CN112174697B - Wear-resistant domestic ceramic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Wear-resistant domestic ceramic and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112174697B CN112174697B CN202011068140.4A CN202011068140A CN112174697B CN 112174697 B CN112174697 B CN 112174697B CN 202011068140 A CN202011068140 A CN 202011068140A CN 112174697 B CN112174697 B CN 112174697B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5022—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with vitreous materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/86—Glazes; Cold glazes
Abstract
The invention discloses wear-resistant domestic ceramic and a preparation method thereof. The wear-resistant domestic ceramic comprises a domestic ceramic blank and a glaze layer, wherein the glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of zircon sand, 10-15 parts of baddeleyite, 5-10 parts of nepheline syenite, 3-6 parts of titanium carbide powder, 3-5 parts of titanium dioxide, 4-6 parts of lutetium oxide, 2-4 parts of tungsten powder, 2-4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5 wt%, 2-4 parts of glycerol and 20-30 parts of water. The wear-resistant daily ceramic provided by the invention has the advantages that through the synergistic cooperation of the components, the obtained wear-resistant daily ceramic has a smooth glaze surface, good texture, excellent hardness and bending strength and excellent wear resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention belongs to the field of daily use ceramic technology. More particularly, relates to wear-resistant domestic ceramic and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The daily ceramic is a common article in families, is popular among people for thousands of years, bears profound history and is also a provenance for civilized development. The traditional daily-use ceramic is a silicate product made of clay, quartz, feldspar and other natural raw materials, and the production process comprises the steps of mixing materials, ageing, forming, trimming, glazing, firing and the like.
From the performance analysis of the domestic ceramics, the domestic ceramics can be divided into domestic pottery and domestic porcelain, the water absorption of the domestic pottery is generally more than 3%, the light transmission performance is poor, the compactness of a matrix is poor, the knocking sound is deep and stuffy, the water absorption of the domestic porcelain is generally less than 3%, the light transmission is good, the vitrification degree is high, the compactness of the matrix is good, and the knocking sound is clear and crisp.
The daily pottery can be divided into coarse pottery, common pottery and fine pottery, and the daily porcelain can be divided into stoneware, common porcelain and fine porcelain. In general, daily ceramics are prepared according to different requirements of people, and the daily ceramics which are most familiar to people, such as tableware, tea sets, wine cups and the like.
However, the domestic ceramics to be used at present have the following problems.
1. The glaze has poor wear resistance, is easy to wear and cause surface scratching in the using process, is not attractive, is easy to stain, and is difficult to clean after staining;
2. the glaze surface has poor smoothness, poor hardness, poor strength and other comprehensive properties.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing wear-resistant domestic ceramic and a preparation method thereof aiming at the defects in the prior art. The wear-resistant domestic ceramic comprises a domestic ceramic blank and a glaze layer, wherein the glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of zircon sand, 10-15 parts of baddeleyite, 5-10 parts of nepheline syenite, 3-6 parts of titanium carbide powder, 3-5 parts of titanium dioxide, 4-6 parts of lutetium oxide, 2-4 parts of tungsten powder, 2-4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5 wt%, 2-4 parts of glycerol and 20-30 parts of water. The wear-resistant daily ceramic provided by the invention has the advantages that the glaze surface of the wear-resistant daily ceramic prepared by the mutual synergistic cooperation of the components is flat and smooth, the texture is good, the hardness and the bending strength are excellent, and the wear resistance is excellent.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the wear-resistant domestic ceramic comprises a domestic ceramic blank and a glaze layer, wherein the glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30-40 parts of zircon sand, 10-15 parts of baddeleyite, 5-10 parts of nepheline syenite, 3-6 parts of titanium carbide powder, 3-5 parts of titanium dioxide, 4-6 parts of lutetium oxide, 2-4 parts of tungsten powder, 2-4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5 wt%, 2-4 parts of glycerol and 20-30 parts of water.
