CN112180423A - Magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray detector with Compton inhibition function - Google Patents
Magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray detector with Compton inhibition function Download PDFInfo
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- CN112180423A CN112180423A CN201910601443.9A CN201910601443A CN112180423A CN 112180423 A CN112180423 A CN 112180423A CN 201910601443 A CN201910601443 A CN 201910601443A CN 112180423 A CN112180423 A CN 112180423A
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- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000746406 Leptomeria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/36—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry
- G01T1/362—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry with scintillation detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/202—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a crystal
- G01T1/2023—Selection of materials
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray detector with a Compton inhibition function, which comprises a main detector and a secondary detector, wherein the main detector and the secondary detector form a composite detector, and the Compton inhibition function during gamma ray measurement is realized through the composite detector formed by the main detector and the secondary detector and a gamma ray shielding collimation system. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method effectively solves the problem of Compton effect in the conventional magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray measurement, and is very suitable for the gamma ray measurement of the magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a magnetic confinement nuclear fusion nuclear measuring device, and particularly relates to a magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray detector with a Compton suppression function, which is particularly suitable for measuring a fusion product gamma ray energy spectrum of a Tokamak device.
Background
During the magnetic confinement nuclear fusion plasma discharge experiment, photonuclear reaction caused by nuclear fusion or high-energy escape electrons in the plasma will generate a large amount of gamma rays. By measuring these rays with a gamma ray detector, important information about the plasma can be obtained, for example: nuclides in the plasma, fast ion velocity distribution, energy of escaping electrons, and the like. Therefore, gamma ray measurement is one of the important diagnostic systems for magnetic confinement nuclear fusion experiments. Along with the continuous promotion of fusion experimental apparatus size and plasma parameter, the importance of gamma ray measurement is increasingly highlighted.
When measuring gamma rays, gamma rays have two main effects within the detector: photoelectric effect and compton effect. When the photoelectric effect occurs, the whole gamma photon is absorbed by the atom, all the energy of the gamma photon is transferred to one electron in the atom, and the electron is emitted out of the atom after acquiring the energy and becomes a photoelectron. All the energy of the radiation photons is deposited in the detector when the photoelectric effect occurs, thus forming a full energy peak. When the Compton effect occurs, the gamma photon elastically collides with the outer electrons of the atom to transfer part of the energy to the outer electrons, so that the electrons are ejected from the atom out of the constraint of the atomic nucleus to become Compton electrons, and only part of the energy of the gamma photon is deposited in the detector, thereby forming a continuous Compton plateau. In the gamma spectrum measurement, only the full energy peak can provide the true information of the gamma ray, and the compton plateau caused by the compton effect disturbs and distorts the measurement result, even leads to the complete distortion of the measurement result. Therefore, the inhibition of the Compton effect is a key basis for ensuring the correctness of the measurement result of the gamma ray.
At present, a detector adopted by a gamma ray measuring system of a magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device is a large-volume semiconductor detector or a scintillator detector, and does not have a Compton inhibition function. Therefore, the measured gamma ray result, especially the gamma ray energy spectrum, can not reflect the true information of the gamma ray. Aiming at the defects of the existing gamma ray detector, the gamma ray detector adopts a coincidence detector with a main detector and a secondary detector structure, realizes the Compton inhibition function, and effectively solves the Compton effect problem in the existing magnetic confinement fusion gamma ray measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray detector with a Compton suppression function, which greatly improves the accuracy and reliability of a magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray measurement result.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray detector with a Compton suppression function comprises a main detector and a secondary detector, wherein the main detector and the secondary detector form a composite detector, and the Compton suppression function during gamma ray measurement is realized through the composite detector formed by the main detector and the secondary detector and a gamma ray shielding collimation system.
The main detector comprises a liquid nitrogen Dewar, a liquid nitrogen circulation control device, a cooling rod, a cold finger and a high-purity germanium sensitive body; the liquid nitrogen circulation control is connected with the liquid nitrogen Dewar and used for circulating liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen Dewar, and the high-purity germanium sensitive body is connected with the liquid nitrogen Dewar sequentially through the cold finger and the cooling rod.
