CN112175400A - High-strength fully-degradable film and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength fully-degradable film and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength fully-degradable film and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of preparation of high polymer materials. A high-strength fully degradable film comprises a generation layer and a strengthening layer, wherein the generation layer mainly comprises the following components: cellulose acetate, polycarbonate resin, polyethylene terephthalate, diatomite, soy protein isolate, polylactide, polystyrene and a strengthening layer mainly comprise the following components: crosslinking agents, flame retardants and heat stabilizers; according to the invention, the obtained modified soybean protein, the cross-linking agent, the flame retardant, the heat stabilizer and other raw materials are mixed, then cross-linked and coated to prepare the degradable packaging film, so that the obtained degradable packaging film has good mechanical strength and water resistance, is wide in application range, low in cost, green and environment-friendly, has good environmental benefit and economic benefit, and the cellulose acetate fibers connect the clay to form a whole, and then the transparent film is prepared through hot pressing and other steps, so that the degradation speed and the pollution-free characteristic of the film are enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of high polymer materials, in particular to a high-strength fully-degradable film and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The bio-based material is a novel material and chemicals and the like which are manufactured by using renewable biomass such as grains, leguminous plants, straws, bamboo wood powder and the like as raw materials, comprises basic bio-based chemicals such as biological alcohol, organic acid, alkane, olefin and the like obtained in the processes of biosynthesis, biological processing and biorefinery, and also comprises plastic materials and the like obtained by performing thermoplastic processing on bio-based plastics, bio-based fibers, sugar engineering products, bio-based rubber and biomass. The bio-based materials are gradually becoming the leading industry of scientific and technological innovation and economic development in the world due to the characteristics of green, environment-friendly, resource saving and the like. Among them, polylactic acid as an environment-friendly material is most characterized by its degradability and biocompatibility, and in addition, polylactic acid has excellent post-processability, transparency and gas barrier property, but polylactic acid material also has some defects including slow crystallization speed, poor heat resistance, poor impact resistance and the like, which limit the wide application of polylactic acid
Plastics include synthetic and semi-synthetic polymers composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which are widely used because of their ready availability, high strength, light weight, and toughness, and the amount of waste generated therefrom is also very large. The random disposal of plastic results in serious water and soil contamination. Among them, polyethylene is widely used in the manufacture of plastic bags, milk containers, beverage bottles, food packaging films, toys, irrigation water pipes, etc., and is the most common solid waste, accounting for about 60% of the total plastic bag yield. Polyethylene is not easily degraded due to its large molecular weight, hydrophobic nature and no biodegradable functional groups, and can exist stably in natural environment for a long time. Therefore, unlimited free disposal can lead to serious environmental pollution. The recycling is a method for solving the problem of environmental pollution of plastic wastes, at present, the main problem in the plastic recycling is that the plastic waste is difficult to separate from other degradable solid wastes, and the performance of the recycled product cannot meet the requirements, so that the application range is limited, and the economic benefit generated by recycling is not obvious; incineration disposal can cause serious environmental problems. The existing plastic produced by natural degradable high molecular material has the problems of high cost and insufficient strength, so that the development of a novel plastic product with low cost and strong mechanical property and degradation property is the best method for solving plastic pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that the film is not easy to degrade and has lower strength and mechanical property in the prior art, and provides a high-strength fully-degradable film and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high strength fully degradable film comprising a generative layer and a strengthening layer, the generative layer consisting essentially of the following components: cellulose acetate; a polycarbonate resin; polyethylene terephthalate; diatomaceous earth; soy protein isolate; a polylactide; polystyrene; the strengthening layer mainly comprises the following components: a crosslinking agent; a flame retardant; a heat stabilizer.
Preferably, the generation layer mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3-8 parts of cellulose acetate; 2-11 parts of polycarbonate resin; 4-6 parts of polyethylene terephthalate; 1-3 parts of diatomite; 5-14 parts of soybean protein isolate; 4-8 parts of polylactide; 2-9 parts of polystyrene; the reinforcing layer mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4-16 parts of a cross-linking agent; 2-5 of a flame retardant; and 3-6 parts of a heat stabilizer.