Preferably, the glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35 parts of zircon sand, 14 parts of baddeleyite, 8 parts of nepheline syenite, 5 parts of titanium carbide powder, 4 parts of titanium dioxide, 5 parts of lutetium oxide, 3 parts of tungsten powder, 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5 wt%, 3 parts of glycerol and 25 parts of water.
Preferably, the grain size of the zircon sand is 3-6 μm, the grain size of the baddeleyite is 4-8 μm, and the grain size of the nepheline syenite is 8-12 μm.
Preferably, the particle size of the titanium carbide powder is 20-40 nm, the particle size of the titanium dioxide is 15-25 nm, the particle size of the lutetium oxide is 10-20 nm, and the particle size of the tungsten powder is 5-10 nm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the wear-resistant domestic ceramic, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a domestic ceramic blank:
2) weighing the following components in parts by weight: respectively drying zircon sand, baddeleyite, nepheline syenite, titanium carbide powder, titanium dioxide, lutetium oxide and tungsten powder, and then placing the components and water into a ball milling tank for ball milling and mixing;
3) adding 5 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol and glycerol into the ball milling tank, and continuing ball milling for 30-40 min to obtain a glaze;
4) glazing the glaze material on the surface of the daily ceramic blank in the step A, and airing to obtain a glazed daily ceramic blank;
5) heating the glazed domestic ceramic blank from room temperature to 450-550 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-3 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 h, heating to 850-950 ℃ at 4-6 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 h, heating to 1350-1450 ℃ at 4-8 ℃, and sintering for 3-6 h; finally, cooling to 680-700 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-2 h; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the wear-resistant domestic ceramic product.
Preferably, in the step (2), the ball milling time is 4-6 h, and the ball milling rotation speed is 200-260 r/min.
Preferably, in the step (2), the drying is carried out at 100-120 ℃ for 6-8 h.
Preferably, the grain size of the zircon sand is 3-6 μm, the grain size of the baddeleyite is 4-8 μm, and the grain size of the nepheline syenite is 8-12 μm.
Preferably, the particle size of the titanium carbide powder is 20-40 nm, the particle size of the titanium dioxide is 15-25 nm, the particle size of the lutetium oxide is 10-20 nm, and the particle size of the tungsten powder is 5-10 nm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1) by adding titanium dioxide and lutetium oxide powder and utilizing the synergistic effect of titanium oxide and lutetium oxide, ZrO is reduced2The growth of crystal grains improves the compactness, and further improves the compactness, the mechanical strength and the wear resistance of the glaze layer.
2) Titanium carbide is added in the raw material and reacts with a silicon component in nepheline syenite in the raw material to generate a carbon-silicon-titanium component, tungsten and lutetium are doped into a carbon-silicon-titanium crystal lattice in the roasting process, and the generated carbon-silicon-titanium component is promoted to improve zirconia by utilizing the synergistic promotion effect of tungsten and lutetium, so that the compactness, the mechanical strength and the wear resistance of a glaze layer are further promoted.
3) By adding polyvinyl alcohol and glycerol and utilizing the synergistic effect of the two, the raw materials are promoted to be mixed with each other and uniformly dispersed, and the compactness, the mechanical strength and the wear resistance of the glaze layer are improved.
4) By adopting the step-by-step calcination, the ceramic glaze has good sintering characteristics, the porosity of the glaze layer is further reduced, the compactness is improved, and therefore, the overall performance is further improved.
5) By adding the titanium carbide powder, the titanium dioxide powder, the lutetium oxide and the tungsten powder with nanometer sizes, the toughness of a glaze layer is obviously improved, and the resistance performance is improved.
6) The preparation method has simple process and simple and convenient operation, and saves manpower and equipment cost.
In conclusion, the wear-resistant domestic ceramic prepared by the invention has high hardness, high bending strength and low wear rate due to the good compactness of the glaze layer.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following examples.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.
