CN112194345A - Calcium aluminate full-combined tin bath top cover brick for float glass tin bath and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Calcium aluminate full-combined tin bath top cover brick for float glass tin bath and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
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- C03B18/00—Shaping glass in contact with the surface of a liquid
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of refractory materials, and particularly relates to a calcium aluminate fully-combined tin bath top cover brick for a float glass tin bath and a preparation method thereof. The brick comprises a support brick and a combined brick, wherein the support brick comprises a bottom calcium aluminate hot face brick and an upper layer light mullite heat-insulating brick; the combined brick is of a four-layer structure, and comprises a bottom calcium aluminate hot face brick, a second layer and a third layer which are light mullite heat-insulating bricks, and a top layer which is a hard calcium silicate plate; the calcium aluminate hot face brick is composed of synthetic calcium aluminate aggregate, calcium aluminate cement, calcium aluminate fine powder, mullite fine powder and micro silicon powder. The calcium aluminate fully-combined tin bath top cover brick for the float glass tin bath has the advantages of stable structure, precise size, strong thermal shock resistance, easy installation and maintenance, good heat preservation, improved air tightness of the whole tin bath, precise temperature control, reduced oxygen pollution, reduced dropping on the top of the tin bath, increased yield of glass by more than 5 percent, and effectively improved profits of glass enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of refractory materials, and particularly relates to a calcium aluminate fully-combined tin bath top cover brick for a float glass tin bath and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Today, the float glass process is used to produce most types of glass, such as high end glass for cell phones, automobiles, and display panel glass (PDP and LCD). In addition, the float glass may be used for various solar applications, such as a substrate and a cover glass of a photovoltaic cell, a cover glass of a heat collector, a reflector of a solar light-condensing unit, and the like. With the continuous improvement of the quality requirement of the float glass, higher requirements and severe tests are provided for a tin bath of thermotechnical equipment essential in the production and manufacturing process of the float glass.
The tin bath is a fully-sealed structural form formed by the bottom of the tin bath, a breast wall at the top of the tin bath and front and rear retaining walls. The melted glass liquid flows into the surface of the tin liquid in the tin bath stably and continuously at the temperature of 1100-1200 ℃ under the action of the regulating gate plate, and the glass liquid is taken in from the melting furnace in the processes of gravity leveling and tension polishing and continuously dissipates heat and contains Na2O、H2S and other aggressive chemical gases, and the amount of the aggressive gases emitted when high-end ultrathin special glass is produced is 20-35% more. The top cover of the suspended flat-top tin bath is provided with a layer of steel cover for ensuring good sealing performance on a top cover shell, a space with high, medium and low temperature is formed between the steel cover and a top cover brick, and protective gas (N) needs to be continuously injected from the top of the steel cover in the working process of the tin bath2+H2) The protective gas accounts for 1-10% of the volume content of the total tin bath space, and is preheated in the space, and then enters the bath body through the tin bath top cover combined brick. The tin bath top cover combined brick is used as a pipeline for bearing protective gas and is also used as a carrier for installing an electric heating element and a pressure test element. Thus the junction of the tin bath top coverThe choice of structure and material is very important, and it relates to the quality of the produced glass and the service life of the overall tin bath.
The existing heat-resistant concrete roof brick has short service life, no independent heat-insulating layer and poor temperature control effect, and simultaneously reduces the service life of an electric heating element and increases the maintenance cost. The top cover is easy to crack and drop slag in the using process, the atmosphere in the groove enters the crack to corrode the reinforcing bar, and the expansion amount of the reinforcing bar is increased to cause the cracking of the top cover in a larger area.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the calcium aluminate fully-combined type tin bath top cover brick for the float glass tin bath has the advantages of stable structure, precise size and strong thermal shock resistance; the invention also provides a preparation method thereof.
