CN112192015A

CN112192015A - Method for preparing aluminum alloy composite material

Info

Publication number: CN112192015A
Application number: CN202010998217.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王书杰
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-09-22
Filing date: 2020-09-22
Publication date: 2021-01-08

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing an aluminum alloy composite material, and relates to the technical field of preparation methods of aluminum alloy composite materials. According to the method, after the aluminum alloy plate and the added composite material layer are alternately stacked and pressed in a multilayer mode, the aluminum alloy is stirred to be molten in a micro-area mode through a counter-pressure stirring and friction method, the preparation of the local aluminum-based composite material is achieved through stirring and fusion, and meanwhile the preparation of the whole aluminum alloy composite material is achieved along with the movement of a friction stirring head along a specific curve. The method does not need to carry out large-scale smelting, and has the advantages of high preparation speed, economy, environmental protection and the like.

Description

Method for preparing aluminum alloy composite material

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to a method for preparing an aluminum alloy composite material.

Background

Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are composites of metals and their alloys as matrices, artificially combined with one or more metallic or non-metallic reinforcing phases. The composite material has excellent mechanical properties, so that the composite material is widely applied to the fields of machinery, chemical engineering, power electronics and the like, and plays an increasingly important role in the industries of medicine, aerospace, navigation, aviation, automobiles, chemical engineering and the like. The aluminum-based composite material has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, fatigue resistance, heat resistance and the like, and the reinforced material mainly comprises fibers, whiskers and particles. In order to improve the properties of the matrix metal, the reinforcing material itself needs to have special properties, such as high strength, high elastic modulus, low density, high hardness, high wear resistance, good chemical stability, good wettability of the reinforcement with the matrix metal, and the like. Commonly used reinforcing materials are SiC and Al₂O₃、B₄C. Graphite, carbon fiber, etc., and may be reinforced with some metal. The preparation method comprises a powder metallurgy method, a high-energy and high-speed consolidation process, a pressure infiltration casting process, a reaction self-generation method, a liquid metal stirring casting method, a semi-solid stirring composite casting method and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to provide a method for preparing an aluminum alloy composite material, which has high manufacturing speed, is economic and environment-friendly.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the invention discloses a method for preparing an aluminum alloy composite material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

firstly, alternately spreading an aluminum alloy plate and a added composite material layer by layer according to a required proportion, then carrying out primary compaction through a cold press to form an initial blank, then pressing four sides of the initial blank through a clamping block of the aluminum alloy composite plate, testing the rotation rate of a stirring needle of a micro-zone melting generated by the tip of the stirring needle on a selected first stirring head, a selected second stirring head, a selected third stirring head and a selected fourth stirring head in the initial blank test, then testing the transverse width H and the longitudinal length D of a fusion zone under different stirring rates, and selecting the rotation rate value of the stirring needle according to the production efficiency condition;

arranging a first rolling device and a third rolling device, a second rolling device and a fourth rolling device, a third rolling device and a sixth rolling device which are respectively three sets of the rolling devices and are symmetrical to two sides of an initial blank, and arranging a first stirring head and a third stirring head, and arranging a second stirring head and a fourth stirring head which are symmetrical to two sides of the initial blank;

then setting a stirring pin displacement route map, punching holes at the initial positions of the stirring pins of the initial blank, wherein the number of the holes is two, the hole diameter is the same as the end diameter D of the stirring pins, the distance between the hole and the inner wall of the pressing block is greater than the sum of the width of a rolling wheel on a rolling device and the radius of a stirring head so as to place the rolling wheel, and the distance between the rolling wheel and the stirring head is 1-5 mm; the distance between the centers of the two holes is the distance between the centers of the two sets of opposite-pressing stirring heads;

