CN112180360A - Novel method for amplitude comparison and angle measurement of shot target by frequency scanning antenna - Google Patents
Novel method for amplitude comparison and angle measurement of shot target by frequency scanning antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN112180360A CN112180360A CN202011045001.XA CN202011045001A CN112180360A CN 112180360 A CN112180360 A CN 112180360A CN 202011045001 A CN202011045001 A CN 202011045001A CN 112180360 A CN112180360 A CN 112180360A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/66—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/72—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems for two-dimensional tracking, e.g. combination of angle and range tracking, track-while-scan radar
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/418—Theoretical aspects
Abstract
The invention relates to a novel method for amplitude comparison and angle measurement of a shot target by a frequency scanning antenna, and belongs to the technical field of gun position reconnaissance and correction radars. The method for measuring the angle by simultaneously double-lobe amplitude-to-amplitude ratio is adopted, the angle measurement function is completed in a beam residence, each transmitted pulse is formed by improving a single wide pulse into two pulses which are different in frequency, halved in width and sequentially arranged in time, so that the front pulse and the rear pulse respectively correspond to an upper beam and a lower beam, the two beams almost simultaneously irradiate a target, double-frequency target echoes are subjected to broadband receiving and are divided into independent channels to be subjected to subsequent beam synthesis, pulse pressure and MTD processing, and the amplitude value and the difference amplitude ratio of the double beams obtained by detecting the target are subjected to angle measurement to obtain an angle measurement result. The invention improves the amplitude fluctuation caused by inconsistent target observation angles, thereby greatly improving the measurement precision of the radar elevation angle. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional method, the double-lobe amplitude-comparison angle measurement method has the advantages that the occupied time for tracking is reduced by half, and the multi-target capability can be effectively enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gun position reconnaissance and calibration radar, and particularly relates to a novel method for amplitude comparison and angle measurement of a shot target by a frequency scanning antenna.
Background
The phase frequency scanning antenna has the advantages of two-dimensional electric scanning, low side lobe, low cost and the like, and is widely applied to the gun position reconnaissance and correction radar. The phase-frequency scanning antenna usually adopts a single-pulse angle measurement mode in a phase scanning dimension (azimuth dimension), usually adopts a sequential lobe amplitude comparison angle measurement mode in a frequency scanning dimension (pitch dimension), needs to spend the residence time of two wave beams, sequentially transmits the two wave beams at an upper wave position and a lower wave position of a tracking target prediction direction, and can obtain accurate angle information of the target by amplitude comparison processing of target echo amplitudes of the upper wave beam and the lower wave beam.
Theoretically, the angle measurement precision of the sum-difference monopulse angle measurement, the sequential lobe amplitude measurement and the simultaneous lobe amplitude measurement is consistent, but analysis on data of the shot actually tracked by the radar shows that the sequential lobe amplitude measurement has a significantly larger error than that of the monopulse angle measurement. Aiming at the problem, the two methods of analyzing and comparing the pitch sequence lobe ratio amplitude measurement angle and the single pulse angle measurement are mainly different in that the single pulse angle measurement method has the same working frequency, simultaneously irradiates a target, simultaneously forms a receiving beam and a difference beam, and has the same observation attitude angle to the target; sequential lobes illuminate the target sequentially (non-simultaneously), receive beams sequentially (non-simultaneously) at different frequencies than amplitude measurement angles, and when the time interval during which two sequentially operating beams reside is long, the observed attitude angle for the target is different.
The projectile target RCS is dependent on the observation angle and is a function of the observation angle, with target RCS fluctuating from several dB to tens of dB for different observation angles. The projectile target has a nutation phenomenon in the flying process, the observation angle of the projectile target relative to radar beams changes along with nutation of the warhead, and the nutation characteristic is directly reflected to the RCS fluctuation of the target. Actually measuring the nutation angle of a certain projectile target at 1-4 degrees, wherein the nutation period is about 40ms, and when the beam dwell time interval of two tracking beams of a certain gun position reconnaissance and correction radar is about 10ms, when the radar adopts sequential lobe angle measurement, the nutation angle is changed to the maximum value, and when the two beams are dwell, the target changes by 1-4 degrees relative to the observation angle of the radar, so that larger RCS fluctuation is easily caused.
According to the analysis conclusion, the reason that the angle measurement precision of the sequential lobe method is poor is that the irradiation time of two beams sequentially emitted to a target is different, and the observation angle of a radar to the target is inconsistent due to the nutation effect, so that the RCS is greatly fluctuated, and the angle measurement precision is poor.
