CN112184909A - Manufacturing method of mechanical equivalent simulation bone based on finite element grid - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a mechanical equivalent simulation bone based on a finite element grid, wherein the inside of the simulation bone is divided into unit grids according to CT values, and different CT values correspond to unit grids with different densities; truss structures with different density degrees are generated based on the unit grids, and the designed truss structure is generated by finite element grids, so that the truss structure is simple, convenient and quick; the designed truss structure consists of rod pieces with the same cross section, and the mechanical property is adjusted through the change of the length of the rod pieces so as to simulate the mechanical properties of cancellous bones with different densities of a human body; the bone structures with different density degrees realize smooth transition by the variable-length rod truss structure, so that a good connection effect is achieved; the characteristics of the real bone natural force line can be reproduced by optimizing the side line direction of the unit. The simulated bone manufactured by the method has the characteristics equivalent to real bone mechanics, can be used for preoperative simulation preparation and scientific research experiments of orthopedics department, and can realize personalized customization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of model bones simulated before orthopedic surgery, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of a mechanical equivalent simulation bone based on a finite element grid.
Background
The elderly are prone to fracture due to osteoporosis. Due to individual differences between bones and fracture lines, surgical plan design and effect prediction are often required to be performed preoperatively using model bones. The model bones on the market at present mainly comprise two types: one is a standard bone model developed based on morphological statistics, which is mechanically equivalent to a healthy adult bone and cannot realize personalized customization of the bone, so that the mechanical properties of an osteoporotic bone and a fractured bone are greatly different; the other type is 3D printing bone, the existing 3D printing bone on the market can realize high reduction on the appearance, but the mechanical property of the printing material is not fully considered, the internal microstructure of the bone is neglected, and the like, and the bone does not have mechanical equivalent characteristics. The molding material for 3D printing bone made by fused deposition technique is generally thermoplastic material, usually PLA, ABS, nylon, etc., while the material for photo-curing molding is photosensitive resin, which is far inferior to real bone in terms of elastic modulus or strength. Therefore, the existing model bone on the market is difficult to play a good preoperative simulation role.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a mechanical equivalent simulation bone based on a finite element grid so as to realize the personalized customization of the appearance and the microstructure of the simulation bone and the mechanical equivalent characteristics. The main contents comprise: establishing the correlation between clinical CT information and the mechanical property of the bone, and reconstructing the mechanical equivalent simulation bone by means of a 3D printing technology through designing a truss structure according to the mechanical property of the bone. The artificial bone can be used for preoperative preparation so as to improve the success rate of surgery; and can also be used for clinical teaching and experimental research work of medical profession.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a manufacturing method of a mechanical equivalent simulation bone based on a finite element mesh specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) building a geometric model of the bone, and dividing unit grids according to CT values, wherein different CT values correspond to unit grids with different densities;
(2) establishing correlation between clinical CT information and bone mechanics attributes, establishing correlation between clinical CT gray values of a patient and the size of a finite element grid, directly generating finite element grid data according to the CT gray values, and completing the division of a bone gradient finite element grid;
(3) designing a truss structure according to the mechanical properties of the bone, wherein the truss structure is in gradient distribution and is generated by node information of a finite element mesh model, and the finite element mesh model is converted into a line segment geometric model of the bone through programming;
(4) endowing cross sections for all line segments of the line segment geometric model of the bone, and establishing a simulated bone entity truss structure geometric model formed by rod pieces;
(5) realizing common node connection among different-size units in the simulation bone entity truss structure geometric model, and carrying out grid optimization at the connection part, namely carrying out smooth transition processing on grid units and optimizing the unit edge line direction along the bone force line direction;
(6) and (5) reconstructing a mechanical equivalent simulation bone through a 3D printing technology.
Further, the building step of the geometric model of the bone in the step (1) is as follows: clinical CT data of a patient are obtained, body membrane calibration is carried out on CT, mimics software is introduced, image segmentation is carried out, three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out on bones, and a geometric model of the bones is obtained.