Preferably, the cross-linking agent is specifically nano clay and acetobacter.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the nano clay to the acetobacter is 1: 2-6.
Preferably, the flame retardant is talc powder.
Preferably, the heat stabilizer is one of calcium stearate and calcium ricinoleate.
A preparation method of a high-strength fully-degradable film comprises the following steps:
s1: removing dust and oil stains on the substrate, and drying;
s2: mixing a cross-linking agent, a flame retardant and a heat stabilizer under certain conditions, and spraying the mixture on a substrate in S1;
s3: mixing cellulose acetate, polycarbonate resin, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, diatomite, polylactide and polystyrene according to a proportion to obtain a base solution;
s4: under certain treatment conditions, mixing the solution prepared by the isolated soy protein with the base solution prepared in S2 to obtain a molding solution;
s5: coating the forming liquid in the step S3 on the substrate in the step S1 by a spraying method to obtain a basic film;
s6: mixing the cross-linking agent, the flame retardant and the heat stabilizer under a certain condition, and spraying the mixture on the surface of the basic film in S5;
s7: and (5) placing the base film sprayed in the S6 in a water vapor environment for full reaction.
Preferably, the treatment conditions in the steps S2 and S6 are treatment at a pressure of 0.3 to 1.7MPa for 15 to 35 minutes.
Preferably, the spraying method in steps S2, S5 and S6 is one of a magnetron sputtering method, a vacuum evaporation method and an ion plating method.
Preferably, the reaction time in the step S7 is 5 to 12 minutes, and the pressure is 1.1 to 2.8 MPa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a high-strength fully-degradable film and a preparation method thereof, and the high-strength fully-degradable film has the following beneficial effects:
1. the high-strength fully degradable film and the preparation method thereof are characterized in that the soybean albumin is subjected to solution grafting modification by microcrystalline cellulose of calcium stearate, cellulose acetate and polyethylene glycol terephthalate, styrene is added for polymerization reaction to obtain modified soybean albumin composite liquid, the toughness of the soybean protein is improved by grafting of the microcrystalline cellulose and the soybean protein, the water resistance of the soybean albumin is improved by polylactide, and the obtained modified soybean protein is mixed with raw materials such as a cross-linking agent, a flame retardant, a heat stabilizer and the like, and then is subjected to cross-linking and film coating to prepare the degradable packaging film.
2. The high-strength full-degradable film and the preparation method thereof are characterized in that acetic acid bacillus and nano-clay turbid liquid in a culture substrate pass through a high-pressure nozzle, nano-clay aerosol can be formed after the turbid liquid passes through the nozzle, cellulose generated by the acetic acid bacillus and the clay are connected by the acetic acid fiber to form a whole, and then the transparent film is prepared through steps of hot pressing and the like, so that the degradation speed and the pollution-free characteristic of the film are enhanced.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
Example 1:
a high-strength fully-degradable film comprises a generation layer and a strengthening layer, wherein the generation layer mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cellulose acetate 3; a polycarbonate resin 2; polyethylene terephthalate 4; 1 part of diatomite; soy protein isolate 5; polylactide 4; 2 parts of polystyrene; the strengthening layer mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: a crosslinking agent 4; a flame retardant 2; and (3) a heat stabilizer.
The cross-linking agent is specifically nano clay and acetobacter in a mass ratio of 1:2, the flame retardant is specifically talcum powder, and the heat stabilizer is one of calcium stearate and calcium ricinoleate.
A preparation method of a high-strength fully-degradable film comprises the following steps:
s1: removing dust and oil stains on the substrate, and drying;
s2: mixing a cross-linking agent, a flame retardant and a heat stabilizer under certain conditions, and spraying the mixture on a substrate in S1;
s3: mixing cellulose acetate, polycarbonate resin, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, diatomite, polylactide and polystyrene according to a proportion to obtain a base solution;
s4: under certain treatment conditions, mixing the solution prepared by the isolated soy protein with the base solution prepared in S2 to obtain a molding solution;
s5: coating the forming liquid in the step S3 on the substrate in the step S1 by a spraying method to obtain a basic film;
s6: mixing the cross-linking agent, the flame retardant and the heat stabilizer under a certain condition, and spraying the mixture on the surface of the basic film in S5;
s7: and (5) placing the base film sprayed in the S6 in a water vapor environment for full reaction.
