CN112180572A - Refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermal optical lens - Google Patents
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (fluoren-9-ylideneamino) n-naphthalen-1-ylcarbamate Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C1=NOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000009310 astigmatism Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;zinc Chemical compound [Se]=[Zn] SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003331 infrared imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/14—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation
Abstract
The invention provides a refrigeration type medium-wave infrared athermal optical lens, which solves the problems of large size, heavy mass and low reliability of the athermal design of the existing optical system; or the problems of relatively complex structure, small field of view and poor imaging quality. The lens comprises a lens barrel and a medium wave infrared optical system arranged in the lens barrel, wherein the medium wave infrared optical system comprises a first lens, a second lens, a third lens and a fourth lens which are coaxially arranged in sequence from an object plane to an image plane; the material of the lens cone is aluminum; the first lens is a meniscus silicon lens with positive focal power bending to the image space; the second lens is a negative focal power biconcave germanium lens; the third lens is a meniscus silicon lens with positive focal power bending to the object space; the fourth lens is a positive focal power biconvex zinc selenide lens; defining a light incident surface of the lens as a front surface and a light emergent surface as a rear surface; the front surface of the second lens, the back surface of the second lens and the front surface of the fourth lens are all high-order aspheric surfaces.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a medium wave infrared optical lens, in particular to a refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermal optical lens.
Background
The infrared imaging technology has played irreplaceable role in the fields of aerospace, security search and rescue, industrial production and the like, and the development direction is strong in environmental adaptability and compact in structure. Because the refractive index temperature coefficient of the infrared optical material is large, the change of the environmental temperature can cause the change of the focal length, the image surface position and the aberration of the infrared optical system, so that the imaging quality is reduced. In order to work in a wide temperature change environment and obtain better imaging quality, the research and design of the athermal difference are necessary. The optical system athermal design is that when the optical system is optimally designed, thermal aberration caused by temperature is eliminated together with geometric aberration, so that the optical system can well image in a large temperature change range. At present, the methods for eliminating the thermal difference mainly comprise an electromechanical active method, a mechanical passive method and an optical passive method.
In the electromechanical active mode, the temperature change of the environment is automatically detected through the heat sensor, the image plane displacement caused by the temperature change is calculated in real time through the processor, and the motor is controlled to drive the lens to generate axial displacement. The method adopts the thermal sensor, can process the gradient change of the system temperature, and accurately solves the relation between the temperature and the image plane displacement. However, this approach requires a power supply, control circuitry, and an actuator mechanism, which increases the size and mass of the system and also results in reduced reliability of the system.
The mechanical passive type, mainly by selecting materials or memory alloys sensitive to temperature variations, compensates the image plane displacement caused by temperature variations by generating an axial displacement of the lens, which has the disadvantages of general reliability and heavy system weight.
The optical passive method for eliminating the thermal difference has become a preferred method for eliminating the thermal difference of an optical system due to the characteristics of small mass, no power consumption, high reliability and the like, and the thermal difference is eliminated by matching the thermal performance of the lens and the lens structural part. The existing optical passive type athermalization method is mainly used in a long-wave infrared optical system or a non-refrigeration type medium-wave infrared optical system, so that the optical system has a relatively complex structure, a small view field and poor imaging quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The optical system aims to solve the problems of large volume, heavy mass and low reliability of the existing heat dissipation difference design of the optical system; or the technical problems of relatively complex structure, small field of view, multiple material types, high manufacturing cost and poor imaging quality are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermal optical lens is characterized in that: the medium wave infrared optical system comprises a first lens, a second lens, a third lens and a fourth lens which are coaxially arranged in sequence from an object plane to an image plane;
the lens barrel is made of aluminum;
the first lens is a meniscus silicon lens with positive focal power bending to the image space;
the second lens is a negative focal power biconcave germanium lens;
the third lens is a meniscus silicon lens with positive focal power bending to the object space;
the fourth lens is a positive focal power biconvex zinc selenide lens;
defining a light incident surface of the lens as a front surface and a light emergent surface as a rear surface; the front surface of the second lens, the back surface of the second lens and the front surface of the fourth lens are all high-order aspheric surfaces.
