CN112187166A - High-efficiency concentrating solar cell panel - Google Patents
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- CN112187166A CN112187166A CN202010923927.8A CN202010923927A CN112187166A CN 112187166 A CN112187166 A CN 112187166A CN 202010923927 A CN202010923927 A CN 202010923927A CN 112187166 A CN112187166 A CN 112187166A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-efficiency concentrating solar cell panel, belongs to the technical field of photovoltaics, and solves the problems that an existing concentrating photovoltaic system has high precision requirement on a sunlight tracking device, and the uniformity of collected sunlight is poor, so that a cell chip is low in output power and easy to damage. The solar panel comprises a plurality of concentrating photovoltaic units which are arranged in an array; the concentrating photovoltaic unit comprises a focusing lens, an integrator and a photovoltaic cell chip; a focusing lens for focusing incident sunlight to a light entrance of the integrator and into the integrator; the integrator is used for homogenizing the intensity of the sunlight and enabling the homogenized sunlight to be emitted to the photovoltaic cell chip from a light outlet of the integrator; the shape of the photovoltaic cell chip is matched with the light outlet of the integrator; and the photovoltaic cell chip is used for converting solar energy into electric energy. The invention converges sunlight to the integrator through the focusing lens and homogenizes the sunlight, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and output power of the photovoltaic cell chip and prolonging the service life of the photovoltaic cell chip.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a high-efficiency concentrating solar panel.
Background
The solar photovoltaic power generation is a technology for directly converting solar energy into electric energy by utilizing the photovoltaic effect of a semiconductor material, has the advantages of cleanness, environmental protection, renewability and the like, is a key point in the current energy field research, and has important significance for developing energy conservation and emission reduction, adjusting energy structure and promoting economic sustainable healthy development in China. However, due to the low energy density of sunlight, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell is not high, so that the solar photovoltaic power generation technology has no cost advantage for a long time.
In recent years, with the continuous and deep research on the concentrating photovoltaic technology, the cost of solar photovoltaic power generation is greatly reduced, and the solar photovoltaic power generation has the capability of gradually competing with conventional energy sources. The concentrating photovoltaic technology utilizes a reflection or transmission optical element to concentrate sunlight, so that the optical power density irradiated on a photovoltaic cell chip is improved, a single-shaft or double-shaft tracking structure is used for driving a solar cell panel to rotate, the dynamic tracking of the solar track is realized to keep the maximum light receiving area, and therefore, the concentrating photovoltaic technology has higher photoelectric conversion efficiency and output power under the same solar radiation condition; at the same time, the construction costs of the system are significantly reduced, since large-area, inexpensive light-concentrating elements can be used instead of expensive semiconductor materials.
The existing concentrating photovoltaic system generally uses a reflection or transmission optical element to directly converge sunlight on a photovoltaic cell chip, and a sun tracking device with high precision and high response speed is generally required to be equipped, so that the optical axis of a concentrating device is accurately aligned to the sunlight incidence direction, and the reduction of the generating efficiency caused by the drift of a converged light spot is avoided.
The prior art has at least the following defects that firstly, the requirement on the precision of the tracking device is high, and the application of the tracking device in certain scenes (such as solar sailboards on space satellites) is limited; secondly, the sunlight is directly converged on the battery chip, the uniformity of the converged light spots is poor, so that the local overheating of the battery chip is caused, the output power of the battery chip is reduced, the battery chip is easy to damage, and the service life of the battery chip is shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention is directed to provide a high-efficiency concentrating solar panel, so as to solve the problems of the conventional concentrating photovoltaic system that the precision requirement on the sunlight tracking device is high, and the uniformity of the concentrated sunlight is poor, so that the output power of the battery chip is low and the battery chip is easily damaged.