starting the first stirring head, the second stirring head, the third stirring head, the second stirring head and the fourth stirring head, inserting the first stirring head, the third stirring head, the second stirring head and the fourth stirring head into the initial position holes in a symmetrical mode, starting the first rolling device to the sixth rolling device, symmetrically pressing the upper side and the lower side of the initial blank by three sets of rolling devices, and moving two pairs of stirring heads on the initial blank according to a stirring needle displacement route diagram; starting the first rolling device, the fourth rolling device, the second rolling device, the fifth rolling device, the third rolling device and the sixth rolling device, and synchronously moving along with the movement of the stirring head; the collision between the anti-collision probe and the stirring head and the inner wall of the pressing block is prevented according to the anti-collision probe arranged on the rolling device; after the stirring head moves to the end point of the stirring pin displacement route diagram, stopping the first stirring head and the third stirring head, and stopping the second stirring head and the fourth stirring head respectively; the first rolling device and the fourth rolling device, the second rolling device and the fifth rolling device, the third rolling device and the sixth rolling device move in a displacement mode, at the moment, the whole initial blank forms the aluminum-based composite material, then all the stirring heads and the rolling devices are far away from the aluminum-based composite material, and the preparation process is finished;

after the preparation process is finished, opening an upper clamping block and a lower clamping block of an aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block through a master control system, and removing the edge part of the initial blank clamped by the aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block through machining to prepare the part shape of the required aluminum-based composite material; for the parts of the sheet aluminum-based composite material, the parts can be directly prepared by removing the edge parts of the initial blank clamped by the aluminum alloy composite plate.

Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: according to the method, after the aluminum alloy plate and the added composite material layer are alternately stacked and pressed in a multilayer mode, the aluminum alloy is stirred to be molten in a micro-area through a friction stir welding method, the local aluminum-based composite material is prepared through stirring and fusing, and meanwhile, the whole aluminum alloy composite material is prepared along with the movement of a friction stirring head according to a specific curve. The method does not need to carry out a large amount of smelting, and has the advantages of high preparation speed, economy, environmental protection and the like.

Drawings

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the stirring process of the apparatus described in the example of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the displacement of the stirring pin of the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the stirring head of the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;

wherein: 1: a first stirring head; 2: a second stirring head; 3: a first rolling device; 4: a first anti-collision probe; 5: a rolling wheel; 6: a third stirring head; 7: a fourth stirring head; 8: is added with a composite material; 9: aluminum alloy plate; 10: a second rolling device; 11: a third rolling device; 12: a fourth controller; 13: a second controller; 14: a first controller; 15: a fifth controller; 16: a master control system; 17: an aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block; 18: a fourth rolling device; 19: a fifth rolling device; 20: a sixth rolling device; 21: a second displacement detector; 22: a fourth displacement detector; 23: a first displacement detector; 24: a third displacement detector; 25: an aluminum matrix composite; 26: a stir pin displacement roadmap; 27: a stirring pin; 28: a fusion zone; 29: initial blank material; 30: and a third controller.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a device for preparing an aluminum alloy composite material, which comprises an aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block 17, wherein the aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block 17 is used for clamping an aluminum alloy composite plate 29, the aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block comprises an upper clamping block and a lower clamping block, driving devices are arranged on the outer sides of the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block and used for driving the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block to move, the driving devices are controlled by a main control system 16, clamping grooves are formed in the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block, and the aluminum alloy composite plate is located in the clamping grooves; the shape of the upper and lower holding grooves of the aluminum alloy clad plate holding block 17 is determined according to the shape of the starting blank 29. The grip block is inboard the upside of composite sheet is provided with first stirring head 1 and second stirring head 2, just first stirring head 1 and second stirring head 2 vertically set up, with first stirring head 1 and second stirring head 2 position are relative the downside of composite sheet is provided with third stirring head 7 and fourth stirring head 6, the stirring head is used for heating its aluminium alloy composite sheet on every side under the on-state, makes aluminium alloy 9 wherein be partial micro-melting state.

Be located the rear side of first stirring head 1 and the side of controlling are provided with third rolling machine 11, first rolling machine 3 and second rolling machine 10 respectively, with third rolling machine 11, first rolling machine 3 and second rolling machine 10 correspond the downside setting of composite sheet is provided with sixth rolling machine 20, fourth rolling machine 18 and fifth rolling machine 19 respectively, rolling machine is used for rolling the aluminum alloy after melting a little to prevent that the aluminum alloy layer from making it with add combined material 8 in the composite sheet and combine together because rotatory fold.