The liquid nitrogen Dewar has the capacity of 30L, is controlled circularly by liquid nitrogen, has the model of Kanbera CCII-HI and the power of 300W; the cooling bar model can be Camperla RDC-10, 10 inches in length and 1 inch in diameter; cold finger model canperra RDC-120A, 2.5 inches in length, 0.5 inch in diameter; the high-purity germanium sensitive body model Kanbera GR4520, the diameter is 80mm, the height is 100mm, and the energy detection range is 0.2-10 MeV.
The secondary detector comprises eight photomultiplier tubes, a stainless steel fixing sleeve and eight trapezoidal bismuth germanate scintillators, the rear end of each trapezoidal bismuth germanate scintillator is connected with one photomultiplier tube, and the eight trapezoidal bismuth germanate scintillators and the photomultiplier tubes are combined to form a hollow circular array which is placed in the stainless steel fixing sleeve.
The photomultiplier model Leptomeria maritima 1949-50, gain multiple 107, diameter 2 inches; the stainless steel fixing sleeve is made of stainless steel 304, the diameter of the stainless steel fixing sleeve is 145mm, the height of the stainless steel fixing sleeve is 130mm, and the thickness of the stainless steel fixing sleeve is 2 mm; the cross section of the bismuth germanate scintillator is trapezoidal, the upper side is 35mm long, the lower side is 69mm long, the height is 30mm, the length is 120mm, and the range of an energy detector is 0.2-6 MeV.
The gamma shielding collimation system comprises a stainless steel cladding, a lead shielding chamber and an entrance window, wherein the stainless steel cladding is positioned on the outermost layer and wraps the lead shielding chamber, and the entrance window is positioned in the center of the front end of the lead shielding chamber.
The stainless steel cladding layer is made of nonmagnetic stainless steel, the model is 316L, and the thickness is 2 mm; the lead wall thickness of the lead shielding chamber is 10 cm; the entrance window has a diameter of 3cm and a thickness of 10 cm.
The liquid nitrogen Dewar is placed on the adjusting mechanism, the adjusting mechanism is positioned on the supporting platform, and the installed composite detector and the gamma shielding collimation chamber are adjusted to be placed on the supporting platform.
The supporting platform is made of stainless steel 304, and is 1.5m long, 0.8m wide and 1m high; the adjusting mechanism is made of stainless steel 304, the diameter of the adjusting mechanism is 0.6m, and the adjusting mechanism has the functions of adjusting front and back and up and down.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method effectively solves the problem of Compton effect in the conventional magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray measurement, and is very suitable for the gamma ray measurement of the magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general schematic diagram of a magnetic confinement fusion gamma ray detector with Compton suppression function provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the gamma ray detector of FIG. 1.
The device comprises a supporting platform 1, an adjusting mechanism 2, a liquid nitrogen Dewar 3, a liquid nitrogen circulation control 4, a cooling rod 5, a Photomultiplier (PMT) 6, a stainless steel cladding 7, a lead shielding chamber 8, a stainless steel fixing sleeve 9, a Bismuth Germanate (BGO) scintillator 10, an incident window 11, a cold finger 12 and a high-purity germanium (HPGe) sensitive body 13.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
The current magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray measurement usually adopts a single semiconductor or scintillator detector, which cannot eliminate the influence of Compton effect, thereby causing the distortion of the measurement result and even complete distortion. In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a magnetic confinement fusion gamma ray detector with Compton inhibition function.
As shown in figure 1, the magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray detector with the Compton suppression function comprises a main detector and a secondary detector, wherein the main detector and the secondary detector form a composite detector, and the Compton suppression function during gamma ray measurement is realized through the composite detector formed by the main detector and the secondary detector and a gamma ray shielding collimation system.
The main detector includes: liquid nitrogen Dewar 3, liquid nitrogen circulation control 4, cooling rod 5, cold finger 12 and high-purity germanium sensitive body 13; the liquid nitrogen circulation control device 4 is connected with the liquid nitrogen Dewar 3 and is used for circulating liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen Dewar 3, and the high-purity germanium sensitive body 13 is connected with the liquid nitrogen Dewar 3 sequentially through the cold finger 12 and the cooling rod 5. The liquid nitrogen Dewar 3 is arranged on the adjusting mechanism 2, and the adjusting mechanism 2 is arranged on the supporting platform 1.
