CN112182996A - Regional wind power plant overall active power prediction method - Google Patents
Regional wind power plant overall active power prediction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112182996A CN112182996A CN202011241341.XA CN202011241341A CN112182996A CN 112182996 A CN112182996 A CN 112182996A CN 202011241341 A CN202011241341 A CN 202011241341A CN 112182996 A CN112182996 A CN 112182996A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a regional wind power plant whole active power prediction method, which comprises a flow field numerical model and comprises the following steps: s1, grid division, S2, boundary condition setting, S3, solving parameter setting, S4, an SSTK-omega turbulence model is adopted for solving and calculation, and a pressure velocity coupling algorithm adopts a SIMPLEC algorithm; s5, analyzing a numerical simulation result, considering the prediction performance of each wind power plant in a region, generating a structured grid by creating Block by using ICEM software in a CFD simulation calculation system, carrying out unstructured grid division on a complex geometric model by virtue of the advantage of good geometric simulation adaptability, calculating the power prediction value of the wind power plant with poor prediction performance according to the change trend of the wind power plant with better prediction performance through a certain weight, carrying out solution calculation by adopting an SSTK-omega turbulence model, and improving the accuracy of the whole generation power prediction of the wind power plant in the region by adopting a SIMPLEC algorithm as a pressure-velocity coupling algorithm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric power, and particularly relates to a regional wind power plant integral active power prediction method.
Background
Aiming at the problem of wind power generation volatility, units such as colleges and universities, scientific research institutions, power generation enterprises, equipment manufacturers and power grid enterprises carry out a great deal of research on wind power prediction, and a lot of effects are obtained. However, the wind power generation distribution area is too wide, the meteorological, resource and geographical characteristics of different areas are greatly different, the performance levels of the prediction systems of the wind power plants are different, and the prediction effect of the wind power generation in many areas is not ideal. From the perspective of wind power integration, a power system does not care about the power conversion condition of a single wind power plant, but rather pays more attention to the general trend of wind power generation power in a certain tidal current cross section area, in other words, the accuracy of prediction of the integral generation power of wind power in a specific area is far more valuable than that of power prediction of a single wind power plant.
However, the current regional prediction is the simple accumulation of the predicted power of each wind farm, and the prediction accuracy of the whole regional wind power generation power is not high due to the difference of the prediction levels of each wind farm.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a regional wind power plant integral active power prediction method to solve the problems in the prior art in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for predicting the whole active power of a regional wind power plant comprises a flow field numerical model, wherein the flow field numerical model comprises a complete wind turbine, a flow field calculation region and a CFD simulation calculation system, the complete wind turbine comprises a wind wheel, a cabin and a tower, the flow field calculation region comprises an inner region and an outer region, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, grid division, namely generating a structured grid by creating Block by using ICEM software in a CFD simulation computing system, and carrying out unstructured grid division on a complex geometric model by virtue of the advantage of good adaptability to geometric simulation;
s2, setting boundary conditions, including an inlet boundary, an outlet boundary, a symmetrical boundary, a fixed wall boundary, an inner boundary and an inner rotating domain;
s3, setting solving parameters, and solving by adopting a pressure-based separation implicit three-dimensional solver;
s4, solving and calculating by adopting an SSTK-omega turbulence model, wherein a pressure velocity coupling algorithm adopts a SIMPLEC algorithm;
and S5, analyzing the numerical simulation result, and respectively calculating four wind speed working conditions of 5m/S, 8m/S, 11m/S and 15m/S, including medium and low wind speed, rated wind speed and wind conditions above the rated wind speed.
Preferably, the inner domain part is established into a cylindrical shape and comprises blades, a hub and a front section part of a rotating shaft, the height H of the outer domain part is 4D (D is the diameter of a wind wheel), the boundary distance B between two sides is 7D, the distance between an inlet boundary and a fan is set to be 4D, and the distance between an outlet boundary and the fan is set to be 10D.