The invention provides a high-efficiency concentrating solar panel which comprises a plurality of concentrating photovoltaic units arranged in an array manner;
the concentrating photovoltaic unit comprises a focusing lens, an integrator and a photovoltaic cell chip;
the focusing lens is used for focusing the incident sunlight to a light inlet of the integrator and entering the integrator;
the integrator is used for homogenizing the intensity of the sunlight and enabling the homogenized sunlight to be emitted to the photovoltaic cell chip from a light outlet of the integrator; the shape of the photovoltaic cell chip is matched with the light outlet of the integrator;
the photovoltaic cell chip is used for converting solar energy into electric energy.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a flat substrate and a connecting piece;
the flat substrate comprises a heat dissipation plate and an insulating heat dissipation film plated on the heat dissipation plate, and a photovoltaic cell chip of each concentrating photovoltaic unit is fixed on the flat substrate;
the connecting piece is a cavity matched with the focusing lens and the integrator, a limiting structure is arranged on the upper portion of the connecting piece and used for fixing the focusing lens, the lower portion of the connecting piece is fixed with the integrator through a clamping piece, and the bottom end of the connecting piece is fixed on the flat substrate.
Further, the focusing lens is a spherical symmetrical gradient index focusing lens, and the lower surface of the focusing lens is coupled with the integrator;
the refractive index distribution of the focusing lens satisfies:
wherein n is0For the base refractive index of the focusing lens, R represents the distance from any point in the focusing lens to the spherical center of the focusing lens, R represents the radius of the focusing lens, and n (R) represents the refractive index at any point;
alternatively, the focusing lens is a single lens, a lens group or a fresnel lens having positive optical power.
Further, the single lens is an aspheric lens; the lens group comprises a first lens and a second lens, and the caliber of the first lens is larger than that of the second lens;
the first lens is a spherical lens and is used for preliminarily compressing the beam width of incident sunlight and converging the incident sunlight to the second lens;
the second lens is an aspheric lens and is used for further focusing the sunlight converged by the first lens.
Further, the inner wall of the integrator is covered with a diffuse reflection coating for reflecting the sunlight in the integrator for multiple times to homogenize the sunlight intensity.
Furthermore, the focusing lens is a spherical symmetrical gradient refractive index focusing lens, the light inlet of the integrator corresponds to a converged light spot formed by sunlight on the lower surface of the focusing lens, and the diameter of the light inlet is not smaller than the diameter of a light spot area corresponding to the preset proportion energy of the converged light spot, so that the sunlight converged on the lower surface of the focusing lens and at least with the preset proportion energy enters the integrator from the light inlet.
Furthermore, the focusing lens is a single lens, a lens group or a fresnel lens with positive focal power, the light inlet of the integrator is located at the focal point of the focusing lens, and the diameter of the light inlet is not smaller than the diameter of a light spot area corresponding to the energy of the convergent light spot formed by the sunlight passing through the focusing lens in the preset proportion, so that the sunlight converged by the focusing lens and having at least the energy of the preset proportion enters the integrator from the light inlet.
Furthermore, the integrator is spherical, a light inlet is arranged at the position, facing the converged light spot, of the upper part of the integrator, and a light outlet is arranged at the position, facing the light inlet, of the lower part of the integrator, and the area of the light outlet is larger than that of the light inlet.
Furthermore, the integrator comprises a top surface and a side surface, and the shape of the inner wall surface of the side surface of the integrator is a compound curved surface;
and a light inlet is arranged at the position, facing the converged light spot, of the top surface of the integrator, a light outlet is arranged at the position, facing the light inlet, of the lower end of the side surface of the integrator, and the focus of the composite curved surface is located at the light outlet.
Further, a light reflector is arranged below the light inlet of the integrator, is arranged opposite to the light inlet of the integrator, and has a size larger than that of the light inlet of the integrator;
the light reflector includes:
the first reflecting surface is used for reflecting sunlight entering the integrator to the inner wall of the integrator;
a second reflective surface for blocking sunlight reflected by the inner wall of the integrator from exiting the light inlet.
Further, the lower surface of the focusing lens is coupled with the integrator through a waveguide.
Further, the basic refractive index n of the focusing lens0And (3) cutting the side surface of the focusing lens according to the effective aperture of the focusing lens, wherein the cut upper surface of the focusing lens is used for receiving sunlight and focusing the sunlight to the lower surface of the focusing lens.
