CN112180513A - Reconfigurable optical filter based on micro-ring array - Google Patents
Reconfigurable optical filter based on micro-ring array Download PDFInfo
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- CN112180513A CN112180513A CN202011059596.4A CN202011059596A CN112180513A CN 112180513 A CN112180513 A CN 112180513A CN 202011059596 A CN202011059596 A CN 202011059596A CN 112180513 A CN112180513 A CN 112180513A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29331—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by evanescent wave coupling
- G02B6/29335—Evanescent coupling to a resonator cavity, i.e. between a waveguide mode and a resonant mode of the cavity
- G02B6/29338—Loop resonators
- G02B6/29343—Cascade of loop resonators
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reconfigurable optical filter based on a micro-ring array, belonging to the technical field of optical fiber communication and integrated photonics, wherein the filter comprises a first bus waveguide, a second bus waveguide and a plurality of micro-rings; a first bus waveguide and a second bus waveguide connect the plurality of micro-rings in parallel; the plurality of microrings are arranged at equal intervals between the first bus waveguide and the second bus waveguide; a coupling area is arranged between the micro-ring and the first bus waveguide; a coupling area is arranged between the micro-ring and the second bus waveguide; a coupling area is arranged between the adjacent micro-rings; each coupling area is provided with a reconfigurable optical coupler, and the switching state of the reconfigurable optical coupler can be independently regulated and controlled. The invention introduces the optical coupler structure with reconfigurable switch state in the coupling area of the micro-ring array, can independently control whether each coupling area has coupling effect, and can realize various topological architectures in the one-dimensional micro-ring array by designing and combining the switch state of each coupling area, thereby realizing the diversity of the filtering function.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber communication and integrated photonics, and particularly relates to a reconfigurable optical filter based on a micro-ring array.
Background
Optical communication is one of the most important ways for modern information and transmission, and is moving towards ultra-high speed, large capacity, large broadband, long distance and low cost. The optical filter plays an important role in fully utilizing wavelength resources of an optical network and protecting the maximum smoothness of a channel in a network system, and is an important device in all-optical signal processing and wavelength division multiplexing systems. The micro-ring filter is one of optical filters. The filter based on the passive micro-ring, such as a silicon micro-ring and a silicon nitride micro-ring, processes the optical signal by utilizing the amplitude response and the phase response characteristics of the micro-ring to realize the filtering function; good center frequency tuning can be achieved by utilizing thermo-optic effect, plasma dispersion effect and the like, and good tunable characteristics are achieved by using various structures. Furthermore, due to the inherent integratability advantages of microrings, they are widely used in the manufacture of integrated optical filters.
However, most of the presently proposed micro-ring filters are based on only one topology architecture such as a pass-through multi-ring cascade, an upload and download multi-ring cascade, a dual-ring cascade, etc., so that the center wavelength and the bandwidth can be tunable only on one or two specific filtering functions. There is also a reconfigurable scheme for cascading a combined structure of a micro-ring and an MZI, but the scheme only tunes the number of rings participating in filtering of the upper and lower arms of the MZI and the number of cascaded MZIs, and cannot realize common topological architectures including an upload and download multi-ring cascade, a multi-ring series, a dual-ring cascade, and the like, and switching between the topologies and the topologies. In summary, no reconfigurable scheme capable of integrating multiple common micro-ring array topologies into one device has been proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a reconfigurable filter based on a micro-ring array, aiming at introducing an optical coupler structure with a reconfigurable switch state into a coupling area of the micro-ring array, and independently controlling whether each coupling area has a coupling effect or not, so as to design and combine the switch states of each coupling area, thereby solving the technical problem that the filter based on the micro-ring structure has a single filtering function.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reconfigurable optical filter based on a micro-ring array, including: a first bus waveguide, a second bus waveguide, and a plurality of microrings;
the first bus waveguide and the second bus waveguide connect the plurality of micro-rings in parallel;
the plurality of microrings are arranged equidistant between the first bus waveguide and the second bus waveguide;
a coupling area is arranged between the micro-ring and the first bus waveguide; a coupling area is arranged between the micro-ring and the second bus waveguide; a coupling area is arranged between the adjacent micro-rings;
each coupling area is provided with a reconfigurable optical coupler, and the switching state of the reconfigurable optical coupler can be independently regulated and controlled;
the reconfigurable optical coupler is used for controlling the switch of the coupling state of the corresponding coupling area so as to enable the coupling action between the adjacent microrings, between the microrings and the first bus waveguide and between the microrings and the second bus waveguide to occur or not, thereby enabling the optical filter to have different filtering functions.