Preferably, the bottom of the external domain part, the nacelle and the tower all adopt non-slip fixed wall boundary conditions, the fan blades and the hub do rotating motion, the rotating speed relative to the nearby flow field area is zero, namely, the wall surface and the rotating coordinate system move simultaneously or are static simultaneously, and the advantage of setting the relative speed here is that the wall surface boundary conditions are not set one by one when the moving speed of the fluid area needs to be changed in the future.
Preferably, the inner domain part is established into a cylinder shape, each surface of the cylinder is an interface of the inner domain and the adjacent subdomains share a group of nodes on the boundary, and then grids of all different computing domains can be generated together and then stored in the same grid file.
Preferably, the inner rotation domain is a MRF multi-reference coordinate system model, the rotation axis is a right-hand spiral rule, and the rotation speed of the inner rotation domain is equal to the rotation speed of the moving wall surface.
Preferably, in the CFD simulation computation system, the control equations must be established first, the initial conditions are initial values defining the respective solution variables before the simulation computation starts, and the boundary conditions are solution variable change constraints on the boundary of a given computation domain.
Preferably, the grid division is divided into two types, one type is a structured grid, the grid is compared regularly, the spatial position is compared regularly, and the general grid is quadrilateral or hexahedron in shape; the other type is an unstructured grid, the grid is often disordered, and the shape of the grid is generally triangular or tetrahedral.
Preferably, the flow field numerical model comprises a single reference system model, a multi-reference system model and a mixed plane model, the single reference system model only relates to one calculation domain, and a motion reference system is used in the whole calculation domain during calculation; the multi-reference frame model relates to more than one calculation domain, and when the problem to be researched comprises a plurality of rotation domains or static areas, the multi-reference frame model is considered to be adopted; the mixed plane model relates to a plurality of calculation domains like a multi-reference-system model, when the interface flow is inconsistent, the MRF model cannot be used, and at the moment, the MP model processes the interface by adopting a circumferential average algorithm, so that a better simulation result can be obtained.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that: compared with the prior art, the method for predicting the integral active power of the regional wind power plant has the following advantages:
according to the method, the prediction performance of each wind power plant in the region is considered, an ICEM software is utilized in a CFD simulation calculation system to generate a structured grid through Block creation, unstructured grid division is carried out on a complex geometric model by virtue of the advantage of good geometric simulation adaptability, the variation trend of the wind power plant with better prediction performance is calculated on the predicted value of the power of the wind power plant with poorer prediction performance through a certain weight, an SSTK-omega turbulence model is adopted to carry out solving calculation, a pressure velocity coupling algorithm adopts a SIMPLEC algorithm, and the accuracy of the whole generation power prediction of the wind power plant in the region can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a flow field calculation region of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the meshing of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the rotation domain meshing of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional velocity cloud of a vertical fan at an inflow velocity of 5m/s according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a sectional velocity cloud of a vertical fan at an inflow velocity of 8m/s according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of CFD simulation calculation according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not delimit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a regional wind power plant whole active power prediction method as shown in figures 1-6, the invention simulates the numerical simulation of a flow field of a whole wind turbine, under the working condition of uniform inflow, blades rotate around a rotating shaft, if only the simulation of a wind wheel of the wind turbine is considered, the selection of a cylindrical calculation domain is reasonable, but the simulation object of the embodiment is the simulation of the whole wind turbine, including the simulation of the wind wheel, a cabin and a tower, therefore, the embodiment selects a cuboid calculation domain.
The flow field calculation area is divided into an inner area and an outer area, and the inner area of the rotating flow field is built into a cylinder shape and comprises blades, a hub and a rotating shaft front section. The outer domain part considers that the maximum blockage rate of the model is less than 3%, the distance between the outlet boundary and the fan is required to enable the turbulent flow to be fully developed, and if the distance is too small, backflow is easily generated at the outlet, and divergence occurs in calculation. Therefore, the height H of the selected external domain part is 4D (D is the diameter of the wind wheel), the boundary distance B between two sides is 7D, the distance between the inlet boundary and the fan is set to be 4D, the distance between the outlet boundary and the fan is set to be 10D, and the numerical simulation calculation domain and the grid division condition are shown in figures 1-3;
the method comprises the following steps:
1) the mesh division is the most critical step in the CFD simulation calculation process, and the final precision of the calculation result and the efficiency of the calculation process mainly depend on the number and quality of meshes and the selected algorithm. The number of grids is too small, so that a more accurate solution cannot be obtained, the number of grids is too large, the calculated amount is increased, and the calculation is difficult to converge. Structured grids can be generated by creating blocks by using ICEM software, and for complex geometric models, people often perform unstructured grid division on the complex geometric models by virtue of the advantage of good adaptability to geometric simulation.