The calcium aluminate full-combined type tin bath top cover brick for the float glass tin bath consists of a support brick and a combined brick, wherein the support brick consists of a bottom calcium aluminate hot face brick and an upper layer light mullite heat-insulating brick; the combined brick is of a four-layer structure, and comprises a bottom calcium aluminate hot face brick, a second layer and a third layer which are light mullite heat-insulating bricks, and a top layer which is a hard calcium silicate plate; the calcium aluminate hot face brick comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45-70% of synthetic calcium aluminate aggregate, 5-7% of calcium aluminate cement, 11-25% of calcium aluminate fine powder, 10-16% of mullite fine powder and 4-7% of silica fume.
The calcium aluminate hot-face brick prepared by adopting the raw materials completely avoids the phenomena of cracking and slag falling in the using process, and can resist Na2O、K2O、H2S, SnS and other aggressive gases have excellent high temperature resistance and stripping resistance.
Wherein:
the synthetic calcium aluminate aggregate comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 57-65% of calcium hexaluminate, 29-38% of mullite and 5-8% of a binding agent; wherein the bonding agent is calcium aluminate cement.
The calcium aluminate cement comprises the following chemical compositions: al (Al)2O3 70-75％、CaO 20-25％、Fe2O3 0.1％、SiO23-7％。
The granularity of the calcium aluminate fine powder is 300 meshes; the granularity of the mullite fine powder is 200 meshes; the particle size of the micro silicon powder is 500 meshes.
The light mullite heat-insulating brick is a JM-26 type light mullite heat-insulating brick, the classification temperature of the JM-26 type light mullite heat-insulating brick is 1260-3And the thermal conductivity coefficient at 1000 ℃ is less than 0.35W/m.k.
The preparation method of the calcium aluminate hot face brick comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of synthetic calcium aluminate aggregate
The raw materials for synthesizing the calcium aluminate aggregate are extruded and molded, then are calcined for 65 to 75 hours at the high temperature of 1450 and 1470 ℃, and finally are crushed into particles with the size of 3 to 5mm for later use;
(2) mixing and pouring forming
Adding water into the raw materials of the calcium aluminate hot face brick, completely mixing, then pouring into a mould, and carrying out high-frequency vibration molding to obtain a blank;
(3) demoulding and drying
Standing the blank together with the die for 16-24h, then demoulding, and naturally curing for 24-48h after demoulding;
(4) high temperature calcination
And putting the dried blank into a high-temperature kiln for calcining, and obtaining the calcium aluminate hot face brick after calcining.
Wherein:
the calcination temperature in the step (1) is preferably 1460 ℃ and the calcination time is 70 h.
The vibration is carried out at the frequency of 145-155 times/min in the step (2), preferably, the vibration frequency is 150 times/min, and the time is less than 40 min.
The mass of the added water in the step (2) accounts for 5-8% of the total mass of the raw materials of the calcium aluminate hot-face brick.
The curing temperature in the step (3) is 15-30 ℃.
And (4) continuously heating the green body in the step (4) within 72-100h to 500 ℃, keeping the temperature constant for 12h, heating to 1000 ℃ within 48-55h, keeping the temperature constant for 3h, heating to 1400 ℃ within 48-55h, keeping the temperature constant for 2-4h, gradually cooling to 110 ℃ within 24-72h, opening the kiln, cooling, and finishing calcination.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a calcium aluminate fully-combined type tin bath top cover brick for a float glass tin bath, which is characterized in that a light mullite heat-insulating brick is bonded to a calcium aluminate hot face brick by using an adhesive, a steel fastener is used for fully fastening the brick body to obtain a supporting brick, the four-layer structure of the combined brick is bonded together by using the adhesive to obtain the combined brick, the supporting brick and the heat-insulating brick are in a lap joint structure, and the supporting brick and the heat-insulating brick are completely connected through convex-concave parts of occlusion ports between the supporting brick and the heat-insulating brick, so that the calcium aluminate fully-combined type tin bath top cover brick for the float glass tin bath is prepared.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the calcium aluminate fully-combined tin bath top cover brick for the float glass tin bath has the advantages of stable structure, precise size, strong thermal shock resistance, easy installation and maintenance, good heat preservation, improved air tightness of the whole tin bath, precise temperature control, reduced oxygen pollution, reduced dropping on the top of the tin bath, increased yield of glass by more than 5 percent, and effectively improved profits of glass enterprises.
