CN112170948B

CN112170948B - Spiral broaching machine capable of realizing three-axis linkage

Info

Publication number: CN112170948B
Application number: CN202011043703.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘华洲; 张又红; 张文昊; 谭建武
Original assignee: Hunan Nanfang Machine Tool Co ltd
Current assignee: Hunan Nanfang Machine Tool Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-28
Filing date: 2020-09-28
Publication date: 2023-03-14
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-28
Also published as: CN112170948A

Abstract

The invention discloses a spiral broaching machine capable of realizing three-axis linkage, which comprises: a bed body; the main shaft is arranged at the lower end of the lathe bed, is used for clamping a workpiece and is connected with a rotary driving mechanism to drive the rotary driving mechanism to rotate; the sliding plate is arranged on the bed body in a lifting sliding manner; the cutter bar is vertically connected with the sliding plate so as to be capable of lifting along with the sliding plate, a movable cavity is arranged in the cutter bar, and a radial hole extending to the movable cavity along the radial direction of the cutter bar is formed in the peripheral wall of the cutter bar; the telescopic knife handle is arranged in the radial hole; the feed rod is arranged in the movable cavity in a lifting and sliding manner and is in transmission fit with the telescopic cutter handle so that the feed rod is lifted to drive the telescopic cutter handle to stretch radially. According to the invention, the feed rod slides in the cavity to drive the telescopic tool handle to slide along the radial hole in a telescopic manner, so that the blades at the outer end of the telescopic tool handle can be telescopic, the peripheral radius of the blades is changed, the diameter change of a spiral groove on a workpiece is reflected, namely the groove depth change of the spiral groove, and the three-axis linkage is realized by matching with the rotation of the main shaft and the lifting of the sliding plate, thereby realizing the diameter-changing processing of the spiral groove.

Description

Spiral broaching machine capable of achieving three-axis linkage

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of machining equipment, in particular to a spiral broaching machine capable of realizing three-axis linkage.

Background

The broaching machine is a machine tool for machining through holes, planes and forming surfaces of workpieces by using a broaching tool as a cutter. The broaching can obtain higher dimensional accuracy and smaller surface roughness, has high productivity and is suitable for mass production.

The broaching machine can also process a spiral groove of an inner hole of a workpiece, the main shaft drives the broaching tool to rotate, and the workbench clamps the workpiece to lift, so that the spiral groove is processed. When the diameter (the depth) of the spiral groove is changed, the machining of the variable-diameter spiral groove can be realized only by carrying out multi-dimensional motion matching, and the traditional broaching machine cannot meet the machining requirement.

At present, the inner spiral groove can be machined by a numerical control lathe and a numerical control slotting machine, but for workpieces with large long diameter and workpieces with the length of more than 400mm, the phenomena of vibration lines on the surface of the workpiece, cutter breakage, large vibration of a machine tool and the like are easily generated due to the overhanging extension and poor rigidity of a cutter bar, and the machining precision and the production efficiency are very low.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a spiral broaching machine capable of realizing three-axis linkage, which can realize three-axis linkage and realize the processing of a variable-diameter spiral groove of a longer hole.

A screw bench capable of triaxial linkage according to an embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention includes: a bed body; the main shaft is arranged at the lower end of the lathe bed, is used for clamping a workpiece and is connected with a rotary driving mechanism (a servo motor) to drive the rotary driving mechanism to rotate; the sliding plate is arranged on the lathe bed in a lifting sliding manner, is positioned above the main shaft and is connected with a lifting driving mechanism for driving the sliding plate to lift; the cutter bar is vertically connected with the sliding plate so as to be capable of lifting along with the sliding plate, a movable cavity is arranged in the cutter bar, and a radial hole extending to the movable cavity along the radial direction of the cutter bar is formed in the peripheral wall of the cutter bar; the telescopic knife handle is arranged in the radial hole, and the outer end of the telescopic knife handle is provided with a blade; the feeding rod is arranged in the movable cavity in a lifting and sliding manner and is in transmission fit with the telescopic cutter handle so that the feeding rod can lift to drive the telescopic cutter handle to stretch radially, and the feeding rod is connected with a feeding driving mechanism for driving the feeding rod to lift relative to the cutter bar.

