CN112180442A - Lithology inversion method and system based on CRP (common reflection point) gather - Google Patents
Lithology inversion method and system based on CRP (common reflection point) gather Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a lithology inversion method and a lithology inversion system based on a CRP (common reflection point) gather, wherein the lithology inversion method comprises the following steps: acquiring logging data; performing intersection analysis on a target layer by using a well logging lithology interpretation result, longitudinal wave impedance well logging data and transverse wave impedance well logging data, constructing a well logging lithology characteristic curve through coordinate rotation, and establishing a relational expression of the well logging lithology characteristic curve by taking longitudinal wave impedance and transverse wave impedance as variables; performing AVO attribute analysis on the CRP seismic gather to obtain longitudinal wave reflection data and transverse wave reflection data; substituting the longitudinal wave reflection data and the transverse wave reflection data into a relational expression to obtain lithology characteristic reflection data; and performing post-stack inversion processing according to the lithological characteristic reflection data and the well logging lithological characteristic curve to obtain lithological characteristic inversion data. The method and the system have high reliability of the inversion process and high accuracy of the inversion result, can accurately depict the space distribution of the favorable lithology of the stratum, and have important application value for improving the seismic description accuracy of the oil and gas reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum and gas seismic exploration, and particularly relates to a lithology inversion method and system based on a CRP gather.
Background
During the development of oil and gas exploration, seismic inversion techniques are typically utilized to provide a reliable data base for the same. Seismic inversion calculation can use seismic data to reversely deduce the impedance or velocity distribution of the subsurface waves, estimate reservoir parameters, and perform reservoir prediction and reservoir description.
At present, the reservoir lithology can be generally determined by adopting a wave impedance inversion method. For example: for prestack wave impedance inversion, reservoir lithology may be determined from amplitude versus angle (i.e., offset) variations in the work area. From the basic principle and the implementation process of pre-stack seismic inversion, the quality control links are more, the implementation process is complicated, and the description of the hydrocarbon reservoir parameters needs to be implemented by the subsequent interpretation of inversion data. From the application practice of a large number of conventional prestack seismic inversions, it can be found that there are several problems: firstly, the Zoeppritz equation describes a complex relationship between a plurality of elastic parameters and reflection coefficients, each elastic parameter model is repeatedly iteratively modified by the equation or an algebraic rewrite formula of the equation until the synthetic record gather is optimally matched with an actual seismic gather, the calculation amount is large, the convergence accuracy of the elastic parameter model is influenced by a plurality of factors such as pre-stack well seismic calibration, AVA wavelets, iteration times and the like, and the inversion accuracy is easily reduced; secondly, the set parameters of pre-stack inversion are more than those of post-stack inversion, and the inversion result quality difference of different technicians is easy to cause by artificial test and setting of the inversion parameters, so that the reliability of the pre-stack inversion result is reduced; thirdly, the conventional prestack seismic inversion acquires various elastic parameters of the stratum, the representation of the lithology, reservoir, fluid and other oil and gas reservoir parameters of the stratum needs to be quantitatively explained by combining an elastic parameter explanation template established by logging rock physical analysis, and the quantitative explanation process can cause direct error accumulation of geological results.
In view of the problems existing in the conventional prestack seismic inversion, a seismic inversion method with high reliability of the inversion process and high accuracy of the inversion result needs to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a lithology inversion method and a lithology inversion system based on a CRP (common reflection point), which are used for performing lithology direct inversion by using lithology characteristic reflection data constructed by a CRP (common reflection point) seismic gather, have high reliability in the inversion process, can obtain high-precision inversion results, and have very important significance for improving the precision of seismic description of an oil and gas reservoir.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a lithology inversion method based on a CRP gather, including:
acquiring logging data;
according to the logging data, carrying out intersection analysis on a target layer, constructing a logging lithology characteristic curve through coordinate rotation, and establishing a relational expression of the logging lithology characteristic curve by taking longitudinal wave impedance and transverse wave impedance as variables;
performing AVO attribute analysis on the CRP seismic gather to obtain longitudinal wave reflection data and transverse wave reflection data;
substituting the longitudinal wave reflection data and the transverse wave reflection data into a relational expression of the well logging lithology characteristic curve by taking longitudinal wave impedance and transverse wave impedance as variables to obtain lithology characteristic reflection data;
and performing post-stack inversion processing according to the lithology characteristic reflection data and the well logging lithology characteristic curve to obtain lithology characteristic inversion data.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further provides a lithology inversion system based on a CRP gather, including:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring logging data;
the characteristic curve construction module is used for carrying out intersection analysis on a target layer according to the logging data, constructing a logging lithology characteristic curve through coordinate rotation, and establishing a relational expression of the logging lithology characteristic curve by taking longitudinal wave impedance and transverse wave impedance as variables;
the AVO attribute analysis module is used for carrying out AVO attribute analysis on the CRP seismic gather to obtain longitudinal wave reflection data and transverse wave reflection data;
the calculation module is used for substituting the longitudinal wave reflection data and the transverse wave reflection data into a relational expression of the logging lithology characteristic curve by taking the longitudinal wave impedance and the transverse wave impedance as variables to obtain lithology characteristic reflection data;
and the post-stack inversion module is used for performing post-stack inversion processing according to the lithology characteristic reflection data and the well logging lithology characteristic curve to obtain lithology characteristic inversion data.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further provides a computer apparatus, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor executes the computer program to implement the foregoing lithology inversion method based on the CRP gather.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing the method for lithology inversion based on CRP gathers.