Preferably, the reconfigurable optical coupler is a 2 x 2 structure with symmetry; that is, the optical signal input from any one port can exhibit the same coupling characteristic to adapt to the situation that the optical transmission direction through the coupling area may change when the state of the filter is switched. The reconfigurable characteristic of the introduced reconfigurable optical coupler structure can be based on a thermo-optic effect and an electro-optic effect, and can also be realized by introducing a metal oxide semiconductor including indium tin oxide or a refractive index adjustable plasma material such as graphene or a phase change material including GTS.
Preferably, the plurality of microrings are the same size.
Preferably, the microring radius R satisfies: r is more than or equal to 2 mu m and less than or equal to 300 mu m. The radius is too small, and the bending loss is large; the radius is too large, the wavelength interval between resonance peaks is small, and when the optical filter is used as an optical filter, a plurality of wavelengths can be filtered out and are not easy to distinguish.
Preferably, the first bus waveguide and the second bus waveguide are the same size.
Preferably, the first bus waveguide, the second bus waveguide and the micro-ring waveguide are all strip waveguide structures or ridge waveguide structures.
Preferably, the first bus waveguide, the second bus waveguide and the microring waveguide are all silicon devices.
Preferably, the widths W of the first bus waveguide, the second bus waveguide and the micro-ring waveguide satisfy 450nm ≦ W ≦ 600 nm; when the waveguide width is too narrow, the transmission loss is large, and when the waveguide width is too wide, multi-mode transmission exists in the waveguide, so that a plurality of resonance peaks exist, and the required transmission rate of the resonance peak of the fundamental mode is reduced;
the height h of the first bus waveguide, the second bus waveguide and the micro-ring waveguide meets the condition that h is more than or equal to 150nm and less than or equal to 300nm, so that only fundamental mode transmission is ensured in the waveguide.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention can independently control whether each coupling region has a coupling effect or not by introducing the optical coupler structure with a reconfigurable switch state into the coupling region of the micro-ring array, and can realize various topological architectures including straight-through multi-ring cascade, upload and download multi-ring cascade, double-ring cascade and the like in the one-dimensional micro-ring array by designing and combining the switch states of each coupling region, thereby realizing the random switching of various common multi-ring topological architectures in a filter structure and realizing the diversity of filtering functions. Meanwhile, a phase modulation structure can be arranged on the ring cavity waveguide or the bus waveguide outside the coupling region, the tunable performance of the central wavelength and the bandwidth of each state can be further realized on the reconfigurable basis, and the dynamic flexibility of the device is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reconfigurable optical filter based on a micro-ring array provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a four-ring reconfigurable optical filter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an equivalent structure diagram of a straight-through multi-ring cascade topology and a schematic diagram of the switch states of each coupling region in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an equivalent structure diagram of an upload-download multi-ring cascade topology and a schematic diagram of the switch states of each coupling area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an equivalent structure diagram of a multi-ring series topology and a schematic diagram of the switch states of each coupling region according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an equivalent structure diagram of a topology structure of a double ring cascade and a schematic diagram of a switch state of each coupling area in an embodiment of the present invention.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein: 1 is a first bus waveguide; and 2 is a second bus waveguide.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides a reconfigurable optical filter based on a micro-ring array, including: a first bus waveguide, a second bus waveguide, and a plurality of microrings; the first bus waveguide and the second bus waveguide connect the plurality of micro-rings in parallel; the plurality of microrings are arranged equidistant between the first bus waveguide and the second bus waveguide; a coupling area is arranged between the micro-ring and the first bus waveguide; a coupling area is arranged between the micro-ring and the second bus waveguide; a coupling area is arranged between the adjacent micro-rings; each coupling area is provided with a reconfigurable optical coupler, and the switching state of the reconfigurable optical coupler can be independently regulated and controlled; the reconfigurable optical coupler is used for controlling the switch of the coupling state of the corresponding coupling area so as to enable the coupling action between the adjacent microrings, between the microrings and the first bus waveguide and between the microrings and the second bus waveguide to occur or not, thereby enabling the optical filter to have different filtering functions.
Specifically, the reconfigurable optical coupler is a 2 x 2 structure with symmetry; that is, the optical signal input from any one port can exhibit the same coupling characteristic to adapt to the situation that the optical transmission direction through the coupling area may change when the state of the filter is switched. The reconfigurable characteristic of the introduced reconfigurable optical coupler structure can be based on a thermo-optic effect and an electro-optic effect, and can also be realized by introducing a metal oxide semiconductor including indium tin oxide or a refractive index adjustable plasma material such as graphene or a phase change material including GTS.