Further, as shown in fig. 1, the first rolling device 3 and the fourth rolling device 18 are connected with a first controller 14 and controlled by the first controller 14, a plurality of first anti-collision probes 4 are arranged on the first rolling device 3 and the fourth rolling device 18, the first anti-collision probes are connected with a signal input end of the first controller 14 and used for detecting the distance between the first rolling device 3 and the fourth rolling device 18 and the clamping block to prevent the first rolling device 3 and the fourth rolling device 18 from colliding with the clamping block, and the first controller 14 is connected with a main control system 16 and used for receiving the control of the main control system 16.

Further, as shown in fig. 1, the second rolling machine 10 and the fifth rolling machine 19 are connected to a second controller 13 and controlled by the second controller 13, a plurality of second anti-collision probes are arranged on the second rolling machine 10 and the fifth rolling machine 19, the second anti-collision probes are connected to a signal input end of the second controller 13 and used for detecting a distance between the second rolling machine 10 and the fifth rolling machine 19 and the clamping block to prevent the second rolling machine 10 and the fifth rolling machine 19 from colliding with the clamping block, and the second controller 13 is connected to a main control system 16 and used for receiving control of the main control system 16.

Further, as shown in fig. 1, the third rolling machine 11 and the sixth rolling machine 20 are connected to a third controller 30, and controlled by the third controller 30, a plurality of third collision prevention probes are arranged on the third rolling machine 11 and the sixth rolling machine 20, the third collision prevention probes are connected to a signal input end of the third controller 30, and are configured to detect a distance between the third rolling machine 11 and the sixth rolling machine 20 and the clamping block, so as to prevent the third rolling machine 11 and the sixth rolling machine 20 from colliding with the clamping block, and the third controller 30 is connected to a main control system 16, and is configured to receive control of the main control system 16.

Further, as shown in fig. 2, the first pin 1, the second pin 2, the third pin 7, and the fourth pin 6 are formed with pins 27, and the pins 27 have the same or different lengths, and the upper pin 27 is disposed opposite to the lower pin 27 with a predetermined distance therebetween. As shown in fig. 1, the first stirring head 1 and the third stirring head 7 are connected to a fourth controller 12 and controlled by the fourth controller 12, the first stirring head 1 is provided with a first distance sensor 23, the first distance sensor 23 is connected to the fourth controller 12, the third stirring head 7 is provided with a third distance sensor 24, the third distance sensor 24 is connected to the fourth controller 12, the first distance sensor 23 and the third distance sensor 24 measure the distance between the stirring pins 27 on the two stirring heads, so as to prevent the stirring pins on the two corresponding stirring heads from contacting, and the fourth controller is connected to a main control system and is configured to receive the control of the main control system.

Further, as shown in fig. 1, the second stirrer head 2 and the fourth stirrer head 6 are connected to a fifth controller 15 and controlled by the fifth controller 15, the second stirrer head 2 is provided with a second distance sensor 21, the second distance sensor 21 is connected to the fifth controller 15, the fourth stirrer head 6 is provided with a fourth distance sensor 22, the fourth distance sensor 22 is connected to the fifth controller 15, the second distance sensor 21 and the fourth distance sensor 22 measure the distance between the stirrer pins 27 on the two stirrer heads, so as to prevent the stirrer pins 27 on the two corresponding stirrer heads from contacting, and the fifth controller 15 is connected to the main control system 16 and is configured to receive the control of the main control system 16.

Further, as shown in fig. 4, the micro-melting zone generated by the stirring pin has a transverse width H and a longitudinal length D; the lengths of the stirring pins 27 on the first stirring head 1 and the third stirring head 7 are equal, the lengths are k/2-D, and k is the thickness of the aluminum alloy composite plate; the length of the stirring pin 27 on the second stirring head 2 is greater than k/2, the distance between the tip of the stirring pin 27 on the second stirring head 2 and the tip of the upper stirring pin 27 on the fourth stirring head 6 is D, and the distance L between two adjacent paths on the stirring pin displacement route pattern 26 is less than 2H, as shown in fig. 3.