Example 1
The wear-resistant domestic ceramic comprises a domestic ceramic blank and a glaze layer, wherein the glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35 parts of zircon sand, 14 parts of baddeleyite, 8 parts of nepheline syenite, 5 parts of titanium carbide powder, 4 parts of titanium dioxide, 5 parts of lutetium oxide, 3 parts of tungsten powder, 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5 wt%, 3 parts of glycerol and 25 parts of water.
The grain size of the zircon sand is 5 mu m, the grain size of the baddeleyite is 6 mu m, and the grain size of the nepheline syenite is 10 mu m.
The particle size of the titanium carbide powder is 30nm, the particle size of the titanium dioxide powder is 20nm, the particle size of the lutetium oxide is 15nm, and the particle size of the tungsten powder is 8 nm.
The preparation method of the wear-resistant domestic ceramic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a domestic ceramic blank:
2) weighing the following components in parts by weight: respectively drying zircon sand, baddeleyite, nepheline syenite, titanium carbide powder, titanium dioxide, lutetium oxide and tungsten powder at 110 ℃ for 7 hours, and then putting the components and water into a ball milling tank for ball milling and mixing; the ball milling time is 5h, and the ball milling rotating speed is 240 r/min;
3) then adding 5 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol and glycerol into the ball milling tank, and continuing ball milling for 35min to obtain glaze;
4) glazing the glaze material on the surface of the daily ceramic blank in the step A, and airing to obtain a glazed daily ceramic blank;
5) heating the glazed domestic ceramic blank from room temperature to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, then heating to 900 ℃ at the temperature of 5 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, and then heating to 1400 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ and sintering for 4 h; finally, cooling to 690 ℃, and preserving heat for 1.5 h; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the wear-resistant domestic ceramic product.
Example 2
The wear-resistant domestic ceramic comprises a domestic ceramic blank and a glaze layer, wherein the glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40 parts of zircon sand, 10 parts of baddeleyite, 5 parts of nepheline syenite, 6 parts of titanium carbide powder, 3 parts of titanium dioxide, 6 parts of lutetium oxide, 2 parts of tungsten powder, 4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5 wt%, 2 parts of glycerol and 30 parts of water.
The grain size of the zircon sand is 6 mu m, the grain size of the baddeleyite is 4 mu m, and the grain size of the nepheline syenite is 12 mu m.
The particle size of the titanium carbide powder is 20nm, the particle size of the titanium dioxide is 25nm, the particle size of the lutetium oxide is 10nm, and the particle size of the tungsten powder is 10 nm.
The preparation method of the wear-resistant domestic ceramic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a domestic ceramic blank:
2) weighing the following components in parts by weight: respectively drying zircon sand, baddeleyite, nepheline syenite, titanium carbide powder, titanium dioxide, lutetium oxide and tungsten powder at 120 ℃ for 6 hours, and then putting the components and water into a ball milling tank for ball milling and mixing; the ball milling time is 4h, and the ball milling rotating speed is 260 r/min;
3) then adding 5 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol and glycerol into the ball milling tank, and continuing ball milling for 40min to obtain glaze;
4) glazing the glaze material on the surface of the daily ceramic blank in the step A, and airing to obtain a glazed daily ceramic blank;
5) heating the glazed domestic ceramic blank from room temperature to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, then heating to 950 ℃ at 6 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, then heating to 1450 ℃ at 8 ℃, and sintering for 3 h; finally, cooling to 700 ℃, and preserving heat for 1 h; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the wear-resistant domestic ceramic product.
Example 3
The wear-resistant domestic ceramic comprises a domestic ceramic blank and a glaze layer, wherein the glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30 parts of zircon sand, 10 parts of baddeleyite, 5 parts of nepheline syenite, 6 parts of titanium carbide powder, 6 parts of titanium dioxide, 4 parts of lutetium oxide, 4 parts of tungsten powder, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5 wt%, 4 parts of glycerol and 20-30 parts of water.
The grain size of the zircon sand is 3 mu m, the grain size of the baddeleyite is 8 mu m, and the grain size of the nepheline syenite is 8 mu m.