The frequency scanning antenna is realized by the crack waveguide, performs electric scanning in a limited range, has the advantages of low side lobe, high efficiency, low cost, easy production and manufacture and the like, and is suitable for application in the field of gun position detection and calibration radars, so that the problem of effectively solving the high-precision angle measurement problem of the frequency scanning antenna is a pressing problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The method aims to overcome the defect that a large angle measurement error of a frequency scanning antenna is caused by a large RCS fluctuation caused by non-simultaneous irradiation of targets by sequential lobes during the nutation effect and long residence intervals in the projectile flying process. The invention provides a novel method for carrying out amplitude comparison and angle measurement on a shot target by a frequency scanning antenna, which adopts a simultaneous dual-lobe amplitude comparison and angle measurement method to complete the angle measurement function in a beam residence, each transmitting pulse is formed by improving a single wide pulse into two pulses which are different in frequency, halved in width and sequentially arranged in time, so that the front pulse and the rear pulse respectively correspond to an upper beam and a lower beam, the two beams are irradiated on the target almost simultaneously (only the difference of tens of microseconds), broadband receiving is carried out on dual-frequency target echoes, the dual-beam echoes are divided into independent channels to be subjected to subsequent beam synthesis, pulse pressure, MTD and other processing, and the sum and difference amplitude comparison is carried out on the dual-beam amplitude values obtained by detecting the target to obtain an angle. According to the method, the observation angles of the radar to the shot target are almost consistent, fluctuation of the target RCS caused by nutation effect and inconsistency of the observation angles can be ignored, and the measurement accuracy of the shot target elevation angle can be greatly improved.
Technical scheme
A novel method for carrying out amplitude comparison and angle measurement on a shot target by a frequency scanning antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: setting a separation angle of double wave lobes according to the wave beam width of the frequency scanning antenna; calculating the frequency difference delta F of the transmitting dual-lobe carrier frequency as theta/K according to the frequency scanning characteristic K of the frequency scanning antenna, wherein K is the frequency scanning angle/frequency scanning bandwidth;
step 2: integrating the tracking time sequence, and reducing the two beam dwells into 1 beam dwell; dividing one pulse in the residence into two sub-pulses which are sequentially arranged in time, wherein the pulse widths, the bandwidths and the waveforms of the two sub-pulses are consistent, and the carrier frequency difference is delta F;
and step 3: respectively calculating the transmitting phase matching codes of the respective sub-pulses according to the carrier frequency and the beam direction of the respective sub-pulses, wherein in the pulse transmitting period, two groups of phase matching codes are respectively configured in the corresponding sub-pulse period, and a time interval is set between the two sub-pulses and used for switching the phase matching codes of the double sub-pulses;
and 4, step 4: determining the intermediate frequency bandwidth delta F + Bs of the receiver according to the frequency difference delta F of the transmitting double lobes and the signal bandwidth Bs;
and 5: the signal processor performs intermediate frequency sampling on a target dual-frequency echo signal, performs channel separation to obtain echo data of double lobes, performs azimuth digital beam forming, pulse compression, moving target detection and constant false alarm processing respectively, and performs amplitude comparison processing on the detected target by using the double lobes up and down simultaneously to obtain a pitching angle measurement.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the separation angle in step 1 is 0.5 times the 3dB beamwidth.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: in step 1, the frequency difference delta F does not exceed 30 MHz.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the time interval in step 3 was 1. mu.s.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a novel method for simultaneously measuring the amplitude of a shot target by a frequency scanning antenna in a dual-lobe amplitude comparison manner, wherein the measurement is completed in one beam residence, the observation angles of the upper and lower beams for angle measurement to the target are consistent, and the amplitude fluctuation caused by the inconsistent observation angles of the target is improved, so that the radar elevation angle measurement precision is greatly improved. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional method, the double-lobe amplitude-comparison angle measurement method has the advantages that the occupied time for tracking is reduced by half, and the multi-target capability can be effectively enhanced. The invention is already used in a certain novel gun position reconnaissance and calibration radar product, is effective through the verification of a target range test, and improves the accuracy of measuring the angle of a projectile target from the original 3mil to 1.5 mil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
1. the angle measurement precision of the shot target is effectively improved under a frequency scanning antenna system;
2. the dwell of the tracking wave beams is reduced from 2 to 1, and the multi-target capability of the radar is doubled;
3. hardware equipment is not increased, software is mainly improved, and cost is not increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simultaneous dual-lobe amplitude-comparison angle measurement method
FIG. 2 is a graph of time versus frequency for a dual frequency pulse
Detailed Description
The invention provides a novel method for carrying out amplitude comparison and angle measurement on a shot target by a frequency scanning antenna, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, setting a separation angle theta of double wave lobes according to the wave beam width designed by a frequency scanning antenna, wherein the separation angle is not suitable to be set too large in order to reduce target detection loss, and the separation angle is generally 0.5 times of 3dB wave beam width; then, according to the frequency scanning characteristic K (K is the frequency scanning angle/frequency scanning bandwidth) of the frequency scanning antenna, the frequency difference of the transmitting dual-lobe carrier frequency is calculated, wherein F is theta/K, and F is Fn1-Fn2In which F isn1、Fn2Is FnDual lobe carrier frequencies when the beam is pointed.