The lithology inversion method and the lithology inversion system based on the CRP gather, provided by the invention, have the advantages that key links in the inversion implementation process are improved and reorganized, the rapid and direct inversion of the lithology of the stratum can be realized, the calculation process is simplified compared with the traditional pre-stack seismic inversion technology, the human influence factors are reduced, the error accumulation is reduced, the reliability of the inversion process of the method and the system is high, the accuracy of the inversion result is high, the spatial distribution of the lithology of the stratum can be accurately described, and the lithology inversion method and the system have important application value in improving the seismic description accuracy of the oil and gas reservoir.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a lithology inversion method based on CRP gathers according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lithology inversion system based on CRP gathers according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a lithology inversion method based on CRP gathers according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
and S101, acquiring logging data including a logging lithology interpretation result, longitudinal wave impedance logging data and transverse wave impedance logging data.
And S102, performing intersection analysis on a target layer by using the well logging lithology interpretation result, the longitudinal wave impedance well logging data and the transverse wave impedance well logging data, constructing a well logging lithology characteristic curve through coordinate rotation, enabling the well logging lithology characteristic curve to have a clear lithology identification threshold value D so as to directly distinguish target lithology, and establishing a relational expression of the well logging lithology characteristic curve with longitudinal wave impedance and transverse wave impedance as variables.
In one embodiment, the specific process of intersection analysis and coordinate rotation is as follows:
in the intersection analysis, lithology is used as a color code, sandstone sample points and mudstone sample points are expressed in different colors, the aggregate area of the sandstone sample points and/or the mudstone sample points is analyzed in an intersection graph through color distribution, and coordinate rotation is carried out according to the inclination angle of the boundary line of the aggregate area to construct a well logging lithology characteristic curve.
Taking a sand shale stratum as an example, and setting the lithology to be identified as sandstone. The cross analysis of the logging longitudinal wave impedance and the transverse wave impedance takes lithology as a color code, sandstone sample points and mudstone sample points are expressed by different colors, a better aggregation area of the sandstone sample points is visible in a cross chart through the colors, coordinate rotation is carried out according to the inclination angle of the boundary line of the aggregation area, and a logging lithology characteristic curve is constructed, wherein the logging lithology characteristic curve is a function analytical formula taking the longitudinal wave impedance and the transverse wave impedance as variables, has a definite analytical expression, and has a definite sandstone identification threshold value D' so as to distinguish sandstone.
The analytical expression of the lithology logging characteristic curve is as follows:
Y＝a×Zp+b×Zs+c； (1)
wherein Y is the constructed lithology characteristic curve of the well logging; zp is the longitudinal wave impedance curve; zs is the transverse wave impedance curve; a. b and c are constant coefficients and are determined according to the rotation angle of the coordinate rotation.
Step S103, performing AVO attribute analysis on the CRP seismic gather to obtain longitudinal wave reflection data and transverse wave reflection data.
In this embodiment, AVO attribute analysis generally uses a binomial Fatti equation to calculate the longitudinal wave and transverse wave reflection data, and the obtained longitudinal wave and transverse wave reflection data both use the time scale of the original prestack seismic gather.
And step S104, respectively substituting the longitudinal wave reflection data and the transverse wave reflection data obtained through AVO attribute analysis in the step S103 into a longitudinal wave impedance curve Zp and a transverse wave impedance curve Zs in the formula (1), and calculating by using the analytical formula to obtain lithology characteristic reflection data.
