CN112170511A - Preparation method of gold alloy coated copper composite wire - Google Patents
Preparation method of gold alloy coated copper composite wire Download PDFInfo
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- CN112170511A CN112170511A CN202010793935.5A CN202010793935A CN112170511A CN 112170511 A CN112170511 A CN 112170511A CN 202010793935 A CN202010793935 A CN 202010793935A CN 112170511 A CN112170511 A CN 112170511A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
- B21C1/003—Drawing materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special drawing methods or sequences
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
- B21C37/047—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire of fine wires
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a gold alloy coated copper composite wire, which comprises the following steps: step one, sleeving a gold alloy pipe on a beryllium bronze rod to obtain a gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank; step two, pre-drawing to obtain a pre-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank; step three, carrying out hot drawing in an argon atmosphere to obtain a gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank after the hot drawing; step four, cold drawing to obtain a gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank after cold drawing; and step five, performing aging treatment to obtain the gold alloy coated copper composite wire. The method uses a gold alloy tube as an outer-layer coating layer, uses high-strength beryllium bronze as an inner-layer core rod, and uses the gold alloy tube to be sleeved on the beryllium bronze core rod and then carries out drawing pre-compounding, medium-temperature hot drawing, cold drawing and aging treatment to obtain the high-elasticity and high-strength gold-coated copper composite wire material with the advantages of thin thickness, good thickness uniformity of the composite layer, high concentricity, and high elasticity and strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal composite material processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a gold alloy copper-clad composite wire.
Background
The sliding electric contact material is in sliding contact with the conducting ring by means of the elastic pressure of the electric brush, so that various powers, signals and currents of the two unlimited continuous rotating mechanisms can be precisely and accurately transmitted.
The gold-based alloy comprises alloy materials such as AuAgCu, AuNi and AuCuPtAg, has good corrosion resistance and wear resistance, high strength and elasticity and small contact stress relaxation, enables the contact element to have the advantages of long service life, high working reliability, high output precision and the like, and is the best choice for electric brushes and light-load electric contact materials. However, as the requirements for long life, high stability and low cost of products in the industrial application field are continuously increased, the technical requirements for higher wear resistance, strength and elastic modulus of the electric contact material are developed.
The beryllium bronze has high strength limit, elastic limit, yield limit and fatigue limit, and simultaneously has high electric conductivity, thermal conductivity, high hardness and wear resistance, high creep resistance and corrosion resistance. The beryllium bronze high-elasticity conductive material and the gold-based electric contact material are compounded to prepare the high-elasticity gold alloy copper-clad composite electric contact material wire, the outer layer utilizes the characteristics of good chemical stability, electric conductivity, thermal conductivity and low and stable contact resistance of the gold alloy, and the inner layer utilizes the characteristics of high strength, elastic modulus and the like of the copper alloy. In addition, the precious metal material is greatly saved, and the precious metal material can be saved by 70 percent compared with the traditional gold alloy electric contact material.
The gold-based alloy composite layer in the gold alloy-coated copper composite wire is thin, has high requirements on the combination state and thickness uniformity of the composite layer, and has high surface finish, straightness, high elasticity and strength.
The preparation of the composite wire generally adopts a solid-phase composite technology of plastic processing and diffusion annealing, for example, the Chinese patent application document 'gold/silver/copper alloy novel composite wire material and preparation method thereof' with the application number of 201210580244.2 and the publication date of 2013, 5 and 1 discloses a method for preparing the composite wire by carrying out hot extrusion, cold drawing and heat treatment on a wire blank subjected to package sealing through an extruder of 800 tons, the composite layer interface of the composite wire prepared by the method is easy to form a saw-tooth shape, the composite layer has large concentricity deviation and uneven thickness, the service life is influenced, and the existing preparation method of the metal composite wire is difficult to prepare the high-elasticity gold alloy copper-clad electric contact composite wire material.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method for manufacturing a gold alloy-coated copper composite wire, which overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art. The method uses a gold alloy tube as an outer-layer coating layer, uses high-strength beryllium bronze as an inner-layer core rod, and uses the gold alloy tube to be sleeved on the beryllium bronze core rod and then carries out drawing pre-compounding, medium-temperature hot drawing, cold drawing and aging treatment to obtain the high-elasticity and high-strength gold-coated copper composite wire material with the advantages of thin thickness, good thickness uniformity of the composite layer, high concentricity, and high elasticity and strength.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a preparation method of a gold alloy coated copper composite wire is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, sleeving a gold alloy pipe on a beryllium bronze rod to obtain a gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank;
step two, pre-drawing the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank in the step one to obtain a pre-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank;
step three, in an argon atmosphere, carrying out hot drawing on the pre-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank in the step two at the temperature of 500-600 ℃ to obtain a hot-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank;
step four, cold drawing the hot-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank to obtain a cold-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank;
and step five, carrying out aging treatment on the cold-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank to obtain the gold alloy coated copper composite wire.
