a spline, although it has no torque transmitting function setting of a typical spline at all. Of course, in order to increase the slag discharge capacity, the pipe shoe spline 29 may be designed to protrude from the end surface of the pipe shoe, like a crown. And a slag discharge groove is arranged at the corresponding position of the drill rod clamping sleeve 9, which is not described in detail.

Fig. 15 is a side view of the three-blade heel tube down-the-hole drill bit and its combination of the drill clamping sleeve and the drill bit and the sleeved pipe boot, wherein 30 is the wall of the tilting tool bit seat, 31 is the thrust surface of the tilting tool bit, 32 is the thrust surface of the tilting tool bit seat, 33 is the pressure surface of the tilting tool bit seat, and 36 is the locking pin. Because the tiltable cutter head 24 is drawn in the tilted state, it can be shown more clearly that the axial height of the tiltable cutter head bottom 24 is smaller than its circumferential profile length, i.e. the tiltable cutter head bottom 24 is flat. When the tilting cutter head is not tilted, the tilting cutter head is matched with the three-wing cutter frame 17 to form a complete three-wing cutter head in a cutting working state. And because the structural dimension relationship perfectly matches the characteristics of cutting stress of the blade, namely the bit pressure moment is larger than the cutting moment, the tilting cutter head 24 is always pressed without the possibility of overturning and overturning, so that the tilting cutter head 24 which is thin and has no bulky characteristics of a drilling tool can be ensured to stably work, and the value of creative design is achieved. Obviously, when the tilting head 24 is tilted, the pipe shoe 27 can be withdrawn from the drill bit, i.e. the drill bit can be recovered after the drilling operation with the pipe is completed.

The design scheme of the tilting cutter head 24 and the cutter head seat is further popularized to a pure PDC drill bit or a pure drag bit, and referring to fig. 13 and fig. 15, the component of the tilting cutter head 24 in the drawing and the corresponding installation position, namely the cutter head seat, are reserved, and all the components including the drill head part 1, the drill head middle part 2, the drill head tail part 3 and the drill clamping sleeve 9 are integrated into a whole. The bit head 1 belonging to the percussion rock drilling function is removed and replaced by the blade or the slag discharge groove of the conventional PDC bit, and the tilting bit 24 is kept unchanged, so that the bit becomes a pipe-following PDC bit or a pipe-following scraper bit. Certainly, the slag discharge groove and the pipe shoe on the side surface of the drill bit can be the same as those of the existing pipe-following drilling tool, and are not described in detail.

The invention relates to a down-the-hole drill bit, which is a drill bit driven by a down-the-hole impactor and comprises a pneumatic down-the-hole drill bit, a hydraulic down-the-hole drill bit, deformation of the hydraulic down-the-hole drill bit and the like. Three lobes and/or three cutting heads and/or three wings are exemplified herein, but not limited thereto, and there may be more, for example, two, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty-one, twenty-two lobes and/or twenty-two cutting heads and/or twenty-two wings, etc. may also be counted further down.

Fig. 16 is a schematic view of a multi-lobe down-the-hole drill bit of the present invention in combination with a multi-winged tool holder with an outer ring, wherein 37 is the outer ring of the tool holder, 38 is the central impact head, and 39 is the central tooth. The tool holder root 18, which is equivalent to that shown in fig. 8, is extended and closed in the circumferential direction to form a tool holder outer ring 37, so that the tool holder is shaped like an automobile hub. The drill head 1 is enclosed in a tool rest outer ring 37, only the multi-petal down-the-hole drill and the multi-wing tool rest with the outer ring are drawn in the figure, and the multi-wing tool rest with the outer ring is a fan-shaped tool rest with more than one quarter of the fan-shaped tool rest, so that the multi-petal down-the-hole drill arranged in the multi-petal down-the-hole drill is conveniently displayed at the same time. Meanwhile, the multi-petal down-the-hole drill extends out of the multi-wing tool rest in the axial direction by a few degrees, which is almost the maximum extension when the multi-petal down-the-hole drill is impacted to work, and the rest parts are not drawn. The method of connection of the tool holder outer ring 37 to the cartridge 9 can be the same as described above and will not be described in detail. The multi-petal drill bit 1 can also be a hammer head with different shapes and extending out of the multi-petal tool rest without drawing. The layout of the rock drilling working face of the combined drill bit shown in the figure 16 perfectly conforms to and realizes the rock drilling principle that the periphery of the well bottom is suitable for cutting and is not suitable for impact, and the center of the well bottom is suitable for impact and is not suitable for cutting. Because the side teeth are seriously worn when impacting the bottom hole edge, the cutting blade linear speed is too small to keep pace with the rhythm result when cutting the bottom hole center, and the cutting blade is easily crushed. In this respect, the present invention has not been realized as well for the conventional down-the-hole bit, roller cone bit, PDC bit, or combination bit of roller cone and PDC, and there is always a weakness in their strong performance.