Specifically, the plurality of micro-rings are the same size.
Specifically, the radius R of the microring satisfies: r is more than or equal to 2 mu m and less than or equal to 300 mu m. The radius is too small, and the bending loss is large; the radius is too large, the wavelength interval between resonance peaks is small, and when the optical filter is used as an optical filter, a plurality of wavelengths can be filtered out and are not easy to distinguish.
Specifically, the first bus waveguide and the second bus waveguide are the same size.
Optionally, the first bus waveguide, the second bus waveguide, and the micro-ring waveguide are all a strip waveguide structure or a ridge waveguide structure.
Specifically, the first bus waveguide, the second bus waveguide, and the microring waveguide are all silicon devices.
Specifically, the widths W of the first bus waveguide, the second bus waveguide and the micro-ring waveguide satisfy that W is more than or equal to 450nm and less than or equal to 600 nm; when the waveguide width is too narrow, the transmission loss is large, and when the waveguide width is too wide, multi-mode transmission exists in the waveguide, so that a plurality of resonance peaks exist, and the required transmission rate of the resonance peak of the fundamental mode is reduced;
the height h of the first bus waveguide, the second bus waveguide and the micro-ring waveguide meets the condition that h is more than or equal to 150nm and less than or equal to 300nm, so that only fundamental mode transmission is ensured in the waveguide.
The invention provides a reconfigurable optical filter based on a micro-ring array, aiming at solving the problem of single filtering function of a filter based on a micro-ring structure, and obtaining the reconfigurable filter capable of realizing common topological architectures including straight-through multi-ring cascade, uploading and downloading multi-ring cascade, double-ring cascade and the like, thereby realizing multiple filtering functions in one device and meeting the flexible reconfigurable requirements of increasingly developed communication systems.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reconfigurable optical filter based on a micro-ring array provided by the invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a reconfigurable optical filter based on a micro-ring array, which comprises N (N is more than or equal to 2) micro-rings with the same size arranged between a first bus waveguide 1 and a second bus waveguide 2, wherein the first bus waveguide 1 and the second bus waveguide 2 are used for connecting the N micro-rings in parallel.
In a further aspect, coupling regions are present between the first bus waveguide and the second bus waveguide and all of the micro-rings, and coupling regions are also present between adjacent micro-rings.
Further, the reconfigurable optical coupler structures are respectively arranged in all the coupling areas, the switch states of the reconfigurable optical coupler structures can be independently regulated, and whether the coupling effect occurs in the corresponding coupling area is determined by controlling the switches of the working states of the reconfigurable optical coupler structures.
Specifically, the working state of the reconfigurable optical coupler structure is that the corresponding coupling region is coupled when the reconfigurable optical coupler structure is opened, and the corresponding coupling region is not coupled when the reconfigurable optical coupler structure is closed.
The specific embodiment of the invention further describes that various topological architectures are respectively realized by combining the coupling states of the coupling areas by taking a four-ring reconfigurable optical filter as an example.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a four-ring reconfigurable optical filter provided by the invention. As shown in fig. 2, four microrings are equal in size and are arranged at equal intervals between the first bus waveguide and the second bus waveguide. The boxes between adjacent microrings, between microrings and bus waveguides in fig. 2 characterize the introduced reconfigurable optical coupler structure, which is a 2 x 2 four-port symmetric structure.
Fig. 3 to 6 are respectively an equivalent structure diagram of a topology framework proposed by the embodiment of the present invention and a schematic diagram of a switch state of each coupling region in a corresponding four-ring reconfigurable optical filter. It should be noted that the white boxes labeled "ON" in fig. 3-6 indicate that the coupling region is ON, and the gray boxes labeled "OFF" indicate that the coupling region is OFF.
Example one
Fig. 3 is an equivalent structure diagram of a straight-through multi-ring cascade topology and a schematic diagram of the switch states of each coupling region. As shown in fig. 3, the straight-through multi-ring cascade topology is characterized in that all micro-rings are coupled with only the same bus waveguide, and no coupling exists between the micro-rings, and the basic architecture is as shown in the upper diagram of fig. 3. The switching states of the coupling regions in the corresponding four-ring reconfigurable optical filter are shown in the lower diagram of fig. 3. It can be seen that when the working states of the coupling regions between the four micro-rings and the first bus waveguide and the coupling regions between the micro-rings are set to off, corresponding notch filtering characteristics can be obtained at the output end corresponding to the straight-through multi-ring cascade topology.
