CN112182994A - Vascular modeling method and device based on walnut clamp syndrome hemodynamics - Google Patents
Vascular modeling method and device based on walnut clamp syndrome hemodynamics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vascular modeling method and device based on nutcracker syndrome hemodynamics.A left renal vein enhanced CT medical image of a nutcracker syndrome patient is imported into a Mimics software, and gray scale display is adjusted to a Soft Tissue mode after positioning; preprocessing the imported CT image, creating a mask and generating a three-dimensional model; optimizing the three-dimensional model generated by the mask calculation; meshing the modeled blood vessel by using a tetrahedron method, and encrypting the mesh distribution in the lesion region of the left renal vein stenosis; and (3) importing the grid model into a FLUENT module in ANSYS 17.2 software, setting boundary conditions and parameters, performing left renal vein hemodynamic numerical simulation calculation, and solving parameter distribution of a velocity field, a wall surface pressure field and wall surface shear stress. The hemodynamic parameter result obtained by analog calculation of the invention is very fit with the clinical ultrasonic detection data of the disease, and provides important quantitative basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment scheme formulation of the disease.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a modeling method and a modeling device, in particular to a vascular modeling method and a vascular modeling device based on walnut clamp syndrome hemodynamics.
Background
Walnut clamp syndrome (NCS) refers to the abnormal hemodynamic parameters of the left renal vein caused by the obstruction of the blood flow in the left renal vein due to the compression of the undersized blood vessels with the included angle when the blood flow is sent to the inferior vena cava through the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta on the way. Clinically, the symptoms are mainly intermittent hematuria accompanied with pain, proteinuria and severe pain of the left waist and abdomen. When the patient has the above symptoms of unknown cause, the nutcracker syndrome can be used as a cause for the examination by the clinician. However, there is currently no international standard for the diagnosis of the nutcracker syndrome or no medically agreed standard of practice. At present, the method for diagnosing the nutcracker syndrome is a common method for diagnosing the nutcracker syndrome by measuring the pressure of the inferior vena cava and the pressure of the left renal vein and comparing the difference between the two, which is commonly used in the medical field, and the nutcracker syndrome can be considered to be suffered if the pressure difference between the left renal vein and the inferior vena cava after being pressed is more than or equal to 0.49 kpa. However, the pressure measurement of the left renal vein by invasive methods is complicated and invasive, and invasive detection is unacceptable for patients who do not require the placement of a vascular stent.
At present, relevant research at home and abroad mainly focuses on discussing the diagnostic value and the diagnostic standard of various imaging methods for the disease. It is reported that when the ratio of the width of the external flaring site of the left renal vein to the width of the pressurized site is more than 4 and the ratio of the flow rate of the pressurized site to the blood flow rate of the external flaring site reaches 4: 1, if the patient develops hematuria, the diagnosis of nutcracker syndrome can be confirmed. Therefore, providing more quantitative parameters related to the focus in a non-invasive manner is the focus of research on clinical diagnosis and treatment of the walnut clamp syndrome. However, due to the lack of comprehensive reports, there is no data about the changes of left renal vein and inferior vena cava pressure and left renal hemodynamic parameters caused by different degrees of stenosis of the left renal vein. Therefore, accurate vascular modeling is carried out on the left renal vein of a human body through a computational fluid dynamics method, simultaneously, hemodynamic simulation calculation is carried out on the model, the hemodynamic parameter distribution of the focus blood vessel of the hickory nut syndrome patient is visualized, and the characteristic data can be used as an important reference standard for diagnosing the hickory nut syndrome, is an important reference basis for a clinician to judge whether the patient needs a surgical operation or not and is an important reference index for judging recovery conditions after the operation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a vascular modeling method and device based on the hemodynamics of the walnut clamp syndrome, which can quantify the characteristic mechanism of the hemodynamics of a patient, further deepen the clinical understanding of the pathological mechanism of the walnut clamp syndrome and provide quantification basis for the diagnosis and treatment scheme formulation of the disease.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a vascular modeling method based on the hemodynamics of the walnut clip syndrome is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: importing a left renal vein enhanced CT medical image of a nutcracker syndrome patient into a Mimics software, setting up an upper direction, a lower direction, a right direction and a left direction to position the image, and adjusting gray scale display to a Soft Tissue mode;
step two: preprocessing the imported CT image, creating a mask and generating a three-dimensional model;
step three: optimizing the three-dimensional model generated by the mask calculation;
step four: meshing the modeled blood vessel by using a tetrahedron method, and encrypting the mesh distribution in the lesion region of the left renal vein stenosis;
step five: and (3) importing the grid model into a FLUENT module in ANSYS 17.2 software, setting boundary conditions and parameters, performing left renal vein hemodynamic numerical simulation calculation, and solving parameter distribution of a velocity field, a wall surface pressure field and wall surface shear stress. And comparing the result with data obtained by clinical ultrasound to verify the calculation effectiveness of the model.