Further, the thickness of the first lens is 6.5mm, the front surface of the first lens is a spherical surface, and the curvature radius is 40.71; the rear surface is spherical, and the curvature radius is 71.16;
the second lens has a thickness of 3.56mm, a radius of curvature of the front surface of-98.21, and an aspherical surface coefficient of-5.235742 e-6，B＝-9.566504e-8，C＝4.587746e-10(ii) a The radius of curvature of the posterior surface is 107.59Spherical coefficient of-4.531948 e-6，B＝-1.273416e-7，C＝6.346564e-10；
The thickness of the third lens is 6.04mm, the front surface of the third lens is a spherical surface, and the curvature radius of the third lens is-29.14; the rear surface is spherical, and the curvature radius is-31.77;
the fourth lens has a thickness of 4.75mm, a front surface curvature radius of 112.21, and an aspherical surface coefficient of-1.551753 e-6，B＝-1.546691e-8，C＝6.662688e-11(ii) a The posterior surface is spherical with a radius of curvature of-58.58.
Further, the distance between the first lens rear surface to the second lens front surface is 7.74 mm;
the distance from the back surface of the second lens to the front surface of the third lens is 4.46mm
The distance between the third lens back surface and the fourth lens front surface is 0.51 mm.
Further, the maximum aperture phi of the medium-wave infrared optical system is 41 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the wave infrared optical system takes a classic Cooke type structure as a design prototype, adopts a primary imaging system, directly images an infinite target on a target surface of a detector through the medium wave infrared optical system, and has the advantages of simple and compact structure, high transmittance and good imaging quality. In order to eliminate the influence of temperature and keep the stability of the image surface position and the image quality, the wave infrared optical system adopts an optical passive athermalization technology, and achieves the purposes of athermalization and achromatization by mutually matching three optical materials of Ge, Si and ZnSe and an aluminum structural material, so that the imaging quality of the optical lens is always kept at a good level within the temperature range of the working environment.
2. Compared with a secondary imaging system, the primary imaging system is adopted in the wave infrared optical system, and the system has the advantages of simple structure, short cylinder length, small number of optical parts and the like, and relatively few links needing adjustment and control in processing and assembly, so that high imaging quality is ensured more easily.
3. The wave infrared optical system adopts a transmission type primary imaging system and adopts an optical passive athermal technology, so that the system has a simple structure, a large view field, no central blocking, easy assembly and adjustment, easy guarantee of high imaging quality and contribution to improvement of the working distance.
4. The full-field distortion of the optical lens is less than 0.8%, the imaging quality of the medium-wave infrared optical system is basically unchanged when the working environment temperature is changed at minus 40-50 ℃, and the system does not need to be focused.
5. The wave infrared optical system has the advantages of 40mm focal length, 1/2 relative aperture, 28.74 visual angle, 3-5 μm spectral range and-40-50 ℃ working environment temperature range, simple structure, high transmittance, good imaging quality and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a medium wave infrared optical system of a refrigeration-type medium wave infrared athermal optical lens of the present invention (a lens barrel is not shown);
FIG. 2 is a light path diagram of a medium wave infrared optical system of the refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermal optical lens of the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a graph of MTF for a medium wave infrared optical system at 20 ℃ at a spatial frequency of 20 lp/mm;
FIG. 3b is a graph of MTF for a medium wave infrared optical system at-40 ℃ with a spatial frequency of 20 lp/mm;
FIG. 3c is a graph of MTF at +50 ℃ for a medium wave infrared optical system with a spatial frequency of 20 lp/mm;
FIG. 4a is a graph of the energy of a surrounding circle of a medium wave infrared optical system at 20 ℃;
FIG. 4b is a graph of the energy of the encircled circles of a medium wave infrared optical system at-40 ℃;
FIG. 4c is a graph of the energy of the encircled circles of a medium wave infrared optical system at +50 ℃;
FIG. 5a is a graph of spherical aberration, field curvature and distortion for a medium wave infrared optical system at 20 ℃;
FIG. 5b is a graph of spherical aberration, field curvature and distortion for a medium wave infrared optical system at-40 deg.C;
FIG. 5c is a graph of spherical aberration, field curvature and distortion for a medium wave infrared optical system at +50 ℃;
wherein the reference numbers are as follows:
1-first lens, 2-second lens, 3-third lens, 4-fourth lens, 51-detector window, 52-detector target surface, 53-detector cold screen.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermalization optical lens includes a lens barrel and a medium wave infrared optical system arranged in the lens barrel, wherein the athermalization design of the optical system means that thermal aberration caused by temperature and geometric aberration are eliminated together when the optical system is optimally designed, so that the optical system can well image in a large temperature variation range. According to the invention, the wave infrared optical system adopts an optical passive athermal difference elimination technology, and thermal defocusing amount of each influencing factor is mutually compensated by matching an optical material normalization thermal difference coefficient and a thermal expansion coefficient of an optical mechanical structural member material, so that the imaging quality of the medium wave infrared optical system is always kept at a good level within a working environment temperature range.