(2) The calcium aluminate fully-combined tin bath top cover brick for the float glass tin bath, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages that the calcium aluminate hot face brick is adopted as the bottom layer, the phenomena of cracking and slag falling in the use process are avoided, and Na can be resisted2O、K2O、H2S, SnS and other aggressive gases have excellent high temperature resistance and spalling resistance; the prepared top cover brick has strong thermal shock resistance and good stability by matching the light mullite insulating brick and the hard calcium silicate board.
(3) The preparation method of the calcium aluminate fully-combined tin bath top cover brick for the float glass tin bath has the advantages of simple preparation method, easy control of process parameters and easy realization of industrialized popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a calcium aluminate fully-assembled tin bath roof brick of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. hard calcium silicate boards; 2. a heat-insulating layer; 3. a hot face brick layer; 4. an upper support layer; 5. a lower support layer; 6. reserving a hanger interface; 7. reserving a sensor through hole; 8. and reserving a through hole of the heating rod.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples.
As shown in figure 1, the calcium aluminate full-combined tin bath top cover brick for the float glass tin bath comprises supporting parts on two sides and a heat preservation part arranged between the supporting parts on the two sides, a gap of 5-10cm is reserved between two sides of the heat preservation part and the supporting parts, the supporting parts comprise an upper supporting layer 4 and a lower supporting layer 5, the heat preservation part comprises a hot face brick layer 3 on the lower layer and two heat preservation layers 2 above the hot face brick layer 3, the uppermost end of the heat preservation layer 2 is provided with a hard calcium silicate plate 1, the lower supporting layer 5 and the hot face brick layer 3 are both made of calcium aluminate hot face bricks, the upper supporting layer 4 is made of light mullite heat preservation bricks, concave and convex occlusion ports are arranged between the hot face brick layer 3 and the lower supporting layer 5, a lap joint structure is formed between the hot face brick layer 3 and the lower supporting layer 5, a reserved hanger interface 6 is arranged in the supporting parts, and a reserved sensor through hole 7 and.
The two insulating layers 2 and the upper supporting layer 4 are both made of light mullite insulating bricks.
The working process is as follows:
the lightweight mullite heat-insulating brick is bonded to the lower calcium aluminate hot face brick by using an adhesive and is sufficiently fastened by using a high-strength heat-resistant steel fastener on the premise of not damaging the brick body. All are the overlap joint structure between supporting part and the heat preservation portion, through the complete connection of the convex-concave department of interlock mouth between them, do not have any through seam, avoided the phenomenon of scurrying completely, be favorable to stable production, increase multiple heat preservation, every combination brick of heat preservation portion leaves 5-10 centimetres interlock staggered floor, guarantees to reduce the heat dissipation of molten tin bath top between the heat preservation, keeps the even transition of top temperature and has also protected cover interior electrical components increase of service life simultaneously.
Example 1
The calcium aluminate fully-combined type tin bath top cover brick for the float glass tin bath in the embodiment 1 is composed of a support brick and a combined brick, wherein the support brick is composed of a bottom calcium aluminate hot face brick and an upper layer light mullite heat-insulating brick; the combined brick is of a four-layer structure, and comprises a bottom calcium aluminate hot face brick, a second layer and a third layer which are light mullite heat-insulating bricks, and a top layer which is a hard calcium silicate plate. The raw material formulation of the calcium aluminate hot-face brick is shown in table 2, and the raw material formulation of the synthetic calcium aluminate aggregate is shown in table 1.
Wherein:
the calcium aluminate cement comprises the following chemical compositions: al (Al)2O3 70％、CaO 25％、Fe2O3 0.1％、SiO 2 4％。
The granularity of the calcium aluminate fine powder is 300 meshes; the granularity of the mullite fine powder is 200 meshes; the particle size of the micro silicon powder is 500 meshes.
The light mullite heat-insulating brick is a JM-26 type light mullite heat-insulating brick, and the classification temperature of the JM-26 type light mullite heat-insulating brick is 1350 ℃, and the volume density is 0.70g/cm3The thermal conductivity at 1000 ℃ is 0.30W/m.k.