The spiral broaching machine capable of realizing three-axis linkage provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following technical effects: the feeding rod slides in the cavity to drive the telescopic tool handle to slide along the radial hole in a telescopic mode, so that the blades at the outer end of the telescopic tool handle can be stretched, the peripheral radius of the blades is changed, the diameter change of a spiral groove on a workpiece is further realized, namely the groove depth change of the spiral groove, and the three-axis linkage is realized by matching with the rotation of the main shaft and the lifting of the sliding plate, so that the diameter-changing processing of the spiral groove is realized; in addition, the spiral grooves with various specifications can be machined by replacing the telescopic tool shank, the applicability of the device is improved, and the production cost of workpieces is reduced; when the depth of the spiral groove is larger, the blade can be machined for multiple times, and the extending size of the blade is gradually increased, namely the machining radius of the blade is machined from small to large for multiple times; the method is not only suitable for processing the spiral groove with variable diameter, but also suitable for processing the spiral groove with larger depth.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the tool bar comprises: the interior of the broach rod is provided with a first hollow cavity, and the upper end of the broach rod is connected with the sliding plate; the cutter head is detachably arranged at the lower end of the broach rod and can synchronously rotate along with the broach rod, a second hollow cavity is arranged in the broach rod, and the radial hole is formed in the cutter head; wherein the first hollow cavity and the second hollow cavity are communicated to form a movable cavity.

According to some embodiments of the invention, a first guide structure is arranged at the inner end of the telescopic knife handle, and the extension direction of the first guide structure and the axial direction of the knife head form an inclined included angle; and a second guide structure matched with the first guide structure is arranged at the lower end of the feeding rod.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the second hollow cavity has an inwardly projecting lobe and the feed bar is provided with a reentrant corner that mates with the lobe.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the four convex corners and the four concave corners are each rectangular.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the first guide structure is a slide rail with a T-shaped cross section, the second guide structure is a slide groove with a T-shaped cross section, the slide rail and the slide groove extend from top to bottom in an inclined manner towards the central axis of the feed rod.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the cutter head peripheral wall is provided with a plurality of caulking grooves, wear-resistant pieces are embedded in the caulking grooves, and the wear-resistant pieces protrude out of the cutter head peripheral wall; the bottom surface of the caulking groove and the axis of the tool bit form an inclined included angle, and the upper end and the lower end of the caulking groove are provided with adjusting threaded holes; the bottom surface of the wear-resistant piece is matched with the bottom surface of the caulking groove, blind holes aligned with the adjusting threaded holes are formed in the upper end and the lower end of the wear-resistant piece, the adjusting threaded holes are provided with adjusting screws, the end parts of the adjusting screws are inserted into the blind holes, and the positions of the wear-resistant piece are adjusted through the adjusting screws at the two ends in a screwing mode so as to adjust the height of the wear-resistant piece protruding out of the peripheral wall of the tool bit.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the first hollow cavity has a section of threaded inner wall, the upper end of the cutter head has a section of threaded shaft matched with the threaded inner wall, and the threaded shaft is inserted into the first hollow cavity and is in threaded connection with the threaded inner wall.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the lower end of the broach rod is provided with a first key groove, the peripheral wall of the broach head is provided with a second key groove corresponding to the first key groove, and a limit key is embedded in the first key groove and the corresponding second key groove.

According to some embodiments of the invention, the telescopic handle comprises: the first guide structure is arranged at the inner end of the knife handle body; the tool holder is detachably arranged at the outer end of the tool shank body and is provided with a butting part and a limiting groove, the inner end of the blade is embedded into the limiting groove, and the back part of the blade butts against the butting part; and the pressing plate is detachably arranged on the tool holder, compresses the blade and is matched with the abutting part to clamp the blade.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an installation structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the knife bar, the telescopic handle and the feed bar;

FIG. 3 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken at B-B of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a state where the cutter head and the pull rod are connected;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the cutter head, the draw bar and the feed bar in an exploded state;

FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the feed beam and the cutter head;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the assembled structure of the telescopic tool shank;

FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the telescopic handle;

FIG. 10 is an exploded view of the telescopic handle;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view at C of FIG. 6;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the rotary drive mechanism;

FIG. 13 is an exploded view of the rotary drive mechanism;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary drive mechanism;

fig. 15 is an enlarged view at D in fig. 14.

Reference numerals:

the pull rod 100, the first hollow cavity 101, the first key groove 110, the connecting flange 120 and the threaded inner wall 130;

the second hollow cavity 201 of the cutter head 200 is provided with a radial hole 210 and a caulking groove 220, an adjusting screw hole 221, an adjusting screw 222, a threaded shaft 230 and a convex angle 260 of a limiting key 250;

the tool comprises a telescopic tool shank 300, a tool shank body 310, a first guide structure 311, a cooling liquid inlet 312, a cooling liquid transition port 313, a positioning hole 314, an auxiliary positioning column 315 and a first connecting hole 316; the tool holder 320, the abutting part 321, the limiting groove 322, the avoiding groove 323, the cooling liquid outlet 324, the positioning groove 325, the directional groove 326, the connecting column 327, the positioning protrusion 328 and the second connecting hole 329; a blade 330, a pressure plate 340, a pressing portion 341, a positioning portion 342, and a connection screw 343; a fastener 350;

a feed bar 400, a second guide structure 410, a reentrant angle 420, a feed drive mechanism 430;

the wear-resistant plate comprises a wear-resistant plate 600, a wedge 610, a blind hole 611, a wear-resistant plate body 620 and a fastening screw 630;

the device comprises a lathe bed 700, a sliding guide structure 710 and a supporting platform 720;

a main shaft 800, a sliding plate 900 and a lifting driving mechanism 910.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Referring to fig. 1 to 11, a screw bench capable of three-axis linkage according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a bed 700, a spindle 800, a slide plate 900, a tool bar, a telescopic tool holder 300, and a feed bar 400.

