CN112182987A - Heat exchanger model simulation and analysis method - Google Patents

Heat exchanger model simulation and analysis method Download PDF

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CN112182987A
CN112182987A CN202010998554.0A CN202010998554A CN112182987A CN 112182987 A CN112182987 A CN 112182987A CN 202010998554 A CN202010998554 A CN 202010998554A CN 112182987 A CN112182987 A CN 112182987A
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CN112182987B (en
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郭苏
王琛
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Hohai University HHU
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Abstract

According to the heat exchanger model simulation and analysis method, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is selected as a basis to establish a model, the heat exchange effective rate is constant, and each process parameter is selected according to documents. The cold end input of the superheater/reheater/preheater is respectively water or steam according to the state of the working medium, and the hot end is a heat storage working medium. The working medium input at the cold end of the evaporator is saturated water, and the hot end of the evaporator is heat storage working medium.

Description

Heat exchanger model simulation and analysis method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of heat exchangers, and particularly relates to a heat exchanger model simulation and analysis method.
Background
At present, the solar medium-high temperature technology is the key point of the development of solar heat utilization technology in China. The heat utilization technology in the medium temperature field can be used for heating of regional buildings, air conditioning refrigeration, seawater desalination, partial industrial heat and the like. And the high-temperature field is mainly a solar thermal power generation technology. Chinese patent application No. 201420656701.6 discloses a molten salt heat storage solar thermal power generation system, which improves the operability of the overall control of a power station. Chinese patent application No. 201420657413.2 discloses a device for thermal power plant transformation using molten salt energy storage. Chinese patent application No. 201210316580.6 discloses a tower-type solar thermal power generation system with a vacuum heat absorption tube heat absorber. The above three patents all relate to a steam generator, but are limited to industrial solar thermal power generation. The chinese patent application No. 201420554530.6 discloses an indoor high-temperature heat-storage energy-storage solar furnace circulation system, which converts solar energy into heat energy and stores the heat energy for application to kitchen equipment, but as is known, solar energy has the characteristics of instability, discontinuity, dispersibility and the like, and the heat utilization efficiency of heat energy is greatly reduced in areas and weather with poor solar radiation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a heat exchanger model simulation and analysis method aiming at the defects of the background technology.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a heat exchanger model simulation and analysis method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1-1, Mass conservation equation
It is known that when a fluid flows along a pipe, the pipe wall has good sealing performance, and no fluid seeps in or out, and therefore, it is known from the law of mass conservation that when the flow rate of the fluid passing through the same cross section does not change with time, that is, when the fluid reaches a steady flow in an equilibrium state, the fluid passes through the cross section f of the pipe1And section f2Are exactly equal in mass flow of the fluid, i.e.
M＝ρ1w1f1＝ρ2w2f2＝const (3.1)
Provided that the pipe cross-section does not vary along the length of the pipe, there are
ρw＝const (3.2)；
S1-2, equation of conservation of momentum
From law of conservation of momentum
pf-(p+dp)f-τπDdl-ρgfdlsinθ＝Mdw＝ρwfdw (3.3)
Wherein p is pressure, Pa;
tau-Friction shear stress, N/m2；
f-area of internal cross-section of pipe, m2；
D-inner diameter of pipe, m;
s1-3, energy conservation equation
For a fluid with unit mass, the energy conservation equation can be expressed as follows from the first law of thermodynamics
Figure BDA0002691350520000021
In the formula (3.4), the left side of the equal sign is the sum of the heat absorbed by the fluid and the work done by the pressure intensity, and the right side of the equal sign respectively represents the mechanical work done by the fluid, the energy loss for overcoming friction and the increment of the self energy;
s2-1, basic evaporator equation
The evaporator has the same mathematical model as the superheater, the reheater and the preheater, and the difference is that the parameters of the working medium of the steam-water mixture are different.
