CN112178665A - Device and method for regulating fly ash sedimentary deposit based on impinging stream technology - Google Patents
Device and method for regulating fly ash sedimentary deposit based on impinging stream technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN112178665A CN112178665A CN202011058392.9A CN202011058392A CN112178665A CN 112178665 A CN112178665 A CN 112178665A CN 202011058392 A CN202011058392 A CN 202011058392A CN 112178665 A CN112178665 A CN 112178665A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
- F23J1/06—Mechanically-operated devices, e.g. clinker pushers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J3/00—Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
- F23J3/02—Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for regulating and controlling a fly ash deposition layer based on an impinging stream technology, and belongs to the technical field of ash deposition prevention and control. The device for regulating and controlling the fly ash deposition layer based on the impinging stream technology comprises a high-temperature hearth, a nano particle injection system and a fly ash injection system, wherein the nano particle injection system and the fly ash injection system are respectively used for injecting nano particles and micron fly ash into the high-temperature hearth, and the injection directions of the nano particle injection system and the fly ash injection system are arranged oppositely. According to the method for regulating the fly ash deposition layer, the nano particles are introduced into the high-temperature hearth, so that the surface of the coal-fired fly ash is coated with the nano particles, the surface viscosity of the coal-fired fly ash can be effectively reduced, the structure and the composition of the fly ash deposition layer are regulated, and the aim of obviously improving the ash deposition problem is finally achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dust deposition prevention and control, and particularly relates to a device and a method for regulating and controlling a fly ash deposition layer based on an impinging stream technology, which are mainly used for solving the problems of dust deposition and slagging on a heat exchange surface of a power plant boiler and are also suitable for other related fields.
Background
The high-alkali coal has the advantages of low ignition temperature, high burnout rate, high combustion economy, low pollutant emission and the like, is excellent coal for power, and meets the aims of energy conservation and emission reduction in China. But due to highThe alkali coal has Na in ash2High content of O and CaO, SiO2And Al2O3Low content, high ash melting point temperature and the like, thereby easily causing the problems of ash deposition and slag bonding of the heat exchanger of the coal-fired boiler. Currently, a great deal of attention has been paid to Sinkiang eastern Junggar coal, which is a quite abundant reserve. Due to the insufficient recognition of the characteristics of the eastern Junggar coal in the early stage, the problems of serious ash accumulation and slag bonding of some power station boilers mixed with the eastern Junggar coal are caused, so that the boiler is frequently stopped, and the development and the utilization of the boiler are seriously restricted. Therefore, it is urgent to find a method for effectively controlling the ash deposition problem of the highly contaminated coal.
The current problems of controlling ash deposition in high alkalinity contaminated coal mainly include the following major research directions: 1) sodium removal and quality improvement, namely, performing certain pretreatment on the Dong coal to reduce the content of sodium salt in the coal and improve the quality of the coal. The sodium removal method currently under development mainly comprises water washing, hydrothermal treatment, microwave treatment, ion exchange method and CO2-H2O water treatment and the like. The methods can achieve higher sodium removal rate under certain conditions, but the large-scale cost brought by the pretreatment mode needs to be further considered; 2) the additive of the blended combustion mineral substance is added with some mineral substances in the combustion process of the east Junggar coal, and can generate chemical reaction with alkali metal, thereby achieving the purpose of fixing the alkali metal. For example, kaolin is a common silica-alumina clay mineral, which can effectively fix a part of alkali metals; 3) the mixed burning technology is to mix and burn the east Junggar coal and other fuels, such as bituminous coal, oil shale and semicoke thereof, sludge, biomass and the like. The method can reduce the fly ash deposition tendency of the eastern Junggar coal to a certain extent, but the selection and proportion of blended fuel, and the influence on pollutants and combustion characteristics need to be further evaluated; 4) the improvement of the combustion process, the scholars propose to adopt the mode of liquid slag discharge, capture alkali metal particles by forming a liquid film on the inner wall of a hearth, and facilitate the timely discharge of coal ash in the form of liquid slag, thereby reducing the release amount of fly ash and slowing down the contamination tendency; 5) the coating technology adopts a special coating on the heat exchanger, so that the adhesion rate of fly ash impacting a wall surface can be reduced, and the aims of slag resistance and wear resistance are fulfilled. However, studies have shown that the slave control effectIf the results show, the methods have advantages and disadvantages, and more or less face some critical problems to be solved, such as high investment cost, poor operability, unstable effect, and the like.
