CN112176251A - 850 MPa-grade high-strength magnetic yoke steel plate with low internal stress and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
850 MPa-grade high-strength magnetic yoke steel plate with low internal stress and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/02—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
Abstract
The invention relates to a 850 MPa-grade high-strength yoke steel plate with low internal stress and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the yoke steel plate comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.081-0.158% of C; si is less than or equal to 0.13 percent; 1.22 to 1.70 percent of Mn; p is less than or equal to 0.012 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; 0.156 to 0.223 percent of Ti; 0.038-0.057% of Nb; 0.250 to 0.407 percent of Mo; b is 0.002 to 0.003 percent(ii) a 0.04 to 0.08 percent of Al; n is less than or equal to 0.008 percent, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities. The yield strength of the magnetic yoke steel plate provided by the invention is more than or equal to 865MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 933MPa, the elongation A is more than or equal to 12 percent, and the impact energy KV at 20 DEG C2More than or equal to 76J, magnetic induction performance B50 more than or equal to 1.62T, and unevenness less than 3 mm/m.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel manufacturing and mechanics, in particular to a 850 MPa-grade high-strength magnetic yoke steel plate with low internal stress and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The yoke steel is a key part in special key materials such as large hydroelectric generating sets and bears huge rotational inertia, so that the use safety of the hydraulic generator can be met only by requiring the yoke steel plate to have enough strength.
In the industrial production of metal materials, the problem of residual stress is very prominent, and various mechanical processes including extrusion, rolling, drawing, cutting, grinding, surface rolling, shot blasting, hammering, assembling and the like, or heat treatments such as welding, casting, quenching, tempering and the like can cause residual stress to occur in different degrees in metal products or workpieces.
In the production and manufacturing process of the yoke steel, because the strength is high, various processes such as extrusion, rolling and the like with high strength exist, the problem of residual stress is prominent, and therefore the problem of plate shape is easy to occur.
The assembly precision of the magnetic yoke steel in the generator is required to be less than five thousandth, and in order to ensure the balance and stability of a unit, three technical difficulties that the magnetic yoke plate has high dimensional precision, high strength, high precision and high magnetic flux constitute the magnetic yoke steel plate are required, especially the warpage deformation control of the magnetic yoke steel plate is the most strict, and the warpage deformation is directly related to the residual stress on the magnetic yoke steel product.
The actual yield of the existing magnetic yoke steel product is very low due to poor control of residual stress and plate shape, and the strength and magnetic induction performance of the existing magnetic yoke steel product can meet the requirements, but the residual stress level and the plate shape of the product are not controlled, so that the existing magnetic yoke steel product cannot adapt to and meet the requirements of a large hydroelectric engineering project generator; and the existing yoke steel products lack products with yield strength of more than 850MPa, and the products in the interval are the areas with the largest market quantity in the future, so that the 850 MPa-grade yoke steel plate with lower residual stress and higher unevenness level is urgently needed to be supplemented.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the yield strength is more than or equal to 865MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 933MPa, the elongation A is more than or equal to 12 percent, and the impact energy KV at 20 ℃ is provided2A yoke steel plate with low internal stress and magnetic induction performance B50 of more than or equal to 76J, less than or equal to 1.62T and unevenness of less than 3mm/m and a manufacturing method thereof.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the invention provides a 850 MPa-grade high-strength magnetic yoke steel plate with low internal stress, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 0.081-0.158% of C; si is less than or equal to 0.13 percent; 1.22 to 1.70 percent of Mn; p is less than or equal to 0.012 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; 0.156 to 0.223 percent of Ti; 0.038-0.057% of Nb; 0.250 to 0.407 percent of Mo; 0.002-0.003% of B; 0.04 to 0.08 percent of Al; n is less than or equal to 0.008 percent, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
The yoke steel plate provided by the invention comprises the following components:
carbon (C): carbon is an important element affecting strength, hardness, toughness and hardenability, and is also the most important element affecting the microstructure of steel. The strength of the steel is increased and the impact toughness is reduced along with the increase of the carbon content, but the carbon content is too high, so that the carbide content in the steel is too much, and the stress is easily uneven in the heat treatment process, so that the C content is limited to 0.081-0.158%.