The processing conditions in the steps S2 and S6 are that the processing is carried out under the pressure of 0.3-1.7Mpa for 15-35 minutes, the spraying method in the steps S2, S5 and S6 is one of a magnetron sputtering method, a vacuum evaporation method and ion plating, the reaction time in the step S7 is 5-12 minutes, and the pressure is 1.1-2.8 Mpa.
According to the invention, the soybean albumin is subjected to solution grafting modification by the microcrystalline cellulose of calcium stearate, cellulose acetate and polyethylene glycol terephthalate, styrene is added for polymerization reaction to obtain modified soybean albumin composite liquid, the toughness of the soybean protein is improved by grafting the microcrystalline cellulose and the soybean protein, the water resistance of the soybean albumin is improved by polylactide, the obtained modified soybean protein is mixed with raw materials such as a cross-linking agent, a flame retardant and a heat stabilizer and then is subjected to cross-linking and film coating to prepare the degradable packaging film, so that the obtained degradable packaging film has good mechanical strength and water resistance, is wide in application range, low in cost, green and environment-friendly, and has good environmental benefit and economic benefit.
The acetobacter and the nano-clay turbid liquid in the culture substrate pass through a high-pressure nozzle, the turbid liquid can form nano-clay aerosol after passing through the nozzle, cellulose generated by the acetobacter and cellulose generated by the acetate fiber are used for connecting the clay to form a whole, and then the transparent film is prepared through steps of hot pressing and the like, so that the degradation speed and the pollution-free characteristic of the film are enhanced.
Example 2:
a high-strength fully-degradable film comprises a generation layer and a strengthening layer, wherein the generation layer mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cellulose acetate 5; 8.5 parts of polycarbonate resin; polyethylene terephthalate 5; 2 parts of diatomite; 7.5 of soybean protein isolate; polylactide 6; 6 parts of polystyrene; the strengthening layer mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: a crosslinking agent 12; a flame retardant 3; and a heat stabilizer 4.
The cross-linking agent is specifically nano clay and acetobacter in a mass ratio of 1:4, the flame retardant is specifically talcum powder, and the heat stabilizer is one of calcium stearate and calcium ricinoleate.
A preparation method of a high-strength fully-degradable film comprises the following steps:
s1: removing dust and oil stains on the substrate, and drying;
s2: mixing a cross-linking agent, a flame retardant and a heat stabilizer under certain conditions, and spraying the mixture on a substrate in S1;
s3: mixing cellulose acetate, polycarbonate resin, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, diatomite, polylactide and polystyrene according to a proportion to obtain a base solution;
s4: under certain treatment conditions, mixing the solution prepared by the isolated soy protein with the base solution prepared in S2 to obtain a molding solution;
s5: coating the forming liquid in the step S3 on the substrate in the step S1 by a spraying method to obtain a basic film;
s6: mixing the cross-linking agent, the flame retardant and the heat stabilizer under a certain condition, and spraying the mixture on the surface of the basic film in S5;
s7: and (5) placing the base film sprayed in the S6 in a water vapor environment for full reaction.
The processing conditions in the steps S2 and S6 are that the processing is carried out under the pressure of 0.3-1.7Mpa for 15-35 minutes, the spraying method in the steps S2, S5 and S6 is one of a magnetron sputtering method, a vacuum evaporation method and ion plating, the reaction time in the step S7 is 5-12 minutes, and the pressure is 1.1-2.8 Mpa.
