CN112175214B - Flexible self-lubricating composite film and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a flexible self-lubricating composite film and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the invention, polyarylethersulfone ketone (PPESK) containing a phthalazinone structure is used as a matrix, and CNT-PDA/Ag is used as a modifier to prepare the flexible self-lubricating composite film, and the flexible self-lubricating composite film has good flexibility, good thermal stability, high strength and toughness, low friction coefficient and good wear resistance; the flexible self-lubricating composite film has the advantages of low consumption of CNT-PDA/Ag, simple preparation method, easy operation, low energy consumption and easy mass production, and can be applied to the fields of friction elements of microelectronics and precision machinery, touch screens of electronic products and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of membrane material preparation, and particularly relates to a flexible self-lubricating composite film, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The polyarylethersulfone ketone (PPESK) containing the phthalazinone structure has excellent self-lubricating and high-temperature-resistant performances and extremely strong corrosion resistance, and can be widely applied to friction elements such as shock absorption, sealing and the like of industrial machinery and aerospace as protective materials such as antifriction and wear-resistant lubricating films. However, pure PPESK has low bearing capacity and poor wear resistance, and cannot meet the demand of the advanced industrial development for high-performance lubricating materials.
The Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) is a seamless nano tube formed by single-layer or multi-layer graphite sheets curling around a central shaft according to a certain helical angle, has high elastic modulus, high tensile strength and excellent heat conduction and tribological properties, and is an ideal choice for improving the strength, toughness and wear resistance of a high polymer film. However, the defects of easy agglomeration and difficult dispersion caused by strong acting force among CNTs often cause that the overall performance of the composite material cannot achieve the expected improvement effect. Although researchers have improved the dispersibility of CNTs by modifying their surfaces, there are still many disadvantages: for example, corrosive reagents such as strong acid and the like and organic solvents such as cyclohexane and the like are involved in the modification process, and the treatment process is complex and has a long period; the modified CNT has few surface active groups and weak action with a polymer matrix; the strong acid oxidation or ball milling process is accompanied with a certain degree of CNT structure destruction, strength reduction and the like, which not only influences the exertion of the CNT reinforcement effect, but also is not beneficial to the industrial production of high polymer products.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a flexible self-lubricating composite film and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention takes polyarylethersulfone ketone (PPESK) containing phthalazinone structure as a matrix and a carbon nanotube hybrid (CNT-PDA/Ag) as a modifier to prepare the flexible self-lubricating composite film, and the flexible self-lubricating composite film has good flexibility, good thermal stability, high strength and toughness, low friction coefficient and good wear resistance.
The invention firstly provides a flexible self-lubricating composite film, which is prepared by taking PPESK as a substrate and CNT-PDA/Ag as a modifier; the active functional group on Polydopamine (PDA) in the CNT-PDA/Ag is covalently bonded with the matrix, so that the CNT bridges the matrix molecules; the surface of the flexible self-lubricating composite film is flat and smooth.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the flexible self-lubricating composite film, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of CNT-PDA/Ag:
dispersing CNT in Dopamine (DA) solution, magnetically stirring for a certain time, carrying out self-polymerization on the DA solution to form a Polydopamine (PDA) thin layer to coat on the surface of the CNT, and then carrying out centrifugal separation and freeze drying to obtain CNT-PDA;
ultrasonically and uniformly mixing a silver ammonia solution, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and CNT-PDA, carrying out oil bath reaction, centrifuging, washing, and freeze-drying to obtain a finished product, namely CNT-PDA/Ag;
(2) preparing a flexible self-lubricating composite film:
mixing CNT-PDA/Ag and PPESK with an organic solvent N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA), stirring and ultrasonically dispersing the mixed solution uniformly, and then curing and forming to obtain the flexible self-lubricating composite film.
Further, in the step (1), the DA solution is composed of 1-3 g/L hydrochloric acid dopamine solution and 6-10 g/L Tris-HCl buffer solution.
Further, in the step (1), the dosage ratio of the CNT solution to the DA solution is 0.05 g: 100-300 mL.