Figure BDA0002691350520000022
Where rho1The density of the liquid phase (water) is 1X 103kg/m3；
ρvDensity of gas phase (water vapour), taking 6X 10-1kg/m3。
ρHDensity of the two-phase mixture, kg/m3；
S2-2, Mass conservation equation
Under the equilibrium state, according to the operation rule of the evaporator, the mass conservation law can be obtained
Figure BDA0002691350520000023
S2-3, equation of conservation of momentum
Figure BDA0002691350520000031
In equation (3.7), the pressure drops to the right of the equal sign are respectively generated by the resistance of the fluid in the flowing process, the gravity of the fluid and the inertia.
S2-4, energy conservation equation
For an evaporator, when the fluid does not do work externally (dL is 0), the total energy conservation equation is
Figure BDA0002691350520000032
Wherein
Figure BDA0002691350520000033
V' -specific volume of the two-phase mixture, m 3/kg;
s3-1, obtaining fused salt at the inlet of the heat exchange network according to the law of mass conservation
Msi＝Mi1+Mi2 (4.1)
For the inlet molten salt of the heat exchange network, the law of energy conservation can be obtained
MsiTsi＝Mi1Ti1+Mi2Ti2 (4.2)
For the fused salt at the inlet of the superheater, the law of momentum conservation can be used for obtaining
Di1＝Dsi×λ1+Dt1 (4.3)
For molten salt at the inlet of the reheater, the law of momentum conservation can be used for obtaining
Di2＝Dsi×λ2+Dt2 (4.4)
For the inlet molten salt of the heat exchange network, the law of energy conservation can be obtained
Qsi＝Qi1+Qi2 (4.5)
For the fused salt at the inlet of the superheater, the fused salt can be obtained by a heat calculation formula
Qi1＝CsMi1(Ti1-To1) (4.6)
For molten salt at the inlet of the reheater, the heat calculation formula can be used for obtaining the molten salt
Qi2＝CsMi2(Ti2-To2) (4.7)
For superheaters, the law of conservation of energy is used
Qi1＝Qwi1+Q1 is decreased (4.8)
For reheaters, the law of conservation of energy is derived
Qi2＝Qwi2+Q2 loss of (4.9)
For feeding water to the inlet of the superheater, a heat calculation formula can be obtained
Qwi1＝CwMwi1(Two1-Twi1) (4.10)
Feeding water to the inlet of the reheater, which is obtained by a heat calculation formula
Qwi2＝CwMwi2(Two2-Twi2) (4.11)
For the fused salt at the inlet of the evaporator, the heat calculation formula can be used for obtaining the fused salt
Qi3＝CsMi3(Ti3-To3) (4.12)
For the evaporator, the law of conservation of energy is obtained
Qi3＝Qwi3+QLoss 3 (4.13)
For the evaporator, the law of conservation of energy can be obtained
Qi3＝Qso+Qi4 (4.14)
For feeding water to the inlet of the evaporator, the mass conservation law
Qwi3＝CwMwi3(Two3-Twi3) (4.15)
For feeding water to the inlet of the evaporator, the law of conservation of momentum is used
Dwi3＝Dwo3+Dp (4.16)
For the inlet molten salt of the preheater, the heat calculation formula can be used for obtaining
Qi4＝CsMi4(Ti4-To4) (4.17)
For preheaters, the law of conservation of energy is derived
Qi4＝Qwi4+QLoss 4 (4.18)
The water is supplied to the inlet of the preheater and can be obtained by a heat calculation formula
Qwi4＝CwMwi4(Two4-Twi4) (4.19)。
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects:
the invention is characterized by the basic model shown in fig. 2, provides a heat exchanger model simulation and analysis method, and compared with a model in which a superheater, a reheater and a preheater are connected in series, the method has the advantages of practicability and economy, more ideal temperature regulation effect and wide application scene, and can meet the requirements of all-weather and commercial operation of a tower type photothermal power station.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchanger model;
fig. 2 is a diagram of a heat exchange network.
In FIG. 1, m is the mass flow of the working medium, and T is the temperature of the working medium; in the subscript, h is hot fluid, c is cold fluid, i is inlet, o is outlet, QTIs the amount of heat exchange.