Because the wind wheel blades are of irregular twisted structures, the quality of the structured grid generated by the whole wind turbine flow field model is poor, the mixed grid is adopted, the unstructured grid is adopted in the internal rotating domain, the structured grid is generated in the external flow field, pseudo diffusion easily occurs to the grid at the interface position at the moment, and the mixed grid is not easy to converge, so that the unstructured grid is comprehensively considered to be adopted for the whole flow field
2) The boundary conditions are solution variable change constraints on the boundaries of a given computational domain. Whether the calculation solution is accurate or not depends on whether the boundary conditions are reasonable or not, and the boundary conditions must be given before the calculation is solved. Therefore, the setting of the boundary conditions is also important. The boundary conditions are set as follows:
entrance boundary: because the incoming flow wind speed is different under different working conditions, the inlet is assumed to be uniform incoming flow, and a velocity-inlet condition is adopted.
Exit boundary: since the pressure or velocity at the outlet cannot be determined, a free outflow condition is used, assuming that the flow at the outlet is well developed, with no gradient change in the direction of flow.
Symmetric boundary: symmetric boundary (symmetry) conditions are typically used on both sides of the outer computing domain, while free-slip boundary (freeslip) conditions are typically used on the top of the computing domain, where symmetric boundary conditions are often used instead.
Wall fixing boundary: the bottom of the external calculation domain, the engine room and the tower frame all adopt a non-slip fixed wall boundary (nonslipwall) condition, and the fan blade and the hub do rotating motion, so the blade and the hub are set to be a movable wall (movingwall) condition, the rotating speed relative to a nearby flow field area is zero, namely the wall and a rotating coordinate system move simultaneously or are static simultaneously, the setting of the relative speed has the advantage that when the moving speed of a fluid area needs to be changed in the future, the wall boundary conditions are not required to be set one by one, and only the moving speed of the fluid area needs to be changed. In the boundaryconditionins setting panel of Fluent, MovingWall is selected in the WallMotion column, relatto adajacentcellzone is selected in the Motion column, the speed is set to zero, the rotation axis origin (Rotate-axis origin) is specified as (0, 0, 0) point, the rotation axis is the Y axis, the rotation axis direction (Rotate-axis direction) Y direction is specified as 1, and the X, Z direction is specified as 0.
Inner boundary: each surface of the small cylinder is an interface of an internal domain and an external domain, and the MRF model grid is arranged in two modes: one is that when the grids on the boundary between the adjacent inner and outer domains are regular, in other words, the adjacent sub-domains share a group of nodes on the boundary, then all the grids of different calculation domains can be generated together and then stored in the same grid file; the other is grid type irregular on the boundary of the adjacent inner and outer domains, namely, the adjacent sub-domains do not share a group of nodes on the boundary, and at the moment, grids are respectively generated for different calculation domains and then stored in different grid files. The former should set the interface of different computation domains as an internal (interface) type, the latter should set the interface of different computation domains as an interface (interface) type, and then merge the interface boundaries of different computation domains in the grid interface (Gridinterfaces) panel of Fluent. By comprehensive analysis, the interface is set as the interface boundary condition in the present embodiment.