For example, the Chinese patent application No. 2017112290742 discloses a method for preventing and controlling the contamination and slagging of a pulverized coal fired boiler based on particle condensation, which comprises the steps of conveying material particles rich in silicon and aluminum elements into a boiler furnace through a conveying pipeline, spraying the particles into an area with the flue gas temperature of 900-1200 ℃ at the upper part of the boiler furnace through a nozzle, and controlling the particle size to be 5-200 mu m and the temperature to be lower than 600 ℃. The method is characterized in that the deposition of ash fly ash is improved by a gasification condensation mechanism for regulating and controlling alkali metal steam by spraying low-temperature particles, and the method is obviously different from the regulation and control method provided by the patent.
For another example, the chinese patent application No. 202010269862X discloses a method for preventing and controlling slagging and contamination of high-alkali coal for combustion based on in-furnace zone control, which comprises the following steps: 1) dividing the interior of the boiler into a slagging zone, a severe contamination zone, a strong contamination zone and a general contamination zone according to the temperature; 2) controlling a slagging region in a region from a combustor to the height of over-fired air by reducing the thermal load of the section of a hearth and the thermal load parameters of the wall surface of a combustor region, reducing the range of the slagging region and reducing the temperature window for releasing alkali metal; 3) controlling a severe contamination area in an area from the over-fire air to a hearth outlet by reducing a hearth volume heat load parameter, and performing a large amount of deposition of alkali metal compounds in the severe contamination area; 4) through reasonable arrangement of the heating surface, a strong contamination area is controlled in a horizontal flue area, and the contamination probability of the heating surface of the horizontal flue is reduced; 5) the general contamination area is controlled in the tail flue area through reasonable arrangement of the heating surfaces. According to the application, the temperature and time of the boiler are controlled according to different zones, so that Na is captured in the hearth to the maximum degree, and a small amount of Na is actively removed to control slagging and contamination. This is also quite different from the regulation proposed in this patent.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
Aiming at the defect that the prior art is difficult to effectively solve the problem of serious ash deposition on the heating surface of a boiler in the combustion and utilization process of high-alkalinity contaminated coal, the device and the method for regulating and controlling the fly ash deposition layer based on the impinging stream technology are provided. The invention carries out surface modification on the high-alkali coal fly ash based on the impinging stream technology, thereby effectively solving the problem of fly ash deposition in the application process of the high-alkali coal and having important significance for the wide application of the high-alkali coal.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the device for regulating and controlling the fly ash deposition layer based on the impinging stream technology comprises a high-temperature furnace, a nano particle injection system and a fly ash injection system, wherein the nano particle injection system and the fly ash injection system are respectively used for injecting nano particles and micron fly ash into the high-temperature furnace, and the injection directions of the nano particle injection system and the fly ash injection system are arranged oppositely.
Furthermore, the nanoparticle injection system comprises a nanoparticle spray pipe and a nanoparticle feeding unit, the fly ash injection system comprises a fly ash particle spray pipe and a fly ash feeding unit, and the discharge ends of the nanoparticle spray pipe and the fly ash particle spray pipe extend into the high-temperature hearth and are arranged in a hedging manner.
Furthermore, the nanoparticle feeding unit and the fly ash feeding unit both adopt fluidized bed feeding devices, and the corresponding fluidized bed feeding devices are respectively connected with the feeding ends of the nanoparticle spray pipe and the fly ash particle spray pipe.
Furthermore, the nanoparticle feeding unit comprises a first micro fluidized bed, the first micro fluidized bed is connected with a first mixing device through a first plunger pump, and the first mixing device is used for stirring and mixing the nanoparticles and water; the fly ash feeding unit comprises a second micro fluidized bed, the second micro fluidized bed is connected with a second mixing device through a second plunger pump, and the second mixing device is used for stirring and mixing fly ash particles and water.
Further, the nanoparticle injection system and the fly ash injection system are connected to an injection gas supply unit.
Furthermore, the blowing gas supply unit comprises an air compressor, a flow control device and a preheating device, and gas output by the air compressor is respectively conveyed to the nanoparticle injection system, the fly ash injection system and the high-temperature furnace chamber after passing through the flow control device and the preheating device.
Furthermore, the device also comprises an accumulated dust sampling unit, a smoke processing unit and a monitoring unit, wherein the accumulated dust sampling unit adopts a temperature-controllable accumulated dust sampling probe and is used for collecting the accumulated dust in the hearth; the smoke processing unit is used for condensing, dedusting and discharging the smoke generated by the high-temperature hearth; the monitoring unit comprises a high-speed camera for capturing the motion tracks of the nano-particles and the micro-fly ash particles.
