CN112189417B - Rice big seedling planting device - Google Patents
Rice big seedling planting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112189417B CN112189417B CN202010998925.5A CN202010998925A CN112189417B CN 112189417 B CN112189417 B CN 112189417B CN 202010998925 A CN202010998925 A CN 202010998925A CN 112189417 B CN112189417 B CN 112189417B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/003—Transplanting machines for aquatic plants; for planting underwater, e.g. rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/006—Other parts or details or planting machines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Transplanting Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rice big seedling planting device, which comprises a rice big seedling planting mechanism, wherein the rice big seedling planting mechanism comprises a machine base, and an inserting and planting assembly, a sun gear and a transmission gear set which are used for transmitting power to the inserting and planting assembly are arranged on the machine base; the transmission gear set comprises two transition gears and a planet gear, and the sun gear, the transition gears and the planet gear are all elliptic gears; the two transition wheels are arranged on the same rotating shaft, and the phases of the two transition wheels are different; one transition wheel is meshed with the sun wheel, and the other transition wheel is meshed with the planet wheel; the planet wheel is in driving connection with the transplanting assembly. The planetary gear train can generate rich variation rules and variation ranges, and the generated planting track can bypass high-seedling rice and can meet the requirement of transplanting long-seedling old seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a rice seedling planting mechanism and a rice seedling planting device driven at a non-uniform speed.
Background
The main rice production area in south China is mostly multi-cropping planting, season stubble is very short compared with a one-year cropping planting mode abroad, and machine transplanting of long-seedling-age large seedlings of rice is urgently needed in production so as to properly prolong the seedling age of the rice and shorten the growth period of a large field.
The existing high-speed rice transplanter planting mechanism realizes the required planting track through a non-circular gear planetary gear train, is mainly suitable for blanket-shaped medium and small seedling transplanting, the planting track is suitable for the seedling height range of generally 10-20cm, and when the mechanism is directly used for transplanting large rice seedlings exceeding the seedling height range, the planting track can not bypass the seedlings planted in soil to push down the seedlings, so that the problems of bridging, seedling pushing, seedling injury and the like are caused.
The planting track of the existing planting mechanism can not adapt to the big seedling, and the main reason is as follows: after the seedling claw takes the seedling and plants the seedling into the soil, the height of the seedling to be bypassed is parallel to the seedling door of the seedling box and enters the next seedling taking and planting circulation. When the planted seedlings are too high, the seedling claws cannot completely bypass the height of the seedlings, and only a part of the seedlings needs to be swept to move to a seedling gate, so that the seedlings are easy to fall down.
As shown in the attached figure 1, the planting mechanism of the existing rice transplanter adopts a planetary gear train based on an elliptic gear or other non-circular gears, the planetary gear train comprises a sun gear, a transition gear and a planetary gear, the transition gear is respectively butted with the sun gear and the planetary gear so as to transmit the power of the sun gear to the planetary gear to drive a seedling planting arm to run, and the structure forms a proper planting motion track through the non-uniform transmission characteristic. The elliptic gear train is simple and convenient to design and process and smooth in transmission, but the elliptic parameters of all gears in the structure are required to be consistent, so that the transmission ratio change rule is single, the change range is small, the design of the planting track is limited, and the requirement of the large-seedling planting track is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a non-uniform transmission rice big seedling planting mechanism and a non-uniform transmission rice big seedling planting device, which overcome the defect of single change rule and small change range of the traditional planetary gear train and can meet the requirement of rice big seedling planting.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the non-uniform-speed-transmission rice seedling planting mechanism comprises a base, wherein an inserting and planting assembly, a sun gear and a transmission gear set are mounted on the base, and the sun gear and the transmission gear set are used for transmitting power to the inserting and planting assembly;
the transmission gear set comprises two transition gears and a planet gear, and the sun gear, the transition gears and the planet gear are all non-circular gears;
the two transition wheels are arranged on the same rotating shaft, and the phases of the two transition wheels are different; one of the transition wheels is meshed with the sun wheel, and the other transition wheel is meshed with the planet wheel; the planet wheel is in driving connection with the transplanting assembly.