Further, the basic refractive index n of the focusing lens0And the inside of the integrator is filled with a transparent optical medium, and the refractive index of the optical medium is equal to the basic refractive index of the focusing lens.
Further, a cover plate is coupled above the focusing lens, and the cover plate is foldedRefractive index and base refractive index n of the focusing lens0Equal;
the lower surface of the cover plate is provided with a groove, the groove is matched with the surface of the focusing lens in contact with the focusing lens, so that the cover plate is coupled with the focusing lens, the distance range from the vertex of the groove to the lower surface of the cover plate is 0.1R-2R, and R is the radius of the focusing lens.
Further, the lower side part of the focusing lens is cut, so that the incident sunlight is focused on the lower surface of the cut focusing lens.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a positioning device and a rotating device;
the positioning device is used for positioning the direction of sunlight;
the rotating device is used for rotating the solar cell panel according to the positioned direction of the sunlight so that the sunlight is normally incident to the solar cell panel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the high-efficiency concentrating solar panel provided by the invention, the concentrated sunlight is homogenized through the integrator and is irradiated to the battery chip, so that the output power of the battery chip is improved, the damage degree of the battery chip is reduced, and the service life of the battery chip is prolonged.
2. The high-efficiency concentrating solar panel provided by the invention uses the spherical symmetrical gradient refractive index focusing lens to concentrate sunlight, so that a concentrated light spot with a small diameter can be obtained, and the diameter of the light inlet of the integrator is larger than that of the concentrated light spot, so that the sunlight can still enter the integrator through the light inlet without being blocked when slightly deviating from the normal incidence direction, thereby reducing the requirement on the precision of a tracking device; meanwhile, the diameter of the converged light spot is small, so that the area of a light inlet of the integrator is favorably reduced, and the utilization rate of solar energy is improved.
3. When the high-efficiency concentrating solar panel provided by the invention uses the spherical symmetrical gradient refractive index focusing lens, the side surface of the focusing lens can be cut according to the effective caliber of the focusing lens, or the lower side part of the focusing lens can be cut according to the position of a focused light spot, so that the weight and the volume of the whole solar panel can be reduced while the solar energy is effectively focused, the high-efficiency concentrating solar panel is lighter and is easy to popularize and apply.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a concentrating photovoltaic unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a Fresnel lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a lens assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic side cut-out view of a spherical symmetric gradient-index focusing lens in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a lower portion of a focusing lens being cut in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a spherical integrator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrator with a compound parabolic profile as an inner wall surface on the side of the integrator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure shown in FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a light reflector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-a focusing lens; 2-cover plate; 201-grooves; 3-a connector; 301-a limit structure; 302-a clamp; 4-a flat substrate; 401 — insulating heat-dissipating film; 402-metal heat sink plate; 5-a photovoltaic cell chip; 6-integrator.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention discloses a high-efficiency concentrating solar panel, which comprises a plurality of concentrating photovoltaic units arranged in an array.
As shown in fig. 1, the concentrating photovoltaic unit includes a focusing lens, an integrator, and a photovoltaic cell chip. The focusing lens is used for focusing incident sunlight to a light inlet of the integrator and entering the integrator; the integrator is used for homogenizing the intensity of sunlight and enabling the homogenized sunlight to be emitted to the photovoltaic cell chip from a light outlet of the integrator; the photovoltaic cell chip is used for converting solar energy into electric energy. Preferably, the shape of the photovoltaic cell chip is adapted to the light exit of the integrator.
Preferably, the device further comprises a flat plate base and a connecting piece. The flat substrate comprises a heating panel and an insulating heat dissipation film plated on the heating panel, the photovoltaic cell chip of each concentrating photovoltaic unit is fixed on the flat substrate and has good thermal contact with the heating panel, heat dissipation is performed rapidly in time, the photovoltaic cell chip is effectively prevented from being damaged by converged sunlight, and preferably, the heating panel is a metal heating panel.