Internal rotation domain: the MRF multiple reference coordinate system model is adopted, and the rotating shaft adopts a right-hand spiral rule, so that the rotating speed is divided into positive and negative parts. The rotation speed of the internal rotation region in this embodiment is set to be the same as the moving wall surface rotation speed. In the cellzoneconditiones setting panel, the rotation calculation field is set, FrameMotion is selected, and similarly, Rotate-AxisOrigin is designated as (0, 0, 0) point, the rotation axis is the Y axis, and the Y direction in Rotate-AxisDirection is designated as 1, and the X, Z direction is designated as 0. The Rotational Velocity is set to-107 r/min;
3) the Fluent software comprises two solvers, namely a separating solver (SegregatedSolver) and a coupling solver (coupler solver). The flow field studied in this embodiment belongs to a low-speed flow field, and therefore, a separation solver is selected, and the separation solver is different from a coupling solver in that both an implicit solution and an explicit solution exist, and only the implicit solution exists. In addition, there are two numerical methods for the solver, including Pressure-Based and Density-Based. For the low-speed incompressible flow studied in this example, a pressure-based solver is often chosen. Therefore, aiming at the research content of the embodiment, a pressure-based separation implicit three-dimensional solver is uniformly adopted for solving;
4) the SSTK-omega turbulence model is adopted for solving and calculating, and the pressure velocity coupling algorithm adopts a SIMPLEC algorithm;
5) and analyzing the numerical simulation result, and respectively calculating four wind speed working conditions of 5m/s, 8m/s, 11m/s and 15m/s, including medium and low wind speed, rated wind speed and wind conditions above the rated wind speed.
FIG. 4 is a velocity cloud chart of a cross section of a vertical fan rotation plane under the condition of an inflow velocity of 5m/s, wherein the velocity is reduced at the rear of the fan, the area with the maximum wind velocity attenuation value is positioned right behind the fan, the wind velocity at the maximum position is attenuated to 3.0-3.5 m/s, and the wind velocity is reduced by 30% -40% compared with the inflow velocity;
FIG. 5 is a velocity cloud chart of a cross section of a vertical fan rotation plane under the condition of an inflow velocity of 8m/s, and it can be seen from the velocity cloud chart that the velocity is reduced at the rear of the fan, the area with the maximum wind velocity attenuation value is positioned right behind the fan, the wind velocity at the maximum position is attenuated to 5.0-5.5 m/s, and the wind velocity is reduced by 30% -37% compared with the inflow velocity.
The bottom of the external domain part, the engine room and the tower frame all adopt the non-slip fixed wall boundary condition, the fan blade and the hub do rotating motion, the rotating speed relative to the nearby flow field area is zero, namely the wall surface and the rotating coordinate system move simultaneously or are static simultaneously, and the advantage of setting the relative speed in the position is that the wall surface boundary condition is not needed to be set one by one when the moving speed of the fluid area needs to be changed in the future.
The inner domain part is built into a cylinder shape, each surface of the cylinder is an interface of the inner domain and the outer domain, and adjacent subdomains share a group of nodes on the boundary.
And an inner rotating domain adopts an MRF multiple reference coordinate system model, a rotating shaft adopts a right-hand spiral rule, and the rotating speed of the inner rotating domain is set to be the same as the rotating speed of the moving wall surface.
In a CFD simulation computation system, control equations must first be established, with initial conditions defining the initial values of the various solution variables before the simulation computation begins, and boundary conditions defining solution variable change constraints on the boundaries of a given computation domain.
The grid division is divided into two types, one type is structured grid, the grid is compared regularly, the spatial position is compared normatively, and the general grid shape is quadrangle or hexahedron; the other type is an unstructured grid, the grid is often disordered, and the shape of the grid is generally triangular or tetrahedral.