Step 2: integrating the tracking time sequence, and reducing the two beam dwells into 1 beam dwell; one pulse in the residence is divided into two sub-pulses which are sequentially arranged in time, the pulse widths, the bandwidths and the waveforms of the two sub-pulses are consistent, and the carrier frequency difference is delta F.
And step 3: the transmitting phase matching codes of the two sub-pulses are respectively calculated according to the beam direction and the carrier frequency of the sub-pulses, the two groups of phase matching codes are respectively configured in the corresponding sub-pulse period during the pulse transmitting period, and a time interval, such as 1 mu s, is set between the two sub-pulses for the phase matching code switching of the double sub-pulses.
And 4, step 4: determining the intermediate frequency bandwidth (delta F + B) of the receiver according to the frequency difference delta F of the transmitting dual lobe and the signal bandwidth Bss) And the delta F value is not required to be too large during system design, so that the single-channel receiver can complete simultaneous reception of the target double-frequency echo, and compared with a double-channel receiver receiving mode, the receiver hardware is simplified and the cost is reduced.
And 5: the signal processor performs intermediate frequency sampling on a target dual-frequency echo signal, performs channel separation to obtain echo data of double lobes, performs independent azimuth digital beam forming, pulse compression, moving target detection and constant false alarm processing, and performs amplitude comparison processing on the detected target by using the double lobes up and down simultaneously to obtain a pitching angle measurement result.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments, taking the specific design of a certain novel radar as an example, the specific steps are as follows:
step 1: the lobe width of the center frequency of a certain radar frequency scanning antenna is 0.91 degrees, the bandwidth range of 1GHz covers the frequency scanning electric scanning range of 14 degrees, the frequency scanning characteristic is 0.014/MHZ, the frequency difference of double lobes is set to be 30MHz, and the center separation angle of the double lobes is 0.42 degrees;
step 2: when tracking and measuring angles, one wave beam dwell is adopted to finish, a pulse with the pulse width of 46 mu s/4 mu s during searching is changed into two sub-pulses with the pulse width of 23 mu s/2 mu s which are sequentially arranged in time, the pulse width of the two sub-pulses is consistent, the bandwidth of the two sub-pulses is 8MHz, the wave form of the two sub-pulses is a nonlinear frequency modulation signal, and the difference of the central carrier frequency is 30 MHz;
and step 3: and independently calculating the transmitting phase matching codes of the two sub-pulses according to the carrier frequency of the sub-pulses, wherein a 1 mu s time interval is arranged between the two sub-pulses and is used for switching the switching time of the phase matching codes of the double sub-pulses.
And 4, step 4: the frequency difference delta F of the transmitting double-lobe is 30MHz, the signal bandwidth Bs is 8MHz, and the requirement can be met by determining that the medium frequency bandwidth of the receiver is set to be 38 MHz;
and 5: the signal processor performs intermediate frequency sampling on target dual-frequency echo signals with the bandwidth of 38MHz and the intermediate frequency of 175MHz at a sampling rate of 100MHz, performs digital channel separation to obtain echo data of double lobes, performs independent azimuth digital beam forming, pulse compression, moving target detection and constant false alarm processing, and performs amplitude comparison processing on the detected target with the double lobes simultaneously up and down to obtain a pitching angle measurement result.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simultaneous dual-lobe amplitude-to-amplitude angle measurement method, which is characterized in that compared with a conventional sequential lobe amplitude-to-amplitude angle measurement method, single-frequency operation in a pulse is improved into two sub-pulse dual-frequency operation in the pulse, so that an upper beam and a lower beam are formed almost simultaneously according to a frequency dispersion effect of a frequency-swept array antenna array, two beams are formed in a time-sharing sequence to point at a target, simultaneous irradiation on the target to be observed can be ensured, the observation angle of the target to be observed is ensured to be consistent, RCS fluctuation caused by inconsistency of the observation angle of the target to be observed can be eliminated, and the elevation angle measurement accuracy of the target to be; because energy resources are abundant during radar tracking, the transmitted pulse width is decomposed into two sub-pulses, although the energy loss is 3dB, the radar tracking power is not influenced, meanwhile, two beam residences are reduced to one beam resident, the resident time of single target tracking is reduced by half, time resources are changed, the original tracking resident time of one target can complete tracking of two targets, and the multi-target capability of the radar can be doubled.