Preferably, the material of the photovoltaic cell chip can be monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon or gallium arsenide; the plurality of photovoltaic cell chips are connected in series or in parallel through the lead connecting electrodes to output required current and voltage.
In view of reducing the space volume of the solar panel and making it lighter, the connecting piece is a cavity matched with the focusing lens and the integrator. Specifically, the upper part of the connecting piece is provided with a limiting structure for fixing the focusing lens, the lower part of the connecting piece is fixed with the integrator through the clamping piece, and the bottom end of the connecting piece is fixed on the flat substrate; meanwhile, the connecting piece can also play a role in protecting the integrator and the photovoltaic cell chip, so that the integrator and the photovoltaic cell chip are prevented from being interfered by severe environments such as wind, sand, rain, snow and the like, and the service life and the reliability of the integrator and the photovoltaic cell chip are improved.
Preferably, the focusing lens is a spherical symmetrical gradient index focusing lens, and the lower surface of the focusing lens is coupled with the integrator, specifically, the lower surface of the focusing lens is coupled with the integrator through a waveguide. The spherical symmetrical gradient refractive index focusing lens can converge parallel incident sunlight into one point without aberration, so that the size of a converged light spot obtained by the focusing lens is obviously smaller than that of a single lens, a lens group or a Fresnel lens with the same F number, and the area of a light inlet of an integrator is favorably reduced so as to improve the utilization rate of solar energy.
The refractive index distribution of the spherical symmetrical gradient refractive index focusing lens meets the following requirements:
wherein n is0In order to obtain the base refractive index of the focusing lens, the base refractive index refers to the refractive index of the material at the surface of the spherical focusing lens, R represents the distance from any point in the focusing lens to the spherical center of the focusing lens, R represents the radius of the focusing lens, and n (R) represents the refractive index at any point.
Alternatively, a single lens, a lens group, or a fresnel lens having positive optical power may be used as the focusing lens.
Preferably, the peripheral shape of the single lens or the fresnel lens is square, and may be other patterns capable of realizing planar close-laying, such as regular hexagon or regular triangle. Preferably, when a single lens is used as the focusing lens, the light incident surface and the light exit surface of the lens are respectively provided as a convex surface and a flat surface for reducing aberration, as shown in fig. 2; preferably, when a fresnel lens is used as the focusing lens, in order to reduce the influence of dust accumulation on light transmittance, the light incident surface and the light exit surface of the lens are respectively provided as a flat surface and a serrated surface, as shown in fig. 3.
Considering that the processing technology of the single lens is higher when the single lens with the large caliber and the aspheric surface is selected as the condensing lens, alternatively, the lens group can be used for condensing light instead of the single lens with the large caliber and the aspheric surface. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the lens group includes a first lens and a second lens, a caliber of the first lens is larger than a caliber of the second lens, and the second lens is located before a focal point of the first lens. Specifically, the peripheral shape of the first lens is square, and may also be other patterns capable of realizing planar dense paving, such as regular hexagon or regular triangle. Preferably, the first lens is a spherical lens, and is used for preliminarily compressing the beam width of the incident sunlight and converging the incident sunlight to the second lens; the second lens is an aspheric lens, namely at least one of the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the second lens is an aspheric surface, and is used for correcting aberration generated when the first lens converges incident sunlight, and further focusing the sunlight converged by the first lens, so that the diameter of the obtained converged light spot is smaller. In order to more effectively concentrate incident sunlight, the front and rear surfaces (i.e., the light incident surface and the light exit surface) of the first lens and the second lens are each coated with an antireflection film.
Preferably, the diameter of the sunlight converging light spot obtained by the focusing lens is related to the focal length of the focusing lens, and the shorter the focal length, the smaller the obtained converging light spot. Ideally, the diameter of the focused light spot is:
Dspot＝f×tanω，
wherein D isspotThe diameter of the focused light spot is shown, f is the focal length of the focusing lens, ω is the field angle of the sun to the earth, and the typical value is ± 16', when the lens group is selected as the focusing lens, the focal length is the focal length of the lens group.