The embodiment of the invention also discloses a method for preparing the aluminum alloy composite material by using the device, which comprises the following steps:

firstly, alternately spreading an aluminum alloy plate 9 and a composite material 8 to be added layer by layer according to a required proportion, then carrying out primary compaction through a cold press to form an initial blank 29, then pressing four sides of the initial blank through an aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block 17, testing the critical stirring pin rotation rate of microcell melting generated by the tips of the stirring pins 27 on the selected first stirring head 1, the second stirring head 2, the third stirring head 7 and the fourth stirring head 6 in the initial blank 29 under the configuration of the material, then testing the transverse width H and the longitudinal length D of a fusion area 28 under different stirring rates, and selecting the stirring pin rotation rate value according to the production efficiency condition;

arranging a first rolling device 3 and a third rolling device 18, a second rolling device 10 and a fourth rolling device 19, a third rolling device 11 and a sixth rolling device 20 to be three sets of rollers which are symmetrical to two sides of an initial blank 29, and arranging a first stirring head 1 and a third stirring head 7, and arranging a second stirring head 2 and a fourth stirring head 6 which are symmetrical to two sides of the initial blank 29;

then setting a stirring pin displacement route pattern 26 (shown in fig. 3), punching two holes at the initial positions of the stirring pins of the initial blank 29, wherein the hole diameter is the same as the end diameter D of the stirring pin 27, the distance from the hole to the inner wall of the aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block 17 is greater than the sum of the width of a rolling wheel 5 on a rolling device and the radius of a stirring head so as to place the rolling wheel 5, and the distance between the rolling wheel 5 and the stirring head is 1-5 mm; the distance between the centers of the two holes is the distance between the centers of the two sets of opposite-pressing stirring heads;

starting the first stirring head to the fourth stirring head, inserting the first stirring head 1, the third stirring head 7, the second stirring head 2 and the fourth stirring head 6 into the initial position holes in a symmetrical mode, starting the first rolling device to the sixth rolling device, symmetrically pressing the upper side and the lower side of the initial blank 29 by three sets of rolling devices, and moving two pairs of stirring heads on the initial blank 29 according to a stirring pin displacement route pattern 26; starting the first rolling device 3 and the fourth rolling device 18, the second rolling device 10 and the fifth rolling device 19, the third rolling device 11 and the sixth rolling device 20, and synchronously moving along with the movement of the stirring head; the collision between the anti-collision probe and the stirring head and the inner wall of the aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block 17 is prevented according to the anti-collision probe arranged on the rolling device; after the stirring head moves to the end point of the stirring pin displacement route map 26, stopping the first stirring head 1, the third stirring head 7, the second stirring head 2 and the fourth stirring head 6 respectively; the first rolling device 3, the fourth rolling device 18, the second rolling device 10, the fifth rolling device 19, the third rolling device 11 and the sixth rolling device 20 move, at this time, the whole initial blank 29 forms the aluminum-based composite material, then all the stirring heads and the rolling devices are far away from the aluminum-based composite material, and the preparation process is finished;

after the preparation process is finished, the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block of the aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block 17 are opened through the main control system, the edge part of the initial blank 29 clamped by the aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block 17 is removed through machining, and the required part shape of the aluminum matrix composite material is prepared. For the parts of the sheet aluminum matrix composite, it is possible to directly prepare by removing the edge portion of the initial blank 29 by the aluminum alloy composite plate holding block 17.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an aluminum alloy composite material using an apparatus for preparing an aluminum alloy composite material, characterized by comprising the steps of:

firstly, alternately spreading an aluminum alloy plate (9) and an added composite material (8) layer by layer according to a required proportion, then carrying out primary compaction through a cold press to form an initial blank (29), then pressing four sides of the initial blank through an aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block (17), testing the critical stirring needle rotation speed of micro-zone melting generated by the tips of the stirring needles (27) on the selected first stirring head (1), the second stirring head (2), the third stirring head (7) and the fourth stirring head (6) in the initial blank (29), then testing the transverse width H and the longitudinal length D of a fusion zone (28) under different stirring speeds, and selecting the stirring needle rotation speed value according to the production efficiency condition;