The flow field numerical model comprises a single reference system model, a multi-reference system model and a mixed plane model, only one calculation domain is involved in the single reference system model, and a motion reference system is used in the whole calculation domain during calculation; the multi-reference frame model relates to more than one calculation domain, and when the problem to be researched comprises a plurality of rotation domains or static areas, the multi-reference frame model is considered to be adopted; the mixed plane model relates to a plurality of calculation domains like a multi-reference-system model, when the interface flow is inconsistent, the MRF model cannot be used, and at the moment, the MP model processes the interface by adopting a circumferential average algorithm, so that a better simulation result can be obtained.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for predicting the whole active power of the regional wind power plant comprises a flow field numerical model, wherein the flow field numerical model comprises a complete wind turbine, a flow field calculation region and a CFD simulation calculation system, the complete wind turbine comprises a wind wheel, a cabin and a tower, the flow field calculation region comprises an inner region and an outer region, and the method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, grid division, namely generating a structured grid by creating Block by using ICEM software in a CFD simulation computing system, and carrying out unstructured grid division on a complex geometric model by virtue of the advantage of good adaptability to geometric simulation;
s2, setting boundary conditions, including an inlet boundary, an outlet boundary, a symmetrical boundary, a fixed wall boundary, an inner boundary and an inner rotating domain;
s3, setting solving parameters, and solving by adopting a pressure-based separation implicit three-dimensional solver;
s4, solving and calculating by adopting an SSTK-omega turbulence model, wherein a pressure velocity coupling algorithm adopts a SIMPLEC algorithm;
and S5, analyzing the numerical simulation result, and respectively calculating four wind speed working conditions of 5m/S, 8m/S, 11m/S and 15m/S, including medium and low wind speed, rated wind speed and wind conditions above the rated wind speed.
2. The method for predicting the overall active power of the regional wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the inner domain part is built into a cylinder shape and comprises blades, a hub and a front section part of a rotating shaft, the height H of the outer domain part is 4D, the boundary distance B between two sides is 7D, the distance between the inlet boundary and the fan is set to be 4D, and the distance between the outlet boundary and the fan is set to be 10D.
3. The method for predicting the overall active power of the regional wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the bottom of the external domain part, the engine room and the tower frame all adopt the non-slip fixed wall boundary condition, the fan blade and the hub do rotating motion, the rotating speed relative to the nearby flow field area is zero, namely the wall surface and the rotating coordinate system move simultaneously or are static simultaneously, and the advantage of setting the relative speed in the position is that the wall surface boundary condition is not needed to be set one by one when the moving speed of the fluid area needs to be changed in the future.
4. The method for predicting the overall active power of the regional wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the inner domain part is built into a cylinder shape, each surface of the cylinder is an interface of the inner domain and the outer domain, and adjacent subdomains share a group of nodes on the boundary.
5. The method for predicting the overall active power of the regional wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and an inner rotating domain adopts an MRF multiple reference coordinate system model, a rotating shaft adopts a right-hand spiral rule, and the rotating speed of the inner rotating domain is set to be the same as the rotating speed of the moving wall surface.
6. The method for predicting the overall active power of the regional wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in a CFD simulation computation system, control equations must first be established, with initial conditions defining the initial values of the various solution variables before the simulation computation begins, and boundary conditions defining solution variable change constraints on the boundaries of a given computation domain.
7. The method for predicting the overall active power of the regional wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the grid division is divided into two types, one type is structured grid, the grid is compared regularly, the spatial position is compared normatively, and the general grid shape is quadrangle or hexahedron; the other type is an unstructured grid, the grid is often disordered, and the shape of the grid is generally triangular or tetrahedral.
8. The method for predicting the overall active power of the regional wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the flow field numerical model comprises a single reference system model, a multi-reference system model and a mixed plane model, only one calculation domain is involved in the single reference system model, and a motion reference system is used in the whole calculation domain during calculation; the multi-reference frame model relates to more than one calculation domain, and when the problem to be researched comprises a plurality of rotation domains or static areas, the multi-reference frame model is considered to be adopted; the mixed plane model relates to a plurality of calculation domains like a multi-reference-system model, when the interface flow is inconsistent, the MRF model cannot be used, and at the moment, the MP model processes the interface by adopting a circumferential average algorithm, so that a better simulation result can be obtained.
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| US20150204922A1 (en) * | 2012-08-07 | 2015-07-23 | Korea Institute Of Energy Research | Method for Predicting Wind Power Density |
| CN104699936A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2015-06-10 | 沈阳工业大学 | Sector management method based on CFD short-term wind speed forecasting wind power plant |
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