In practical application, aberration and chromatic aberration exist when the focusing lens converges light, the diameter of a converged light spot can be measured by using power in a barrel, the center of the converged light spot is taken as a circle center, and when energy defined in the circle reaches a preset proportion, the diameter of the corresponding circle is the diameter of the light spot. Illustratively, for a fresnel lens with a focal length of 28mm, an F number of 0.56, a sawtooth width of 0.3mm and a material of PMMA, when solar light within a wavelength band of 400-1100 nm is incident normally, the diameter of a circular area surrounding 95% or more of the energy of the formed convergent light spot is 0.8mm, i.e. the corresponding light spot diameter is 0.8 mm.
Preferably, the inner walls of the integrator are covered with a diffuse reflective coating for reflecting sunlight multiple times within the integrator to homogenize the sunlight intensity. The coating material is a material with high reflectivity in the solar spectrum range, and BaSO4 or polytetrafluoroethylene suspension resin can be used as an example.
Preferably, when a single lens or a fresnel lens with positive focal power is selected as the focusing lens, the light inlet of the integrator is located at the focal point of the focusing lens, and when the lens group is selected, the light inlet of the integrator is located at the focal point of the lens group, and the diameter of the light inlet is not less than the diameter of a light spot area corresponding to the preset proportion of energy of a converged light spot formed by sunlight through the focusing lens, so that sunlight converged by the focusing lens and having at least a preset proportion of energy enters the integrator from the light inlet.
Preferably, when the spherical symmetrical gradient index focusing lens is selected as the focusing lens, the light inlet of the integrator corresponds to a convergent light spot formed by sunlight on the lower surface of the focusing lens, and the diameter of the light inlet is not smaller than the diameter of a light spot area corresponding to the preset proportion energy of the convergent light spot, so that the sunlight which is converged on the lower surface of the focusing lens and has at least the preset proportion energy enters the integrator from the light inlet, the precision requirement on the tracking device is reduced, and the utilization rate of solar energy is improved.
In a realizable manner, the base refractive index n of the focusing lens0And (3) cutting the side surface of the focusing lens according to the effective aperture of the focusing lens, wherein the upper surface of the cut focusing lens is used for receiving sunlight and focusing the sunlight to the lower surface of the focusing lens.
In particular, the base refractive index n of the focusing lens0More than 1, the sunlight collected by the focusing lensWhen the lower surface of the lens emits light, part of sunlight far away from the optical axis can generate a total reflection phenomenon due to an overlarge incident angle, and the sunlight cannot be emitted normally, so that the effective aperture of the focusing lens is reduced, namely the aperture of the upper surface of the focusing lens, which effectively receives the sunlight, is reduced. Therefore, the invalid aperture and the corresponding part of the side surface of the focusing lens, which is not passed by the sunlight, can be cut off, and the weight and the volume of the focusing lens are reduced while the high sunlight collecting efficiency of the focusing lens is ensured. Exemplary, base refractive index n of the focusing lens0When the radius of the focusing lens is R, the effective aperture is 1.5R. As shown in fig. 5, a cylinder with a diameter of 1.5R and a length greater than 2R may be used to perform boolean intersection with the lens, and the result is the portion of the condenser lens after trimming.
In order to prevent the effective aperture from decreasing, instead of cutting the side of the focusing lens, the integrator may be filled with a transparent optical medium having a refractive index equal to the base refractive index of the focusing lens.
Taking into account the base refractive index n of the focusing lens0The sunlight is converged by the focusing lens to form a convergent light spot in the focusing lens, and a cover plate is preferably coupled above the focusing lens, and the refractive index of the cover plate is equal to the basic refractive index n of the focusing lens0Are equal.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a groove is formed on the lower surface of the cover plate, the groove is adapted to the surface of the cover plate contacting the focusing lens, so that the cover plate is coupled to the focusing lens, and the distance from the vertex of the groove to the lower surface of the cover plate is in the range of 0.1R to 2R, where R is the radius of the focusing lens.