The method for regulating and controlling the fly ash deposition layer of the invention is to introduce the nano particles into the high-temperature hearth so as to coat the surface of the high-alkali coal-fired fly ash with the nano particles.
Furthermore, the nano particles adopt SiO2、Al2O3、TiO2Or kaolin.
Furthermore, the surface of the high-alkali coal fly ash is coated with the nano-particles by means of impinging stream.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the device for regulating and controlling the fly ash deposition layer based on the impinging stream technology comprises a high-temperature hearth, a nano particle injection system and a fly ash injection system, wherein the nano particles are injected into the high-temperature hearth, so that the surfaces of the fly ash particles are coated with the nano particles, the structure and the composition of the fly ash deposition layer can be regulated and controlled, the surface viscosity of the fly ash deposition layer is reduced, and the purpose of obviously improving the ash deposition problem is finally achieved.
(2) According to the device for regulating and controlling the fly ash sedimentary layer based on the impinging stream technology, the fly ash is subjected to surface modification treatment by adopting the nano particles based on the impinging stream technology, the modification method has selectivity, the viscosity of high-viscosity fly ash can be effectively reduced, and then the sedimentary ash can be regulated and controlled in a targeted manner. Meanwhile, the invention combines the impinging stream technology and the fluidized bed technology to establish a set of complete measurement technology system, and monitors and evaluates the modification effect of the fly ash through the arrangement of the ash deposition sampling unit and the monitoring unit, so that the modification effect between the nano particles and the fly ash under different conditions (such as gas flow, temperature and the like) can be researched by adopting the system, so as to better solve the ash deposition problem of different coal. Meanwhile, the system is convenient to operate and can effectively improve the efficiency.
(3) According to the device for regulating and controlling the fly ash deposition layer based on the impinging stream technology, the injected gas supply unit comprises the air compressor, the flow control device and the preheating furnace, the flow of gas generated by the air compressor can be controlled through the flow control device, so that the flow of gas delivered to each part can be regulated and controlled conveniently, and the gas can be injected for heating and regulating and controlling the temperature of the gas through the arrangement of the preheating device.
(4) The device for regulating and controlling the fly ash sedimentary layer based on the impinging stream technology not only can solve the problem of development and utilization of high-alkali coal such as east Junggar coal, but also is beneficial to solving the problem of serious ash sedimentation in other fields, is different from any conventional control technology, shows remarkable innovativeness, has potential of further development and application, and has advantages in operation, cost and efficiency.
(5) According to the method for regulating and controlling the fly ash sedimentary deposit, the structure and the composition of the fly ash sedimentary deposit can be regulated and controlled by adopting the nano particles to modify the fly ash particles, the problem of ash deposition in the combustion application of high-alkali coal powder is effectively solved, and the modification effect of the fly ash particles can be effectively ensured by regulating the flow and the temperature of the injected gas, so that the application requirements of different types of coal are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for conditioning a fly ash deposit layer based on impinging stream technology according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the impact wall of fly ash and nanoparticles.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
1. a first mixing device; 2. a first plunger pump; 3. a first micro fluidized bed; 4. a high-temperature hearth; 5. a nanoparticle spray tube; 6. a fly ash particle spray pipe; 7. a second micro fluidized bed; 8. a second plunger pump; 9. a second mixing device; 10. a preheating device; 11. a flow control device; 12. an air compressor; 13. a temperature-controllable dust sampling probe; 14. a flue gas cooling device; 15. a dust removal device; 16. an induced draft fan; 17. high-speed cameras.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Based on the problem of ash accumulation on the heating surface of a boiler when high-alkali coal such as east Junggar coal is applied, the embodiment provides the method for regulating and controlling the fly ash deposition layer. The surface of the high-alkali coal fly ash is coated with the nano particles, so that the surface viscosity of the fly ash can be effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the structure and the composition of a fly ash deposition layer are regulated and controlled, and finally, the purpose of remarkably improving the ash deposition problem is achieved.