Silicon (Si): it is used as a reducing agent and a deoxidizing agent in the steel-making process. Since silicon is a non-carbide-forming element and exists in the form of a solid solution in ferrite or austenite, it can strengthen ferrite, improve the strength and hardness of steel, and at the same time, reduce the critical cooling rate of steel, and improve the hardenability of steel. Si can also improve the tempering stability and the oxidation resistance of steel, has extremely strong effect of improving the strength of solid solution in the steel and the cold working deformation hardening rate, is second to phosphorus, and simultaneously reduces the toughness and the plasticity of the steel to a certain degree; in addition, silicon gives the steel a ribbon-like structure, making the transverse properties of the steel lower than the longitudinal properties. However, if the silicon content is too high, massive ferrite occurs, which causes the toughness of the steel to be lowered and quench cracking to easily occur, and also causes the retained austenite to be significantly increased, which causes the hardness of the steel to be lowered. When the content of silicon is high, Fe3C may be decomposed to release C and exist in a graphite state, i.e., a so-called graphitization effect. Therefore, in order to ensure the surface quality of the yoke steel, the content of Si is less than or equal to 0.13 percent.
Manganese (Mn): mn can improve the strength of steel by solid solution strengthening, and is the most economical strengthening element that compensates for the loss of strength after the C content is reduced. Mn can also reduce the phase transformation temperature of gamma → alpha by expanding a gamma phase region, expand a hot working temperature range, be beneficial to refining ferrite grain size and improve the strength and toughness of steel, so the Mn content of the invention is set to be 1.22-1.70%.
Phosphorus (P): p is easy to precipitate in the steel and form Fe3P, thereby reducing the impact toughness and the magnetic induction performance of the steel and increasing the difference of residual stress between the zones, and the invention has higher requirements on strength, toughness and product unevenness, so the P content of the invention is controlled below 0.012 percent.
Sulfur (S): the S in the steel and Mn can form a plastic inclusion MnS, and the MnS extending along the rolling direction in the rolling process can easily form a strip-shaped structure in the steel, reduce the impact toughness of the steel and weaken the stress distribution uniformity. In the present invention, since the toughness and the unevenness of the steel are required to be high, the S content is controlled to 0.005% or less.
Titanium (Ti): the strength of the steel is improved by refining grains and strengthening precipitation of titanium, the titanium generates dispersed TiN particles under the condition of continuous casting cooling, the growth of the grains can be obviously inhibited in a welding heat affected zone due to the high melting point of the titanium, and the toughness of the heat affected zone can be obviously improved by adding trace titanium. Therefore, the Ti content is controlled to be 0.156-0.223% in the invention.
Niobium (Nb): the strengthening effect of niobium on steel is mainly fine grain strengthening and dispersion strengthening, and niobium can form stable carbides and carbonitrides with carbon nitride in steel, and can also disperse the carbides and form steel with fine grain. Therefore, the Nb content is controlled to be 0.038-0.057%.
Molybdenum (Mo): mo exists in the form of a solid solution phase and a carbide phase in steel, which can reduce the critical cooling rate, promote martensite formation, and improve the hardenability of steel. Molybdenum can form MoC with C, improve the hardness of the steel, strengthen the matrix through solid solution strengthening, improve the density of a hardening phase, improve the stability of carbide and generate favorable effect on the strength of the steel. Therefore, the Mo content is controlled to be 0.250-0.407%.
Boron (B): trace boron can be adsorbed on austenite grain boundaries, so that the energy of the grain boundaries is reduced, and the hardenability of the steel is improved. Therefore, the content of B in the invention is controlled to be 0.002-0.003%.