The particle size of the titanium carbide powder is 40nm, the particle size of the titanium dioxide is 15nm, the particle size of the lutetium oxide is 20nm, and the particle size of the tungsten powder is 5 nm.
The preparation method of the wear-resistant domestic ceramic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a domestic ceramic blank:
2) weighing the following components in parts by weight: respectively drying zircon sand, baddeleyite, nepheline syenite, titanium carbide powder, titanium dioxide, lutetium oxide and tungsten powder at 100 ℃ for 8 hours, and then putting the components and water into a ball milling tank for ball milling and mixing; the ball milling time is 6h, and the ball milling speed is 200 r/min;
3) then adding 5 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol and glycerol into the ball milling tank, and continuing ball milling for 30min to obtain glaze;
4) glazing the glaze material on the surface of the daily ceramic blank in the step A, and airing to obtain a glazed daily ceramic blank;
5) heating the glazed domestic ceramic blank from room temperature to 450 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃, preserving heat for 3h, then heating to 850 ℃ at 4 ℃, preserving heat for 3h, then heating to 1350 ℃ at 4 ℃, and sintering for 6 h; finally, cooling to 680 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 h; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the wear-resistant domestic ceramic product.
Comparative example 1
The wear-resistant domestic ceramic comprises a domestic ceramic blank and a glaze layer, wherein the glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35 parts of zircon sand, 14 parts of baddeleyite, 8 parts of nepheline syenite, 5 parts of titanium carbide powder, 9 parts of titanium dioxide, 3 parts of tungsten powder, 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5 wt%, 3 parts of glycerol and 25 parts of water.
The grain size of the zircon sand is 5 mu m, the grain size of the baddeleyite is 6 mu m, and the grain size of the nepheline syenite is 10 mu m.
The particle size of the titanium carbide powder is 30nm, the particle size of the titanium dioxide powder is 20nm, and the particle size of the tungsten powder is 8 nm.
The preparation method of the wear-resistant domestic ceramic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a domestic ceramic blank:
2) weighing the following components in parts by weight: respectively drying zircon sand, baddeleyite, nepheline syenite, titanium carbide powder, titanium dioxide and tungsten powder at 110 ℃ for 7 hours, and then putting the components and water into a ball milling tank for ball milling and mixing; the ball milling time is 5h, and the ball milling rotating speed is 240 r/min;
3) then adding 5 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol and glycerol into the ball milling tank, and continuing ball milling for 35min to obtain glaze;
4) glazing the glaze material on the surface of the daily ceramic blank in the step A, and airing to obtain a glazed daily ceramic blank;
5) heating the glazed domestic ceramic blank from room temperature to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, then heating to 900 ℃ at the temperature of 5 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, and then heating to 1400 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ and sintering for 4 h; finally, cooling to 690 ℃, and preserving heat for 1.5 h; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the wear-resistant domestic ceramic product.
Comparative example 2
The wear-resistant domestic ceramic comprises a domestic ceramic blank and a glaze layer, wherein the glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35 parts of zircon sand, 14 parts of baddeleyite, 8 parts of nepheline syenite, 5 parts of titanium carbide powder, 9 parts of lutetium oxide, 3 parts of tungsten powder, 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5 wt%, 3 parts of glycerol and 25 parts of water.
The grain size of the zircon sand is 5 mu m, the grain size of the baddeleyite is 6 mu m, and the grain size of the nepheline syenite is 10 mu m.
The particle size of the titanium carbide powder is 30nm, the particle size of the lutetium oxide is 15nm, and the particle size of the tungsten powder is 8 nm.