Further, in the step (1), the concentration of the silver ammonia solution is 6-10 g/L, and the using amount ratio of the silver ammonia solution, PVP and CNT/PDA is 50mL: 1-3 g:0.05 g.
Further, in the step (1), the oil bath reaction temperature is 60-100 ℃, and the reaction time is 4-12 h.
Further, in the step (2), the dosage ratio of the PPESK powder to the DMA organic solvent is 1 g: 10-30 mL.
Further, in the step (2), the mass fraction of the CNT-PDA/Ag in the flexible self-lubricating composite film is 0.5-1.5%.
Further, in the step (2), the curing and forming process comprises: the temperature is raised to 50-70 ℃, the temperature is maintained for 6-8 h, then the temperature is raised to 80-100 ℃, and the temperature is maintained for 3-5 h.
The invention also provides application of the flexible self-lubricating composite film in friction elements of microelectronics and precision machinery and touch screens of electronic products.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the preparation process of the modifier CNT-PDA/Ag is simple and environment-friendly, the dispersion problem of the CNT can be effectively solved, Polydopamine (PDA) on the surface of the modifier is a bionic material, the surface of the modifier contains rich functional groups, and the functional modification of the CNT can be realized on the premise of not damaging the structure and strength of the CNT; the existence of the monodisperse Ag nano particles can reduce the effect among CNTs and improve the dispersity of the CNTs; the PDA and Ag nano-particles can improve the interface compatibility of the CNT and the matrix, and are beneficial to better exerting the reinforcing and toughening effects on the matrix. Meanwhile, the monodisperse Ag nanoparticles in the hybrid can play a good self-lubricating role, and cooperate with the CNT to improve the performance of the film.
The flexible self-lubricating composite film is prepared by a tape casting method, the required equipment is simple, the operation is easy, the period is short, the large-scale production is easy to realize, the flexibility, the low friction, the high wear resistance and the like are good, the flexible self-lubricating composite film with excellent tribological properties can be prepared, and the flexible self-lubricating composite film can be applied to the fields of friction elements of precision machinery and electronic devices, touch screens of electronic products and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) morphology of CNT-PDA/Ag.
FIG. 2 shows XRD spectra of CNT, CNT-PDA and CNT-PDA/Ag.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a flexible self-lubricating composite film prepared in example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, without limiting the scope of the invention thereto.
Example 1: preparation of CNT-PDA/Ag
Dispersing 0.05g of CNT in 100mL of Dopamine (DA) solution consisting of dopamine hydrochloride solution with the concentration of 1g/L and Tris-HCl buffer solution with the concentration of 6g/L, magnetically stirring for 6h at room temperature, performing autopolymerization on the DA solution to form a Polydopamine (PDA) thin layer to coat the surface of the CNT, performing centrifugal separation, and performing freeze drying to obtain the CNT-PDA. Preparing 6g/L silver ammonia solution, adding 2g of polyvinylpyrrolidone into 50mL of silver ammonia solution, putting 0.05g of CNT-PDA into the silver ammonia solution for ultrasonic dispersion, then moving the solution to a 60 ℃ oil bath pot for reaction for 8 hours, and then performing centrifugal separation, cleaning and freeze drying to obtain a finished product, namely CNT-PDA/Ag.
FIG. 1 is a morphology view of a CNT-PDA/Ag Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), from which it can be seen that Ag nanoparticles are uniformly and monodispersely grown on the surface of CNTs, and the CNTs have good dispersibility.
FIG. 2 is an XRD spectrum of CNT, CNT-PDA and CNT-PDA/Ag, from which it can be seen that the diffraction peak of CNT-PDA is similar to that of CNT compared with CNT, which indicates that the modification process of Polydopamine (PDA) does not cause microstructure damage to CNT; the peak intensity of CNT-PDA is significantly weaker than that before the modification because the crystallinity of CNT is reduced due to coating of PDA on the surface of CNT. This directly illustrates the successful modification of the surface of the CNTs by PDA in the present invention. For CNT-PDA/Ag, the diffraction peak shows only the spectrum of Ag nanoparticles with very high crystallinity, which is due to the uniform coating of the Ag nanoparticles on the surface of CNT. As can be seen, the present example successfully prepares CNT-PDA/Ag with good surface dispersibility without damaging the microstructure of the CNT.