In FIG. 2, P is the working medium pressure, T is the working medium temperature, D is the working medium flow, and λ is the coefficient; in the subscript, i is an inlet, o is an outlet, w is feed water, p is blow-off water, s is molten salt, and t is temperature-regulating molten salt.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the attached drawings:
according to the model selection thought of the tower type solar-thermal power generation molten salt heat exchanger researched by the literature, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is selected as a basis for establishing a model, the heat exchange effective rate is constant, and each process parameter is selected according to the literature. The cold end input of the superheater/reheater/preheater is respectively water or steam according to the state of the working medium, and the hot end is a heat storage working medium. The working medium input at the cold end of the evaporator is saturated water, and the hot end of the evaporator is heat storage working medium.
3.2 basic superheater/reheater/preheater equation
The heat exchange working media in the superheater, the reheater and the preheater are all single-phase. During operation, none of the three heat exchangers underwent a phase change. Therefore, they have the same mathematical model as follows. The difference lies in the phase change and working temperature range of the working medium. From the literature[14]As described, the following equations can be obtained by analogy:
(1) conservation of mass equation
It is known that when a fluid flows along a pipe, the pipe wall has good sealing performance, and no fluid seeps in or out, and therefore, it is known from the law of mass conservation that when the flow rate of the fluid passing through the same cross section does not change with time, that is, when the fluid reaches a steady flow in an equilibrium state, the fluid passes through the cross section f of the pipe1And section f2Are exactly equal in mass flow of the fluid, i.e.
M＝ρ1w1f1＝ρ2w2f2＝const (3.1)
Provided that the pipe cross-section does not vary along the length of the pipe, there are
ρw＝const (3.2)
(2) Conservation of momentum equation
From law of conservation of momentum
pf-(p+dp)f-τπDdl-ρgfdlsinθ＝Mdw＝ρwfdw (3.3)
Wherein p is pressure, Pa;
tau-Friction shear stress, N/m2；
f-area of internal cross-section of pipe, m2；
D is the inner diameter of the pipeline, m.
(3) Energy conservation equation
For a fluid with unit mass, the energy conservation equation can be expressed as follows from the first law of thermodynamics
Figure BDA0002691350520000061
In the formula (3.4), the left side of the equal sign is the sum of the heat absorbed by the fluid and the work done by the pressure, and the right side of the equal sign respectively represents the mechanical work done by the fluid, the energy loss for overcoming friction and the increment of the energy of the fluid. The physical meanings of the various items have been explained before, and are not described in detail.
3.3 basic equation of evaporator
The evaporator has the same mathematical model as the superheater, the reheater and the preheater, and the difference is that the parameters of the working medium of the steam-water mixture are different.
Figure BDA0002691350520000062
Where rho1The density of the liquid phase (water) is 1X 103kg/m3；
ρvDensity of gas phase (water vapour), taking 6X 10-1kg/m3。
ρHDensity of the two-phase mixture, kg/m3。
(1) Conservation of mass equation
Under the equilibrium state, according to the operation rule of the evaporator, the mass conservation law can be obtained
Figure BDA0002691350520000063
f2) Conservation of momentum equation
Figure BDA0002691350520000071
In equation (3.7), the pressure drops to the right of the equal sign are respectively generated by the resistance of the fluid in the flowing process, the gravity of the fluid and the inertia.
(3) Energy conservation equation
For an evaporator, when the fluid does not do work externally (dL is 0), the total energy conservation equation is
Figure BDA0002691350520000072
Wherein
Figure BDA0002691350520000073
Where v' -specific volume of the two-phase mixture, m3/kg；
4.1 basic equation of heat exchange network
In FIG. 2, P is the working medium pressure, T is the working medium temperature, D is the working medium flow, and λ is the coefficient; in the subscript, i is an inlet, o is an outlet, w is feed water, p is blow-off water, s is molten salt, and t is temperature-regulating molten salt. The formula (4.1) to the formula (4.19) can be obtained through the operation rule of the heat exchange network.