The preparation method of the wear-resistant domestic ceramic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a domestic ceramic blank:
2) weighing the following components in parts by weight: respectively drying zircon sand, baddeleyite, nepheline syenite, titanium carbide powder, lutetium oxide and tungsten powder at 110 ℃ for 7 hours, and then putting the components and water into a ball milling tank for ball milling and mixing; the ball milling time is 5h, and the ball milling rotating speed is 240 r/min;
3) then adding 5 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol and glycerol into the ball milling tank, and continuing ball milling for 35min to obtain glaze;
4) glazing the glaze material on the surface of the daily ceramic blank in the step A, and airing to obtain a glazed daily ceramic blank;
5) heating the glazed domestic ceramic blank from room temperature to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, then heating to 900 ℃ at the temperature of 5 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, and then heating to 1400 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ and sintering for 4 h; finally, cooling to 690 ℃, and preserving heat for 1.5 h; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the wear-resistant domestic ceramic product.
Comparative example 3
The wear-resistant domestic ceramic comprises a domestic ceramic blank and a glaze layer, wherein the glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35 parts of zircon sand, 14 parts of baddeleyite, 8 parts of nepheline syenite, 5 parts of titanium carbide powder, 4 parts of titanium dioxide, 8 parts of lutetium oxide, 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5 wt%, 3 parts of glycerol and 25 parts of water.
The grain size of the zircon sand is 5 mu m, the grain size of the baddeleyite is 6 mu m, and the grain size of the nepheline syenite is 10 mu m.
The particle size of the titanium carbide powder is 30nm, the particle size of the titanium dioxide is 20nm, and the particle size of the lutetium oxide is 15 nm.
The preparation method of the wear-resistant domestic ceramic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a domestic ceramic blank:
2) weighing the following components in parts by weight: respectively drying zircon sand, baddeleyite, nepheline syenite, titanium carbide powder, titanium dioxide and lutetium oxide at 110 ℃ for 7 hours, and then putting the components and water into a ball milling tank for ball milling and mixing; the ball milling time is 5h, and the ball milling rotating speed is 240 r/min;
3) then adding 5 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol and glycerol into the ball milling tank, and continuing ball milling for 35min to obtain glaze;
4) glazing the glaze material on the surface of the daily ceramic blank in the step A, and airing to obtain a glazed daily ceramic blank;
5) heating the glazed domestic ceramic blank from room temperature to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, then heating to 900 ℃ at the temperature of 5 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, and then heating to 1400 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ and sintering for 4 h; finally, cooling to 690 ℃, and preserving heat for 1.5 h; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the wear-resistant domestic ceramic product.
Comparative example 4
The wear-resistant domestic ceramic comprises a domestic ceramic blank and a glaze layer, wherein the glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35 parts of zircon sand, 14 parts of baddeleyite, 8 parts of nepheline syenite, 5 parts of titanium carbide powder, 4 parts of titanium dioxide, 8 parts of tungsten powder, 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5 wt%, 3 parts of glycerol and 25 parts of water.
The grain size of the zircon sand is 5 mu m, the grain size of the baddeleyite is 6 mu m, and the grain size of the nepheline syenite is 10 mu m.
The particle size of the titanium carbide powder is 30nm, the particle size of the titanium dioxide powder is 20nm, and the particle size of the tungsten powder is 8 nm.
The preparation method of the wear-resistant domestic ceramic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a domestic ceramic blank:
2) weighing the following components in parts by weight: respectively drying zircon sand, baddeleyite, nepheline syenite, titanium carbide powder, titanium dioxide and tungsten powder at 110 ℃ for 7 hours, and then putting the components and water into a ball milling tank for ball milling and mixing; the ball milling time is 5h, and the ball milling rotating speed is 240 r/min;
3) then adding 5 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol and glycerol into the ball milling tank, and continuing ball milling for 35min to obtain glaze;
4) glazing the glaze material on the surface of the daily ceramic blank in the step A, and airing to obtain a glazed daily ceramic blank;
5) heating the glazed domestic ceramic blank from room temperature to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, then heating to 900 ℃ at the temperature of 5 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, and then heating to 1400 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ and sintering for 4 h; finally, cooling to 690 ℃, and preserving heat for 1.5 h; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the wear-resistant domestic ceramic product.