Example 2:
in this example, CNT-PDA/Ag was prepared under different reaction conditions as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 relationship between different preparation conditions of CNT-PDA/Ag hybrids
| Volume of DA solution (mL) | Mixing time (h) | Concentration of silver Ammonia solution (g/L) | Mass (g) of polyvinylpyrrolidone | Oil bath temperature (° C) | Oil bath time (h) |
| 100 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 60 | 12 |
| 100 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 60 | 8 |
| 100 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 60 | 4 |
| 200 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 80 | 12 |
| 200 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 80 | 8 |
| 200 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 80 | 4 |
| 300 | 4 | 10 | 1 | 100 | 12 |
| 300 | 6 | 10 | 2 | 100 | 8 |
| 300 | 8 | 10 | 3 | 100 | 4 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the preparation conditions of CNT-PDA/Ag are mild and wide in range, and the industrial production is easy to move from laboratory to industrial production.
Example 3:
(1) preparation of CNT-PDA/Ag:
dispersing 0.05g of CNT in 200mL of dopamine solution consisting of 1g/L hydrochloric acid dopamine solution and 6g/L Tris-HCl buffer solution, magnetically stirring for 6h at room temperature, carrying out self-polymerization on the DA solution to form a Polydopamine (PDA) thin layer to coat the surface of the CNT, and then carrying out centrifugal separation and freeze drying to prepare the CNT-PDA. Preparing 8g/L silver ammonia solution, adding 2g polyvinylpyrrolidone into 50mL silver ammonia solution, placing 0.05g CNT-PDA into the silver ammonia solution for ultrasonic dispersion, then moving the silver ammonia solution to an oil bath kettle at 80 ℃ for reaction for 8h, finally performing centrifugal separation, cleaning and freeze drying to obtain a finished product, namely CNT-PDA/Ag.
(2) Preparing a flexible self-lubricating composite film:
1.0g of the powder of PPESK was dissolved in 10mL of DMA organic solvent and mixed by ultrasonic stirring. Then adding 5mg of CNT-PDA/Ag nano hybrid powder, magnetically stirring, ultrasonically dispersing, uniformly mixing, pouring into a mold of 170mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 5mm, putting into a vacuum drying oven, heating in a gradient way, curing and molding, wherein the heating procedure is as follows: in the first stage, the temperature is raised from room temperature to 60 ℃ and is kept for 7 hours, and then the temperature is raised from 60 ℃ to 90 ℃ and is kept for 4 hours. And finally, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the flexible self-lubricating composite film which is marked as a film A.
Fig. 3 is a photograph of the modified PPESK self-lubricating composite film prepared in this example, which is able to be bent and has good flexibility.
Example 4:
(1) preparation of CNT-PDA/Ag:
dispersing 0.05g of carbon nano tube in 100mL of dopamine solution consisting of 1g/L hydrochloric acid dopamine solution and 6g/L Tris-HCl buffer solution, magnetically stirring for 6h at room temperature, carrying out self-polymerization on the DA solution to form a Polydopamine (PDA) thin layer to coat the surface of the CNT, and then carrying out centrifugal separation and freeze drying to prepare the CNT-PDA. Preparing 6g/L silver ammonia solution, adding 2g polyvinylpyrrolidone into 50mL silver ammonia solution, placing 0.05g CNT-PDA into the silver ammonia solution for ultrasonic dispersion, then moving the silver ammonia solution to a 60 ℃ oil bath pot for reaction for 8h, and then carrying out centrifugal separation, cleaning and freeze drying to obtain the CNT-PDA/Ag hybrid.
(2) Preparing a flexible self-lubricating composite film:
1.0g of the powder of PPESK was dissolved in 20mL of DMA organic solvent and mixed by ultrasonic stirring. Then adding 10mg of CNT-PDA/Ag hybrid powder, magnetically stirring, ultrasonically dispersing, uniformly mixing, pouring into a mold with the size of 170mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 5mm, putting into a vacuum drying oven, heating in a gradient manner, curing and molding, wherein the heating procedure is as follows: the first stage was carried out by raising the temperature from room temperature to 50 ℃ and holding it for 6 hours, then raising the temperature from 50 ℃ to 80 ℃ and holding it for 3 hours. And finally, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the flexible self-lubricating composite film which is marked as a film B.