Alternatively, instead of using a cover plate, the lower portion of the focusing lens is cut so that the incident sunlight is focused to the lower surface of the cut focusing lens.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 6, sunlight incident in different directions is converged on a spherical surface with a radius smaller than R inside the lens, and according to the angular range of the received sunlight, a given proportion (the illustrated proportion is 1/3, namely the ratio of the height of the clipped part to the diameter of the focusing lens is 1:3) below the lens is cut off, and the area outside the spherical surface for converging the light is cut off, wherein the proportion is determined according to the angular range of the solar energy collecting system for receiving the sunlight and the position of a converging light spot formed by the sunlight in the focusing lens, so that the light can be emitted from the lower surface of the clipped focusing lens, and the transmission of the light inside the lens is not hindered.
In an alternative embodiment, the integrator is spherical, and illustratively, as shown in fig. 7, the two hemispherical shells are connected and fixed by a connecting boss and fixed by a clamping member and a connecting member. Preferably, the axis of symmetry of the integrator as a whole coincides with the optical axis of the focusing lens. Specifically, in order to ensure that the sunlight converged by the focusing lens can enter the integrator, a light inlet is arranged at the position, right opposite to the converging light spot, of the upper part of the integrator, a light outlet is arranged at the position, right opposite to the light inlet, of the lower part of the integrator, and the area of the light outlet is larger than that of the light inlet. The sunlight entering the integrator is reflected for multiple times and then is emitted to the photovoltaic cell chip from the light outlet, and the emitted sunlight has the advantage of high uniformity.
In another alternative embodiment, the integrator comprises a top surface and a side surface, preferably, the top surface of the integrator is a plane, and the inner wall surface of the side surface of the integrator is a compound curved surface; illustratively, the surface shape of the side inner wall of the integrator may be a compound paraboloid, a compound hyperboloid or a compound ellipsoid, and preferably, the symmetry axis of the compound hyperboloid coincides with the optical axis of the focusing lens. Preferably, the compound curved surface can be cut along the direction of the symmetry axis thereof to realize different dodging effects.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 8, the inner wall of the side surface of the integrator is a compound paraboloid, the cross section of the integrator is shown in fig. 9, the cross-sectional profiles AC and BD are both off-axis parabolic lines, the connecting lines AD and BC are respectively parallel to the symmetry axes of the parabolic lines AC and BD, and the included angle between the symmetry axis of the parabolic line and the optical axis of the focusing lens is θ.
Wherein the light exit diameter of the integrator is: AB ═ CD × sin θ;
the height is as follows: h ═ AB (1+1/sin θ)/2tan θ;
the focal lengths of parabolas AC and BD are: and F is AB (1+ sin theta)/2.
Specifically, a light inlet is arranged at the position, facing the converged light spot, of the center of the top surface of the integrator, a light outlet is arranged at the position, facing the converged light spot, of the lower end of the side surface of the integrator, and a focus of the composite curved surface is located at the light outlet.
In order to improve the utilization rate of solar energy, the area of a light inlet of the integrator is reduced as much as possible, and energy loss caused by the escape of sunlight from the light inlet is avoided. Preferably, the upper opening of the integrator is arranged to be slightly larger than the convergent light spot or several times the area of the convergent light spot, thereby ensuring that sufficient solar energy can be collected through the smaller light inlet.
Preferably, in order to avoid that the sunlight focused by the focusing lens enters the integrator and directly exits from the light outlet of the integrator without being reflected by the inner wall, a light reflector is arranged below the light inlet of the integrator, and the light reflector is arranged opposite to the light inlet of the integrator and has a size larger than that of the light inlet of the integrator.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 10, the light reflector is conical, comprising:
the first reflecting surface, i.e., the side surface shown in fig. 10, is used to reflect sunlight entering the integrator onto the inner wall of the integrator.
The second reflective surface, i.e., the bottom surface as shown in fig. 10, is used to block sunlight reflected by the inner wall of the integrator from exiting the light entrance.