Further, in the step (2), the gray value information of each voxel point is extracted through the geometric model of the bone, the voxel gray value is associated with the cell size, the cell size is calculated through a formula, and the division of the gradient finite element mesh of the bone is completed.
Further, the division of the finite element mesh in the step (2) has directionality, and the element directions are adjusted, so that element edges have more components along the direction of the bone natural force line.
Further, the relationship between the average gray-scale value of the voxel and the cell size of the corresponding position is shown in formula 1:
Es＝-0.5ln[Hu+100]+4.3 (equation 1)
Further, after the finite element mesh model with gradient distribution is established in the step (3), the node numbers and the node coordinate information of the mesh model are extracted, and the nodes are connected through MATLAB programming to generate a line segment geometric model of the bone.
Further, the truss structure of the geometrical model of the simulated bone solid truss structure in the step (4) is composed of rod pieces with the same cross section, and the porosity of the structure is controlled by controlling the length of the rod pieces, so that the mechanical property of the structure is regulated and controlled.
Furthermore, in the simulation bone entity truss structure geometric model in the step (4), finite element calculation is carried out on truss structures with different porosities to obtain elastic moduli of the truss structures, and the elastic moduli correspond to bone partitions with corresponding mechanical properties one by one, so that mechanical equivalence with human cancellous bones with different densities is achieved.
Furthermore, the bone structures with different density degrees in the step (4) realize smooth transition through the variable-length rod truss structure, cross sections are given to all line segments of the simulation bone entity truss structure geometric model, and the contact points of the rod pieces are subjected to smooth processing, so that a good connection effect is achieved.
Further, in the step (5), the grid optimization of the joints is to realize smooth transition of the bone structures with different density degrees through the variable-length rod truss structure, endow cross sections to all line segments of the geometric model of the simulated bone entity truss structure, and perform smooth processing on the contact points of the rod pieces so as to achieve the connection effect.
Further, the material used for 3D printing in step (6) is photosensitive resin mixed metal or ceramic powder, such as aluminum powder, silicon oxide or hydroxyapatite, and the specific material and mixing ratio are based on the severity of osteoporosis, and are at a level similar to the mechanical properties of human bone cortex.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the simulated bone prepared by the method is mechanically equivalent relative to a healthy adult bone, the personalized customization of the bone can be realized, more specifically, the inside of the simulated bone is divided into unit grids according to CT values, different CT values correspond to the unit grids with different density degrees, and the generated finite element model directly establishes the relationship between the clinical CT gray value of a patient and the grid model, so that the characteristics of the heterogeneity of the cancellous bone of the human can be well matched. And generating truss structures with different density degrees based on the unit grids to complete the conversion from the finite element model to the solid model. The designed truss structure is generated by finite element grids, so that the method is simple, convenient and quick; the designed truss structure consists of rod pieces with the same cross section, and the mechanical property is adjusted through the change of the length of the rod pieces so as to simulate the mechanical properties of cancellous bones with different densities of a human body; the truss structure of the variable-length rod realizes smooth transition among truss structures with different unit sizes, achieves good connection effect, and smoothes the connecting points of the rod pieces. Especially for osteoporotic bones, the mechanical property difference is greatly reduced, the preoperative simulation effect is improved, the risk is reduced, and the success rate of the operation is improved.
The material for 3D printing is photosensitive resin mixed metal or ceramic powder, such as aluminum powder, silicon oxide or hydroxyapatite powder, and the specific material and the mixing proportion are based on the level similar to the mechanical property of human bone cortex according to the severity of osteoporosis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a femoral proximal voxel model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of successive variations of different size units;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a proximal femur gradient mesh model;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the smoothing of the rod point connections.
In FIG. 2, the cell size at the 2-1 site is 0.6 mm; the unit size of the 2-2 part is 1.2 mm; the cell size at the 2-3 sites was 1.8 mm.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, technical methods in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without any creative effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used for explaining the relative positional relationship between the components in a certain posture, the motion situation, etc., and if the certain posture is changed, the directional indications are changed accordingly.