Comparative example 5
The wear-resistant domestic ceramic comprises a domestic ceramic blank and a glaze layer, wherein the glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35 parts of zircon sand, 14 parts of baddeleyite, 8 parts of nepheline syenite, 5 parts of titanium carbide powder, 4 parts of titanium dioxide, 5 parts of lutetium oxide, 3 parts of tungsten powder, 6 parts of polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5 wt% and 25 parts of water.
The grain size of the zircon sand is 5 mu m, the grain size of the baddeleyite is 6 mu m, and the grain size of the nepheline syenite is 10 mu m.
The particle size of the titanium carbide powder is 30nm, the particle size of the titanium dioxide powder is 20nm, the particle size of the lutetium oxide is 15nm, and the particle size of the tungsten powder is 8 nm.
The preparation method of the wear-resistant domestic ceramic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a domestic ceramic blank:
2) weighing the following components in parts by weight: respectively drying zircon sand, baddeleyite, nepheline syenite, titanium carbide powder, titanium dioxide, lutetium oxide and tungsten powder at 110 ℃ for 7 hours, and then putting the components and water into a ball milling tank for ball milling and mixing; the ball milling time is 5h, and the ball milling rotating speed is 240 r/min;
3) then adding polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5 wt% into the ball milling tank, and continuing ball milling for 35min to obtain glaze;
4) glazing the glaze material on the surface of the daily ceramic blank in the step A, and airing to obtain a glazed daily ceramic blank;
5) heating the glazed domestic ceramic blank from room temperature to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, then heating to 900 ℃ at the temperature of 5 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, and then heating to 1400 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ and sintering for 4 h; finally, cooling to 690 ℃, and preserving heat for 1.5 h; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the wear-resistant domestic ceramic product.
Comparative example 6
The wear-resistant domestic ceramic comprises a domestic ceramic blank and a glaze layer, wherein the glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35 parts of zircon sand, 14 parts of baddeleyite, 8 parts of nepheline syenite, 5 parts of titanium carbide powder, 4 parts of titanium dioxide, 5 parts of lutetium oxide, 3 parts of tungsten powder, 6 parts of glycerol and 25 parts of water.
The grain size of the zircon sand is 5 mu m, the grain size of the baddeleyite is 6 mu m, and the grain size of the nepheline syenite is 10 mu m.
The particle size of the titanium carbide powder is 30nm, the particle size of the titanium dioxide powder is 20nm, the particle size of the lutetium oxide is 15nm, and the particle size of the tungsten powder is 8 nm.
The preparation method of the wear-resistant domestic ceramic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a domestic ceramic blank:
2) weighing the following components in parts by weight: respectively drying zircon sand, baddeleyite, nepheline syenite, titanium carbide powder, titanium dioxide, lutetium oxide and tungsten powder at 110 ℃ for 7 hours, and then putting the components and water into a ball milling tank for ball milling and mixing; the ball milling time is 5h, and the ball milling rotating speed is 240 r/min;
3) then adding glycerol into the ball milling tank, and continuing ball milling for 35min to obtain a glaze;
4) glazing the glaze material on the surface of the daily ceramic blank in the step A, and airing to obtain a glazed daily ceramic blank;
5) heating the glazed domestic ceramic blank from room temperature to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, then heating to 900 ℃ at the temperature of 5 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, and then heating to 1400 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ and sintering for 4 h; finally, cooling to 690 ℃, and preserving heat for 1.5 h; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the wear-resistant domestic ceramic product.
Comparative example 7
The wear-resistant domestic ceramic comprises a domestic ceramic blank and a glaze layer, wherein the glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35 parts of zircon sand, 14 parts of baddeleyite, 8 parts of nepheline syenite, 5 parts of titanium carbide powder, 4 parts of titanium dioxide, 5 parts of lutetium oxide, 3 parts of tungsten powder, 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5 wt%, 3 parts of glycerol and 25 parts of water.
The grain size of the zircon sand is 5 mu m, the grain size of the baddeleyite is 6 mu m, and the grain size of the nepheline syenite is 10 mu m.