Preferably, the central axis of the light reflector coincides with the symmetry axis of the integrator, the diameter of the bottom surface is larger than the diameter of the light entrance of the integrator, and the distance from the bottom surface of the light reflector to the light entrance of the integrator is larger than the height of the light reflector (i.e. the top end of the light reflector does not protrude from the light opening of the integrator); the side surface of the light reflector is specular reflection, the size of the vertex angle of the light reflector is 60-120 degrees, and sunlight entering the integrator is reflected to the inner wall of the integrator by the side surface of the light reflector, so that the sunlight is subjected to at least one diffuse reflection in the integrator, and the uniformity of emergent light at the light outlet of the integrator is improved.
Preferably, the device further comprises a positioning device and a rotating device; the positioning device is used for positioning the direction of sunlight; and the rotating device is used for rotating the solar cell panel according to the direction of the positioned sunlight so that the sunlight is normally incident to the solar cell panel.
Compared with the prior art, the high-efficiency concentrating solar panel provided by the invention has the advantages that firstly, the concentrated sunlight is homogenized through the integrator and is irradiated to the battery chip, so that the output power of the battery chip is improved, meanwhile, the damage degree of the battery chip is reduced, and the service life of the battery chip is prolonged; secondly, converging sunlight by using a spherical symmetrical gradient refractive index focusing lens to obtain a converging light spot with a small diameter, and setting the diameter of a light inlet of the integrator to be larger than that of the converging light spot so that the sunlight can still enter the integrator through the light inlet without being blocked when the sunlight slightly deviates from the normal incidence direction, thereby reducing the requirement on the precision of the tracking device; meanwhile, the diameter of the converged light spot is small, so that the area of a light inlet of the integrator is favorably reduced, and the utilization rate of solar energy is improved; finally, when the high-efficiency concentrating solar panel provided by the invention is used, the side surface of the focusing lens can be cut according to the effective aperture of the focusing lens or the lower side part of the focusing lens can be cut according to the position of the focused light spot, so that the weight of the whole solar panel can be reduced while the solar panel is effectively focused, the high-efficiency concentrating solar panel is lighter and is easy to popularize and apply.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. A high-efficiency concentrating solar panel is characterized by comprising a plurality of concentrating photovoltaic units which are arranged in an array;
the concentrating photovoltaic unit comprises a focusing lens, an integrator and a photovoltaic cell chip;
the focusing lens is used for focusing the incident sunlight to a light inlet of the integrator and entering the integrator;
the integrator is used for homogenizing the intensity of the sunlight and enabling the homogenized sunlight to be emitted to the photovoltaic cell chip from a light outlet of the integrator; the shape of the photovoltaic cell chip is matched with the light outlet of the integrator;
the photovoltaic cell chip is used for converting solar energy into electric energy.
2. The solar panel of claim 1, further comprising a flat substrate and connectors;
the flat substrate comprises a heat dissipation plate and an insulating heat dissipation film plated on the heat dissipation plate, and a photovoltaic cell chip of each concentrating photovoltaic unit is fixed on the flat substrate;
the connecting piece is a cavity matched with the focusing lens and the integrator, a limiting structure is arranged on the upper portion of the connecting piece and used for fixing the focusing lens, the lower portion of the connecting piece is fixed with the integrator through a clamping piece, and the bottom end of the connecting piece is fixed on the flat substrate.
3. A solar panel as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the focusing lens is a spherically symmetric gradient index focusing lens and the focusing lens lower surface is coupled to the integrator;
the refractive index distribution of the focusing lens satisfies:
wherein n is0For the base refractive index of the focusing lens, R represents the distance from any point in the focusing lens to the spherical center of the focusing lens, R represents the radius of the focusing lens, and n (R) represents the refractive index at any point;
alternatively, the focusing lens is a single lens, a lens group or a fresnel lens having positive optical power.