Fig. 2 is a time and frequency relationship diagram of a dual-frequency pulse, the carrier frequency interval of the two sub-pulses is 30MHz, the pulse width is the same, the bandwidth is the same, the waveforms are the same, and the sub-pulse interval is 1 μ s.
The method is applied to a certain radar product, on the premise of not increasing hardware equipment and cost, simultaneous dual-lobe amplitude-comparison angle measurement is realized based on the traditional frequency scanning antenna, the problem that the frequency scanning antenna dimension angle measurement error is large due to nutation effect in the projectile target flying process and large RCS fluctuation caused by non-simultaneous irradiation of targets by sequential lobes at long residence intervals is effectively solved, the projectile target angle measurement accuracy is improved to 1.5mil from the original 3mil, the angle measurement accuracy is greatly improved, and the tracking time is reduced by half.
The invention provides a solution to the problem of low precision of sequential lobe angle measurement on a shot target by a traditional frequency-scanning antenna, does not change the traditional antenna system and hardware processing architecture of a radar, and realizes simultaneous dual-lobe amplitude-comparison angle measurement on the frequency-scanning antenna by comprehensively improving multiple dimensions such as signal dimension, transmitting dimension, receiving dimension, data dimension and the like, thereby effectively improving the angle measurement precision of the frequency-scanning antenna on the shot target. The method is successfully applied to a certain novel radar product at present, the effectiveness of the method is verified by an actual test result, the radar product is produced in batch and arranged, great economic benefit, military benefit and social benefit are produced, and the method has wide popularization and application values in the field of radars applying phase-frequency scanning system antennas in the future.
Claims (4)
1. A novel method for carrying out amplitude comparison and angle measurement on a shot target by a frequency scanning antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: setting a separation angle of double wave lobes according to the wave beam width of the frequency scanning antenna; calculating the frequency difference delta F of the transmitting dual-lobe carrier frequency as theta/K according to the frequency scanning characteristic K of the frequency scanning antenna, wherein K is the frequency scanning angle/frequency scanning bandwidth;
step 2: integrating the tracking time sequence, and reducing the two beam dwells into 1 beam dwell; dividing one pulse in the residence into two sub-pulses which are sequentially arranged in time, wherein the pulse widths, the bandwidths and the waveforms of the two sub-pulses are consistent, and the carrier frequency difference is delta F;
and step 3: respectively calculating the transmitting phase matching codes of the respective sub-pulses according to the carrier frequency and the beam direction of the respective sub-pulses, wherein in the pulse transmitting period, two groups of phase matching codes are respectively configured in the corresponding sub-pulse period, and a time interval is set between the two sub-pulses and used for switching the phase matching codes of the double sub-pulses;
and 4, step 4: determining the intermediate frequency bandwidth delta F + Bs of the receiver according to the frequency difference delta F of the transmitting double lobes and the signal bandwidth Bs;
and 5: the signal processor performs intermediate frequency sampling on a target dual-frequency echo signal, performs channel separation to obtain echo data of double lobes, performs azimuth digital beam forming, pulse compression, moving target detection and constant false alarm processing respectively, and performs amplitude comparison processing on the detected target by using the double lobes up and down simultaneously to obtain a pitching angle measurement.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the separation angle in step 1 is 0.5 times the 3dB beamwidth.
3. The method for amplitude-comparison angle measurement of the projectile target by the frequency-scanning antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the frequency difference Δ F in step 1 is not more than 30 MHz.
4. The method for amplitude-comparing and angle-measuring the projectile target by the frequency-scanning antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time interval in step 3 is 1 μ s.
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