And S105, performing well seismic calibration, wavelet extraction and post-stack inversion processing according to the lithologic characteristic reflection data and the well logging lithologic characteristic curve to obtain lithologic characteristic inversion data.
The basic data used for well seismic calibration, wavelet extraction and post-stack inversion are generally longitudinal wave impedance curves and longitudinal wave reflection data, but in this embodiment, the used data are well logging lithology characteristic curves and lithology characteristic reflection data, and lithology characteristic inversion data is obtained through a post-stack inversion process.
And S106, according to the lithology identification threshold value D, directly identifying and quantitatively interpreting lithology to be identified in the target layer by using lithology characteristic inversion data to obtain a lithology analysis result to be identified.
In a particular embodiment, a sandstone-shale formation is taken as an example, and the lithology to be identified is set to sandstone. The sandstone can be directly identified and quantitatively explained by using lithological characteristic inversion data according to the sandstone identification threshold value D', and the spatial carving, thickness calculation and the like of the sandstone are quickly realized.
In this embodiment, the post-stack inversion may use a corresponding post-stack inversion technique according to the accuracy and resolution requirements, the model-based iterative inversion technique or sparse pulse inversion technique may be used when the resolution requirement is low, and the post-stack geostatistical inversion technique may be used when the resolution requirement is high.
For the reason that the lithology of the stratum is identified is one of basic tasks of pre-stack seismic inversion, lithology inversion is carried out by using lithology characteristic reflection data constructed by the CRP seismic gather from a new angle, so that the lithology identification and quantitative interpretation are realized, and a lithology analysis result is obtained. The method can avoid the complex iteration of the Zoeppritz multivariate equation in the conventional prestack seismic inversion, reduce the artificial setting of inversion parameters to reduce the influence of human factors, realize the direct inversion of the lithology of the stratum and further improve the precision of geological results.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a lithology inversion system based on the CRP gather, which is shown in the figure 2 and comprises the following steps:
a data acquisition module 100 for acquiring logging data;
the characteristic curve construction module 200 is used for performing intersection analysis on a target layer by using a well logging lithology interpretation result, longitudinal wave impedance well logging data and transverse wave impedance well logging data according to well logging data, constructing a well logging lithology characteristic curve through coordinate rotation, enabling the well logging lithology characteristic curve to have a clear lithology identification threshold value D so as to directly distinguish target lithology, and establishing a relational expression of the well logging lithology characteristic curve with longitudinal wave impedance and transverse wave impedance as variables;
the AVO attribute analysis module 300 is used for carrying out AVO attribute analysis on the CRP seismic gather to obtain longitudinal wave reflection data and transverse wave reflection data;
the calculation module 400 is used for substituting the longitudinal wave reflection data and the transverse wave reflection data into a relational expression of a well logging lithology characteristic curve by taking the longitudinal wave impedance and the transverse wave impedance as variables to obtain lithology characteristic reflection data;
the post-stack inversion module 500 is used for performing post-stack inversion processing according to the lithology characteristic reflection data and the well logging lithology characteristic curve to obtain lithology characteristic inversion data;
and the lithology analysis module 600 is configured to perform direct identification and quantitative interpretation on the lithology to be identified in the target layer by using lithology feature inversion data according to the lithology identification threshold value D, so as to obtain a lithology analysis result to be identified.
The specific processes and algorithms related to the modules can refer to the description of the method part, and are not described herein again.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention further provides a computer device, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the lithology inversion method based on the CRP gather.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program for executing the CRP gather-based lithology inversion method.
The lithology inversion method and the lithology inversion system based on the CRP gather, provided by the invention, have the advantages that key links in the inversion implementation process are improved and reorganized, the rapid and direct inversion of the lithology of the stratum can be realized, the calculation process is simplified compared with the traditional pre-stack seismic inversion technology, the human influence factors are reduced, the error accumulation is reduced, the reliability of the inversion process of the method and the system is high, the accuracy of the inversion result is high, the spatial distribution of the lithology of the stratum can be accurately described, and the lithology inversion method and the system have important application value in improving the seismic description accuracy of the oil and gas reservoir.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A lithology inversion method based on CRP gathers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring logging data;
according to the logging data, carrying out intersection analysis on a target layer, constructing a logging lithology characteristic curve through coordinate rotation, and establishing a relational expression of the logging lithology characteristic curve by taking longitudinal wave impedance and transverse wave impedance as variables;
performing AVO attribute analysis on the CRP seismic gather to obtain longitudinal wave reflection data and transverse wave reflection data;
substituting the longitudinal wave reflection data and the transverse wave reflection data into a relational expression of the well logging lithology characteristic curve by taking longitudinal wave impedance and transverse wave impedance as variables to obtain lithology characteristic reflection data;
and performing post-stack inversion processing according to the lithology characteristic reflection data and the well logging lithology characteristic curve to obtain lithology characteristic inversion data.