The medium wave infrared optical system consists of 4 lenses and comprises a first lens 1, a second lens 2, a third lens 3 and a fourth lens 4 which are coaxially arranged from an object plane to an image plane in sequence, wherein the first lens 1 is a meniscus silicon lens with positive focal power bent to the image plane, the second lens 2 is a negative focal power biconcave germanium lens, the third lens 3 is a meniscus silicon lens with positive focal power bent to the object plane, and the fourth lens 4 is a positive focal power biconvex zinc selenide lens. The front surface and the rear surface of the second lens 2 are high-order aspheric surfaces, and the front surface of the fourth lens 4 is a high-order aspheric surface.
The medium wave infrared optical system in the embodiment selects the primary imaging system, and compared with the secondary imaging system, the primary imaging system has the advantages of simple structure, short cylinder length, small number of optical parts and the like, and links needing to be adjusted and controlled during processing and assembly are relatively few, so that the high imaging quality is ensured more easily. The optical system of the embodiment takes a classic cooke type structure as a design prototype, adopts three materials of Ge, Si and ZnSe to cooperate for heat difference elimination design, and simultaneously adopts a lens cone material of aluminum.
For the refrigeration type medium wave infrared optical system, because a cold screen is arranged in the detector, the matching problem of the exit pupil and the cold screen must be considered in the medium wave infrared optical system, and the aperture diaphragm is directly placed at the position of the cold screen 53 of the detector in the embodiment, so that the problem is solved.
The parameters of each lens in the medium wave infrared optical system of the present embodiment are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 specific parameters of each lens in a medium wave infrared optical system
In the table: unit: mm and the distance from the fourth lens 4 to the detector window 51 is 5 mm.
The medium wave infrared optical system in the embodiment comprises three high-order aspheric surfaces, the total length of the medium wave infrared optical system is 67.26mm (from the first surface of the medium wave infrared optical system to the target surface 52 of the detector), and the maximum caliber phi is 41 mm; the focal length is 40mm, the relative aperture is 1/2, the field angle is 28.74 degrees, the spectral range is 3-5 μm, the working environment temperature range is-40-50 ℃, the medium wave infrared optical system is suitable for a refrigeration type medium wave infrared thermal imager with the resolution of 640 x 512, the pixel size of 25 μm x 25 μm and the cold screen distance of 25.7mm, and the cold screen efficiency is 100%.
FIGS. 3a, 3b, and 3c are graphs of MTF at 20lp/mm spatial frequency and 20 ℃, -40 ℃, and +50 ℃ for the mid-wave infrared optical system, respectively. The optical transfer function curve can comprehensively describe the imaging quality of the system and is the most important index for measuring the imaging quality of the system. According to the selected detector pixel size (25 mu m multiplied by 25 mu m), the resolution of the camera is 20lp/mm, so the evaluation is carried out according to the spatial frequency of 20lp/mm during design. At the spatial frequency of 20lp/mm and the temperature of 20 ℃, the transfer function of an on-axis field of view is more than 0.75, the meridional transfer function of an off-axis 0.7 field of view is more than 0.72, and the sagittal transfer function of an off-axis 0.7 field of view is more than 0.65; at a temperature of-40 ℃, the transfer function of an on-axis field of view is greater than 0.61, the meridional transfer function of an off-axis 0.7 field of view is greater than 0.67, and the sagittal transfer function of an off-axis 0.7 field of view is greater than 0.77; at a temperature of +50 ℃, the on-axis field transfer function is greater than 0.77, the meridional transfer function of the off-axis 0.7 field is greater than 0.71, and the sagittal transfer function of the off-axis 0.7 field is greater than 0.59. The transfer functions of the system in the range of-40 ℃ to +50 ℃ of the ambient temperature are close to the diffraction limit, the imaging quality of the system is good, and the actual use requirements are completely met.
FIGS. 4a, 4b, and 4c are graphs of the energy of the surrounding circle of the medium-wave infrared optical system at 20 deg.C, -40 deg.C, and +50 deg.C, respectively. The energy curve of the enclosing circle can reflect the convergence degree of the energy of each field of view. At a temperature of 20 ℃, about 80% of energy of an on-axis field of view is concentrated in 1 pixel of the detector; at-40 ℃, about 70% of the energy of the on-axis field of view is concentrated in 1 pixel of the detector; at +50 deg.C, about 85% of the energy of the on-axis field of view is concentrated in 1 pixel of the detector. The energy concentration ratio of the medium wave infrared optical system is better.