Aluminum (Al): aluminum is a commonly used deoxidizer in steel. A small amount of aluminum is added into the steel, so that crystal grains can be refined, and the impact toughness is improved. Therefore, the Al content is controlled to be 0.04-0.08%.
Nitrogen (N): n belongs to normal residue in converter steel, can be combined with titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) in the steel to form TiN and NbN precipitation, and plays roles in inhibiting austenite growth and precipitation strengthening. Therefore, the N content is controlled below 0.008 percent.
A second aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the above-described high-strength yoke steel sheet of level 850MPa having low internal stress, characterized by comprising the steps of:
1) uniformly mixing the components according to the weight percentage to form molten steel, carrying out molten iron desulphurization, converter top and bottom combined blowing and vacuum treatment on the molten steel, then pouring the molten steel into a plate blank, and stacking and slowly cooling the plate blank for more than 24 hours;
2) heating the plate blank at 1295-1355 ℃ for soaking for 130-180 min;
3) carrying out rough rolling, and controlling the finish temperature of the rough rolling to be not lower than 1110 ℃;
4) performing finish rolling, wherein the reduction rate of F1 and F2 passes is 50%, the reduction rate of F7 is 35-40%, and the final rolling temperature is controlled to be 830-869 ℃;
5) carrying out laminar cooling, wherein the flowing water ratio of the upper layer to the lower layer is 1: 1.18-1: 1.20 during cooling, the cooling speed is 70-85 ℃/s, and the final cooling temperature of cooling is 521-550 ℃;
6) and coiling;
7) leveling and straightening;
8) and testing residual stress, if the mean value of the stress is less than 64MPa and the standard deviation of the stress is less than 51MPa, transversely cutting the steel plate into a magnetic yoke steel plate, if the mean value of the stress is not more than 64MPa, performing secondary flattening and straightening, and repeating the steps 7) and 8).
The manufacturing method is characterized in that the fluctuation target of the liquid level of the crystallizer is controlled within the range of-4.5 to +4.5mm during the casting in the step 1), the superheat degree is controlled within the range of 16 to 24 ℃ during the casting process, and the casting pulling speed is kept stable.
According to the invention, slabs are stacked and slowly cooled for more than 24h, then are loaded in a furnace for heating, self-coordination between plates is promoted through long-time slow cooling, uneven stress between the plates is reduced, the stress between the plates is more uniform through sufficient soaking, the growth of original austenite grains is further promoted, the alloy is sufficiently dissolved in solid, the recrystallization proportion of the austenite grains is improved through large F1 and F2 reduction, so that fine original grains are provided, and the effect of refining ferrite grains through large deformation in a non-recrystallization region is achieved by matching with low F7 reduction. Furthermore, because the steel grade of the invention has higher strength and is easy to warp back and forth in the cooling process, the water flow ratio of the upper layer and the lower layer is controlled to reach the range of 1: 1.18-1: 1.20, so that the water quantity of the lower layer is higher than that of the upper layer, the actual cooling effect of the upper surface and the lower surface is consistent due to the water quantity falling back from the dead weight and the difference of the stacking effect of the water of the upper layer, the residual stress difference caused by uneven cooling is reduced, and the residual stress between the plates is redistributed through yield straightening subsequently, thereby further reducing the overall level of the residual stress.
Research shows that if the mean value of stress in the steel plate is higher, the cracking failure risk of the product is higher; if the standard deviation of the stress is larger, the stress difference between the plates is large, and deformation and warping are easy to occur due to the stress rebalancing process when stress is applied or a product is divided.