Furthermore, insert and plant the subassembly and have the multiunit, all insert plant the subassembly for the rotation center circumference array setting of sun gear, just the sun gear with every group insert and plant all be provided with between the subassembly the drive gear group.
Furthermore, the sun gear, the transition gear and the planet gear are all elliptic gears, and the eccentricity of all the elliptic gears ranges from 0.10 to 0.15.
Further, in an initial state, a phase angle between a seedling taking needle of the transplanting assembly and a long axis of the planet wheel is 70-85 degrees; the phase angle between the long axis of the sun wheel and the horizontal plane is 55-62 degrees, and the phase difference between the long axes of the two transition wheels is 0-15 degrees.
Further, the transplanting assembly comprises an assembly shell, a seedling taking needle and a push rod;
the assembly shell is rotatably connected with the base and is fixed relative to the planet wheel; the seedling taking needle is fixed on the component shell;
the end part of the seedling taking needle is provided with a notch for rice seedlings to be embedded; the end part of the push rod is provided with two wing plates which are arranged in parallel, a containing groove is formed between the two wing plates, and the containing groove is arranged opposite to the notch;
the push rod can translate relative to the seedling taking needle, and the push rod and the seedling taking needle periodically reciprocate at intervals along with the periodic movement of the component shell.
A rice big seedling planting device comprises a rack, wherein a plurality of groups of seedling carrying platforms are arranged on the rack, and the rice big seedling planting mechanism is arranged on the rack corresponding to each seedling carrying platform;
the rack is provided with a driving device for driving the rice seedling planting mechanism to operate;
the seedling carrying table can be in reciprocating translation periodically relative to the frame.
Furthermore, the seedling carrying platform and the driving device are driven by the same power source.
Has the advantages that: the non-uniform-speed-transmission rice seedling planting mechanism and the planting device are provided with the two transition wheels which are respectively meshed with the sun wheel and the planet wheel, so that the traditional planetary gear train is divided into the two stages of independent transmission gear sets, the two transition wheels rotate with the same rotating shaft and have different phases, and the elliptic parameters of the two stages of transmission gear sets can be different, so that the planetary gear train formed by the sun wheel and the transmission gear set can generate rich change rules and change ranges, the optimized space of the planting track is larger, the generated planting track can bypass higher rice seedlings, and the planting device can meet the requirement of transplanting long-seedling-age large seedlings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing the structure of a conventional rice planting apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a non-uniform speed rice seedling planting mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a rice seedling planting mechanism driven at a non-uniform speed;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a combination structure of a sun gear and a transmission gear set;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional structural view of the insertion assembly;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a comparison between a planting path of the planting mechanism of the present invention and a planting path of a conventional planting mechanism;
FIG. 7 is a first view structural view of the rice seedling planting apparatus;
FIG. 8 is a second view structural view of the rice seedling planting apparatus;
FIG. 9 is a structural view of a driving mechanism for driving the seedling carrying table to move;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a driving mechanism for driving the seedling carrying table to move in the preferred embodiment.