arranging a first rolling device (3), a third rolling device (18), a second rolling device (10), a fourth rolling device (19), a third rolling device (11) and a sixth rolling device (20) which are respectively three sets of rolling devices and are symmetrical to two sides of an initial blank (29), and arranging a first stirring head (1), a third stirring head (7), a second stirring head (2) and a fourth stirring head (6) which are symmetrical to two sides of the initial blank (29);

then setting a stirring pin displacement route diagram (26), punching holes at the initial positions of the stirring pins of the initial blank (29), wherein the number of the holes is two, the size of the hole diameter is the same as the diameter D of the end part of the stirring pin (27), the distance between the hole and the inner wall of the aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block (17) is greater than the sum of the width of a rolling wheel (5) on a rolling device and the radius of a stirring head so as to place the rolling wheel (5), and the distance between the rolling wheel (5) and the stirring head is 1-5 mm; the distance between the centers of the two holes is the distance between the centers of the two sets of opposite-pressing stirring heads;

starting the first stirring head to the fourth stirring head, inserting the first stirring head (1), the third stirring head (7), the second stirring head (2) and the fourth stirring head (6) into the initial position holes in a symmetrical mode, starting the first rolling device to the sixth rolling device, symmetrically pressing three sets of rolling devices on the upper side and the lower side of an initial blank (29), and moving two pairs of stirring heads on the initial blank (29) according to a stirring pin displacement route diagram (26); starting the first rolling device (3), the fourth rolling device (18), the second rolling device (10), the fifth rolling device (19), the third rolling device (11) and the sixth rolling device (20), and synchronously moving along with the movement of the stirring head; the anti-collision probe arranged on the rolling device is prevented from colliding with the stirring head and the inner wall of the aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block (17); after the stirring head moves to the end point of the stirring needle displacement route map (26), stopping the first stirring head (1), the third stirring head (7), the second stirring head (2) and the fourth stirring head (6) respectively; the first rolling device (3), the fourth rolling device (18), the second rolling device (10), the fifth rolling device (19), the third rolling device (11) and the sixth rolling device (20) move in a displacement mode, at the moment, the whole initial blank (29) forms the aluminum-based composite material, then all stirring heads and the rolling devices are far away from the aluminum-based composite material, and the preparation process is finished;

after the preparation process is finished, opening an upper clamping block and a lower clamping block of an aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block (17) through a master control system, and removing the edge part of an initial blank (29) clamped by the aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block (17) through machining to prepare the part shape of the required aluminum-based composite material; for the parts of the sheet aluminum-based composite material, the parts can be directly prepared by removing the edge part of the initial blank (29) clamped by the aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block (17).

2. The method of making an aluminum alloy composite material of claim 1, wherein: the device comprises an aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block (17), wherein the aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block (17) is used for clamping an aluminum alloy composite plate (29), a first stirring head (1) and a second stirring head (2) are arranged on the upper side of the composite plate on the inner side of the clamping block, the first stirring head (1) and the second stirring head (2) are longitudinally arranged, a third stirring head (7) and a fourth stirring head (6) are arranged on the lower side of the composite plate opposite to the first stirring head (1) and the second stirring head (2), and the stirring heads are used for heating the aluminum alloy composite plate around the stirring heads under an electrified state to enable the aluminum alloy (9) to be in a partial micro-melting state; be located the rear side and the left and right sides of first stirring head (1) are provided with third rolling machine (11), first rolling machine (3) and second rolling machine (10) respectively, with third rolling machine (11), first rolling machine (3) and second rolling machine (10) correspond the downside setting of composite sheet is provided with sixth rolling machine (20), fourth rolling machine (18) and fifth rolling machine (19) respectively, rolling machine is used for rolling the aluminium alloy of melting a little to prevent that the aluminium alloy layer from rolling because rotatory fold, make it with add combined material (8) in the composite sheet and combine together.

3. The method of making an aluminum alloy composite material of claim 2, wherein: first rolling device (3) and fourth rolling device (18) are connected with first controller (14), are controlled by first controller (14), be provided with first crashproof probe of a plurality of (4) on first rolling device (3) and fourth rolling device (18), first crashproof probe with the signal input part of first controller (14) is connected, is used for surveying first rolling device (3) and fourth rolling device (18) distance the distance of grip block prevents first rolling device (3) and fourth rolling device (18) with the grip block collides, first controller (14) is connected with major control system (16), is used for receiving the control of major control system (16).