A large number of tests prove that the cracking expectation can be effectively controlled when the stress mean value is controlled to be less than 64MPa, and a large number of previous researches show that the hydrogen embrittlement cracking risk is obviously aggravated when the strength of steel is higher than 800MPa, and the hydrogen embrittlement cracking risk of the product is higher than that of similar steel with the yield strength of below 800MPa because the product is ultrahigh-strength steel with the yield strength of above 850MPa, so that the residual stress mean value needs to be strictly controlled; meanwhile, when the standard deviation of the stress is controlled within the range of less than 51MPa, the unevenness of the plate can be ensured within 3mm/m, so that the unexpected deformation of the steel plate caused by residual stress in the secondary processing, namely cutting and forming processes can be effectively inhibited.
The flatness of the magnetic yoke steel product and the residual stress deformation amount in the forming and processing process of a customer are ensured through the residual stress test.
The manufacturing method also has the characteristics that the fluctuation target of the liquid level of the crystallizer is controlled within the range of-4.5 to +4.5mm during the casting in the step 1), the superheat degree is controlled within the range of 16 to 24 ℃ during the casting process, and the casting pulling speed is kept stable.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned scheme is:
the yield strength of the magnetic yoke steel plate provided by the invention is more than or equal to 865MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 933MPa, the elongation A is more than or equal to 12 percent, and the impact energy KV at 20 DEG C2The magnetic yoke steel is more than or equal to 76J, the magnetic induction performance B50 is more than or equal to 1.62T, the unevenness is less than 3mm/m, and the requirements of high-precision and high-magnetic induction performance of the super-huge type hydraulic generator rotor with high unit capacity can be met.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for manufacturing a high-strength yoke steel plate with low internal stress and 850MPa level, which comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing the components according to the weight percentage to form molten steel, carrying out molten iron desulphurization, converter top and bottom combined blowing and vacuum treatment on the molten steel, then pouring the molten steel into a plate blank, and stacking and slowly cooling the plate blank for more than 24 hours;
2) heating the plate blank at 1295-1355 ℃ for soaking for 130-180 min;
3) carrying out rough rolling, and controlling the finish temperature of the rough rolling to be not lower than 1110 ℃;
4) performing finish rolling, wherein the reduction rate of F1 and F2 passes is 50%, the reduction rate of F7 is 35-40%, and the final rolling temperature is controlled to be 830-869 ℃;
5) carrying out laminar cooling, wherein the flowing water ratio of the upper layer to the lower layer is 1: 1.18-1: 1.20 during cooling, the cooling speed is 70-85 ℃/s, and the final cooling temperature of cooling is 521-550 ℃;
6) coiling (referred to as large plates in the industry);
7) leveling and straightening;
8) testing residual stress, and if the mean value of the stress is less than 64MPa and the standard deviation of the stress is less than 51MPa, transversely cutting the stress into a magnetic yoke steel plate (called a small plate in the industry, and subsequent operations such as corresponding turning and cutting can be carried out on the small plate in the subsequent process), and if the mean value of the stress is not more than 64MPa, carrying out secondary flattening and straightening and repeating the steps 7) and 8);
wherein, the components and the weight percentage content are as follows: 0.081-0.158% of C; si is less than or equal to 0.13 percent; 1.22 to 1.70 percent of Mn; p is less than or equal to 0.012 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; 0.156 to 0.223 percent of Ti; 0.038-0.057% of Nb; 0.250 to 0.407 percent of Mo; 0.002-0.003% of B; 0.04 to 0.08 percent of Al; n is less than or equal to 0.008 percent, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
The components of examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 4 of the present invention are shown in the following table:
the main process parameters and properties in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are shown in the following table:
the properties of the yoke steel sheets obtained in the above examples and comparative examples are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, the yoke steel plate (small plate) obtained by each proportional transverse cutting has a large residual stress, so it is expected that when the yoke steel plate is subjected to subsequent corresponding turning and cutting operations, the product is prone to unexpected deformation due to the processes of residual stress release and internal stress rebalancing, and thus the product yield is low; correspondingly, the residual stress level provided by each embodiment of the application is obviously lower, and the stress release in the subsequent secondary processing process is not obvious, so that the processing deformation can be effectively controlled.