Example 2
Specifically, the method for regulating and controlling the fly ash deposition layer of the embodiment adopts the impinging stream technology to coat the surface of the high-alkali coal-fired fly ash with the nanoparticles, and the nanoparticles can be preferably SiO according to the situation2、Al2O3、TiO2Or kaolin.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, the device for regulating and controlling a fly ash deposition layer based on an impinging stream technology of this embodiment includes a high temperature furnace 4, a nanoparticle injection system and a fly ash injection system, where the nanoparticle injection system and the fly ash injection system are respectively used for injecting nanoparticles and micro fly ash into the high temperature furnace 4, and the injection directions of the nanoparticles and the micro fly ash are opposite. Specifically, the nanoparticle injection system comprises a nanoparticle spray pipe 5 and a nanoparticle feeding unit, the fly ash injection system comprises a fly ash particle spray pipe 6 and a fly ash feeding unit, and the discharge ends of the nanoparticle spray pipe 5 and the fly ash particle spray pipe 6 extend into the high-temperature furnace 4 and are arranged oppositely. The nano-particle feeding unit and the fly ash feeding unit are used for feeding nano-particles and fly ash respectively, and the nano-particles and the fly ash are sprayed into the high-temperature hearth 4 through the nano-particle spray pipe 5 and the fly ash particle spray pipe 6 in a hedging manner respectively, so that the surface modification of the fly ash particles is realized based on an impinging stream technology.
Example 4
The structure of the device for regulating and controlling the deposition layer of fly ash based on the impinging stream technology in this embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 3, and the difference is mainly that: in order to accurately control the concentration of the particles and ensure stable operation for a long time, the nanoparticle feeding unit and the fly ash feeding unit in this embodiment both use fluidized bed feeding devices, and the corresponding fluidized bed feeding devices are respectively connected to the feeding ends of the nanoparticle spraying pipe 5 and the fly ash spraying pipe 6. Specifically, the nanoparticle feeding unit comprises a first micro fluidized bed 3, the first micro fluidized bed 3 is connected with a first mixing device 1 through a first plunger pump 2, and the first mixing device 1 is used for stirring and mixing nanoparticles and water; the fly ash feeding unit comprises a second micro fluidized bed 7, the second micro fluidized bed 7 is connected with a second mixing device 9 through a second plunger pump 8, the second mixing device 9 is used for stirring and mixing fly ash particles and water, a nanoparticle injection system and a fly ash injection system are both connected with an injection gas supply unit, the injection gas supply unit provides primary fluidized air to the bottom of the fluidized bed on one hand, and provides secondary injection air flow to the interior of the injection pipe on the other hand.
The blowing gas supply unit of the embodiment includes an air compressor 12, a flow control device 11 and a preheating furnace 10, the flow of the gas delivered to each place can be controlled respectively by the flow control device 11, and the blowing gas can be preheated and the temperature of the blowing gas can be regulated and controlled by the preheating device 10. The temperature is an important factor influencing the adhesion of particles, the temperature is considered in the embodiment, the hearth is heated by adopting a silicon carbide rod, the highest designed temperature is controlled to be about 1300 ℃, and secondary carrying air enters the hearth after being preheated at the upper part of the hearth.
The device for regulating and controlling the fly ash deposition layer further comprises an accumulated ash sampling unit, a smoke dust processing unit and a monitoring unit, wherein the accumulated ash sampling unit adopts a temperature-controllable accumulated ash sampling probe 13 and is used for collecting the deposited ash in the hearth. As shown in fig. 2, there are three main categories of fly ash particles after modification by impinging streams: particles (a) that are completely free or minimally coated with nanoparticles, particles (b) that are completely or mostly coated with nanoparticles; a very small amount of nanoparticles (c). The particles will collide with the wall surface, deposit on the wall surface or bounce back, the particles will collide with the wall surface due to the difference of surface characteristics, the deposition tendency will be different significantly, and the structure and composition of the deposited ash will be changed correspondingly. Therefore, a temperature-controllable ash-collecting sampling probe is horizontally arranged at the lower part of the furnace to collect deposited ash, so that the temperature-controllable ash-collecting sampling probe can be used for evaluating the deposition characteristics of the fly ash under different impinging stream conditions. The smoke processing unit (comprising a smoke cooling device 14, a dust removal device 15 and a draught fan 16) is used for condensing, removing dust and discharging smoke generated by the high-temperature hearth 4; the monitoring unit comprises a high-speed camera 17 for capturing the motion trajectory of the nano-particles and the micro-fly ash particles. Specifically, an observation window is arranged on the side surface of the spray pipe so as to facilitate the measurement of the particle flow, and then a backlight source and a high-speed camera 17 form a measurement system to generate a narrow depth of field for 2D plane imaging, so that the motion track of the particles can be captured.