In the figure: 1-a machine base; 2-inserting the component; 21-seedling taking needle; 211-notches; 22-a push rod; 221-wing plate; 23-a housing; 24-a cam; 25-lever; 251-a boss; 26-a connecting rod; 27-a spring; 28-an elastic strut; 3-a sun gear; 4-a transmission gear set; 41-transition wheel; 42-a planet wheel; 5-a frame; 61-seedling carrying platform; 62-a drive screw; 63-a slide block; 621-a helical groove portion; 622-ring groove part; 631-an insertion part; 64-a tee; 65-bellows; 66-auxiliary screw; 661-pushing the spiral groove; 67-a pusher; 68-a push spring; 7-a drive device; 8-leveling the soil plate; 10-a traction machine; 101-a ground wheel; 102-shelf.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A non-uniform-speed-transmission rice seedling planting mechanism (hereinafter referred to as a "planting mechanism") as shown in fig. 2-3, which comprises a machine base 1, wherein an inserting and planting assembly 2, a sun gear 3 and a transmission gear set 4 are mounted on the machine base 1, and the sun gear 3 and the transmission gear set are used for transmitting power to the inserting and planting assembly 2; the transmission gear set 4 comprises two transition gears 41 and a planet gear 42, and the sun gear 3, the transition gears 41 and the planet gear 42 are all non-circular gears, and in the embodiment, the three are elliptic gears; the two transition wheels 41 are arranged on the same rotating shaft, and the phases of the two transition wheels are different (as shown in figure 4); one of the transition wheels 41 is meshed with the sun wheel 3, and the other transition wheel 41 is meshed with the planet wheel 42; the planet wheel 42 is in driving connection with the transplanting assembly 2.
According to the structure, the two transition wheels 41 are arranged, and the two transition wheels 41 are respectively meshed with the sun wheel 3 and the planet wheel 42, so that a planetary gear train of the traditional planting mechanism is split into two stages of mutually independent transmission gear sets, and because the two transition wheels 41 are in the same rotating shaft and have different phases, and elliptical parameters of the two stages of transmission gear sets can be set to be different, the planetary gear train formed by the sun wheel and the transmission gear sets can generate rich change rules and change ranges, the optimized space of the planting track is large, the generated planting track can bypass high rice seedlings, and the transplanting requirement of the long-seedling-age large seedlings can be met.
Preferably, the eccentricity of all the elliptic gears ranges from 0.10 to 0.15. In an initial state, the phase angle between the seedling taking needle 21 of the transplanting assembly 2 and the long axis of the planet wheel 42 is 70-85 degrees; the phase angle between the long axis of the sun gear 3 and the horizontal plane is 55-62 degrees, and the phase difference between the long axes of the two transition wheels 41 is 0-15 degrees. By adopting the parameters, the height of the planting track bypassing the transplanted seedlings is effectively increased, and the planting mechanism can be used for transplanting the medium and small seedlings of the rice and can also meet the requirement of transplanting the large seedlings with long seedling age. Taking the eccentricity of the elliptic gear of 0.10, the phase angle between the seedling taking needle 21 and the long axis of the planet wheel 42 of 70 degrees, the phase angle between the long axis of the sun wheel 3 and the horizontal plane of 55 degrees and the phase difference between the long axes of the two transition wheels 41 of 15 degrees as examples, the generated planting track is shown in the attached drawing 6, in the drawing, the dot-dash line is the planting track of the traditional planting structure, and the solid line is the planting track of the planting structure of the invention, so that the height of the seedling which can be bypassed by the planting mechanism of the invention is more than three times of the height of the seedling which can be bypassed by the common planting component.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, there are two groups of the inserting and planting assemblies 2, all the inserting and planting assemblies 2 are arranged in a circumferential array relative to the rotation center of the sun gear 3, and the transmission gear set 4 is arranged between the sun gear 3 and each group of the inserting and planting assemblies 2. Therefore, the seedling taking and planting operation can be completed twice in one rotation period, and the planting efficiency is improved.
As shown in fig. 5, the transplanting assembly 2 comprises an assembly housing 23, a seedling taking needle 21 and a push rod 22; the assembly housing 23 is connected to the machine base 1 in a rotatable manner and is fixed relative to the planet wheels 42; the seedling taking needle 21 is fixed on the component shell 23; the end part of the seedling taking needle 21 is provided with a notch 211 for the rice seedling to be embedded; the end part of the push rod 22 is provided with two wing plates 221 which are arranged in parallel, a containing groove is formed between the two wing plates 221, and the containing groove is arranged opposite to the notch 211; the push rod 22 can translate relative to the seedling taking needle 21, and both reciprocate with periodic clearance along with the periodic movement of the component housing 23.