Further, the preprocessing in the second step is to use two algorithms of threshold segmentation and dynamic region growing to separate out the left renal vein, the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta.
Further, the optimization processing in the third step is to perform smoothing processing on the blood vessel model by using a Smooth method. Filling the vacancy on the blood vessel mask, reducing the holes, burrs and depressions on the surface of the three-dimensional model, and setting a proper smoothing index and iteration times to smooth the surface of the established blood vessel model so as to facilitate later finite element analysis.
Furthermore, after the mesh is divided in the fourth step, a blood flow outlet, an inlet and a calculation domain are defined, and boundary layers are divided in the inlet, the outlet and the calculation domain to improve the calculation accuracy of the wall boundary.
Further, the boundary conditions and parameters set in the fifth step are as follows:
A. setting the blood fluid in the left kidney vein as Newtonian fluid, wherein the blood cannot be compressed, the blood vessel has no permeability, the blood flow is laminar flow, and the flow belongs to non-fixed-length flow;
B. the wall of the vessel is smooth and has no slippage, and the vessel wall is a rigid pipeline;
C. the blood density is set to 1055kg/m at the normal body temperature of a human body3The viscosity is set to be 0.003 pas;
D. the vessel inlet was a velocity inlet with a velocity set at 0.5m/s and the vessel outlet was a pressure outlet, set to zero at atmospheric pressure irrespective of gravity.
Further, the simulation calculation in the fifth step specifically comprises the following steps:
step A, two left renal vein three-dimensional models divided into grids are led into FLUENT, the default unit of the MESH grid file is set to be millimeter, the residual error is set to be 10-4The simulation type is steady state calculation;
step B, the blood flow numerical simulation algorithm is a COUPLED algorithm, a Navier-Stoke equation set is simultaneously solved,
wherein v represents blood flow velocity, P represents pressure, ρ represents blood flow density, μ represents hemodynamic viscosity;
and C, setting the calculation model as k-epsilon (2eqn) of the viscosity model, setting the blood to flow at a constant speed of 0.5m/s, setting the pressure at a blood flow inlet to be 0 under the condition of background pressure, setting 200 iteration steps, and automatically stopping calculation when a required residual error value is reached.
The device for realizing the vascular modeling method based on the walnut clamp syndrome hemodynamics comprises a CT image preprocessing unit, a target blood vessel segmentation unit, a target blood vessel modeling unit, a model optimization unit, a model mesh division unit and a finite element model calculation unit; the CT image preprocessing unit is connected with the target blood vessel segmentation unit, the target blood vessel segmentation unit is connected with the target blood vessel modeling unit, the target blood vessel modeling unit is connected with the model optimization unit, the model optimization unit is connected with the model mesh division unit, and the model mesh division unit is connected with the finite element model calculation unit.
Compared with the prior art: aiming at the numerical simulation of the hemodynamic characteristics of a walnut clamp syndrome patient, the invention performs intravascular blood flow simulation calculation on the left renal vein of a human body by using MIMICS and Ansys Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods, then performs visualization processing on the obtained hemodynamic parameters, the hemodynamic parameter result obtained by model calculation is matched with clinical ultrasonic detection data of the disease, the validity of the model and the calculation data can be ensured, and the provided hemodynamic characteristic visualization result can provide an important quantitative basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment scheme formulation of the disease.
