CN112179836B - Accelerated test device for researching concrete performance degradation under sulfate erosion - Google Patents
Accelerated test device for researching concrete performance degradation under sulfate erosion Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005370 electroosmosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001653 ettringite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/002—Test chambers
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Abstract
The invention discloses an accelerated test device for researching concrete performance deterioration under sulfate erosion, which comprises: the electric field accelerating device comprises an erosion box and a power box, wherein a stainless steel mesh is arranged in the erosion box, the concrete sample is located in the stainless steel mesh, the other end of the titanium alloy is connected with the anode of the power box, the stainless steel mesh is connected with the cathode of the power box, and sulfate erosion liquid is further placed in the erosion box. The method realizes the acceleration process of the sulfate erosion concrete, is simple and convenient to operate, and effectively shortens the test period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of concrete durability research, and particularly relates to an accelerated test device for concrete performance degradation in a sulfate corrosion environment.
Background
Sulfate erosion is an important factor in the deterioration of the performance of concrete structures in marine environments and high saline-alkali land areas. Sulfate ions in the environmental water diffuse into the concrete and react with hydration products to generate products such as ettringite, gypsum and the like. These expansive corrosion products generate internal stress in the concrete, and when the internal stress is accumulated to exceed the tensile strength of the concrete, the concrete expands and cracks. And simultaneously, hydration products such as calcium silicate hydrate, calcium hydroxide and the like are consumed, the cementing property of the cement paste and the aggregate is reduced, the mechanical property of the concrete is reduced, the bearing capacity of the structure is reduced, and the design service life cannot be reached. Since sulfate attack on concrete is a long-term process, researchers often employ accelerated testing methods. The existing accelerated test methods mainly comprise the following methods: increasing the reaction area of the sample, increasing the concentration of the erosion liquid, increasing the temperature of the erosion liquid, increasing the water-cement ratio of the test piece and alternating wetting and drying. Even in these methods, the test sample is often simply immersed in the solution, and the test cycle is long, and generally takes one year or more.
The national current standard GB/T50082 'Standard for testing the long-term performance and durability of common concrete', recommends the acceleration of the concrete in a dry-wet cycle mode, but the concrete needs to be dried for 6 hours at the high temperature of 80 ℃, some researchers have suspicion on that whether the hydration products in the concrete can be kept stable at the temperature, the method is mainly applied to the test of the sulfate erosion resistance of concrete materials at present, and is rarely used for exploring the degradation process of the sulfate erosion concrete.
Although the existing electroosmosis pulse principle is utilized to carry out the related test method of electroosmosis accelerated corrosion concrete on the concrete, the side surface of the concrete needs to be treated, electrode plates need to be pasted and the like, and three-dimensional uniform corrosion cannot be realized; in some cases, for the condition that the concrete is corroded by sulfate at low temperature, through drilling a sample, placing an electrode and then measuring electrochemical parameters, although the evaluation of the corrosion degree is realized, the mechanical property evolution law which is more concerned in engineering cannot be known.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an accelerated test device for researching concrete performance degradation under sulfate erosion, which can effectively shorten the test period, truly reflect the process of the sulfate erosion of concrete, is simple and convenient to operate and facilitates the measurement of the concrete performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an accelerated test device for researching concrete performance deterioration under sulfate erosion comprises: the electric field accelerating device comprises an erosion box and a power box, wherein a stainless steel mesh is arranged in the erosion box, the concrete sample is located in the stainless steel mesh, the other end of the titanium alloy is connected with the anode of the power box, the stainless steel mesh is connected with the cathode of the power box, and sulfate erosion liquid is further placed in the erosion box.
Further, the titanium alloy sheet is located at the center of the concrete sample.
Further, the thickness of the titanium alloy sheet is 1mm, and the width is 0.1 times of the minimum size of the concrete sample.
Furthermore, the interface of the titanium alloy sheet and the concrete sample is coated with an epoxy resin sealing material.
Furthermore, the erosion box further comprises a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are respectively positioned at the upper part and the bottom of the erosion box.
Further, the erosion box further comprises a filler strip, the filler strip is arranged in the stainless steel net, and the concrete sample is placed on the filler strip.
Further, a plurality of stainless steel nets are arranged in the erosion box.