When the transplanting assembly 2 obtains seedlings, the seedlings are embedded into the notches 211, part of the seedlings are embedded into the accommodating groove between the two wing plates 221, and along with the operation of the transplanting mechanism, when the end parts of the seedling taking needles 21 reach the target transplanting positions of the seedlings, the push rods 22 move relative to the seedling taking needles 21 to push the seedlings out of the notches 211 and plant the seedlings into the soil.
Specifically, a driving assembly for driving the push rod 22 is mounted in the assembly housing 23, the driving assembly includes a cam 24 fixed to the housing 1, an outer contour of the cam 24 has an involute-shaped portion, and a stepped portion is provided between both ends of the involute-shaped portion; the drive assembly further comprises a lever 25 and a link 26; two ends of the lever 25 are respectively hinged on the assembly shell 23 and one end of the connecting rod 26, and the lever 25 is provided with a convex part 251 matched with the cam 24; the other end of the connecting rod 26 is hinged to the push rod 22, and the push rod 22 can slide in translation relative to the base 1. The assembly housing 23 is also provided with springs 27 and resilient struts 28 disposed on opposite sides of the middle of the lever 25. By adopting the structure, when the assembly shell 23 drives the lever 25 to rotate relative to the base 1, the involute-shaped profile on the cam 24 acts on the convex part 251 to enable the lever 25 to rotate, the spring 27 is compressed, the push rod 22 gradually retracts, when the convex part 251 reaches the step profile of the cam 24, the lever 25 is released, the spring 27 enables the lever 25 to instantly rotate, and the push rod 22 is rapidly pushed out to finish the seedling transplanting operation; the resilient strut 28 is preferably made of rubber, which can withstand the impact of the lever 25, reducing noise and vibration.
The invention also provides a rice big seedling planting device, which comprises a frame 5 as shown in the attached drawings 7 and 8, wherein a plurality of groups of seedling carrying platforms 61 are arranged on the frame 5, and the rice big seedling planting mechanism is arranged on the frame 5 corresponding to each seedling carrying platform 61; and a driving device 7 for driving the rice seedling planting mechanism to operate is arranged on the frame 5.
The driving device 7 can simultaneously drive the sun gear 3 and the machine base 1 to rotate relative to the frame 5, and the rotating speeds of the sun gear 3 and the frame 5 are different. When the driving device 7 is operated, the machine base 1 rotates relative to the machine frame 5, and simultaneously, each transplanting assembly 2 rotates relative to the machine frame 5, so that the tail end of the seedling taking needle 21 can move according to the planting track, and the transplanting assembly 2 can carry out the operations of taking seedlings, transplanting seedlings and bypassing the planted seedlings.
All the seedling carrying tables 61 can synchronously do periodic reciprocating translational motion relative to the frame 5 within a set interval, and the translational motion of the seedling carrying tables 61 is regular and intermittent. Because the translational motion of the seedling carrying table 61 is regular and intermittent, the seedling blanket on the seedling carrying table 61 stays for a period of time for the transplanting assembly 2 to separate the seedlings when moving for a certain distance, so the difficulty of separating the seedlings is low, and the design difficulty and the debugging difficulty of the cooperative fit between the mechanisms are both low.
Specifically, in order to realize regular intermittent translational motion of the seedling carrying tables 61, all the seedling carrying tables 61 are mutually fixed to form an integral placing frame, and convex edges for separation are arranged between adjacent seedling carrying tables 61; a driving mechanism is arranged between the integrated placing frame and the rack 5; as shown in fig. 9, the driving mechanism includes a driving screw 62 and a slider 63; the driving screw 62 is rotatably mounted relative to the frame 5, and two groups of guide grooves which are bidirectional in the forward direction and the reverse direction are formed on the driving screw, and two ends of the two groups of guide grooves are communicated with each other; each group of guide grooves comprises a spiral groove part 621 and a ring groove part 622 which are regularly arranged at intervals; the slide block 63 is fixed to the integral shelf, and an insertion portion 631, which is placed in the guide groove, is provided at an end thereof.