The particle size of the titanium carbide powder is 30nm, the particle size of the titanium dioxide powder is 20nm, the particle size of the lutetium oxide is 15nm, and the particle size of the tungsten powder is 8 nm.
The preparation method of the wear-resistant domestic ceramic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a domestic ceramic blank:
2) weighing the following components in parts by weight: respectively drying zircon sand, baddeleyite, nepheline syenite, titanium carbide powder, titanium dioxide, lutetium oxide and tungsten powder at 110 ℃ for 7 hours, and then putting the components and water into a ball milling tank for ball milling and mixing; the ball milling time is 5h, and the ball milling rotating speed is 240 r/min;
3) then adding 5 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol and glycerol into the ball milling tank, and continuing ball milling for 35min to obtain glaze;
4) glazing the glaze material on the surface of the daily ceramic blank in the step A, and airing to obtain a glazed daily ceramic blank;
5) heating the glazed domestic ceramic blank to 1400 ℃ at 6 ℃ and sintering for 9 h; finally, cooling to 690 ℃, and preserving heat for 1.5 h; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the wear-resistant domestic ceramic product.
Comparative example 8
The wear-resistant domestic ceramic comprises a domestic ceramic blank and a glaze layer, wherein the glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35 parts of zircon sand, 14 parts of baddeleyite, 8 parts of nepheline syenite, 5 parts of titanium carbide powder, 4 parts of titanium dioxide, 5 parts of lutetium oxide, 3 parts of tungsten powder, 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5 wt%, 3 parts of glycerol and 25 parts of water.
The grain size of the zircon sand is 5 mu m, the grain size of the baddeleyite is 6 mu m, and the grain size of the nepheline syenite is 10 mu m.
The particle size of the titanium carbide powder is 30 micrometers, the particle size of the titanium dioxide powder is 20 micrometers, the particle size of the lutetium oxide is 15 micrometers, and the particle size of the tungsten powder is 8 micrometers.
The preparation method of the wear-resistant domestic ceramic is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a domestic ceramic blank:
2) weighing the following components in parts by weight: respectively drying zircon sand, baddeleyite, nepheline syenite, titanium carbide powder, titanium dioxide, lutetium oxide and tungsten powder at 110 ℃ for 7 hours, and then putting the components and water into a ball milling tank for ball milling and mixing; the ball milling time is 5h, and the ball milling rotating speed is 240 r/min;
3) then adding 5 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol and glycerol into the ball milling tank, and continuing ball milling for 35min to obtain glaze;
4) glazing the glaze material on the surface of the daily ceramic blank in the step A, and airing to obtain a glazed daily ceramic blank;
5) heating the glazed domestic ceramic blank from room temperature to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, then heating to 900 ℃ at the temperature of 5 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, and then heating to 1400 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃ and sintering for 4 h; finally, cooling to 690 ℃, and preserving heat for 1.5 h; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the wear-resistant domestic ceramic product.
Examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 8 were subjected to mechanical property and tribological property tests.
Measuring the Vickers hardness of the material by using a microscopic Vickers hardness tester, wherein the load is 10N, the loading time is 5S, and the hardness value is the average value of five times of measurement; the bending strength of the sample is tested by a PT-1036PC type universal material testing machine, the size of the sample is 3mm multiplied by 4mm multiplied by 20mm, the span is 16mm, the loading speed of a pressure head is 0.5mm/min, the bending strength is the average value of three measurement results, and the tribology performance of the sample is tested by a ball disc type friction machine (HT-1000, Kaiki Huakou technology development Co., Ltd., Lanzhou). The specific test results are shown in table 1. And through observation, the glaze of the embodiments 1-3 is flat and smooth and has good texture.