The preparation method of the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire is characterized in that the inner diameter of the gold alloy tube in the step one is (beryllium bronze rod diameter +0.1) mm to (beryllium bronze rod diameter +0.2) mm.
The preparation method of the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire is characterized in that the gold alloy pipe in the step one is a gold alloy pipe obtained by carrying out solution heat treatment, dilute sulfuric acid immersion cleaning, ultrasonic cleaning, absolute ethyl alcohol dehydration and drying on a gold alloy pipe with the outer diameter of 3-8 mm and the wall thickness of 0.25-1.0 mm;
the temperature of the solution heat treatment is 600-700 ℃, and the time of the solution heat treatment is 30-60 min;
the dilute sulfuric acid is 10-20% by mass, and the time for soaking and washing the dilute sulfuric acid is 20-40 min;
the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic cleaning is 40 kHz-60 kHz, and the ultrasonic cleaning time is 10 min-30 min;
the absolute ethyl alcohol dehydration step is to soak the gold alloy pipe subjected to ultrasonic cleaning in absolute ethyl alcohol for 1-5 min;
the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the drying time is 30-60 min;
the gold alloy pipe includes an AuAgCu gold alloy pipe, an AuNi gold alloy pipe, or an AuCuPtAg gold alloy pipe.
The preparation method of the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire is characterized in that the beryllium bronze rod in the step one is a beryllium bronze rod obtained by carrying out solution heat treatment, surface cleaning and nickel plating on a beryllium bronze rod with the diameter of 2.5-7.0 mm;
the mass percent of Be in the beryllium bronze bar is 1.6-2.0%, the mass percent of Co is 0.35-0.65%, the mass percent of Ni is 0.20-0.25%, and the balance is Cu; the tensile strength of the beryllium bronze bar is more than or equal to 1000MPa, and the elastic modulus is more than or equal to 110 Gpa;
the cleaning agent for cleaning the surface is absolute ethyl alcohol;
the thickness of the nickel layer of the beryllium bronze rod obtained after nickel plating is 8-12 mu m.
The preparation method of the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire is characterized in that the gold alloy tube is sleeved on the beryllium bronze rod in the first step, the gold alloy tube penetrates through the front end and the rear end of the beryllium bronze rod, the length of the penetrating part of the front end of the beryllium bronze rod penetrating through the gold alloy tube is 10-30 mm, and the length of the penetrating part of the rear end of the beryllium bronze rod penetrating through the gold alloy tube is 30-80 mm.
The preparation method of the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire is characterized in that the pre-drawing in the step two is pre-drawing by using a pre-drawing die, the length of a sizing belt of the pre-drawing die is 0.15 times of the outer diameter of the gold alloy pipe, the diameter of a die hole of the pre-drawing die is 2.3-7.6 mm, and the die angle is 12 degrees; the processing deformation amount of the pre-drawing in the second step is 30-43%.
The preparation method of the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire is characterized in that in the third step, the hot drawing is carried out through a hot drawing device, and the hot drawing device comprises a quartz tube, a heating furnace for heating the quartz tube, an argon tube, a hot drawing die support, a cooling device for spraying circulating cooling water and a traction device for drawing a coiled wire blank;
the two ends of the quartz tube are opened, the hot drawing die is arranged in front of the quartz tube, a die hole of the hot drawing die is over against the front end opening of the quartz tube, one end of the argon tube is connected to the rear end opening of the quartz tube, and the other end of the argon tube is communicated with an argon gas source;
the hot drawing die is fixed on the hot drawing die support, and the quartz tube is detachably connected to the hot drawing die support;
the traction device is arranged on one side of the hot drawing die bracket, which is far away from the hot drawing die, and the cooling device is arranged between the hot drawing die bracket and the traction device;
the length of a sizing belt of the hot drawing die is 0.4 times of the outer diameter of the gold alloy pipe, the die angle of the hot drawing die is 8 degrees, and the diameter of a die hole of the hot drawing die is 0.5-6.3 mm;
step three the hot drawing method specifically comprises:
101, placing the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank in the second step into a quartz tube, placing the quartz tube filled with the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank into a heating furnace, penetrating one end of the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank in the quartz tube out of an opening at the front end of the quartz tube, connecting the end of the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank to a traction device through a hot drawing die, and connecting the quartz tube to a hot drawing die support;
step 102, starting a heating furnace, setting the heating temperature to be 500-600 ℃, introducing argon into a quartz tube through an argon tube, starting a traction device, winding and drawing the pre-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank through a hot drawing die by the traction device, and starting a cooling device to cool the wire blank drawn out of the hot drawing die to obtain a hot-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank; the pass working rate of the hot drawing is 9-11%, and the drawing speed of the hot drawing is 10-20 m/min.