By adopting the driving mechanism, because the two ends of the two sets of the guiding grooves in the forward direction and the reverse direction are communicated with each other, when the driving screw 62 rotates, the embedding part 631 can move back and forth in the two sets of the guiding grooves in the forward direction and the reverse direction in a circulating manner to realize the regular back and forth movement of all the seedling carrying tables 61, and when the embedding part 631 moves in each guiding groove (in the forward direction or in the reverse direction), because the guiding groove is composed of the spiral groove part 621 and the ring groove part 622 which are arranged at regular intervals, the embedding part 631 moves at the interval between the spiral groove part 621 and the ring groove part 622, and the seedling carrying tables 61 can stop for a period of time when moving.
In order to make the slide block 63 and the driving screw 62 stably matched, the driving mechanism further comprises a T-shaped three-way piece 64, and a bidirectional through hole and a one-way through hole which are in T-shaped layout are formed in the three-way piece; the drive screw 62 passes through the bidirectional through hole, and the three-way piece 64 can slide relative to the drive screw 62; the slider 63 is mounted in the one-way through hole.
In addition, the two sides of the three-way part 64 are respectively connected with a telescopic corrugated pipe 65, and the corrugated pipes 65 can prevent dirt from polluting the screw 62 and protect the screw 62.
In the above solution, the annular groove portion 622 on the screw 62 is a complete annular groove, and after the inserting portion 631 enters the annular groove portion 622, the inserting portion 631 may be located in the annular groove portion 622 and cannot enter the spiral groove portion 621 any more, or the inserting portion 631 may enter the wrong spiral groove portion 621, in order to avoid the above situation, as shown in fig. 10, the driving mechanism further includes an auxiliary screw 66 and a pushing member 67 driven by the auxiliary screw 66 to move, the pushing member 67 is U-shaped, and pushing springs 68 are disposed between two sides of the pushing member 67 and the three-way member 64; two groups of pushing spiral grooves 661 symmetrically arranged in the forward and reverse directions are formed on the auxiliary screw 66, two ends of each pushing spiral groove 661 in the forward and reverse directions are communicated, each pushing spiral groove 661 is not a constant pitch spiral groove, but is a spiral groove with pitches spaced in a dense mode, namely, the pitch of the pushing spiral groove 661 in one distance is a first pitch, and the pitch of the pushing spiral groove 661 in an adjacent distance is a second pitch. Based on the above structure, the operating principle is that the sliding block 63 and the pushing element 67 start from one end of the spiral groove of the screw respectively, the two screws rotate synchronously, after a period of operation, the inserting part 631 on the sliding block 63 enters one annular groove part 622, the inserting part 631 moves in the annular groove part 622 as the two screws continue to rotate, and the pushing element 67 continues to move under the pushing action of the auxiliary screw 66, so that the pushing spring 68 on one side of the sliding block 63 is compressed to generate an elastic force, when the inserting part 631 moves in the annular groove to the inlet of the next spiral groove part 621, the inserting part 631 can be pushed into the inlet of the spiral groove part 621 due to the elastic force of the pushing spring 68, and the pitch of the pushing spiral groove 661 corresponding to the position of the pushing element 67 becomes dense, the speed of the pushing element 67 driven by the auxiliary screw 66 is slower than the speed of the spiral groove part 621 pushing the sliding block 63, until the length of the pushing spring 68 returns to normal, the pushing spiral groove 661 begins to become sparse again, so that the speed of the auxiliary screw 66 driving the pushing piece 67 is greater than or equal to the speed of the spiral groove 621 pushing the slider 63, the placing part 631 enters the next annular groove part 622 again, and the above cycle is repeated, so that the placing part 631 can be ensured to move according to the preset rule all the time, and the deformation of the pushing spring 68 cannot be accumulated.