The preparation method of the calcium aluminate hot face brick comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of synthetic calcium aluminate aggregate
Extruding and molding raw materials for synthesizing the calcium aluminate aggregate, calcining the raw materials for 70 hours at a high temperature of 1460 ℃, and finally crushing the raw materials into particles with the particle size of 4mm for later use;
(2) mixing and pouring forming
Adding water into the raw materials of the calcium aluminate hot face brick, completely mixing, then pouring into a mould, and carrying out high-frequency vibration molding to obtain a blank;
(3) demoulding and drying
Standing the blank together with the die for 20h, demoulding, and naturally curing for 36 h;
(4) high temperature calcination
And putting the dried blank into a high-temperature kiln for calcining, and obtaining the calcium aluminate hot face brick after calcining.
Wherein:
and (3) vibrating at the frequency of 150 times/min for 35min in the step (2).
The mass of the added water in the step (2) accounts for 8% of the total mass of the raw materials of the calcium aluminate hot face brick.
The curing temperature in the step (3) is 25 ℃.
And (4) continuously heating the green body in the step (4) within 85h to 500 ℃, keeping the temperature constant for 12h, heating to 1000 ℃ within 53h, keeping the temperature constant for 3h, heating to 1400 ℃ within 53h, keeping the temperature constant for 3h, gradually cooling to 110 ℃ within 48h, opening the kiln, cooling, and finishing calcination.
Example 2
The calcium aluminate fully-combined type tin bath top cover brick for the float glass tin bath in the embodiment 2 consists of a support brick and a combined brick, wherein the support brick consists of a bottom calcium aluminate hot face brick and an upper layer light mullite heat-insulating brick; the combined brick is of a four-layer structure, and comprises a bottom calcium aluminate hot face brick, a second layer and a third layer which are light mullite heat-insulating bricks, and a top layer which is a hard calcium silicate plate. The raw material formulation of the calcium aluminate hot-face brick is shown in table 2, and the raw material formulation of the synthetic calcium aluminate aggregate is shown in table 1.
Wherein:
the calcium aluminate cement comprises the following chemical compositions: al (Al)2O3 70％、CaO 25％、Fe2O3 0.1％、SiO 2 4％。
The granularity of the calcium aluminate fine powder is 300 meshes; the granularity of the mullite fine powder is 200 meshes; the particle size of the micro silicon powder is 500 meshes.
The light mullite heat-insulating brick is a JM-26 type light mullite heat-insulating brick, and the classification temperature of the JM-26 type light mullite heat-insulating brick is 1350 ℃, and the volume density is 0.70g/cm3The thermal conductivity at 1000 ℃ is 0.30W/m.k.
The preparation method of the calcium aluminate hot face brick comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of synthetic calcium aluminate aggregate
The raw materials for synthesizing the calcium aluminate aggregate are extruded and molded, then are calcined for 75 hours at the high temperature of 1450 ℃, and finally are crushed into particles with the size of 5mm for later use;
(2) mixing and pouring forming
Adding water into the raw materials of the calcium aluminate hot face brick, completely mixing, then pouring into a mould, and carrying out high-frequency vibration molding to obtain a blank;
(3) demoulding and drying
Standing the blank together with the die for 18h, demoulding, and naturally curing for 30 h;
(4) high temperature calcination
And putting the dried blank into a high-temperature kiln for calcining, and obtaining the calcium aluminate hot face brick after calcining.
Wherein:
and (3) vibrating at the frequency of 145 times/minute for 38min in the step (2).
The mass of the added water in the step (2) accounts for 7 percent of the total mass of the raw materials of the calcium aluminate hot face brick.
The curing temperature in the step (3) is 20 ℃.
And (4) continuously heating the green body in the step (4) within 72h to 500 ℃, keeping the temperature constant for 12h, heating to 1000 ℃ within 50h, keeping the temperature constant for 3h, heating to 1400 ℃ within 48h, keeping the temperature constant for 4h, gradually cooling to 110 ℃ within 30h, opening the kiln, cooling, and finishing calcination.