FIGS. 5a, 5b, and 5c are graphs of spherical aberration, field curvature, and distortion at 20 deg.C, -40 deg.C, and +50 deg.C, respectively, for a medium-wave infrared optical system. For an object point on one axis, there are only two aberrations, spherical aberration and axial chromatic aberration, which are usually plotted on a aberration graph with the ordinate representing the beam aperture and the abscissa representing the spherical aberration and the axial chromatic aberration. To show the imaging sharpness of off-axis object points, it is generally shown by an astigmatism curve. In the curve, t and s represent the tangential and sagittal field curves, respectively, and the difference between the positions of t and s is the astigmatism. At 20 deg.C, the distortion of 0.7 visual field is-0.34%, and the distortion of full visual field is-0.71%; at-40 deg.C, the distortion of 0.7 visual field is-0.35%, and the distortion of full visual field is-0.74%; at +50 deg.C, the distortion of 0.7 visual field is-0.34%, and the distortion of full visual field is-0.70%. The system has good imaging quality and meets the actual use requirement.
Therefore, the transmission type primary imaging system is selected for the medium wave infrared optical system in the embodiment, the optical passive heat difference elimination technology is adopted, the system is simple in structure, large in view field, free of central blocking, easy to install and adjust, high in imaging quality and beneficial to improvement of the working distance. The imaging quality of the medium wave infrared optical system is comprehensively evaluated from the aspects of imaging definition, energy concentration, imaging distortion and the like, the transfer function MTF of the medium wave infrared optical system is close to the diffraction limit, 85% of energy of the on-axis field of view is concentrated in 2 pixels of a detector, the distortion of the full field of view is less than 0.8%, when the temperature of a working environment changes at minus 40-50 ℃, the imaging quality of the medium wave infrared optical system basically does not change, and the system does not need to be focused.
The above description is only for the purpose of describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention and does not limit the technical solutions of the present invention, and any known modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the main technical concepts of the present invention fall within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A refrigeration type medium wave infrared athermal optical lens is characterized in that: the medium wave infrared optical system comprises a lens barrel and a medium wave infrared optical system arranged in the lens barrel, wherein the medium wave infrared optical system comprises a first lens (1), a second lens (2), a third lens (3) and a fourth lens (4) which are coaxially arranged in sequence from an object plane to an image plane;
the lens barrel is made of aluminum;
the first lens (1) is a meniscus silicon lens with positive focal power bent to the image side;
the second lens (2) is a negative focal power biconcave germanium lens;
the third lens (3) is a meniscus silicon lens with positive focal power and bent towards the object space;
the fourth lens (4) is a biconvex zinc selenide lens with positive focal power;
defining a light incident surface of the lens as a front surface and a light emergent surface as a rear surface; the front surface of the second lens (2), the rear surface of the second lens (2) and the front surface of the fourth lens (4) are high-order aspheric surfaces.
2. The refrigeration-type medium-wave infrared athermal optical lens of claim 1, wherein:
the thickness of the first lens (1) is 6.5mm, the front surface of the first lens is a spherical surface, and the curvature radius is 40.71; the rear surface is spherical, and the curvature radius is 71.16;
the second lens (2) has a thickness of 3.56mm, a radius of curvature of the front surface of-98.21, and an aspherical surface coefficient of-5.235742 e-6，B＝-9.566504e-8，C＝4.587746e-10(ii) a The rear surface has a radius of curvature of 107.59 and an aspheric coefficient of-4.531948 e-6，B＝-1.273416e-7，C＝6.346564e-10；
The thickness of the third lens (3) is 6.04mm, the front surface of the third lens is a spherical surface, and the curvature radius is-29.14; the rear surface is spherical, and the curvature radius is-31.77;
the fourth lens (4) has a thickness of 4.75mm, a front surface curvature radius of 112.21, and an aspherical surface coefficient of-1.551753 e-6，B＝-1.546691e-8，C＝6.662688e-11(ii) a The posterior surface is spherical with a radius of curvature of-58.58.
3. The refrigeration-type medium-wave infrared athermal optical lens of claim 2, wherein:
the distance between the back surface of the first lens (1) and the front surface of the second lens (2) is 7.74 mm;
the distance between the back surface of the second lens (2) and the front surface of the third lens (3) is 4.46mm
The distance between the back surface of the third lens (3) and the front surface of the fourth lens (4) is 0.51 mm.
4. The refrigeration-type medium-wave infrared athermal optical lens of claim 3, wherein: the maximum aperture phi of the medium-wave infrared optical system is 41 mm.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112946866A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-11 | 昆明云锗高新技术有限公司 | Low-distortion large-relative-aperture refrigeration type athermalization infrared wide-angle optical system |
| CN113448063A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-09-28 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Large-view-field large-relative-aperture medium-wave infrared lens |
| CN113899450A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-01-07 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Medium wave infrared spectrometer capable of eliminating heat difference |
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