Example 5:
(1) preparation of CNT-PDA/Ag:
dispersing 0.05g of carbon nano tubes in 200mL of dopamine solution consisting of dopamine hydrochloride solution with the concentration of 1g/L and Tris-HCl buffer solution with the concentration of 6g/L, magnetically stirring for 8h at room temperature, carrying out self-polymerization on the DA solution to form a Polydopamine (PDA) thin layer to coat the surface of CNT, and then carrying out centrifugal separation and freeze drying to prepare the CNT-PDA. Preparing 8g/L silver ammonia solution, adding 2g polyvinylpyrrolidone into 50mL silver ammonia solution, placing 0.05g CNT-PDA into the silver ammonia solution for ultrasonic dispersion, then moving the silver ammonia solution to an oil bath kettle at 80 ℃ for reaction for 4h, then centrifugally cleaning, and freeze-drying to obtain the CNT-PDA/Ag hybrid.
(2) Preparing a flexible self-lubricating composite film:
1.0g of the powder of PPESK was dissolved in 20mL of DMA organic solvent and mixed by ultrasonic stirring. Then adding 10mg of CNT-PDA/Ag nano hybrid material powder, magnetically stirring, ultrasonically dispersing, uniformly mixing, pouring into a mold with the size of 170mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 5mm, putting into a vacuum drying oven, heating in a gradient manner, curing and molding, wherein the heating procedure is as follows: in the first stage, the temperature is raised from room temperature to 60 ℃ and is kept for 8 hours, and then the temperature is raised from 60 ℃ to 100 ℃ and is kept for 4 hours. And finally, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the flexible self-lubricating composite film which is marked as a film C.
Example 6:
(1) preparation of CNT-PDA/Ag:
dispersing 0.05g of carbon nano tube in 300mL of dopamine solution consisting of 1g/L hydrochloric acid dopamine solution and 6g/L Tris-HCl buffer solution, magnetically stirring for 6h at room temperature, carrying out self-polymerization on the DA solution to form a Polydopamine (PDA) thin layer to coat the surface of the CNT, and then carrying out centrifugal separation and freeze drying to prepare the CNT-PDA. Preparing 10g/L silver ammonia solution, adding 2g polyvinylpyrrolidone into 50mL silver ammonia solution, placing 0.05g CNT-PDA into the silver ammonia solution for ultrasonic dispersion, then moving the solution to a 100 ℃ oil bath pot for reaction for 8h, then centrifugally cleaning, and freeze-drying to obtain the CNT-PDA/Ag hybrid.
(2) Preparing a flexible self-lubricating composite film:
1.0g of the powder of PPESK was dissolved in 30mL of DMA organic solvent and mixed by ultrasonic stirring. Then adding 15mg of CNT-PDA/Ag nano hybrid material powder, magnetically stirring, ultrasonically dispersing, uniformly mixing, pouring into a mold with the size of 170mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 5mm, putting into a vacuum drying oven, heating up in a gradient manner, curing and molding, wherein the heating up procedure is as follows: the first stage is carried out by raising the temperature from room temperature to 70 ℃ and maintaining the temperature for 8 hours, then raising the temperature from 70 ℃ to 100 ℃ and maintaining the temperature for 5 hours. And finally, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the flexible self-lubricating composite film which is marked as a film D.
Example 7:
in the embodiment, mechanical properties of the pure PPESK film and the flexible self-lubricating composite film prepared in the embodiments 3-6 are considered, specifically, five points are randomly measured on the surface of a sample through a nano-indenter, and then the average value is taken to obtain the hardness and the elastic modulus of the film. The samples were subjected to a frictional wear test by a ball-and-disk type friction tester (the mating material was 440c stainless steel), and the friction coefficient and the wear rate were obtained by averaging five times for each sample, and the results of the examination are shown in table 2.