Preferably, in order to save power source, the seedling carrying table 61 and the driving device 7 are driven by the same power source. The power source is preferably a land wheel, and may be a common driving element such as a motor and a hydraulic pump.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The rice big seedling planting device is characterized by comprising a rack (5), wherein a plurality of groups of seedling carrying platforms (61) are arranged on the rack (5), and rice big seedling planting mechanisms are arranged on the rack (5) corresponding to each seedling carrying platform (61);
a driving device (7) for driving the rice seedling planting mechanism to operate is arranged on the rack (5);
the seedling carrying table (61) can be in reciprocating translation periodically relative to the frame (5);
the rice seedling planting mechanism comprises a machine base (1), wherein an inserting and planting assembly (2), a sun gear (3) and a transmission gear set (4) which are used for transmitting power to the inserting and planting assembly (2) are mounted on the machine base (1);
the transmission gear set (4) comprises two transition gears (41) and a planet gear (42), and the sun gear (3), the transition gears (41) and the planet gear (42) are all non-circular gears;
the two transition wheels (41) are arranged on the same rotating shaft, and the phases of the two transition wheels are different; one of the transition wheels (41) is meshed with the sun wheel (3), and the other transition wheel (41) is meshed with the planet wheel (42); the planet wheel (42) is in driving connection with the transplanting assembly (2);
all the seedling carrying tables (61) are mutually fixed to form an integral placing frame, and convex edges for separation are arranged between every two adjacent seedling carrying tables (61); a driving mechanism is arranged between the integrated placing frame and the rack (5); the driving mechanism comprises a driving screw rod (62) and a sliding block (63); the driving screw rod (62) is rotatably installed relative to the rack (5), two groups of guide grooves which are bidirectional in the positive direction and the negative direction are formed in the driving screw rod, and two ends of the two groups of guide grooves are communicated with each other; each group of guide grooves comprises spiral groove parts (621) and ring groove parts (622) which are arranged at regular intervals; the slide block (63) is fixed relative to the integral placing frame, and the end part of the slide block is provided with a placing part (631) placed in the guide groove;
the driving mechanism further comprises a T-shaped tee joint piece (64), and a bidirectional through hole and a unidirectional through hole which are in T-shaped layout are formed in the tee joint piece (64); the drive screw (62) passes through the bidirectional through hole, and the three-way piece (64) can slide relative to the drive screw (62); the sliding block (63) is arranged in the one-way through hole;
the driving mechanism further comprises an auxiliary screw rod (66) and a pushing piece (67) driven by the auxiliary screw rod (66) to move, the pushing piece (67) is U-shaped, and a pushing spring (68) is arranged between each of two sides of the pushing piece (67) and the three-way piece (64); two groups of pushing spiral grooves (661) symmetrically arranged in the forward direction and the reverse direction are formed in the auxiliary screw rod (66), two ends of each pushing spiral groove (661) in the forward direction and the reverse direction are communicated, and each pushing spiral groove (661) is not a constant-pitch spiral groove but a spiral groove with alternate pitches.
2. The rice seedling planting apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling carrying table (61) and the driving means (7) are driven by the same power source.
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| CN202010998925.5A CN112189417B (en) | 2020-09-22 | 2020-09-22 | Rice big seedling planting device |
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| CN202010998925.5A CN112189417B (en) | 2020-09-22 | 2020-09-22 | Rice big seedling planting device |
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| CN112189417B true CN112189417B (en) | 2021-10-01 |
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| CN113016295B (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2022-02-22 | 中国农业大学 | Rice seedling shallow planting swing planting method and seedling claw retracting type planting arm |
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