Example 3
The calcium aluminate fully-combined type tin bath top cover brick for the float glass tin bath in the embodiment 3 is composed of a support brick and a combined brick, wherein the support brick is composed of a bottom calcium aluminate hot face brick and an upper layer light mullite heat-insulating brick; the combined brick is of a four-layer structure, and comprises a bottom calcium aluminate hot face brick, a second layer and a third layer which are light mullite heat-insulating bricks, and a top layer which is a hard calcium silicate plate. The raw material formulation of the calcium aluminate hot-face brick is shown in table 2, and the raw material formulation of the synthetic calcium aluminate aggregate is shown in table 1.
Wherein:
the calcium aluminate cement comprises the following chemical compositions: al (Al)2O3 70％、CaO 25％、Fe2O3 0.1％、SiO 2 4％。
The granularity of the calcium aluminate fine powder is 300 meshes; the granularity of the mullite fine powder is 200 meshes; the particle size of the micro silicon powder is 500 meshes.
The light mullite heat-insulating brick is a JM-26 type light mullite heat-insulating brick, and the JM-26 type light mullite heat-insulating brickThe temperature of the stone insulating brick is 1350 ℃ and the volume density is 0.70g/cm3The thermal conductivity at 1000 ℃ is 0.30W/m.k.
The preparation method of the calcium aluminate hot face brick comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of synthetic calcium aluminate aggregate
Mixing, extruding and molding raw materials for synthesizing calcium aluminate aggregate, calcining for 75 hours in a high-temperature tunnel kiln at 1470 ℃, and finally crushing into particles with the size of 3mm for later use;
(2) mixing and pouring forming
Adding water into the raw materials of the calcium aluminate hot face brick, completely mixing, then pouring into a mould, and carrying out high-frequency vibration molding to obtain a blank;
(3) demoulding and drying
Standing the blank together with the die for 24h, demoulding, and naturally curing for 48 h;
(4) high temperature calcination
And putting the dried blank into a high-temperature kiln for calcining, and obtaining the calcium aluminate hot face brick after calcining.
Wherein:
shaking was performed at a frequency of 155 times/min for 30min as described in step (2).
The mass of the added water in the step (2) accounts for 5% of the total mass of the raw materials of the calcium aluminate hot face brick.
The curing temperature in the step (3) is 30 ℃.
And (4) continuously heating the green body in the step (4) within 100h to 500 ℃, keeping the temperature constant for 12h, heating to 1000 ℃ within 55h, keeping the temperature constant for 3h, heating to 1400 ℃ within 55h, keeping the temperature constant for 4h, gradually cooling to 110 ℃ within 72h, opening the kiln, cooling, and finishing calcination.
Examples 4 to 5
The calcium aluminate fully-combined type tin bath top-cover brick for a float glass tin bath, which is described in the embodiments 4 and 5, has the same structure and preparation method as those of the embodiment 1, and the only difference is that the raw material composition of the calcium aluminate hot face brick is different, wherein the raw material composition of the calcium aluminate hot face brick is shown in the table 2, and the synthetic calcium aluminate aggregate in the raw material is shown in the table 1.
The raw material composition of the synthetic calcium aluminate aggregate in examples 1 to 5 is shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 proportioning table of synthetic calcium aluminate aggregate raw materials
The raw material composition of the calcium aluminate thermal face bricks of examples 1-5 is shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 raw material proportioning table of calcium aluminate hot-face brick
Wherein: the volume density and the porosity are measured by adopting a GB/T2997-2015 test method for compact setting of the refractory product; the normal-temperature compressive strength is measured by a GB/T5072-2008 refractory material normal-temperature compressive strength test method; the thermal shock stability is measured by adopting a thermal shock resistance test method of the GB/T30873-.