For the inlet molten salt of the heat exchange network, the mass conservation law can obtain
Msi＝Mi1+Mi2 (4.1)
For the inlet molten salt of the heat exchange network, the law of energy conservation can be obtained
MsiTsi＝Mi1Ti1+Mi2Ti2 (4.2)
For the fused salt at the inlet of the superheater, the law of momentum conservation can be used for obtaining
Di1＝Dsi×λ1+Dt1 (4.3)
For molten salt at the inlet of the reheater, the law of momentum conservation can be used for obtaining
Di2＝Dsi×λ2+Dt2 (4.4)
For the inlet molten salt of the heat exchange network, the law of energy conservation can be obtained
Qsi＝Qi1+Qi2 (4.5)
For the fused salt at the inlet of the superheater, the fused salt can be obtained by a heat calculation formula
Qi1＝CsMi1(Ti1-To1) (4.6)
For molten salt at the inlet of the reheater, the heat calculation formula can be used for obtaining the molten salt
Qi2＝CsMi2(Ti2-To2) (4.7)
For superheaters, the law of conservation of energy is used
Qi1＝Qwi1+Q1 is decreased (4.8)
For reheaters, the law of conservation of energy is derived
Qi2＝Qwi2+Q2 loss of (4.9)
For feeding water to the inlet of the superheater, a heat calculation formula can be obtained
Qwi1＝CwMwi1(Two1-Twi1) (4.10)
Feeding water to the inlet of the reheater, which is obtained by a heat calculation formula
Qwi2＝CwMwi2(Two2-Twi2) (4.11)
For the fused salt at the inlet of the evaporator, the heat calculation formula can be used for obtaining the fused salt
Qi3＝CsMi3(Ti3-To3) (4.12)
For the evaporator, the law of conservation of energy is obtained
Qi3＝Qwi3+QLoss 3 (4.13)
For the evaporator, the law of conservation of energy can be obtained
Qi3＝Qso+Qi4 (4.14)
For feeding water to the inlet of the evaporator, the mass conservation law
Qwi3＝CwMwi3(Two3-Twi3) (4.15)
For feeding water to the inlet of the evaporator, the law of conservation of momentum is used
Dwi3＝Dwo3+Dp (4.16)
For the inlet molten salt of the preheater, the heat calculation formula can be used for obtaining
Qi4＝CsMi4(Ti4-To4) (4.17)
For preheaters, the law of conservation of energy is derived
Qi4＝Qwi4+QLoss 4 (4.18)
The water is supplied to the inlet of the preheater and can be obtained by a heat calculation formula
Qwi4＝CwMwi4(Two4-Twi4) (4.19)。
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modifications made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention. While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims (1)

1. A heat exchanger model simulation and analysis method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1-1, Mass conservation equation
It is known that when a fluid flows along a pipe, the pipe wall has good sealing performance, and no fluid seeps in or out, and therefore, it is known from the law of mass conservation that when the flow rate of the fluid passing through the same cross section does not change with time, that is, when the fluid reaches a steady flow in an equilibrium state, the fluid passes through the cross section f of the pipe1And section f2Are exactly equal in mass flow of the fluid, i.e.