Further, the concrete sample was prepared by the following method:
mixing cement, water, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and a water reducing agent into fresh concrete according to a designed mixing proportion;
vertically inserting a titanium alloy sheet into a hard paper shell with a central hole, and placing the titanium alloy sheet at the bottom of a mold before pouring;
after fresh concrete is added into the mould, the foam board with the hole reserved in the center is placed in the mould, and the titanium alloy sheet penetrates through the hole reserved in the center of the foam board;
placing the mould on a vibrating table for vibrating, taking out the foam board after vibrating, continuously adding fresh concrete into the mould, placing the foam board, vibrating, and repeating the operation until pouring is finished;
standing for 24 hours and then demoulding;
coating an epoxy resin sealing material on the junction of the titanium alloy sheet and the concrete, and standing for a set time after coating;
and after the concrete sample is manufactured, putting the concrete sample into a standard curing box with the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 95 percent for curing for 28 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can apply electric field acting force to sulfate ions in the solution to accelerate the sulfate ions to migrate into the concrete, realizes the acceleration process of the sulfate erosion concrete, has simple and convenient operation, effectively shortens the test period, and can shorten the test period of more than 1 year to 1-3 months. Meanwhile, the invention provides a matched sample manufacturing method, which can effectively insert the titanium alloy sheet as the anode into the middle of the concrete without influencing the mechanical property test of the concrete. The invention avoids the problem of longer test period caused by long-term soaking test, does not change the mechanism of sulfate ion corrosion of concrete, simultaneously reserves the smooth side surface of the concrete, is convenient for subsequent mechanical property test of the concrete, and provides an efficient accelerated test method for the research of concrete property deterioration under sulfate corrosion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a concrete sample manufacturing process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a concrete sample forming process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a concrete sample according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an accelerated test apparatus for investigating the deterioration of concrete properties under sulfate attack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of an accelerated test apparatus for investigating the deterioration of concrete properties under sulfate attack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of the compression test according to the embodiment of the present invention.
The element numbers in the figures represent respectively: 1-1 mould, 1-2 fresh concrete, 1-3 titanium alloy sheet, 1-4 hard paper shell, 1-5 foam board, 1-6 epoxy resin sealing material, 2-1 corrosion box, 2-2 sulfate corrosion liquid, 2-3 stainless steel net, 2-4 power box, 2-5 filler strip, 2-6 liquid inlet and 2-7 liquid outlet.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described below by way of specific examples, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modifications and variations in various respects, all without departing from the spirit of the invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic manner, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; for a better understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides an accelerated test apparatus for investigating the performance degradation of concrete under sulfate erosion. The device comprises a concrete sample and an electric field accelerating device.
The concrete sample is embedded with 1-3 titanium alloy sheets. One end of each titanium alloy sheet 1-3 is positioned at the bottom of the concrete sample, and the other end extends out of the top of the concrete sample.
In the preferred embodiment, the titanium alloy pieces 1-3 are located in the center of the concrete sample.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing a concrete sample is provided, including:
1) tools and materials: 1-1 part of mould, 1-2 parts of fresh concrete, 1-3 parts of titanium alloy sheet, 1-4 parts of hard paper shell, 1-5 parts of foam board and 1-6 parts of epoxy resin sealing material.
Wherein the size of the mold 1-1 is determined by the sample size. In the present example, the dimensions of the mold 1-1 were 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm.
The fresh concrete 1-2 is prepared by mixing cement, water, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and a water reducing agent according to a designed mixing ratio, wherein the mixing ratio is as follows: cement 450 kg/m3205 kg/m of water3River sand (fineness modulus 2.5) 570 kg/m31145 kg/m of crushed stone (maximum particle diameter of 20 mm)32.25 kg/m of water reducing agent (naphthalene series)3。
The titanium alloy sheet 1-3 is 1mm thick and 10 mm wide.
The hard paper shell 1-4 is the same as the bottom of the die 1-1 in size, a hole is reserved in the center, the length of the hole is the same as the width of the titanium alloy sheet 1-3, the width of the hole is 10 mm, and the width of the hole is 1 mm. The hard paper shell 1-4 is placed at the bottom of the mold 1-1 before pouring, and the titanium alloy sheet 1-3 is inserted into the reserved central hole. The thickness of the cardboard shells 1-4 is less than 2 mm to reduce the impact on the concrete sample size.
The foam plate 1-5 is the same as the bottom of the mould 1-1 in size, a hole is reserved in the center, the length of the hole is the same as the width of the titanium alloy sheet 1-3, 10 mm and 1mm in width, after the fresh concrete 1-2 is added into the mould 1-1, the foam plate 1-5 is placed in the mould 1-1, and the titanium alloy sheet 1-3 is inserted into the reserved central hole of the foam plate 1-5.
2) The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
A. mixing cement, water, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and a water reducing agent into fresh concrete 1-2 according to the designed mixing proportion;
B. vertically inserting a titanium alloy sheet 1-3 into a hard paper shell 1-4 with a central hole, and placing the titanium alloy sheet at the bottom of a mold 1-1 before pouring;
C. after the fresh concrete 1-2 is added into the mould 1-1, the foam board 1-5 with the hole reserved in the center is placed in the mould 1-1, and the titanium alloy sheet 1-3 is inserted into the hole reserved in the center of the foam board 1-5;
D. placing the mould 1-1 on a vibrating table for vibrating, keeping the center position of the titanium alloy sheet 1-3 in the vibrating process, taking out the foam board 1-5 after vibrating, continuously adding the next layer of fresh concrete 1-2 into the mould 1-1, placing the foam board 1-5, vibrating, and repeating the operation until pouring is finished;
E. standing for 24 hours and then demoulding;
F. coating the epoxy resin sealing material 1-6 on the junction of the titanium alloy sheet 1-3 and the concrete, wherein the coating area of the epoxy resin sealing material 1-6 is about 20mm multiplied by 20mm, and standing for a certain time after coating;
G. and after the concrete sample is manufactured, putting the concrete sample into a standard curing box with the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 95 percent for curing for 28 days.