The preparation method of the gold alloy coated copper composite wire is characterized by further comprising a guide wheel arranged between the quartz tube and the hot drawing die.
The preparation method of the gold alloy coated copper composite wire is characterized by further comprising the step of carrying out solution heat treatment on the hot-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank before cold drawing in the step four, wherein the temperature of the solution heat treatment is 600-750 ℃; in the fourth step, the pass processing rate of the cold drawing is 8-12%, and the total processing amount of the cold drawing is 60-70%.
The preparation method of the gold alloy coated copper composite wire is characterized in that the temperature of the aging treatment in the fifth step is 300-350 ℃; and fifthly, the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire comprises a beryllium bronze core material and a gold alloy cladding layer which is cladded outside the beryllium bronze core material, the diameter of the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire is 0.3-0.8 mm, and the thickness of the gold alloy cladding layer is 30-60 mu m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method for preparing the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire uses a gold alloy pipe as an outer-layer coating layer, uses high-strength beryllium bronze as an inner-layer core rod, and uses the gold alloy pipe as an inner-layer core rod, and the gold alloy pipe is sleeved on the beryllium bronze core rod and then is subjected to drawing pre-compounding, medium-temperature hot drawing, cold drawing and aging treatment, so that the high-elasticity and high-strength gold-clad copper composite wire is thin in thickness, good in thickness uniformity of the composite layer, high in concentricity, more than or equal to 110Gpa in elastic modulus and more than or equal to 1000.
2. The invention takes high-strength beryllium bronze as the core rod of the inner layer, limits the pre-drawing and carries out the hot-drawing at the temperature of 500-600 ℃, and can effectively avoid the defects that micro-area melting and the intensified diffusion of copper element and a gold-based composite layer occur to further change the components of the gold-based alloy and reduce the electrical contact performance and the wear resistance of the material in the high-temperature processing and heat treatment processes because of the strong activity of the beryllium bronze.
3. Preferably, the beryllium bronze core rod is plated with a nickel layer, so that the diffusion of copper elements can be effectively blocked.
4. According to the invention, the gold alloy tube is sleeved on the beryllium bronze rod to obtain the gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank which is directly used as the wire blank of the subsequent drawing process, a metal protective sleeve is not needed, the process complexity can be effectively reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
5. The invention does not need annealing treatment after cold drawing, can avoid the defects of inconsistent plastic deformation of the inner layer and the outer layer and high difficulty in controlling the thickness and the size precision of the composite layer during plastic processing compounding because the strength and the elasticity of the beryllium bronze are high, the processing hardening is fast, and the strength of the gold-based alloy is greatly different from that of the beryllium bronze, and can also improve the production efficiency by reducing the annealing treatment process of the whole process link.
6. The preparation method has reasonable process, easy realization and high production efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic position diagram of a gold alloy tube and a beryllium bronze rod.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a hot-drawing apparatus.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a hot drawing die.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the pre-drawing die.