The bed 700 stands on the ground, and a supporting platform 720 is provided at the bottom. The main shaft 800 is mounted at the lower end of the lathe bed 700, the main shaft 800 is used for clamping a workpiece 801, specifically, the main shaft 800 is mounted on the supporting platform 720, and the main shaft 800 is provided with a multi-jaw chuck for clamping the workpiece. A rotation driving mechanism is connected to the main shaft 800 to drive it to rotate.

The sliding plate 900 is installed on the lathe bed 700 in a lifting and sliding manner, the sliding plate 900 is positioned above the main shaft 800, and the sliding plate 900 is connected with a lifting driving mechanism 910 for driving the sliding plate 900 to lift; the lifting driving mechanism 910 may be a telescopic hydraulic cylinder and is installed on the bed 700. In addition, the bed 700 is provided with a sliding guide structure 710, and the sliding plate 900 is provided with a guide hole matched with the sliding guide structure 710, so that the lifting guide is realized.

The cutter bar is vertically connected with the sliding plate 900 so as to be capable of lifting along with the sliding plate, a movable cavity is arranged in the cutter bar, and a radial hole 210 extending to the movable cavity along the radial direction of the cutter bar is arranged on the peripheral wall of the cutter bar; the telescopic knife handle 300 is arranged in the radial hole 210, and the outer end of the telescopic knife handle is provided with a blade 330; the feeding rod 400 is arranged in the movable cavity in a lifting sliding mode and is in transmission fit with the telescopic tool shank 300, so that the feeding rod 400 is lifted to drive the telescopic tool shank 300 to stretch radially, the feeding rod 400 is connected with a feeding driving mechanism 430 for driving the feeding rod to lift relative to the tool shank, and the feeding driving mechanism 430 is arranged on the sliding plate 900 and can lift synchronously along with the sliding plate. The telescopic tool handle is driven to telescopically slide along the radial hole by the sliding of the feeding rod in the cavity, so that the blades at the outer end of the telescopic tool handle can be telescopic, the peripheral radius of the blades is changed, the diameter change of a spiral groove on a workpiece is reflected, namely the groove depth change of the spiral groove, and the three-axis linkage is realized by the rotation of the main shaft and the lifting of the sliding plate, so that the diameter-changing processing of the spiral groove is realized; in addition, spiral grooves of various specifications can be machined by adjusting the position of the telescopic cutter handle, the applicability of the device is improved, and the design and machining cost of the cutter bar is reduced. The feed driving mechanism 430 may be a mechanism having a telescopic driving function, such as an air cylinder or an oil cylinder.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the tool bar comprises a broach bar 100 and a tool bit 200. A first hollow cavity 101 is arranged in the broach rod 100, and the upper end of the broach rod 100 is connected with the sliding plate 900; specifically, the upper end of the broach rod 100 is provided with a connecting flange 120, and the sliding plate 900 is provided with a flange plate corresponding to the connecting flange 120 and is fixed by bolts. The cutter head 200 is detachably arranged at the lower end of the broach rod 100 and can synchronously rotate along with the broach rod 100, a second hollow cavity 201 is arranged in the cutter head 200, and the radial hole 210 is arranged in the cutter head 200; wherein the first hollow cavity 101 and the second hollow cavity 201 are communicated and form a movable cavity. The accessible is dismantled the change to the tool bit to adapt to the work piece hole of equidimension not, also conveniently change the maintenance to the tool bit that damages in addition, reduce spare part replacement cost.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the inner end of the telescopic handle 300 is provided with a first guiding structure 311, and the extending direction of the first guiding structure 311 forms an inclined included angle with the axial direction of the tool bit 200; the lower end of the feed bar 400 is provided with a second guide structure 410 engaged with the first guide structure 311. Through the cooperation of first guide structure 311 and second guide structure 410 for when the feed bar slides from top to bottom, can drive flexible handle of a knife 300 and slide along radial hole is flexible, and the blade 330 that realizes flexible handle of a knife 300 outer end can stretch out and draw back and change.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the second hollow cavity 201 has a convex corner 260 protruding inward, and the feeding rod 400 is provided with a concave corner 420 matching with the convex corner 260. The sliding guide of the feed bar 400 is achieved by the cooperation of the convex angle 260 and the concave angle 420.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, four convex corners 260 and four concave corners 420 are distributed in a rectangular shape, that is, the cross-section of the second hollow cavity 201 is cross-shaped, four L-shaped right angles are arranged on the peripheral wall of the feeding rod 400 to match with the cross-shaped L-shaped corners, so as to realize sliding guidance, and in addition, the feeding rod can be well supported by limiting in four directions, so as to resist the force applied during the process of machining the telescopic handle and improve the structural strength of the feeding rod. In addition, the telescopic knife handle can be arranged on the peripheral wall of the knife head in a plurality of and uniformly distributed modes as required, in the embodiment, four telescopic knife handles and four radial holes are correspondingly arranged, so that the structure is uniform and symmetrical, and the stress of the feed rod is uniform. The convex angle 260 and the concave angle 420 are matched to enhance the supporting rigidity of the small head of the feed rod, and the processing error caused by asymmetric cutting force is solved; the rigidity of the cutter head is enhanced, the torsional deformation of the cutter head is reduced, particularly the vibration caused by asymmetric cutting caused by odd grooves is solved, and the precision and the surface roughness of a spiral line are improved when the size of an inner hole of a workpiece is changed and the hardness of the workpiece is changed.