Through a large number of tests, the invention discovers that when the small plate is cut transversely into small plates, if the mean value of the internal stress of the small plate is less than 64MPa and the standard deviation of the stress is less than 51MPa, the size of the small plate is reduced and the stress in the mechanism is rebalanced, the residual stress can be further released, so that the mean value and the standard deviation of the residual stress in the subsequent small plates are still in the standard range, and the processing quality in subsequent processing is ensured.
The invention can realize good matching of high precision, high strength and high magnetic induction by proper component process control, namely the yield strength is more than or equal to 865MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 933MPa, the elongation A is more than or equal to 12 percent, and the impact energy KV at 20 ℃ is more than or equal to KV2The magnetic induction performance B50 is more than or equal to 76J, more than or equal to 1.62T, and the unevenness is less than 3mm/m, so that the requirements of high-strength and high-magnetic-induction-performance steel for the large-scale hydraulic generator rotor yoke steel with high unit capacity can be met.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A850 MPa-grade high-strength magnetic yoke steel plate with low internal stress is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 0.081-0.158% of C; si is less than or equal to 0.13 percent; 1.22 to 1.70 percent of Mn; p is less than or equal to 0.012 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.005 percent; 0.156 to 0.223 percent of Ti; 0.038-0.057% of Nb; 0.250 to 0.407 percent of Mo; 0.002-0.003% of B; 0.04 to 0.08 percent of Al; n is less than or equal to 0.008 percent, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. A method for manufacturing a high strength yoke steel plate of 850MPa grade having low internal stress according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) uniformly mixing the components according to the weight percentage to form molten steel, carrying out molten iron desulphurization, converter top and bottom combined blowing and vacuum treatment on the molten steel, then pouring the molten steel into a plate blank, and stacking and slowly cooling the plate blank for more than 24 hours;
2) heating the plate blank at 1295-1355 ℃ for soaking for 130-180 min;
3) carrying out rough rolling, and controlling the finish temperature of the rough rolling to be not lower than 1110 ℃;
4) performing finish rolling, wherein the reduction rate of F1 and F2 passes is 50%, the reduction rate of F7 is 35-40%, and the final rolling temperature is controlled to be 830-869 ℃;
5) carrying out laminar cooling, wherein the flowing water ratio of the upper layer to the lower layer is 1: 1.18-1: 1.20 during cooling, the cooling speed is 70-85 ℃/s, and the final cooling temperature of cooling is 521-550 ℃;
6) and coiling;
7) leveling and straightening;
8) and testing residual stress, if the mean value of the stress is less than 64MPa and the standard deviation of the stress is less than 51MPa, transversely cutting the steel plate into a magnetic yoke steel plate, if the mean value of the stress is not more than 64MPa, performing secondary flattening and straightening, and repeating the steps 7) and 8).
3. The manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein the fluctuation target of the crystallizer liquid level during the casting in the step 1) is controlled within a range of-4.5 to +4.5mm, the degree of superheat is controlled within a range of 16 to 24 ℃ during the casting, and the casting pulling speed is kept stable.
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| JP2018154876A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-10-04 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | Ferritic stainless steel and spacer |
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- 2020-09-21 CN CN202010992765.3A patent/CN112176251A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1948517A (en) * | 2005-10-15 | 2007-04-18 | 鞍钢集团新钢铁有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of cold rolling electric steel special for compressor |
| CN101844162A (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2010-09-29 | 首钢总公司 | Method for removing residual stress of hot-rolling high-strength steel |
| CN103451533A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2013-12-18 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Hot-rolled magnetic yoke steel with yield strength not less than 800Mpa and production method thereof |
| CN105112815A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2015-12-02 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Super-thick pipeline steel plate with excellent low-temperature toughness and production method |
| JP2018154876A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-10-04 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | Ferritic stainless steel and spacer |
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