The invention applies a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method to the finite element model calculation of the walnut clamp syndrome, quantifies the hemodynamic characteristics of the focus of the disease, and has great practical application value. More importantly, the invention can be embedded into an application system, thereby facilitating later-stage popularization. The method is simple and effective, has a reasonable technical scheme, can efficiently and accurately quantify the hemodynamic characteristics of the walnut clamp syndrome patient, has high feasibility and has clinical practical value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the evaluation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional model of the left renal vein and its adjacent vessels;
FIG. 3 is a mesh model generated of the left renal vein;
FIG. 4 is a cloud of wall pressure distributions of a lesion vascular model;
FIG. 5 is a cloud of velocity profiles of blood vessels of a lesion vascular model;
FIG. 6 is a cloud of lesion vascular model shear stress distributions;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an apparatus for carrying out the evaluation method of the present invention;
figure 8 is a pre-operative sonography sonogram of a nutcracker syndrome (NCS) patient.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the modeling method of the present application specifically comprises the steps of:
importing left renal vein enhanced CT medical images of nutcracker syndrome patients into a Mimics software, setting up four directions of up, down, right and left to position the images, and adjusting gray scale display to a Soft Tissue mode as shown in figures 2a, b and c;
preprocessing the imported CT image by using two algorithms of threshold segmentation and dynamic region growth, separating out the left renal vein, the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta, creating a mask and generating a three-dimensional model, as shown in figure 2 d;
performing Smooth optimization processing on the three-dimensional model generated by the mask calculation by using a Smooth method, as shown in fig. 2 e;
performing mesh division on the modeled blood vessel by using a tetrahedral method, as shown in fig. 3, defining a blood flow outlet, an inlet and a calculation domain after the mesh division, dividing a boundary layer at the inlet, the outlet and the calculation domain to improve the calculation precision of a wall boundary, and performing encryption processing on the mesh distribution of a left renal vein stenosis region;
importing the grid model into a FLUENT module in ANSYS 17.2 software, and setting boundary conditions and parameters:
A. setting the blood fluid in the left kidney vein as Newtonian fluid, wherein the blood cannot be compressed, the blood vessel has no permeability, the blood flow is laminar flow, and the flow belongs to non-fixed-length flow;
B. the wall of the vessel is smooth and has no slippage, and the vessel wall is a rigid pipeline;
C. the blood density is set to 1055kg/m at the normal body temperature of a human body3The viscosity is set to be 0.003 pas;
D. the blood vessel inlet is a speed inlet, the speed is set to be 0.5m/s, the blood vessel outlet is a pressure outlet, and the relative pressure is set to be zero under the atmospheric pressure without considering the gravity;
after boundary conditions and parameters are set, performing left renal vein hemodynamic numerical simulation calculation, and solving parameter distribution of a velocity field, a wall pressure field and wall shear stress, wherein the parameter distribution is respectively shown in fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 6;
A. importing two left renal vein three-dimensional models divided into grids into FLUENT, setting the default unit of an MESH grid file as millimeter, and setting the residual error as 10-4The simulation type is steady state calculation;
B. the blood flow numerical simulation algorithm is a COUPLED algorithm, simultaneous solution is carried out on a Navier-Stoke equation set,
wherein v represents blood flow velocity, P represents pressure, ρ represents blood flow density, μ represents hemodynamic viscosity;
C. setting the calculation model as k-epsilon (2eqn) of the viscosity model, setting the blood to flow at a constant speed of 0.5m/s, setting the pressure at the blood flow inlet to be 0 under the condition of background pressure, setting 200 iteration steps, and automatically stopping calculation when a required residual value is reached.
As shown in fig. 7, the apparatus for implementing the vascular modeling method based on the hemodynamic of the walnut tree clip syndrome includes a CT image preprocessing unit, a target blood vessel segmentation unit, a target blood vessel modeling unit, a model optimization unit, a model mesh division unit, and a finite element model calculation unit; the CT image preprocessing unit is connected with the target blood vessel segmentation unit, the target blood vessel segmentation unit is connected with the target blood vessel modeling unit, the target blood vessel modeling unit is connected with the model optimization unit, the model optimization unit is connected with the model mesh division unit, and the model mesh division unit is connected with the finite element model calculation unit.