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the first guiding structure 311 is a sliding rail with a T-shaped cross section, the second guiding structure 410 is a sliding groove with a T-shaped cross section, and the sliding rail and the sliding groove both extend from top to bottom towards the central axis of the feeding rod 400 in an inclined manner, i.e. as shown in fig. 3, the lower end of the feeding rod 400 is tapered with a pointed end at the lower end. The T-shaped section can realize better connection limitation, so that the sliding groove and the sliding rail are matched stably and tightly, the phenomenon of separation from the matching cannot occur, the matching precision is guaranteed, and the processing precision is guaranteed. In addition, as shown in fig. 7, the feeding rod 400 is divided into two sections, which are an acting section 401 and a connecting section 402, respectively, the second guiding structure 410 and the reentrant angle 420 are both disposed on the acting section 401, the acting section 401 is connected to the lower end of the connecting section 402, the acting section 401 is used for contacting with the telescopic tool handle 300 to drive the telescopic tool handle to extend and retract, and the connecting section 402 is used for connecting with the feeding driving mechanism 430 to realize the feeding motion of the feeding rod 400. The feed driving mechanism 430 may be a driving mechanism having a lifting driving function such as a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, a telescopic motor, or the like.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the circumferential wall of the tool bit 200 is provided with a plurality of caulking grooves 220, the caulking grooves 220 are embedded with wear-resistant pieces 600, the wear-resistant pieces 600 protrude out of the circumferential wall of the tool bit 200, the wear-resistant pieces 600 contact with the inner hole of the workpiece, so that the circumferential matching between the tool bit 200 and the inner hole of the workpiece is realized, the tool bit 200 has circumferential limit, circumferential vibration and deviation cannot be generated in the lifting broaching process, and the processing precision is ensured.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the bottom surface of the insert groove 220 forms an inclined angle with the axis of the tool bit 200, and the upper end and the lower end of the insert groove 220 are provided with adjusting threaded holes 221. The bottom surface of the wear-resistant plate 600 is matched with the bottom surface of the caulking groove 220, namely, the bottom surface of the wear-resistant plate 600 is consistent with the inclination of the bottom surface of the caulking groove 220. The upper end and the lower end of the wear-resistant piece 600 are provided with blind holes 611 aligned with the adjusting threaded holes 221, the adjusting threaded holes 221 are provided with adjusting screws 222, the ends of the adjusting screws 222 are inserted into the blind holes 611, and the positions of the wear-resistant piece 600 are adjusted by screwing the adjusting screws 222 at the two ends so as to adjust the height of the wear-resistant piece 600 protruding out of the peripheral wall of the cutter head 200. When the wear-resistant plate 600 moves up and down in the caulking groove 220, the matching of the bottom inclined plane changes the height of the wear-resistant plate 600, so that the purpose of adjusting the height of the peripheral wall of the wear-resistant plate 600 protruding out of the tool bit 200 is achieved in sequence, and the position of the wear-resistant plate 600 is adjusted in sequence to achieve the optimal position. It will be appreciated that the blind hole 611 is of sufficient size to allow relative up and down movement of the end of the adjustment screw 222. The fit clearance between the tool bit and the workpiece caused by the processing error of the inner hole of the workpiece is solved; when the clearance is bigger, the tool bit supports the rigidity poor, easily causes the shake sword, can produce a series of defects.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the wear pad 600 includes a wedge 610, a wear pad body 620, and a fastening screw 630. The bottom surface of the wedge block 610 is attached to the bottom surface of the caulking groove 220, the blind hole 611 is formed in the upper end and the lower end of the wedge block 610, and the wear-resistant plate body 620 is mounted on the outer surface of the wedge block 610 through the fastening screw 630, so that the wear-resistant plate body 620 can be detached and replaced when being damaged, the replacement cost of parts is reduced, and materials are saved.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the first hollow cavity 101 has a section of the inner threaded wall 130, the upper end of the cutter head 200 has a section of the threaded shaft 230 matching with the inner threaded wall 130, and the threaded shaft 230 is inserted into the first hollow cavity 101 and is in threaded connection with the inner threaded wall 130. The detachable connection of the cutter head 200 is realized through the connection of the threaded shaft 230 and the threaded inner wall 130, so that the subsequent replacement and maintenance are convenient.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the lower end of the broach rod 100 has a first keyway 110, the outer peripheral wall of the cutter head 200 is provided with a second keyway 240 corresponding to the first keyway 110, the first keyway 110 and the corresponding second keyway 240 are embedded with a limit key 250, the first limit key 250 is fixedly connected with the cutter head 200 through a screw, and the first limit key 250 is used for transmitting torque, so that the broach rod 100 and the cutter head 200 are circumferentially fixed, and the connection between the threaded shaft 230 and the threaded inner wall 130 is prevented from being loosened, which causes processing errors and affects processing precision.