Of course, the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the embodiments of the invention. The present invention is not limited to the above examples, and equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A calcium aluminate full-combined tin bath top cover brick for a float glass tin bath is characterized in that: the brick comprises a support brick and a combined brick, wherein the support brick comprises a bottom calcium aluminate hot face brick and an upper layer light mullite heat-insulating brick; the combined brick is of a four-layer structure, and comprises a bottom calcium aluminate hot face brick, a second layer and a third layer which are light mullite heat-insulating bricks, and a top layer which is a hard calcium silicate plate; the calcium aluminate hot face brick comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45-70% of synthetic calcium aluminate aggregate, 5-7% of calcium aluminate cement, 11-25% of calcium aluminate fine powder, 10-16% of mullite fine powder and 4-7% of silica fume.
2. The calcium aluminate fully-assembled tin bath roof brick for a float glass tin bath as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the synthetic calcium aluminate aggregate comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 57-65% of calcium hexaluminate, 29-38% of mullite and 5-8% of a binding agent; wherein the bonding agent is calcium aluminate cement.
3. The calcium aluminate fully-assembled tin bath roof brick for a float glass tin bath as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the calcium aluminate cement comprises the following chemical compositions: al (Al)2O3 70-75％、CaO 20-25％、Fe2O3 0.1％、SiO2 3-7％。
4. The calcium aluminate fully-assembled tin bath roof brick for a float glass tin bath as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the granularity of the calcium aluminate fine powder is 300 meshes; the granularity of the mullite fine powder is 200 meshes; the particle size of the micro silicon powder is 500 meshes.
5. The calcium aluminate fully-assembled tin bath roof brick for a float glass tin bath as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the light mullite heat-insulating brick is a JM-26 type light mullite heat-insulating brick, the classification temperature of the JM-26 type light mullite heat-insulating brick is 1260-3And the thermal conductivity coefficient at 1000 ℃ is less than 0.35W/m.k.
6. The calcium aluminate fully-assembled tin bath roof brick for a float glass tin bath as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the calcium aluminate hot face brick comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of synthetic calcium aluminate aggregate
The raw materials for synthesizing the calcium aluminate aggregate are extruded and molded, then are calcined for 65 to 75 hours at the high temperature of 1450 and 1470 ℃, and finally are crushed into particles with the size of 3 to 5mm for later use;
(2) mixing and pouring forming
Adding water into the raw materials of the calcium aluminate hot face brick, completely mixing, then pouring into a mould, and carrying out high-frequency vibration molding to obtain a blank;
(3) demoulding and drying
Standing the blank together with the die for 16-24h, then demoulding, and naturally curing for 24-48h after demoulding;
(4) high temperature calcination
And putting the dried blank into a high-temperature kiln for calcining, and obtaining the calcium aluminate hot face brick after calcining.
7. The calcium aluminate fully-assembled tin bath roof brick for a float glass tin bath as claimed in claim 6, wherein:
vibrating at the frequency of 145-155 times/min in the step (2);
the mass of the added water in the step (2) accounts for 5-8% of the total mass of the raw materials of the calcium aluminate hot-face brick.
8. The calcium aluminate fully-assembled tin bath roof brick for a float glass tin bath as claimed in claim 6, wherein:
the curing temperature in the step (3) is 15-30 ℃;
and (4) continuously heating the green body in the step (4) within 72-100h to 500 ℃, keeping the temperature constant for 12h, heating to 1000 ℃ within 48-55h, keeping the temperature constant for 3h, heating to 1400 ℃ within 48-55h, keeping the temperature constant for 2-4h, gradually cooling to 110 ℃ within 24-72h, opening the kiln, cooling, and finishing calcination.
9. The method for preparing the calcium aluminate fully-assembled tin bath top cover brick for the float glass tin bath according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the lightweight mullite heat-insulating brick is bonded to the calcium aluminate hot face brick by using an adhesive, the lightweight mullite heat-insulating brick is fully fastened by using a steel fastener on the premise of not damaging a brick body to obtain a supporting brick, the four-layer structure of the combined brick is bonded together by using the adhesive to obtain the combined brick, the supporting brick and the heat-insulating brick adopt a lap joint structure, and are completely connected through convex-concave parts of occlusion ports between the supporting brick and the heat-insulating brick, so that the calcium aluminate fully-combined type tin bath top cover brick for the float glass tin bath is prepared.
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