2. The CRP gather-based lithology inversion method of claim 1, wherein the log lithology signature curve includes lithology identification thresholds for discriminating between target lithologies.
3. The method for lithology inversion based on CRP gathers of claim 2, further comprising:
and according to the lithology identification threshold value, utilizing the lithology characteristic inversion data to identify and quantitatively interpret the lithology to be identified of the target layer, and obtaining a lithology analysis result to be identified.
4. The method of CRP gather-based lithology inversion of claim 1, wherein the well log data comprises: well logging lithology interpretation results, longitudinal wave impedance well logging data and transverse wave impedance well logging data.
5. The CRP gather-based lithology inversion method of claim 4, wherein the cross-correlation analysis is performed on a target zone according to the logging data, a logging lithology characteristic curve is constructed through coordinate rotation, and a relation of the logging lithology characteristic curve with longitudinal wave impedance and transverse wave impedance as variables is established, and the relation comprises:
and performing intersection analysis on the target layer by using the well logging lithology interpretation result, the longitudinal wave impedance well logging data and the transverse wave impedance well logging data, constructing a well logging lithology characteristic curve through coordinate rotation, and establishing a relational expression of the well logging lithology characteristic curve by taking the longitudinal wave impedance and the transverse wave impedance as variables.
6. The CRP gather-based lithology inversion method of claim 5, wherein the cross-correlation analysis of the target zone is performed by using the well-logging lithology interpretation result, the longitudinal wave impedance well-logging data and the transverse wave impedance well-logging data, a well-logging lithology characteristic curve is constructed through coordinate rotation, and a relational expression of the well-logging lithology characteristic curve with the longitudinal wave impedance and the transverse wave impedance as variables is established, and the method comprises the following steps:
and performing intersection analysis by using the well logging lithology interpretation result, the longitudinal wave impedance well logging data and the transverse wave impedance well logging data, expressing the sandstone sample points and the mudstone sample points in different colors by using the lithology as a color code, analyzing an aggregation area of the sandstone sample points and/or the mudstone sample points in an intersection diagram through color distribution, and performing coordinate rotation according to an inclination angle of a boundary line of the aggregation area to construct a well logging lithology characteristic curve.
7. The CRP gather-based lithology inversion method of claim 1, wherein the well logging lithology characteristic curve has a relationship with a compressional wave impedance and a shear wave impedance as variables as follows:
Y＝a×Zp+b×Zs+c；
wherein Y is the constructed lithology characteristic curve of the well logging; zp is the longitudinal wave impedance curve; zs is the transverse wave impedance curve; a. b and c are constant coefficients and are determined according to the rotation angle of the coordinate rotation.
8. The method for lithology inversion based on CRP gathers according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of lithology characteristic inversion data by performing post-stack inversion processing according to the lithology characteristic reflection data and the well logging lithology characteristic curve comprises:
and performing well seismic calibration, wavelet extraction and post-stack inversion processing according to the lithological characteristic reflection data and the well logging lithological characteristic curve to obtain lithological characteristic inversion data.
9. A lithology inversion system based on CRP gathers, comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring logging data;
the characteristic curve construction module is used for carrying out intersection analysis on a target layer according to the logging data, constructing a logging lithology characteristic curve through coordinate rotation, and establishing a relational expression of the logging lithology characteristic curve by taking longitudinal wave impedance and transverse wave impedance as variables;
the AVO attribute analysis module is used for carrying out AVO attribute analysis on the CRP seismic gather to obtain longitudinal wave reflection data and transverse wave reflection data;
the calculation module is used for substituting the longitudinal wave reflection data and the transverse wave reflection data into a relational expression of the logging lithology characteristic curve by taking the longitudinal wave impedance and the transverse wave impedance as variables to obtain lithology characteristic reflection data;
and the post-stack inversion module is used for performing post-stack inversion processing according to the lithology characteristic reflection data and the well logging lithology characteristic curve to obtain lithology characteristic inversion data.
10. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 8 when executing the computer program.
11. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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