The telescopic tool shank 300 includes a shank body 310, a toolholder 320, and a pressure plate 340. The first guide structure 311 is arranged at the inner end of the knife handle body 310; the first guiding structure 311 is specifically a slide rail. The tool holder 320 is detachably mounted at the outer end of the tool holder body 310 and is provided with an abutting part 321 and a limiting groove 322, the inner end of the blade 330 is embedded into the limiting groove 322, and the back part of the blade abuts against the abutting part 321; the pressing plate 340 is detachably mounted to the tool holder 320 and presses the insert 330, and the pressing plate 340 cooperates with the abutting portion 321 to clamp the insert 330. Spacing is realized to blade embedding spacing groove, and through the tight rigidity that realizes of the clamp of support portion and preforming, the connection dismantled of blade makes things convenient for follow-up blade wearing and tearing to change, reduces the replacement cost, improves change efficiency. The split type structure solves the problem of replacement of the tool holders required by different groove sections of the same inner hole, and shortens the required auxiliary time for variety replacement.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the auxiliary positioning pillars 315 extending in parallel along the axial direction of the tool holder body 310 are arranged on the circumferential side of the tool holder body 310, the auxiliary positioning holes 211 matched with the auxiliary positioning pillars 315 are arranged on the circumferential wall of the radial hole 210, the radial hole 210 matches with the profile of the tool holder body 310, and under the action of the tool holder body 310 and the auxiliary positioning pillars 315, when the tool holder body 310 is installed in the radial hole 210, the freedom degree of rotation along the axis of the tool holder body is not generated, so that the whole applied torque is prevented from concentrating on the sliding rail, the stress concentration is avoided, and the structural strength is improved. The double-cylinder design of the tool holder body 310 and the auxiliary positioning column 315 solves the problem that the tool holder is sealed by cooling water in the sliding process when a plurality of tool holders are installed in a narrow space, so that the cooling water can be basically uniformly sprayed to a machining area in a plurality of working areas, scrap iron can be taken away rapidly, and tool breakage can be effectively prevented. And other cross sections have the shape of corners, and the corners of the cross sections are usually provided with chamfers, and the chamfers can cause cooling water leakage, so that the cooling effect is poor.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the holder 320 is provided with a connection post 327 corresponding to the auxiliary positioning post 315, the auxiliary positioning post 315 and the connection post 327 are provided with corresponding connection holes for being connected and fixed by a fastener 350, specifically, the auxiliary positioning post 315 is provided with a first connection hole 316, the connection post 327 is provided with a second connection hole 329, the first connection hole 316 is aligned with the second connection hole 329 and is provided with a fastener 350, and the fastener 350 may be a screw.

In some embodiments of the invention, the blade 330 has an inner end that engages the retaining groove 322 and an outer end that is configured to cut a workpiece. The cross section of the limiting groove 322 is in a trapezoid shape with a narrow top and a wide bottom, and avoidance grooves 323 are arranged at two corners of the bottom of the limiting groove 322. The avoidance groove 323 avoids the corners from generating structural interference, which affects the mounting and mounting accuracy of the blade 330. The trapezoidal limiting groove 322 can achieve a good limiting effect.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the holder 320 is provided with a positioning groove 325 for partially embedding the pressing plate 340, specifically, the holder 320 is partially cylindrical, and the positioning groove 325 is matched with the cylinder, so as to realize positioning and installation and simplify installation.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the positioning groove 325 is provided with an orientation groove 326 on the peripheral wall thereof, and the pressing plate 340 is provided with a positioning portion 342 on the peripheral wall thereof for matching with the orientation groove 326. The engagement of the orientation groove 326 with the positioning portion 342 enables circumferential fixation of the pressure plate 340.