Example 1
A manufacturing method of a mechanical equivalent simulation bone based on a finite element mesh specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) building a geometric model of the bone, and dividing unit grids according to CT values, wherein different CT values correspond to unit grids with different densities;
(2) establishing correlation between clinical CT information and bone mechanics attributes, establishing correlation between clinical CT gray values of a patient and the size of a finite element grid, directly generating finite element grid data according to the CT gray values, and completing the division of a bone gradient finite element grid;
(3) designing a truss structure according to the mechanical properties of the bone, wherein the truss structure is in gradient distribution and is generated by node information of a finite element mesh model, and the finite element mesh model is converted into a line segment geometric model of the bone through programming;
(4) endowing cross sections for all line segments of the line segment geometric model of the bone, and establishing a simulated bone entity truss structure geometric model formed by rod pieces;
(5) realizing common node connection among different-size units in the simulation bone entity truss structure geometric model, and carrying out grid optimization at the connection part, namely carrying out smooth transition processing on grid units and optimizing the unit edge line direction along the bone force line direction;
(6) and (5) reconstructing a mechanical equivalent simulation bone through a 3D printing technology.
The printing material used in the embodiment is photosensitive resin mixed silicon oxide powder, and the elastic modulus and the strength of the printing material can be effectively improved so as to reach the level equivalent to human cortical bone.
In this embodiment, the method for manufacturing a mechanical equivalent simulation bone based on a finite element mesh is applied to the proximal end of a human femur. Clinical CT data of a patient are obtained (CT needs body membrane calibration), mimics software is introduced for image segmentation, three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out on a target bone, a geometric model of the bone is obtained, and gray value information of each voxel point is extracted. The femoral head voxel model is shown in fig. 1.
And (3) establishing association between the voxel gray value and the cell size, and calculating the cell size of the corresponding position of each voxel point by using the formula 1, thereby completing the division of the gradient finite element mesh of the bone.
For convenience of understanding, the present embodiment is described by taking tetrahedral units as an example, and hexahedral units may be used if necessary. The relationship between the voxel gray value and the cell size at the corresponding position is shown in formula 1:
Es＝-0.5ln[Hu+100]+4.3 (equation 1)
In the formula EsCell size is indicated and Hu represents voxel gray value.
In this embodiment, the type of finite element elements used are tetrahedral elements. For convenience, the meshing condition of cancellous bone in a certain area inside the femoral head is only shown, and a solid structure is designed in cortical bone. As shown in fig. 2, which is a cross-sectional view of the femoral head, the cell size at the 2-1 part is 0.6 mm; the unit size of the 2-2 part is 1.2 mm; the cell size at the 2-3 sites was 1.8 mm.
After the cell meshes are divided, optimization processing is performed on the cells, the cell directions are adjusted, so that the cell edges have more components along the natural bone force line direction, a finite element mesh model with gradient distribution is built, and a bone line segment geometric model (where only a part of the mesh model of cancellous bone is displayed in a picture for convenience of display) is completed, as shown in fig. 3. Extracting node numbers and node coordinate information of the grid model, connecting nodes through MATLAB programming to generate a line segment geometric model of the bone, and finally endowing each line segment of the geometric model with a cross section, thereby establishing a simulation bone entity truss structure geometric model formed by the rod pieces. In the embodiment, the designed truss structure is composed of rod pieces with the same cross section, and the porosity of the structure is controlled only by changing the unit size, so that the mechanical property of the simulated bone is regulated and controlled. Finite element calculation is carried out on the truss structures with different porosities to obtain the elastic modulus of the truss structures, and the elastic modulus corresponds to the voxels with corresponding mechanical properties one to one.