The electric field accelerating device comprises an erosion box 2-1, sulfate erosion liquid 2-2, a stainless steel net 2-3, a power box 2-4, a filler strip 2-5, a liquid inlet 2-6 and a liquid outlet 2-7.
The erosion box 2-1 is made of transparent organic glass and is used for placing a concrete sample and then adding a sulfate erosion liquid 2-2, and the size is determined according to test requirements. In the embodiment of the invention, the size of the erosion box 2-1 is 400 mm multiplied by 200 mm multiplied by 150 mm.
The volume of the sulfate erosion liquid 2-2 is determined according to the size of the erosion box and the height of the concrete sample, and the erosion liquid level slightly exceeds the sample and is not suitable to exceed the top surface of the sample by 5 mm.
The concentration of the sulfate attack liquid 2-2 is determined according to the test requirements. In the embodiment of the invention, the concentration of the sulfate etching solution is 2-2% at 5%.
The stainless steel net 2-3 is made of 304 stainless steel, has a pore size of 14 meshes and a size of 480 mm × 120 mm, and surrounds the sample to serve as a cathode.
The power supply box 2-4 provides electric field force for accelerating the migration of sulfate ions, the positive electrode is connected with the titanium alloy sheet 1-3 in the concrete sample, and the negative electrode is connected with the stainless steel net 2-3. Wherein, the power box 2-4 applies 20V DC, and can be adjusted according to the test requirement.
The filler strip 2-5 is 20mm wide and 20mm thick and is used for supporting the concrete sample and ensuring that the bottom surface of the concrete sample is in contact with 2-2 parts of sulfate erosion liquid.
The liquid inlet 2-6 and the liquid outlet 2-7 are respectively positioned at two sides of the erosion box 2-1. Wherein, the liquid inlet 2-6 is positioned at the position of 140 mm higher than the bottom surface of the side surface of the erosion box 2-1, a funnel shape is adopted, and the liquid outlet 2-7 is positioned at the position of 10 mm higher than the bottom surface of the side surface of the erosion box 2-1, so that the supplement and the replacement of the sulfate erosion liquid 2-2 are convenient under the condition of not influencing a sample.
When the test method is used, the concrete sample embedded with the titanium alloy sheets 1-3 is prepared according to the method, the concrete sample is placed in the stainless steel net 2-3, one end, exposed out of the concrete sample, of the titanium alloy sheets 1-3 is connected with the positive electrode of a power supply, the stainless steel net is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, sulfate erosion liquid is added into the erosion box 2-1, and the power supply box 2-4 is opened to apply direct current to carry out a sulfate erosion concrete acceleration test.
In the electrifying process, new sulfate erosion liquid is added into the erosion box 2-1 through the liquid inlet 2-6, and old sulfate erosion liquid is discharged through the liquid outlet 2-7.
And after electrifying, taking out the concrete sample, removing the epoxy resin sealing material 1-6, and carrying out mechanical tests such as compression resistance, fracture resistance and the like.
Test examples
Previous researches on the mechanical properties of concrete show that the interface weakening effect exists in the interface between cement and aggregate or the interface between mortar and reinforcing steel bars. In order to compare the influence of the introduction of the titanium alloy on the strength of the concrete and verify that the process of entering the concrete by sulfate is really accelerated by adopting the device provided by the embodiment of the invention. The concrete sample without titanium alloy sheet (without electrode group), the concrete sample with titanium alloy sheet and the concrete sample accelerated by 10 days by the invention are respectively tested for compressive strength. To ensure reproducibility of the data, the number of concrete samples per series was 3.
Fig. 6 is a result of a compressive strength test, and the average values of the compressive strengths of the concrete samples without the electrode group and the concrete samples with the titanium alloy sheets are 51.5 MPa and 52.0 MPa, respectively, and the difference between the two is small and negligible, which proves that the titanium alloy sheets have good compatibility with the concrete due to limited insertion area and are light and thin. Meanwhile, the average value of the compressive strength of the concrete sample after 10 days of acceleration is 45.1 MPa, and compared with the concrete which is not eroded, the concrete sample has obvious strength reduction, which strongly indicates that the invention really accelerates the speed of concrete erosion by sulfate.
The present invention has been disclosed in terms of the preferred embodiment, but is not intended to be limited to the embodiment, and all technical solutions obtained by substituting or converting equivalents thereof fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
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| CN205857530U (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2017-01-04 | 成都建筑工程集团总公司 | Joint bar positioner |
| CN206583681U (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-10-24 | 沈阳工业大学 | A kind of rocks of precrack prepare mould |
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