The specific principle of the embodiment is as follows: the nano particles and water are mixed in the first mixing device 1 through magnetic stirring, the fly ash particles and the water are mixed in the second mixing device 9, then the mixture of the particles and the water is quantitatively controlled to enter the first micro fluidized bed 3 and the second micro fluidized bed 7 through the first plunger pump 2 and the second plunger pump 8 respectively, a small amount of water can be rapidly evaporated, the nano particles and the fly ash particles respectively enter the nano particle spray pipe 5 and the fly ash particle spray pipe 6 under the carrying of primary fluidizing air and are sprayed into the hearth under the action of secondary spraying air flow, a certain position in the middle of the two spray pipes can form an impact surface, and in the interval, the micro particles and the nano particles are violently collided. As shown in fig. 2, the particles with high viscosity will be coated by the nanoparticles, while the particles with low viscosity may be only partially coated or not coated by the nanoparticles, so as to effectively reduce the deposition rate of the fly ash particles with high viscosity, and finally achieve the purpose of regulating and controlling the deposited layer. It should be noted that, for simplicity of explanation, only two nozzles are illustrated in fig. 1, but in practice, more nozzles and more flexible arrangement may be considered as necessary. There are many factors that affect the coating effect of the nanoparticles, such as the type, particle size and operating conditions (e.g., temperature, velocity, and nozzle arrangement). Due to the fact that the difference of physical and chemical properties of the fly ash particles generated by different fire coals is large, the device can simulate the modification of different fly ashes under different conditions (different temperatures and gas flows) and monitor the modification effect of the fly ash, and proper nanoparticles and optimal operation conditions are selected according to the actual effect, so that reliable prevention and control basis is provided for ash deposition in actual application of different types of fire coals.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for regulating fly ash deposition layer based on impinging stream technology, characterized in that: the device comprises a high-temperature furnace (4), a nano-particle injection system and a fly ash injection system, wherein the nano-particle injection system and the fly ash injection system are respectively used for injecting nano-particles and micron fly ash into the high-temperature furnace (4), and the injection directions of the nano-particle injection system and the fly ash injection system are opposite.
2. The device for conditioning fly ash deposits based on impinging stream technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the nano particle injection system comprises a nano particle spray pipe (5) and a nano particle feeding unit, the fly ash injection system comprises a fly ash particle spray pipe (6) and a fly ash feeding unit, and the discharge ends of the nano particle spray pipe (5) and the fly ash particle spray pipe (6) extend into the high-temperature furnace (4) and are arranged in a hedging mode.
3. The device for conditioning fly ash deposits based on impinging stream technology as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the nanoparticle feeding unit and the fly ash feeding unit both adopt fluidized bed feeding devices, and the corresponding fluidized bed feeding devices are respectively connected with the feeding ends of the nanoparticle spray pipe (5) and the fly ash particle spray pipe (6).
4. The device for conditioning fly ash deposits based on impinging stream technology as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the nanoparticle feeding unit comprises a first micro fluidized bed (3), the first micro fluidized bed (3) is connected with a first mixing device (1) through a first plunger pump (2), and the first mixing device (1) is used for stirring and mixing nanoparticles and water; the fly ash feeding unit comprises a second micro fluidized bed (7), the second micro fluidized bed (7) is connected with a second mixing device (9) through a second plunger pump (8), and the second mixing device (9) is used for stirring and mixing fly ash particles and water.
5. An apparatus for conditioning fly ash deposits based on impinging stream technology according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the nano particle injection system and the fly ash injection system are both connected with an injection gas supply unit.
6. The device for conditioning fly ash deposits based on impinging stream technology as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the blowing gas supply unit comprises an air compressor (12), a flow control device (11) and a preheating device (10), and gas output by the air compressor (12) is respectively conveyed to the nanoparticle injection system, the fly ash injection system and the high-temperature furnace chamber (4) after passing through the flow control device (11) and the preheating device (10).
7. An apparatus for conditioning fly ash deposits based on impinging stream technology according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the device also comprises an accumulated dust sampling unit, a smoke dust processing unit and a monitoring unit, wherein the accumulated dust sampling unit adopts a temperature-controllable accumulated dust sampling probe (13) and is used for collecting the accumulated dust in the hearth; the smoke processing unit is used for condensing, dedusting and discharging the smoke generated by the high-temperature hearth (4); the monitoring unit comprises a high-speed camera (17) for capturing the motion tracks of the nano-particles and the micro-fly ash particles.
8. A method for regulating and controlling a fly ash sedimentary deposit is characterized in that: and (3) introducing the nano particles into the high-temperature hearth (4) to coat the surface of the high-alkali coal fly ash with the nano particles.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the fly ash deposit conditioning step comprises: the nano particles adopt SiO2、Al2O3、TiO2Or kaolin.
10. A method of conditioning fly ash deposits according to claim 8 or 9, wherein: the surface of the high-alkali coal fly ash is coated with nano particles by means of impinging stream.
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