FIG. 8 is a pre-operative ultrasound sonogram of a 22 year old male Juglans Carriers syndrome (NCS) patient whose superior mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta are significantly narrowed, Color Doppler Flow Imaging (CDFI) showing a significantly narrowed internal diameter of the left renal vein at the site of compression and a five-color high velocity jet of blood flow, and a tortuous and dilated left spermatic vein, as shown in FIG. 8; the result obtained by the blood vessel modeling method provided by the invention is consistent with the data obtained by clinical ultrasound, and simultaneously, the blood vessel modeling method provided by the invention can also provide equivalent parameter information such as static pressure and WSS.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any minor modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A vascular modeling method based on the hemodynamics of the walnut clip syndrome is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: importing a left renal vein enhanced CT medical image of a nutcracker syndrome patient into a Mimics software, setting up an upper direction, a lower direction, a right direction and a left direction to position the image, and adjusting gray scale display to a Soft Tissue mode;
step two: preprocessing the imported CT image, creating a mask and generating a three-dimensional model;
step three: optimizing the three-dimensional model generated by the mask calculation;
step four: meshing the modeled blood vessel by using a tetrahedron method, and encrypting the mesh distribution in the lesion region of the left renal vein stenosis;
step five: and (3) importing the grid model into a FLUENT module in ANSYS 17.2 software, setting boundary conditions and parameters, performing left renal vein hemodynamic numerical simulation calculation, and solving parameter distribution of a velocity field, a wall surface pressure field and wall surface shear stress.
2. The vessel modeling method based on nutcracker syndrome hemodynamics as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preprocessing in the second step is to use two algorithms of threshold segmentation and dynamic region growing to separate the left renal vein, superior mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta.
3. The vessel modeling method based on hickory nut syndrome hemodynamics as claimed in claim 1, wherein said optimization in step three is smoothing of the vessel model using the Smooth method.
4. The vessel modeling method based on hickory nut syndrome hemodynamics as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step four is to define blood outlet, blood inlet and blood calculation domain after meshing, and to divide boundary layer at said outlet and said calculation domain to improve the calculation accuracy of wall boundary.
5. The vascular modeling method based on nutcracker syndrome hemodynamic according to claim 1, wherein the boundary conditions and parameters set in the fifth step are:
A. setting the blood fluid in the left kidney vein as Newtonian fluid, wherein the blood cannot be compressed, the blood vessel has no permeability, the blood flow is laminar flow, and the flow belongs to non-fixed-length flow;
B. the wall of the vessel is smooth and has no slippage, and the vessel wall is a rigid pipeline;
C. the blood density is set to 1055kg/m at the normal body temperature of a human body3The viscosity is set to be 0.003 pas;
D. the vessel inlet was a velocity inlet with a velocity set at 0.5m/s and the vessel outlet was a pressure outlet, set to zero at atmospheric pressure irrespective of gravity.
6. The vascular modeling method based on hickory nut syndrome hemodynamic according to claim 5, wherein the simulation calculation in step five specifically comprises the steps of:
step A, leading the two left renal vein three-dimensional models divided into grids into FLUENT, and enabling MESH gridding textDefault unit is set to millimeter, residual is set to 10-4The simulation type is steady state calculation;
step B, the blood flow numerical simulation algorithm is a COUPLED algorithm, a Navier-Stoke equation set is simultaneously solved,
wherein v represents blood flow velocity, P represents pressure, ρ represents blood flow density, μ represents hemodynamic viscosity;
and C, setting the calculation model as k-epsilon (2eqn) of the viscosity model, setting the blood to flow at a constant speed of 0.5m/s, setting the pressure at a blood flow inlet to be 0 under the condition of background pressure, setting 200 iteration steps, and automatically stopping calculation when a required residual error value is reached.
7. An apparatus for implementing the vascular modeling method based on walnut clamp syndrome hemodynamics according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a CT image preprocessing unit, a target vessel segmentation unit, a target vessel modeling unit, a model optimization unit, a model mesh division unit, a finite element model calculation unit; the CT image preprocessing unit is connected with the target blood vessel segmentation unit, the target blood vessel segmentation unit is connected with the target blood vessel modeling unit, the target blood vessel modeling unit is connected with the model optimization unit, the model optimization unit is connected with the model mesh division unit, and the model mesh division unit is connected with the finite element model calculation unit.
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