It is understood that the pressing plate 340 is provided with a pressing portion 341 for pressing the blade 330, and the pressing portion 341 is formed to extend outward from the peripheral wall of the pressing plate 340. In addition, the pressing plate 340 and the tool holder 320 are provided with corresponding holes and are coupled and fixed by the coupling screw 343.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the tool holder 320 has a positioning protrusion 328 at the bottom thereof, and the tool shank body 310 has a positioning hole 314 for receiving the positioning protrusion 328. The positioning fit between the tool holder 320 and the tool holder body 310 is realized by the cooperation of the positioning protrusion 328 and the positioning hole 314, so that the mounting accuracy is improved, and the mounting is also convenient.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the peripheral wall of the tool holder body 310 defines a coolant inlet 312, the contact surface of the tool holder body 310 and the tool holder 320 defines a coolant transition opening 313, the coolant transition opening 313 is in communication with the coolant inlet 312, and the tool holder 320 defines a coolant outlet 324 in communication with the coolant transition opening 313. Through the cooling liquid channel setting, corresponding cooling liquid supply line can be connected for the cooling liquid can be sprayed to the blade position, realizes the cooling.

Referring to fig. 12 to 15, the rotation drive mechanism includes a servo motor 8100, an output shaft 8300, and a shaft seat 8400. The output shaft 8300 is connected with the main shaft 800 to drive the main shaft to rotate.

The servo motor 8100 is used for providing an indexing power source, the servo motor 8100 is connected with an input shaft 8200, a speed reducer 8110 is connected between the servo motor 8100 and the input shaft 8200, and the servo motor 8100 is used for driving the speed reducer 8110 and the input shaft 8200 to rotate. Specifically, in this embodiment, the speed reducer 8110 is a cycloidal speed reducer, the cycloidal speed reducer has a small size and a compact structure, and differential gear transmission between a double cycloidal pin gear of the cycloidal speed reducer and a transmission pin can effectively eliminate backlash, so that the gear transmission efficiency of the cycloidal gear is greatly improved, indexing detection is facilitated, the rotation precision of the main shaft is improved, and the machining precision of the spiral groove is improved. One end of the speed reducer 8110, which is far away from the input shaft 8200, is provided with a connecting seat 8120, the servo motor 8100 is connected to the connecting seat 8120 through a screw, and the middle of the connecting seat 8120 is provided with an opening for connecting the speed reducer 8110 and the servo motor 8100, so that stable connection between the servo motor 8100 and the speed reducer 8110 and transmission torque in the working process are ensured.

The output shaft 8300 is used for outputting indexing power, the output shaft 8300 is connected to the input shaft 8200, and the output shaft 8300 can rotate along with the input shaft 8200.

The hollow shaft seat 8400 is used for supporting an output shaft 8300, and the output shaft 8300 is arranged inside the shaft seat 8400. Shaft seat 8400 and servo motor 8100 are both mounted on bed 700.

The output shaft 8300 is directly connected with the input shaft 8200, the servo motor 8100 drives the output shaft 8300 and the input shaft 8200 to realize indexing, the structure is compact, a mechanical transmission chain is shortened, mechanical transmission gaps and loss are reduced, the indexing precision is high, and the processing and the assembly are easy.

In some embodiments of the invention, connection mount 8120 is fixedly connected to shaft seat 8400. The connecting seat 8120 is fixedly connected with the speed reducer 8110 and the shaft seat 8400 through screws so as to ensure stable connection of the three in the working process.

Specifically, the invention further comprises a detection device 8500 which can be an optical indexing detection device, wherein the optical indexing detection device is arranged on the input shaft 8200 to detect the indexing output of the output shaft 8300 in real time, the output data is fed back to the main control system, and the rotating speed output of the servo motor 8100 is changed after the output data is compared with the preset data of the main control system, so that the actual indexing output of the output shaft 8300 is infinitely close to the indexing output required by theory.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a dust cover 8410 is fixedly disposed at one end of the shaft seat 8400 close to the output shaft 8300, and the dust cover 8410 is configured to protect high-precision components such as the servo motor 8100, the speed reducer 8110, the input shaft 8200, the output shaft 8300, and the detection device 8500, and prevent the high-precision components from being interfered by an external environment during a working process. The output shaft 8300 is tightly pressed by the dustproof cover 8410, and an opening for the output shaft 8300 to partially extend out is formed in the middle of the dustproof cover 8410, so that the output shaft 8300 is connected with an external structure to output indexing power. A sealing structure 8411, which may be a mechanical labyrinth structure, is disposed in a contact area between the output shaft 8300 and the dust cover 8410 to prevent external liquid and foreign objects from entering the inside of the apparatus.