The preparation method comprises the steps of carrying out solution grafting modification on soybean albumin by microcrystalline cellulose of calcium stearate, cellulose acetate and polyethylene glycol terephthalate, adding styrene for polymerization reaction to obtain modified soybean albumin composite liquid, improving the toughness of the soybean protein by grafting the microcrystalline cellulose and the soybean protein, improving the water resistance of the soybean albumin by polylactide, mixing the obtained modified soybean protein with raw materials such as a cross-linking agent, a flame retardant, a heat stabilizer and the like, and then carrying out cross-linking and film coating to prepare the degradable packaging film, so that the obtained degradable packaging film has good mechanical strength and water resistance, is wide in application range, low in cost, green and environment-friendly, and has good environmental benefit and economic benefit.
The acetobacter and the nano-clay turbid liquid in the culture substrate pass through a high-pressure nozzle, the turbid liquid can form nano-clay aerosol after passing through the nozzle, cellulose generated by the acetobacter and cellulose generated by the acetate fiber are used for connecting the clay to form a whole, and then the transparent film is prepared through steps of hot pressing and the like, so that the degradation speed and the pollution-free characteristic of the film are enhanced.
Example 3:
a high-strength fully-degradable film comprises a generation layer and a strengthening layer, wherein the generation layer mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cellulose acetate 8; a polycarbonate resin 11; polyethylene terephthalate 6; 3, diatomite; soy protein isolate 14; polylactide 8; polystyrene 9; the strengthening layer mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: a crosslinking agent 16; a flame retardant 5; and a heat stabilizer 6.
The cross-linking agent is specifically nano clay and acetobacter in a mass ratio of 1:6, the flame retardant is specifically talcum powder, and the heat stabilizer is one of calcium stearate and calcium ricinoleate.
A preparation method of a high-strength fully-degradable film comprises the following steps:
s1: removing dust and oil stains on the substrate, and drying;
s2: mixing a cross-linking agent, a flame retardant and a heat stabilizer under certain conditions, and spraying the mixture on a substrate in S1;
s3: mixing cellulose acetate, polycarbonate resin, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, diatomite, polylactide and polystyrene according to a proportion to obtain a base solution;
s4: under certain treatment conditions, mixing the solution prepared by the isolated soy protein with the base solution prepared in S2 to obtain a molding solution;
s5: coating the forming liquid in the step S3 on the substrate in the step S1 by a spraying method to obtain a basic film;
s6: mixing the cross-linking agent, the flame retardant and the heat stabilizer under a certain condition, and spraying the mixture on the surface of the basic film in S5;
s7: and (5) placing the base film sprayed in the S6 in a water vapor environment for full reaction.
The processing conditions in the steps S2 and S6 are that the processing is carried out under the pressure of 0.3-1.7Mpa for 15-35 minutes, the spraying method in the steps S2, S5 and S6 is one of a magnetron sputtering method, a vacuum evaporation method and ion plating, the reaction time in the step S7 is 5-12 minutes, and the pressure is 1.1-2.8 Mpa.
The preparation method comprises the steps of carrying out solution grafting modification on soybean albumin by microcrystalline cellulose of calcium stearate, cellulose acetate and polyethylene glycol terephthalate, adding styrene for polymerization reaction to obtain modified soybean albumin composite liquid, improving the toughness of the soybean protein by grafting the microcrystalline cellulose and the soybean protein, improving the water resistance of the soybean albumin by polylactide, mixing the obtained modified soybean protein with raw materials such as a cross-linking agent, a flame retardant, a heat stabilizer and the like, and then carrying out cross-linking and film coating to prepare the degradable packaging film, so that the obtained degradable packaging film has good mechanical strength and water resistance, is wide in application range, low in cost, green and environment-friendly, and has good environmental benefit and economic benefit.
The acetobacter and the nano-clay turbid liquid in the culture substrate pass through a high-pressure nozzle, the turbid liquid can form nano-clay aerosol after passing through the nozzle, cellulose generated by the acetobacter and cellulose generated by the acetate fiber are used for connecting the clay to form a whole, and then the transparent film is prepared through steps of hot pressing and the like, so that the degradation speed and the pollution-free characteristic of the film are enhanced.