The preparation method of the pure PPESK film comprises the following steps: dissolving 1.0g of PPESK powder in 10mL of DMA organic solvent, carrying out ultrasonic stirring to uniformly mix the PPESK powder and the DMA organic solvent, then pouring the mixture into a mold with the size of 170mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 5mm, putting the mold into a vacuum drying oven, carrying out gradient heating, and carrying out curing molding, wherein the heating procedure is as follows: in the first stage, the temperature is raised from room temperature to 60 ℃ and is kept for 8 hours, and then the temperature is raised from 60 ℃ to 80 ℃ and is kept for 4 hours. And finally, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain the pure PPESK film.
TABLE 2 Properties of pure PPESK and CNT-PDA/Ag-PPESK self-lubricating composite films
| Material | Pure PPESK film | Film A | Film B | Film C | Film D |
| Hardness (MPa) | 170 | 174 | 180 | 181 | 192 |
| Modulus of elasticity (GPa) | 1.82 | 2.01 | 2.32 | 2.15 | 2.41 |
| Coefficient of friction | 0.56 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.094 |
| Wear rate (10) -6 mm 3 /Nm） | 277.7 | 5.7 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.0 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the hardness and elastic modulus of the flexible self-lubricating composite film with less CNT-PDA/Ag are higher than those of a pure PPESK film, and the friction coefficient and the wear rate are far lower than those of an unmodified PPESK film. Namely, when the carbon nano tube nano hybrid is modified by PPESK with low addition amount (mass fraction is 0.5-1.5%), the self-lubricating composite film with good flexibility, low friction and high wear resistance can be obtained.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a flexible self-lubricating composite film is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of CNT-PDA/Ag:
dispersing CNT in DA solution, magnetically stirring for a certain time, centrifuging, and freeze-drying to obtain CNT-PDA; the dosage ratio of the CNT solution to the DA solution is 0.05 g: 100-300 mL;
ultrasonically and uniformly mixing the silver ammonia solution, PVP and CNT-PDA, carrying out oil bath reaction, centrifuging, washing, and freeze-drying to obtain a finished product, namely CNT-PDA/Ag;
the concentration of the silver ammonia solution is 6-10 g/L, and the using amount ratio of the silver ammonia solution, PVP and CNT-PDA is 50mL: 1-3 g:0.05 g;
in the CNT-PDA/Ag, Ag nano particles uniformly and monodispersely grow on the surface of the CNT, and the CNT has good dispersibility;
(2) preparing a flexible self-lubricating composite film:
and mixing the CNT-PDA/Ag and the PPESK with an organic solvent DMA, stirring the mixed solution, uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic, and curing and forming to obtain the flexible self-lubricating composite film.
2. The method for preparing the flexible self-lubricating composite film according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the DA solution is composed of a dopamine hydrochloride solution with a concentration of 1-3 g/L and a Tris-HCl buffer solution with a concentration of 6-10 g/L.
3. The method for preparing the flexible self-lubricating composite film according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the oil bath reaction temperature is 60-100 ℃ and the reaction time is 4-12 h.
4. The preparation method of the flexible self-lubricating composite film according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the dosage ratio of the PPESK to the DMA is 1 g: 10-30 mL.
5. The method for preparing the flexible self-lubricating composite film according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mass fraction of the CNT-PDA/Ag in the flexible self-lubricating composite film is 0.5-1.5%.
6. The method for preparing the flexible self-lubricating composite film according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the curing and forming process comprises the following steps: the temperature is raised to 50-70 ℃, the temperature is kept for 6-8 h, then the temperature is raised to 80-100 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 3-5 h.
7. The flexible self-lubricating composite film prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the flexible self-lubricating composite film is prepared by taking PPESK as a matrix and CNT-PDA/Ag as a modifier; the active functional group on the PDA in the CNT-PDA/Ag is covalently bonded with the matrix, so that the CNT bridges the matrix molecules; the surface of the flexible self-lubricating composite film is flat and smooth.
8. Use of the flexible self-lubricating composite film according to claim 7 in friction elements for microelectronics and precision machinery, touch screens for electronic products.
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