4. The method of making an aluminum alloy composite material of claim 2, wherein: second rolling machine (10) and fifth rolling machine (19) are connected with second controller (13), are controlled by second controller (13), be provided with a plurality of second anticollision probe on second rolling machine (10) and fifth rolling machine (19), the second anticollision probe with the signal input part of second controller (13) is connected, is used for surveying second rolling machine (10) and fifth rolling machine (19) distance the distance of grip block prevents second rolling machine (10) and fifth rolling machine (19) with the grip block collides, second controller (13) is connected with major control system (16), is used for receiving the control of major control system (16).

5. The method of making an aluminum alloy composite material of claim 2, wherein: the third rolling device (11) and the sixth rolling device (20) are connected with a third controller (30) and controlled by the third controller (30), a plurality of third collision prevention probes are arranged on the third rolling device (11) and the sixth rolling device (20), the third collision prevention probes are connected with a signal input end of the third controller (30) and used for detecting the distance between the third rolling device (11) and the sixth rolling device (20) and the clamping block and preventing the third rolling device (11) and the sixth rolling device (20) from colliding with the clamping block, and the third controller (30) is connected with a main control system (16) and used for receiving control of the main control system (16).

6. The method of making an aluminum alloy composite material of claim 2, wherein: the stirring needles (27) are formed on the first stirring head (1), the second stirring head (2), the third stirring head (7) and the fourth stirring head (6), the lengths of the stirring needles (27) are the same or different, the stirring needle (27) on the upper side and the stirring needle (27) on the lower side are oppositely arranged, and a certain distance is kept between the stirring needles and the stirring needles.

7. The method of making an aluminum alloy composite material of claim 6, wherein: first stirring head (1) and third stirring head (7) are connected with fourth controller (12), are controlled by fourth controller (12), be provided with first distance sensor (23) on first stirring head (1), first distance sensor (23) with fourth controller (12) are connected, be provided with third distance sensor (24) on third stirring head (7), third distance sensor (24) with fourth controller (12) are connected, through distance between stirring needle (27) on two stirring heads is measured to first distance sensor (23) and third distance sensor (24), prevents that the stirring needle on two corresponding stirring heads from contacting, the fourth controller is connected with master control system, is used for accepting master control system's control.

8. The method of making an aluminum alloy composite material of claim 6, wherein: second agitator head (2) and fourth agitator head (6) are connected with fifth controller (15), are controlled by fifth controller (15), be provided with second distance sensor (21) on second agitator head (2), second distance sensor (21) with fifth controller (15) are connected, be provided with fourth distance sensor (22) on fourth agitator head (6), fourth distance sensor (22) with fifth controller (15) are connected, through distance between agitator needle (27) on two agitator heads is measured to second distance sensor (21) and fourth distance sensor (22), prevents agitator needle (27) on two corresponding agitator heads from contacting, fifth controller (15) is connected with master control system (16), is used for accepting the control of master control system (16).

9. The method of making an aluminum alloy composite material of claim 6, wherein: the transverse width of a micro-melting zone generated by the stirring pin is H, and the longitudinal length of the micro-melting zone is D; the lengths of the stirring needles (27) on the first stirring head (1) and the third stirring head (7) are equal, the lengths are k/2-D, and k is the thickness of the aluminum alloy composite plate; the length of the stirring needle (27) on the second stirring head (2) is more than k/2, the distance between the tip of the stirring needle (27) on the second stirring head and the tip of the stirring needle (27) on the fourth stirring head (6) is D, and the distance L between two adjacent paths on the stirring needle displacement path diagram (26) is less than 2H.

10. The method of making an aluminum alloy composite material of claim 2, wherein: the aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block comprises an upper clamping block and a lower clamping block, driving devices are arranged on the outer sides of the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block and used for driving the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block to move, the driving devices are controlled by a main control system (16), clamping grooves are formed in the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block, and the aluminum alloy composite plate is located in the clamping grooves; the shapes of the upper clamping grooves of the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block of the aluminum alloy composite plate clamping block (17) are determined according to the shape of the initial blank (29).