In some embodiments of the invention, input shaft 8200 is held within shaft seat 8400 by first bearing 8210.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the output shaft 8300 is supported inside the shaft seat 8400 by a second bearing 8310.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a limiting block 8420 extends radially inward from the middle of the inner wall of the shaft seat 8400, and the limiting block 8420 divides the shaft seat 8400 into a first cavity 8401 and a second cavity 8402 from bottom to top. The first cavity 8401 is of a stepped structure with a gradually-increased cross section from top to bottom, so that the input shaft 8200 and the first bearing 8210 can be conveniently installed in or removed from the shaft seat 8400; the second cavity 8402 is a stepped structure with a gradually increasing cross section from bottom to top, so that the output shaft 8300 and the second bearing 8310 can be conveniently assembled into or disassembled from the shaft seat 8400.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the first bearing 8210 is disposed in the first cavity 8401 and abuts against the stop block 8420, and the second bearing 8310 is disposed in the second cavity 8402 and abuts against the stop block 8420.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the output shaft 8300 is connected to the input shaft 8200 through a screw and a flat key, the output shaft 8300 and the input shaft 8200 are rotatably disposed in the shaft seat 8400 through a first bearing 8210 and a second bearing 8310, respectively, the connection seat 8120 is fixedly connected to the speed reducer 8110 and the shaft seat 8400 through screws, and the dust cover 8410 is connected to the shaft seat 8400 through screws and compresses the output shaft 8300, so that the positioning of each part is realized.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, a sealing ring 8211 is disposed between the first bearing 8210 and the second bearing 8310 and between the inner walls of the shaft seat 8400.

In some embodiments of the invention, a blocking ring 8212 is disposed on one side of the sealing ring 8211, the blocking ring 8212 is connected to the shaft seat 8400 through a screw, the blocking ring 8212 is connected with a clamping ring 8213, and the sealing ring 8211 is partially embedded between the blocking ring 8212 and the clamping ring 8213.

Preferably, a circulating lubrication channel 8221 is designed in each structure of the invention, and lubricating grease can be injected and discharged through a designated position so as to provide lubrication, reduce loss and improve working efficiency.

The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: an input shaft 8200 and an output shaft 8300 are supported and arranged in the shaft seat 8400 through a first bearing 8210 and a second bearing 8310, the output shaft 8300 is directly connected with the input shaft 8200, the input shaft 8200 is connected with the output end of the speed reducer 8110, so that the output shaft 8300 and the input shaft 8200 are driven by the speed reducer 8110 to realize indexing, and the speed reducer 8110 (a cycloidal speed reducer) is driven by the servo motor 8100 to realize the speed reduction function; one end of the speed reducer 8110, which is far away from the input shaft 8200, is provided with a connecting seat 8120, and the servo motor 8100 is connected to the connecting seat 8120 through a screw, so that stable connection between the servo motor 8100 and the speed reducer 8110 in the working process is guaranteed, and torque is transmitted. A dust cover 8410 is arranged at one end of the output graduation of the output shaft 8300, and the dust cover 8410 is matched with the shaft seat 8400 to protect high-precision components such as the servo motor 8100, the speed reducer 8110, the input shaft 8200 and the output shaft 8300 and prevent the interference of the external environment; a sealing structure 8411 is provided in a contact area of the output shaft 8300 and the dust cover 8410 to prevent external liquid and foreign matter from entering the inside of the apparatus.

The broaching machine has the advantages that:

1. the broaching machine can be used for machining a workpiece with a deep spiral groove for broaching for multiple times, is not like the existing broaching machine, is only suitable for the workpiece with small machining allowance, and is low in machining efficiency because the cutter needs to be replaced one by one if the deep spiral groove needs to be machined.

2. The chips produced by the broaching machine can automatically fall off. Compared with a numerical control horizontal lathe, the numerical control horizontal lathe has the advantages that the tool vibration phenomenon is easily generated during turning due to the fact that the length and the diameter of a workpiece are large, and the surface roughness is affected; scrap iron is difficult to discharge in the workpiece; in the machining process, the cutter is abraded quickly, so that the sections of different grooves of the same workpiece are inconsistent, and the feeding consistency of the injection molding machine is influenced. And the single-edge cutting efficiency of the numerical control horizontal lathe is low.

3. The processing is simple. Compared with a numerical control slotting machine, the numerical control slotting machine is manufactured by adopting multi-section welding due to the limitation of tool vibration and stroke, the process route is long, the process is complex, and the welding precision is completely guaranteed by the level of an operator.

4. The machine has the advantages of continuous broaching machine, adopts multi-edge cutting, and greatly improves the working efficiency.

5. The multiple blades during cutting are utilized, the blades are symmetrically arranged, the radial acting force of a cutter on the cutter bar is greatly reduced, and the cutter bar is supported by the inner wall of a workpiece, so that the phenomenon of cutter vibration during machining is avoided.

6. And a vertical structure is adopted, so that chips can be removed, and the influence of scrap iron on the surface quality is eliminated.

7. And a vertical structure is adopted, so that the workpiece clamping is facilitated, and the processing auxiliary time is reduced.