TABLE 1 mechanical and tribological Properties of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-8
In conclusion, the wear-resistant domestic ceramic prepared by the invention has simple preparation method and is obtained by comparing examples 1-3 with comparative examples 1-8In the example, the wear-resistant domestic ceramic prepared by the wear-resistant domestic ceramic provided by the invention has the advantages that the glaze surface is flat and smooth, the texture is good, the hardness and the bending strength are excellent, the wear resistance is excellent, the hardness Hv and the bending strength can respectively reach 15.4GPa and 750MPa, and the wear rate is 1.8 multiplied by 10 at least-6。
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The wear-resistant domestic ceramic is characterized by comprising a domestic ceramic blank and a glazed layer, wherein the glazed layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30-40 parts of zircon sand, 10-15 parts of baddeleyite, 5-10 parts of nepheline syenite, 3-6 parts of titanium carbide powder, 3-5 parts of titanium dioxide, 4-6 parts of lutetium oxide, 2-4 parts of tungsten powder, 2-4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5 wt%, 2-4 parts of glycerol and 20-30 parts of water;
the grain size of the zircon sand is 3-6 mu m, the grain size of the baddeleyite is 4-8 mu m, and the grain size of the nepheline syenite is 8-12 mu m;
the particle size of the titanium carbide powder is 20-40 nm, the particle size of the titanium dioxide is 15-25 nm, the particle size of the lutetium oxide is 10-20 nm, and the particle size of the tungsten powder is 5-10 nm;
the preparation method of the wear-resistant domestic ceramic comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a domestic ceramic blank;
2) weighing the following components in parts by weight: respectively drying zircon sand, baddeleyite, nepheline syenite, titanium carbide powder, titanium dioxide, lutetium oxide and tungsten powder, and then placing the components and water into a ball milling tank for ball milling and mixing;
3) adding 5 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol and glycerol into the ball milling tank, and continuing ball milling for 30-40 min to obtain a glaze;
4) glazing the glaze material on the surface of the daily ceramic blank in the step 1), and airing to obtain a glazed daily ceramic blank;
5) heating the glazed domestic ceramic blank from room temperature to 450-550 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-3 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 h, heating to 850-950 ℃ at 4-6 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 h, heating to 1350-1450 ℃ at 4-8 ℃, and sintering for 3-6 h; finally, cooling to 680-700 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-2 h; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the wear-resistant domestic ceramic product.
2. The wear-resistant domestic ceramic according to claim 1, wherein: the glaze layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35 parts of zircon sand, 14 parts of baddeleyite, 8 parts of nepheline syenite, 5 parts of titanium carbide powder, 4 parts of titanium dioxide, 5 parts of lutetium oxide, 3 parts of tungsten powder, 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5 wt%, 3 parts of glycerol and 25 parts of water.
3. The process for the preparation of a wear-resistant domestic ceramic according to any of claims 1-2, wherein:
1) preparing a domestic ceramic blank;
2) weighing the following components in parts by weight: respectively drying zircon sand, baddeleyite, nepheline syenite, titanium carbide powder, titanium dioxide, lutetium oxide and tungsten powder, and then placing the components and water into a ball milling tank for ball milling and mixing;
3) adding 5 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol and glycerol into the ball milling tank, and continuing ball milling for 30-40 min to obtain a glaze;
4) glazing the glaze material on the surface of the daily ceramic blank in the step 1), and airing to obtain a glazed daily ceramic blank;
5) heating the glazed domestic ceramic blank from room temperature to 450-550 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-3 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 h, heating to 850-950 ℃ at 4-6 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 h, heating to 1350-1450 ℃ at 4-8 ℃, and sintering for 3-6 h; finally, cooling to 680-700 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-2 h; and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the wear-resistant domestic ceramic product.
4. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step 2), the ball milling time is 4-6 h, and the ball milling rotating speed is 200-260 r/min.
5. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step 2), the drying is carried out for 6-8 hours at the temperature of 100-120 ℃.
6. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the grain size of the zircon sand is 3-6 mu m, the grain size of the baddeleyite is 4-8 mu m, and the grain size of the nepheline syenite is 8-12 mu m.
7. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the particle size of the titanium carbide powder is 20-40 nm, the particle size of the titanium dioxide is 15-25 nm, the particle size of the lutetium oxide is 10-20 nm, and the particle size of the tungsten powder is 5-10 nm.
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