The rod piece with the given cross section is subjected to smooth processing of the contact point so as to achieve a better connection effect. As shown in fig. 4, a is before the smoothing process of the point connection, and B is the effect after the smoothing process. And 3D printing is carried out on the processed model to obtain the mechanical equivalent simulation bone.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above as examples. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various equivalent changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and it is intended to cover all such modifications and alterations as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A manufacturing method of a mechanical equivalent simulation bone based on a finite element mesh is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) building a geometric model of the bone, and dividing unit grids according to CT values, wherein different CT values correspond to unit grids with different densities;
(2) establishing correlation between clinical CT information and bone mechanics attributes, establishing correlation between clinical CT gray values of a patient and the size of a finite element grid, directly generating finite element grid data according to the CT gray values, and completing the division of a bone gradient finite element grid;
(3) designing a truss structure according to the mechanical properties of the bone, wherein the truss structure is in gradient distribution and is generated by node information of a finite element mesh model, and the finite element mesh model is converted into a line segment geometric model of the bone through programming;
(4) endowing cross sections for all line segments of the line segment geometric model of the bone, and establishing a simulated bone entity truss structure geometric model formed by rod pieces;
(5) realizing common node connection among different-size units in the simulation bone entity truss structure geometric model, and carrying out grid optimization at the connection part, namely carrying out smooth transition processing on grid units and optimizing the unit edge line direction along the bone force line direction;
(6) and (5) reconstructing a mechanical equivalent simulation bone through a 3D printing technology.
2. The method for manufacturing a mechanical equivalent simulation bone based on finite element mesh according to claim 1, wherein the step of constructing the geometric model of the bone in step (1) comprises: clinical CT data of a patient are obtained, body membrane calibration is carried out on CT, Mimics software is introduced, image segmentation is carried out, three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out on bones, and a geometric model of the bones is obtained.
3. A method for manufacturing a mechanical equivalent simulation bone based on a finite element mesh according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (2), the gray value information of each voxel point is extracted through a geometric model of the bone, and the relationship between the gray value of the voxel point and the cell size is established to complete the division of the gradient finite element mesh of the bone.
4. The method for manufacturing a mechanical equivalent simulation bone based on a finite element mesh according to claim 3, wherein the relationship between the voxel gray value and the cell size is shown in formula 1:
Es＝-0.5ln[Hu+100]+4.3 (equation 1).
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the finite element mesh model with gradient distribution is established in the step (3), the node numbers and node coordinate information of the mesh model are extracted, and the nodes are connected by MATLAB programming to generate the line segment geometric model of the bone.
6. The method for manufacturing a mechanical equivalent simulation bone based on a finite element mesh according to claim 1, wherein the truss structure of the geometrical model of the truss structure of the simulation bone entity in the step (4) is composed of rod pieces with the same cross section, and the porosity of the structure is controlled by controlling the length of the rod pieces, so as to regulate and control the mechanical properties of the structure.
7. The method for manufacturing a mechanically equivalent simulated bone based on a finite element mesh according to claim 1, wherein the finite element calculation is performed on the truss structures with different porosities in the geometrical model of the simulated bone solid truss structure in the step (4) to obtain the elastic modulus thereof, and the elastic modulus thereof is in one-to-one correspondence with the bone partitions with corresponding mechanical properties to achieve the mechanical equivalent with the human cancellous bone with different densities.
8. The method for manufacturing a mechanically equivalent simulated bone based on a finite element mesh according to claim 1, wherein the mesh optimization at the joints in the step (5) is to smoothly transition the bone structures with different densities through a variable-length rod truss structure, to give cross sections to each line segment of the geometric model of the simulated bone solid truss structure, and to smoothly process the contact points of the rod members to achieve the joining effect.
9. The method for manufacturing a mechanical equivalent simulation bone based on finite element mesh as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material for 3D printing in step (6) is photosensitive resin mixed metal or ceramic powder, and the material is preferably a material that can achieve a level similar to the mechanical properties of human bone cortex according to the severity of osteoporosis.
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| WO2023200731A1 (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2023-10-19 | Rose Daniel Todd | Foamable thermoplastic compositions for 3d printing |
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