In the description of the specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A spiral broaching machine capable of realizing three-axis linkage is characterized by comprising:

a bed (700);

the main shaft (800) is arranged at the lower end of the lathe bed (700), is used for clamping a workpiece (801), and is connected with a rotary driving mechanism to drive the workpiece to rotate;

the sliding plate (900) is arranged on the lathe bed (700) in a lifting sliding manner, is positioned above the main shaft (800), and is connected with a lifting driving mechanism (910) for driving the lifting driving mechanism to lift;

the cutter bar is vertically connected with the sliding plate so as to be capable of lifting along with the sliding plate, a movable cavity is arranged in the cutter bar, and a radial hole (210) extending to the movable cavity along the radial direction of the cutter bar is formed in the peripheral wall of the cutter bar;

the telescopic cutter handle (300) is arranged in the radial hole (210), and the outer end of the telescopic cutter handle is provided with a blade (330);

the feeding rod (400) is arranged in the movable cavity in a lifting sliding mode and is in transmission fit with the telescopic cutter handle (300) so that the feeding rod (400) is lifted to drive the telescopic cutter handle (300) to radially extend and retract, and the feeding rod (400) is connected with a feeding driving mechanism (430) which drives the feeding rod to lift relative to the cutter handle;

the cutter arbor includes:

the interior of the broach rod (100) is provided with a first hollow cavity (101), and the upper end of the broach rod is connected with the sliding plate (900);

the cutter head (200) is detachably arranged at the lower end of the broach rod (100) and can synchronously rotate along with the broach rod (100), a second hollow cavity (201) is arranged in the cutter head (200), and the radial hole (210) is arranged in the cutter head (200); wherein the first hollow cavity (101) and the second hollow cavity (201) are communicated and form a movable cavity;

the circumferential wall of the cutter head (200) is provided with a plurality of caulking grooves (220), wear-resistant pieces (600) are embedded in the caulking grooves (220), and the wear-resistant pieces (600) protrude out of the circumferential wall of the cutter head (200); the bottom surface of the caulking groove (220) and the axis of the tool bit (200) form an inclined included angle, and the upper end and the lower end of the caulking groove (220) are provided with adjusting threaded holes (221); the bottom surface of the wear-resistant piece (600) is matched with the bottom surface of the caulking groove (220), blind holes (611) aligned with the adjusting threaded holes (221) are formed in the upper end and the lower end of the wear-resistant piece (600), adjusting screws (222) are installed in the adjusting threaded holes (221), the end portions of the adjusting screws (222) are inserted into the blind holes (611), and the positions of the wear-resistant piece (600) are adjusted by screwing the adjusting screws (222) at the two ends so as to adjust the height of the wear-resistant piece (600) protruding out of the peripheral wall of the cutter head (200).

2. The helical broaching machine capable of triaxial linkage according to claim 1, wherein: a first guide structure (311) is arranged at the inner end of the telescopic cutter handle (300), and the extending direction of the first guide structure (311) forms an inclined included angle with the axial direction of the cutter head (200); the lower end of the feed rod (400) is provided with a second guide structure (410) matched with the first guide structure (311).

3. The helical broaching machine capable of triaxial linkage according to claim 1, wherein: the second hollow cavity (201) is provided with a convex angle (260) protruding inwards, and the feeding rod (400) is provided with a concave angle (420) matched with the convex angle (260).

4. The screw bench capable of triaxial linkage according to claim 3, wherein: the convex angle (260) and the concave angle (420) are respectively distributed in four rectangular shapes.

5. The helical broaching machine capable of triaxial linkage according to claim 2, wherein: the first guide structure (311) is a slide rail with a T-shaped cross section, the second guide structure (410) is a T-shaped slide groove matched with the slide rail, and the slide rail and the slide groove extend towards the central axis of the feeding rod (400) from top to bottom in an inclined mode.

6. The helical broaching machine capable of triaxial linkage according to claim 1, wherein: the first hollow cavity (101) is provided with a section of threaded inner wall (130), the upper end of the cutter head (200) is provided with a section of threaded shaft (230) matched with the threaded inner wall (130), and the threaded shaft (230) is inserted into the first hollow cavity (101) and is in threaded connection with the threaded inner wall (130).

7. The screw bench capable of triaxial linkage according to claim 6, wherein: the broach pole (100) lower extreme has first keyway (110), tool bit (200) periphery wall is equipped with second keyway (240) that correspond with first keyway (110), first keyway (110) and second keyway (240) embedding that correspond have a spacing key (250).

8. The helical broaching machine capable of triaxial linkage according to claim 2, wherein: the telescopic tool shank (300) comprises:

the first guide structure (311) is arranged at the inner end of the knife handle body (310);

the tool holder (320) is detachably arranged at the outer end of the tool shank body (310) and is provided with an abutting part (321) and a limiting groove (322), the inner end of the blade (330) is embedded into the limiting groove (322), and the back of the blade abuts against the abutting part (321);

and a pressing plate (340) which is detachably mounted on the tool holder (320), presses the insert (330), and is engaged with the abutting portion (321) to clamp the insert (330).