The volume of the liquid nitrogen Dewar 3 is 30L; liquid nitrogen circulation control, model Kanbera CCII-HI, power 300W; a cooling rod, model Kanbera RDC-10, 10 inches in length and 1 inch in diameter; cold finger, model Kanbera RDC-120A, length 2.5 inches, diameter 0.5 inches; the high-purity germanium sensitive body 13 is a Kanbera GR4520 with the diameter of 80mm, the height of 100mm and the energy detection range of 0.2-10 MeV.
As shown in fig. 2, the sub-detector includes: eight photomultiplier tubes 6, a stainless steel fixing sleeve 9 and eight trapezoidal bismuth germanate scintillators 10; the rear end of each trapezoidal bismuth germanate scintillator 10 is connected with one electron multiplier tube 6. The combination of eight sets of trapezoidal bismuth germanate scintillators 10 and the photomultiplier 6 forms a hollow circular array which is placed in the stainless steel fixed sleeve 9.
Photomultiplier, type hamamatsu 1949-50, gain multiple 107, diameter 2 inches; the stainless steel fixing sleeve is made of 304 stainless steel, the diameter of the stainless steel fixing sleeve is 145mm, the height of the stainless steel fixing sleeve is 130mm, and the thickness of the stainless steel fixing sleeve is 2 mm; the bismuth germanate BGO scintillator is trapezoidal in cross section, the upper side is 35mm long, the lower side is 69mm long, the height is 30mm, the length is 120mm, and the range of an energy detector is 0.2-6 MeV.
The primary detector and the secondary detector form a composite detector, and as shown in fig. 2, a high-purity germanium sensitive body 13 of the primary detector is placed in a hollow cavity of a circular array formed by bismuth germanate scintillators 10.
The gamma shielding collimation system comprises: a stainless steel cladding 7, a lead shielded room 8, and an entrance window 11. The combination of eight sets of trapezoidal bismuth germanate scintillators 10 and the photomultiplier 6 forms a hollow circular array which is placed in a stainless steel fixing sleeve 9, a lead shielding chamber 8 is sleeved outside the stainless steel fixing sleeve 9, and a stainless steel cladding 7 is sleeved outside the lead shielding chamber 8. The stainless steel cladding 7 is positioned on the outermost layer and wraps the lead shielding chamber 8, and the entrance window 11 is positioned in the center of the front end of the lead shielding chamber 8. The composite detector is placed in a gamma shielded collimating chamber so that both the primary and secondary detectors will have signals generated when the compton effect occurs, while only the primary detector will have signals generated when the compton effect does not occur. Therefore, the signals of the main detector and the secondary detector are subjected to inverse coincidence processing to obtain the gamma signals subjected to Compton inhibition.
A stainless steel cladding layer, non-magnetic stainless steel, type 316L, with a thickness of 2 mm; lead shielding chamber with lead wall thickness of 10 cm; entrance window, diameter 3cm, thickness 10 cm.
Gamma rays enter the trapezoidal bismuth germanate scintillator 10 of the main detector through the incidence window, and scattering gamma rays generated when the gamma rays generate the compton effect in the trapezoidal bismuth germanate scintillator 10 enter the bismuth germanate scintillator 10.
The support adjustment platform portion includes: a support platform 1 and an adjustment mechanism 2. As shown in figure 1, an adjusting mechanism 2 is positioned on a supporting platform 1, a liquid nitrogen Dewar 3 is placed on the adjusting mechanism 2, and the adjusted and installed composite detector and a gamma shielding collimation chamber are placed on the supporting platform 1.
A supporting platform made of stainless steel 304, wherein the length of the supporting platform is 1.5m, the width of the supporting platform is 0.8m, and the height of the supporting platform is 1 m; the adjusting mechanism is made of stainless steel 304, has the diameter of 0.6m, and has the functions of front-back and up-down adjustment.