M＝ρ1w1f1＝ρ2w2f2＝const (3.1)
Provided that the pipe cross-section does not vary along the length of the pipe, there are
ρw＝const (3.2)；
S1-2, equation of conservation of momentum
From law of conservation of momentum
pf-(p+dp)f-τπDdl-ρgfdlsinθ＝Mdw＝ρwfdw (3.3)
Wherein p is pressure, Pa;
tau-Friction shear stress, N/m2；
f-area of internal cross-section of pipe, m2；
D-inner diameter of pipe, m;
s1-3, energy conservation equation
For a fluid with unit mass, the energy conservation equation can be expressed as follows from the first law of thermodynamics
Figure FDA0002691350510000011
In the formula (3.4), the left side of the equal sign is the sum of the heat absorbed by the fluid and the work done by the pressure intensity, and the right side of the equal sign respectively represents the mechanical work done by the fluid, the energy loss for overcoming friction and the increment of the self energy;
s2-1, basic evaporator equation
The evaporator has the same mathematical model with the superheater, the reheater and the preheater, and the difference is that the parameters of the working medium of the steam-water mixture are different;
Figure FDA0002691350510000012
where rho1The density of the liquid phase (water) is 1X 103kg/m3；
ρvThe density of the gas phase (water vapor),take 6X 10-1kg/m3；
ρHDensity of the two-phase mixture, kg/m3；
S2-2, Mass conservation equation
Under the equilibrium state, according to the operation rule of the evaporator, the mass conservation law can be obtained
Figure FDA0002691350510000021
S2-3, equation of conservation of momentum
Figure FDA0002691350510000022
In the formula (3.7), the pressure drops on the right side of the equal sign are respectively generated by the resistance of the fluid in the flowing process, the gravity of the fluid and the overcoming of inertia;
s2-4, energy conservation equation
For an evaporator, when the fluid does not do work externally (dL is 0), the total energy conservation equation is
Figure FDA0002691350510000023
Wherein
Figure FDA0002691350510000024
Where v' -specific volume of the two-phase mixture, m3/kg；
S3-1, obtaining fused salt at the inlet of the heat exchange network according to the law of mass conservation
Msi＝Mi1+Mi2 (4.1)
For the inlet molten salt of the heat exchange network, the law of energy conservation can be obtained
MsiTsi＝Mi1Ti1+Mi2Ti2 (4.2)
For the fused salt at the inlet of the superheater, the law of momentum conservation can be used for obtaining
Di1＝Dsi×λ1+Dt1 (4.3)
For molten salt at the inlet of the reheater, the law of momentum conservation can be used for obtaining
Di2＝Dsi×λ2+Dt2 (4.4)
For the inlet molten salt of the heat exchange network, the law of energy conservation can be obtained
Qsi＝Qi1+Qi2 (4.5)
For the fused salt at the inlet of the superheater, the fused salt can be obtained by a heat calculation formula
Qi1＝CsMi1(Ti1-To1) (4.6)
For molten salt at the inlet of the reheater, the heat calculation formula can be used for obtaining the molten salt
Qi2＝CsMi2(Ti2-To2) (4.7)
For superheaters, the law of conservation of energy is used
Qi1＝Qwi1+Q1 is decreased (4.8)
For reheaters, the law of conservation of energy is derived
Qi2＝Qwi2+Q2 loss of (4.9)
For feeding water to the inlet of the superheater, a heat calculation formula can be obtained
Qwi1＝CwMwi1(Two1-Twi1) (4.10)
Feeding water to the inlet of the reheater, which is obtained by a heat calculation formula
Qwi2＝CwMwi2(Two2-Twi2) (4.11)
For the fused salt at the inlet of the evaporator, the heat calculation formula can be used for obtaining the fused salt
Qi3＝CsMi3(Ti3-To3) (4.12)
For the evaporator, the law of conservation of energy is obtained
Qi3＝Qwi3+QLoss 3 (4.13)
For the evaporator, the law of conservation of energy can be obtained
Qi3＝Qso+Qi4 (4.14)
For feeding water to the inlet of the evaporator, the mass conservation law
Qwi3＝CwMwi3(Two3-Twi3) (4.15)
For feeding water to the inlet of the evaporator, the law of conservation of momentum is used
Dwi3＝Dwo3+Dp (4.16)
For the inlet molten salt of the preheater, the heat calculation formula can be used for obtaining
Qi4＝CsMi4(Ti4-To4) (4.17)
For preheaters, the law of conservation of energy is derived
Qi4＝Qwi4+QLoss 4 (4.18)
The water is supplied to the inlet of the preheater and can be obtained by a heat calculation formula
Qwi4＝CwMwi4(Two4-Twi4) (4.19)。
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN108509752A (en) * 2018-05-02 2018-09-07 东南大学 A kind of superheater mechanism model dynamic parameter setting method of combination field data
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JP2005147422A (en) * 2003-11-11 2005-06-09 Fujitsu General Ltd Simulator for heat exchanger, simulation method and simulation program
CN108509752A (en) * 2018-05-02 2018-09-07 东南大学 A kind of superheater mechanism model dynamic parameter setting method of combination field data
CN109145425A (en) * 2018-08-10 2019-01-04 清华大学 A kind of construction method and device of therrmodynamic system physical model

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