The film products obtained in examples 1-3 were tested for mechanical properties and tensile strength according to GB/T1040.3-2006 using a universal testing machine at a test speed of 10mm/min, the results are given in Table I:
mechanical properties of the film
| Test items | Tensile strength/MPa | Elongation at break/% |
| Example 1 | 34.65 | 289.74 |
| Example 2 | 38.02 | 312.52 |
| Example 3 | 36.82 | 300.62 |
Light degradation Performance testing of the film articles obtained in examples 1-3, in air at room temperature, in a UV light box (130 cm. times.45 cm. times.20 cm) reactor, 6 UV lamps (center wavelength 340nm, UVA340, Q-labCo.), test specimens cut into disks of 10cm diameter, the distance between the specimen and the UV lamps being 5cm, the intensity of the UV lamps being 14mW/cm2. The infrared spectrum of the sample was measured by a Nexus870 type Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (NICOLET Co., USA), and the carbonyl finger was calculated according to the following formulaCI-A1720 cm-1/A1465cm-1, the results are shown in Table two:
photodegradability of epi-II film
The landfill weight loss performance test of the film obtained in the embodiment 1-3 is carried out according to the degradation performance of the GB/T20197-2006 film, and the results are shown in the third table:
landfill weight loss performance test of the three films
| Test items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| The landfill weight loss is 30 days | 19 | 24 | 21 |
| 60 days, the landfill weight loss is high | 41 | 49 | 39 |
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-strength fully degradable film is characterized by comprising a generation layer and a strengthening layer, wherein the generation layer mainly comprises the following components:
cellulose acetate;
a polycarbonate resin;
polyethylene terephthalate;
diatomaceous earth;
soy protein isolate;
a polylactide;
polystyrene;
the strengthening layer mainly comprises the following components:
a crosslinking agent;
a flame retardant;
a heat stabilizer.
2. The high-strength fully degradable film according to claim 1, wherein the generating layer mainly comprises the following components by mass percent:
3-8 parts of cellulose acetate;
2-11 parts of polycarbonate resin;
4-6 parts of polyethylene terephthalate;
1-3 parts of diatomite;
5-14 parts of soybean protein isolate;
4-8 parts of polylactide;
2-9 parts of polystyrene;
the reinforcing layer mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
4-16 parts of a cross-linking agent;
2-5 of a flame retardant;
and 3-6 parts of a heat stabilizer.
3. The high-strength fully degradable film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross-linking agent is selected from nano clay and acetobacter.
4. The high-strength fully degradable film as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the nano clay to the acetobacter is 1: 2-6.
5. The high-strength fully degradable film according to claim 4 wherein said flame retardant is talc.
6. The high strength fully degradable film according to claim 5 wherein said heat stabilizer is one of calcium stearate and calcium ricinoleate.
7. The preparation method of the high-strength fully-degradable film is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: removing dust and oil stains on the substrate, and drying;
s2: mixing a cross-linking agent, a flame retardant and a heat stabilizer under certain conditions, and spraying the mixture on a substrate in S1;
s3: mixing cellulose acetate, polycarbonate resin, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, diatomite, polylactide and polystyrene according to a proportion to obtain a base solution;
s4: under certain treatment conditions, mixing the solution prepared by the isolated soy protein with the base solution prepared in S2 to obtain a molding solution;
s5: coating the forming liquid in the step S3 on the substrate in the step S1 by a spraying method to obtain a basic film;
s6: mixing the cross-linking agent, the flame retardant and the heat stabilizer under a certain condition, and spraying the mixture on the surface of the basic film in S5;
s7: and (5) placing the base film sprayed in the S6 in a water vapor environment for full reaction.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the processing conditions in the steps S2 and S6 are 15-35 minutes under a pressure of 0.3-1.7 MPa.
9. The method for preparing a high-strength fully degradable film according to claim 8, wherein the spraying method in steps S2, S5 and S6 is one of magnetron sputtering, vacuum evaporation and ion plating.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the reaction time of step S7 is 5-12 minutes, and the pressure is 1.1-2.8 Mpa.
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| CN116253972A (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-06-13 | 苏州辰鹏电子新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of reinforced PBT composite material |
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