Example two
Fig. 4 is an equivalent structure diagram of the topology proposed by the present invention, which is an upload-download multi-ring cascade and a schematic diagram of the switch states of each coupling area. As shown in fig. 4, the upload and download type multi-ring cascade topology is characterized in that all micro-rings are coupled to the first bus waveguide and the second bus waveguide, but all micro-rings are not coupled to each other, and the basic architecture is as shown in the upper diagram of fig. 4. The switch states of the coupling areas in the corresponding four-ring reconfigurable optical filter are shown in the lower graph of fig. 4, and it can be seen that when the working state of the coupling area between four micro rings is set to off, the corresponding upload and download multi-ring cascade topology can be realized, the corresponding notch filter characteristics can be obtained at the through end, and the corresponding band-pass filter characteristics can be obtained at the download end.
EXAMPLE III
Fig. 5 is an equivalent structure diagram of the topology of multiple ring series connection and a schematic diagram of the switch states of each coupling region. As shown in fig. 5, the multi-ring series topology is characterized in that coupling occurs between adjacent micro-rings, and only the first micro-ring and the last micro-ring are coupled with the first bus waveguide and the second bus waveguide, respectively, and the rest of the micro-rings are not coupled with the bus waveguide. The basic architecture is shown in the upper diagram in fig. 5, and the switch states of the coupling regions in the corresponding four-ring reconfigurable optical filter are shown in the lower diagram in fig. 5, so that when the working states of the coupling regions between the first three micro-rings and the first bus waveguide and between the last three micro-rings and the second bus waveguide are set to be off, and the rest coupling regions are set to be on, the multi-ring series topology can be corresponded, and the corresponding band-pass filtering characteristics can be obtained at the downloading end.
Example four
Fig. 6 is an equivalent structure diagram of the topology structure of the double-ring cascade and a schematic diagram of the switch states of the coupling regions. As shown in fig. 6, the double ring cascade topology is characterized in that every two micro rings are in a group, the micro rings are connected in series in the group, and the micro rings are cascaded outside the group, and the basic architecture thereof is as shown in the upper diagram of fig. 6, and the switch states of the coupling regions in the corresponding four-ring reconfigurable optical filter are as shown in the lower diagram of fig. 6.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A micro-ring array based reconfigurable optical filter, comprising: a first bus waveguide, a second bus waveguide, and a plurality of microrings;
the first bus waveguide and the second bus waveguide connect the plurality of micro-rings in parallel;
the plurality of microrings are arranged equidistant between the first bus waveguide and the second bus waveguide;
a coupling area is arranged between the micro-ring and the first bus waveguide; a coupling area is arranged between the micro-ring and the second bus waveguide; a coupling area is arranged between the adjacent micro-rings;
each coupling area is provided with a reconfigurable optical coupler, and the switching state of the reconfigurable optical coupler can be independently regulated and controlled;
the reconfigurable optical coupler is used for controlling the switch of the coupling state of the corresponding coupling area so as to enable the coupling action between the adjacent microrings, between the microrings and the first bus waveguide and between the microrings and the second bus waveguide to occur or not, thereby enabling the optical filter to have different filtering functions.
2. The reconfigurable optical filter based on the micro-ring array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reconfigurable optical coupler is a 2 x 2 structure with symmetry; that is, the optical signal input from any one port can exhibit the same coupling characteristic to adapt to the situation that the optical transmission direction through the coupling area may change when the state of the filter is switched.
3. The reconfigurable optical filter based on the micro-ring array as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of micro-rings are the same size.
4. The reconfigurable optical filter based on the micro-ring array according to claim 3, wherein the radius R of the micro-ring satisfies the following condition: r is more than or equal to 2 mu m and less than or equal to 300 mu m.
5. The reconfigurable optical filter based on the microring array according to claim 1, wherein the first bus waveguide and the second bus waveguide are the same size.
6. The reconfigurable optical filter based on the micro-ring array as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first bus waveguide, the second bus waveguide and the micro-ring waveguide are all strip waveguide structures or ridge waveguide structures.
7. The reconfigurable optical filter based on the microring array of claim 6, wherein the first bus waveguide, the second bus waveguide and the microring waveguide are all silicon devices.
8. The reconfigurable optical filter based on the micro-ring array as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the widths W of the first bus waveguide, the second bus waveguide and the micro-ring waveguide satisfy 450nm ≦ W ≦ 600 nm;
the height h of the first bus waveguide, the second bus waveguide and the micro-ring waveguide satisfies that h is more than or equal to 150nm and less than or equal to 300 nm.
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| CN113267908A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-17 | 燕山大学 | Cascaded double-micro-ring resonant cavity filter based on diamond waveguide |
| CN113406749A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-09-17 | 华中科技大学 | Reconfigurable optical all-pass filter |
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