4. A solar panel as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that the singlet lens is an aspherical lens; the lens group comprises a first lens and a second lens, and the caliber of the first lens is larger than that of the second lens;
the first lens is a spherical lens and is used for preliminarily compressing the beam width of incident sunlight and converging the incident sunlight to the second lens;
the second lens is an aspheric lens and is used for further focusing the sunlight converged by the first lens.
5. A solar panel as claimed in claim 3 wherein the integrator inner walls are covered with a diffuse reflective coating for reflecting the sunlight a plurality of times within the integrator to homogenize the intensity of the sunlight.
6. The solar panel according to claim 3, wherein the focusing lens is a spherical symmetrical gradient index focusing lens, the integrator light inlet corresponds to a converging light spot formed by sunlight on the lower surface of the focusing lens, and the diameter of the light inlet is not smaller than the diameter of a light spot area corresponding to a preset proportion of energy of the converging light spot, so that sunlight converging on the lower surface of the focusing lens and with at least a preset proportion of energy enters the integrator from the light inlet.
7. The solar cell panel as claimed in claim 3, wherein the focusing lens is a single lens, a lens set or a Fresnel lens with positive focal power, the light entrance of the integrator is located at the focal point of the focusing lens, and the diameter of the light entrance is not smaller than the diameter of a spot area corresponding to a preset proportion of energy of a converged spot formed by sunlight passing through the focusing lens, so that sunlight converged by the focusing lens with at least a preset proportion of energy enters the integrator from the light entrance.
8. The solar panel as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein the integrator is spherical, a light inlet is provided at a position where the upper part of the integrator faces the convergent light spot, and a light outlet is provided at a position where the lower part of the integrator faces the light inlet, and the area of the light outlet is larger than that of the light inlet.
9. A solar panel as claimed in claim 6 or claim 7 wherein the integrator comprises a top surface and side surfaces, the side surfaces of the integrator being of a compound curved shape;
and a light inlet is arranged at the position, facing the converged light spot, of the top surface of the integrator, a light outlet is arranged at the position, facing the light inlet, of the lower end of the side surface of the integrator, and the focus of the composite curved surface is located at the light outlet.
10. A solar panel as claimed in claim 6 or claim 7 wherein a light reflector is provided beneath the integrator light entry opening, the light reflector being disposed opposite the integrator light entry opening and having a dimension greater than that of the integrator light entry opening;
the light reflector includes:
the first reflecting surface is used for reflecting sunlight entering the integrator to the inner wall of the integrator;
a second reflective surface for blocking sunlight reflected by the inner wall of the integrator from exiting the light inlet.
11. A solar panel as claimed in claim 6 wherein the lower surface of the focusing lens is coupled to the integrator by a waveguide.
12. Solar panel as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that the base refractive index n of the focusing lens is such as to be equal to0The side surface of the focusing lens is cut according to the effective aperture of the focusing lens, the upper surface of the cut focusing lens is used for receiving sunlight and focusing the sunlight to the side surfaceA lower surface of the focusing lens.
13. Solar panel as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that the base refractive index n of the focusing lens is such as to be equal to0And the inside of the integrator is filled with a transparent optical medium, and the refractive index of the optical medium is equal to the basic refractive index of the focusing lens.
14. A solar panel as claimed in claim 12 or claim 13 wherein a cover plate is coupled over the focusing lens, the cover plate having a refractive index matching the base refractive index n of the focusing lens0Equal;
the lower surface of the cover plate is provided with a groove, the groove is matched with the surface of the focusing lens in contact with the focusing lens, so that the cover plate is coupled with the focusing lens, the distance range from the vertex of the groove to the lower surface of the cover plate is 0.1R-2R, and R is the radius of the focusing lens.
15. A solar panel as claimed in claim 12 or claim 13 wherein the lower portion of the focusing lens is cut to focus the incident sunlight onto the cut lower surface of the focusing lens.
16. The solar panel as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2, 4-7, 11-13, further comprising a positioning device and a rotating device;
the positioning device is used for positioning the direction of sunlight;
the rotating device is used for rotating the solar cell panel according to the positioned direction of the sunlight so that the sunlight is normally incident to the solar cell panel.
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