Gamma rays enter the high-purity germanium sensitive body 13 of the main detector through the incidence window 11, scattered gamma rays generated when the incident gamma rays generate the Compton effect in the high-purity germanium sensitive body 13 enter the bismuth germanate scintillator 10 of the secondary detector, and the main detector and the secondary detector output coincidence and anti-coincidence signals, so that gamma ray signals after Compton inhibition are obtained.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray detector with compton suppression function which characterized in that: the compton gamma ray detector comprises a main detector and a secondary detector, wherein the main detector and the secondary detector form a composite detector, and the compton inhibition function during gamma ray measurement is realized through the composite detector formed by the main detector and the secondary detector and a gamma ray shielding collimation system.
2. The magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray detector with Compton suppression function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the main detector comprises a liquid nitrogen Dewar (3), a liquid nitrogen circulation control (4), a cooling rod (5), a cold finger (12) and a high-purity germanium sensitive body (13); the liquid nitrogen circulation control device (4) is connected with the liquid nitrogen Dewar (3) and is used for circulating liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen Dewar (3), and the high-purity germanium sensitive body (13) is connected with the liquid nitrogen Dewar (3) sequentially through the cold finger (12) and the cooling rod (5).
3. The magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray detector with Compton suppression function as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the liquid nitrogen Dewar (3) has the capacity of 30L, is controlled by liquid nitrogen circulation, has the model of Kanbera CCII-HI and the power of 300W; the cooling rod (5) is the Kanbera RDC-10, the length is 10 inches, and the diameter is 1 inch; cold finger (12) model canperla RDC-120A, 2.5 inches in length, 0.5 inch in diameter; the model of the high-purity germanium sensitive body (13) is Kanbera GR4520, the diameter is 80mm, the height is 100mm, and the energy detection range is 0.2-10 MeV.
4. The magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray detector with Compton suppression function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the secondary detector comprises eight photomultiplier tubes (6), a stainless steel fixing sleeve (9) and eight trapezoidal bismuth germanate scintillators (10), the rear end of each trapezoidal bismuth germanate scintillator (10) is connected with one photomultiplier tube (6), and the combination of the eight trapezoidal bismuth germanate scintillators (10) and the photomultiplier tubes (6) forms a hollow circular array to be placed in the stainless steel fixing sleeve (9).
5. The magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray detector with Compton suppression function as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the photomultiplier (6) is of type Hamamatsu 1949-50, gain multiple 107 and diameter of 2 inches; the stainless steel fixing sleeve (9) is made of stainless steel 304, the diameter is 145mm, the height is 130mm, and the thickness is 2 mm; the cross section of the bismuth germanate scintillator (10) is trapezoidal, the upper side is 35mm long, the lower side is 69mm long, the height is 30mm, the length is 120mm, and the range of an energy detector is 0.2-6 MeV.
6. The magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray detector with Compton suppression function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the gamma shielding collimation system comprises a stainless steel cladding (7), a lead shielding chamber (8) and an entrance window (1), wherein the stainless steel cladding (7) is located on the outermost layer and wraps the lead shielding chamber (8), and the entrance window (11) is located in the center of the front end of the lead shielding chamber (8).
7. The magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray detector with Compton suppression function as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: the stainless steel cladding (9) is made of nonmagnetic stainless steel, the model is 316L, and the thickness is 2 mm; the lead wall thickness of the lead shielding chamber (8) is 10 cm; the entrance window (1) has a diameter of 3cm and a thickness of 10 cm.
8. The magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray detector with Compton suppression function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the liquid nitrogen Dewar (3) is placed on the adjusting mechanism (2), the adjusting mechanism (2) is positioned on the supporting platform (1), and the installed composite detector and the gamma shielding collimation chamber are adjusted and placed on the supporting platform (1).
9. The magnetic confinement nuclear fusion gamma ray detector with Compton suppression function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the supporting platform (1) is made of stainless steel 304, and has the length of 1.5m, the width of 0.8m and the height of 1 m; the adjusting mechanism (2) is made of stainless steel 304, has the diameter of 0.6m and has the functions of front-back and up-down adjustment.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN113418943A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-09-21 | 四川轻化工大学 | Compton back scattering wall hollowing detection system and detection method |
| CN115236722A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-10-25 | 西北核技术研究所 | Secondary electron enhancement type vacuum Compton detector |
| CN115267877A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-11-01 | 西北核技术研究所 | Pulse gamma absolute intensity detection device based on scattering gamma |
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| CN112180423B (en) | 2024-07-16 |
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