Fig. 17 is an axial view of the rock drilling face of the combination drill bit of the present invention, wherein 38 is the central impact head and 39 is the central tooth. The exhaust hole 6 can also be arranged in the gap between the central impact head 38 and the three-wing tool holder 17, as described above. In fig. 17, 4 central teeth 39 are arranged on the central impact head 38. That is, if the drill bit has a larger diameter, the multi-wing tool holder structure may be provided with a hole of the central impact head 38 as shown in fig. 17, so as to accommodate the larger diameter drill bit and provide the central impact head 38 for impact rock breaking. However, a multi-winged tool holder configuration without an outer ring, such as that shown in FIG. 8, is more suitable for smaller bit diameters. The central impact head 38 is preferably in a rounded polygon shape, so that the central teeth 38 are arranged to have a larger center distance, and the columnar teeth with the smallest center distance at the head of the external down-the-hole drill bit are connected to carry out impact rock breaking to form comprehensive well bottom impact rock breaking, so that a circle of ring which is not impacted to break rock is prevented from leaking, and the burden of cutting the rock breaking blade is increased. It can be seen that in the arrangement of the combined rock drilling method and the rock drilling face of the drill bit according to the invention, there may be: the four arrangement combination schemes of whether the multi-wing tool rest has an outer ring and whether the drill bit head has a central impact head can be selected. That is, there is also a solution with an outer ring without a central impact head hole, not shown, which is suitable for a solution for a small diameter drill bit with enhanced rim cutting ability. In addition, the outer ring may be multiple in larger diameter bits, resulting in a center bit 38 having a secondary center at the periphery, a bit head 1 having various shapes, and so on. It can also be said that the multi-winged tool holder is transformed from a star shape to a perforated grid shape, and the drill head 1, including the central impact head 38, is partially enclosed in the grid-shaped tool holder when the tool holder has an outer ring, or when there is no outer ring. In addition, the method that one impactor widely applied to the down-the-hole drilling tool industry can be matched with drill bits of different sizes can be realized in the invention, namely, different impactors can be matched through the drill rod clamping sleeve. This detail is not disclosed directly in the foregoing and in the drawings, although it can be inferred.

Fig. 11 to 15 and their corresponding contents may be taken as embodiments of the present invention. Fig. 15 is designated as an abstract drawing.

Claims

1. A method of rock drilling combining impact and cutting, characterized in that a combination of drilling with the drill bit head mounted stud for impact perpendicular to the rock face and drilling with the cutting tip mounted on the cutting head or tool holder cutting round the rock face only with the rotation of the cartridge, and that the two are operationally independent and mutually noninterfere.

2. The invention defined in claim 1 wherein the bit head has a bit slot in a side surface thereof, the bit head has a stud tooth in an end surface thereof, the cartridge has a bit, the bit has a cutting tip on a top end thereof, and the bit slot in the side surface of the bit head is complementary in shape to the bit on the cartridge, and the bit slot, which are engaged with each other after the bit is inserted into the cartridge, allow the bit to relatively move in an axial direction of the bit with respect to the cartridge without rotation.

3. The invention defined in claim 2 wherein the bit head has a bit groove in a side surface thereof, the bit head has a cylindrical tooth in an end surface thereof, the drill sleeve has a bit, and the bit groove in the side surface of the bit head is complementary in shape to the bit on the drill sleeve, the bit and the bit groove engaging with each other after the bit is inserted into the drill sleeve allow the bit to relatively move in the axial direction of the bit without rotation relative to the drill sleeve, and the cutting tip at the tip of the bit is removed from the drill sleeve, thereby providing a torque transmitting spline for a down-the-hole drill and a drill thereof in the side surface of the bit head.

4. The invention defined in claim 1 wherein the bit head is of a multi-lobed shape, the multi-lobed holder of a shape complementary to the multi-lobed head is engaged with the cartridge holder by the holder base being fitted into the holder seat, and the bit head is movable relative to the multi-lobed holder in the axial direction with a gap, the button being mounted on the end face of the bit head, and the cutting blade being mounted on the multi-lobed holder.

5. The invention defined in claim 1 is characterized in that the drill bit head is of a multi-petal shape, the multi-wing tool holder having a shape complementary to the multi-petal head is inserted into the tool holder base from the root of the tool holder and is connected to the chuck sleeve, and the drill bit head is movable relative to the multi-wing tool holder in the axial direction with a space left therebetween, the stud is mounted on the end face of the drill bit head, the side face of the drill bit head is provided with the boot retractor and the boot retractor rod, the chuck sleeve is provided with the boot retractor base, when the drill bit is mounted in the chuck sleeve, the boot retractor and the boot retractor rod are inserted into the boot retractor base, the drill bit and the chuck sleeve are movable relative to each other in the axial direction of the drill bit, and the cutting blade is mounted on the tiltable bit head, and the bottom of the tiltable bit has a contour dimension in the circumferential direction of the drill bit.

6. The invention defined in claim 5 wherein the multi-lobed head of the drill bit is eliminated and replaced by a fin or slag groove while retaining the tiltable bit and its tiltable bit holder, the fin or slag groove being fused with the bite collar to form a heel tube PDC bit or heel tube drag bit with the tiltable bit.

7. The invention defined in claim 1 wherein the bit head has teeth, the grid tool holder has cutting blades, and the bit head on the rock face is wholly or partially enclosed in the grid by the grid tool holder, forming independent impact and cutting breaking systems for the entire rock face, and the impact is predominant at the center of the face and the cutting is predominant at the outermost edges.