Description of reference numerals:
1-pre-drawing the copper-clad gold alloy composite wire blank;
2-argon pipe; 3-quartz tube; 4, heating a furnace;
5, a guide wheel; 6-hot drawing die; 7-hot drawing die holder;
8-a cooling device; 9-a traction device; 10-a gold alloy tube;
11-beryllium bronze rod.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, the hot drawing apparatus of the present embodiment includes a quartz tube 3, a heating furnace 4 for heating the quartz tube 3, an argon tube 2, a hot drawing die 6, a hot drawing die holder 7, a cooling apparatus 8 for spraying circulating cooling water, and a drawing apparatus 9 for drawing a wound wire blank; as a possible implementation manner, the cooling device 8 in this embodiment is a shower head, the traction device 9 is a disc-type wire drawing machine, the disc-type wire drawing machine includes a rotating disc for winding a wire blank and a motor for driving the rotating disc to rotate, and the rotating disc is sleeved on a motor shaft of the motor;
the two ends of the quartz tube 3 are open, the hot drawing die 6 is arranged in front of the quartz tube 3, a die hole of the hot drawing die 6 is opposite to the front end opening of the quartz tube 3, one end of the argon tube 2 is connected to the quartz tube 3 close to the rear end opening, and the other end of the argon tube 2 is communicated with an argon gas source;
the hot drawing die 6 is fixed on the hot drawing die support 7, and the quartz tube 3 is detachably connected to the hot drawing die support 7; the hot drawing die support 7 is provided with a through hole for penetrating a wire blank, and as a feasible implementation mode, the quartz tube 3 and the hot drawing die are detachably connected through clamping;
the traction device 9 is arranged on one side of the hot drawing die support 7, which is far away from the hot drawing die 6, and the cooling device 8 is arranged between the hot drawing die support 7 and the traction device 9;
as shown in fig. 3, the bearing length (L1) of the hot drawing die 6 is 0.4 times the outer diameter (D) of the gold alloy tube, and the die angle (α) of the hot drawing die 6 is 8 °;
in the embodiment, the device also comprises a guide wheel 5 arranged between the quartz tube 3 and the hot drawing die 6; as a possible embodiment, the guide wheel 5 is sleeved on a rotating shaft, and the guide wheel 5 can rotate relative to the rotating shaft;
example 2
The preparation method of the gold alloy-coated copper composite wire of the embodiment includes the following steps:
step one, carrying out solution heat treatment on a gold alloy pipe with the outer diameter of 8mm and the wall thickness of 0.6mm at 700 ℃ for 30min to obtain a pipe subjected to solution heat treatment; the gold alloy pipe is an AuAgCu gold alloy pipe;
immersing the pipe subjected to solution heat treatment in a dilute sulfuric acid solution with the mass percentage of 10% for immersion washing for 30min, taking out the pipe, washing the pipe with deionized water under an ultrasonic condition, immersing the pipe washed with the deionized water in absolute ethyl alcohol for 5min, wherein the dosage of the absolute ethyl alcohol is based on the immersion of the pipe; then baking for 60min at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a gold alloy tube; the ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz, and the cleaning time with deionized water under the ultrasonic condition is 15 min;
carrying out solution heat treatment on a beryllium bronze bar with the diameter of 6.65mm at the temperature of 780 ℃ for 15min to obtain the beryllium bronze bar subjected to solution heat treatment; in the beryllium bronze bar, the mass percent of Be is 2.0%, the mass percent of Co is 0.65%, the mass percent of Ni is 0.20%, and the balance is Cu; the tensile strength of the beryllium bronze bar is more than or equal to 1000MPa, and the elastic modulus is more than or equal to 110 Gpa;
carrying out surface cleaning on the beryllium bronze bar subjected to the solution heat treatment by using absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out nickel electroplating on the surface of the cleaned beryllium bronze bar to obtain a beryllium bronze bar, wherein the thickness of a nickel layer of the beryllium bronze bar obtained after nickel plating is 12 micrometers;
sleeving a gold alloy pipe 10 on a beryllium bronze rod 11 to obtain a gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank; the front end and the rear end of the beryllium bronze rod penetrate through the gold alloy pipe (as shown in figure 1), the length of the penetrating part (as indicated by A in figure 1) of the front end of the beryllium bronze rod penetrating through the gold alloy pipe is 20mm, and the length of the penetrating part (as indicated by B in figure 1) of the rear end of the beryllium bronze rod penetrating through the gold alloy pipe is 60 mm; according to the invention, the gold alloy pipe is sleeved on the beryllium bronze rod, and the obtained gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank is directly used as a wire blank of a subsequent drawing process without a metal protective sleeve, so that the process complexity can be effectively reduced, and the production efficiency can be improved.
Step two, referring to fig. 1, according to a long core rod pipe drawing method, performing multi-pass pre-drawing on the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank obtained in the step one by using a pre-drawing die, wherein the outer diameters of the pre-drawn composite wire in each pass are respectively phi 7.6mm, phi 7.2mm, phi 6.9mm, phi 6.6mm, phi 6.3mm and phi 6.0mm, and removing the part of the front end penetrating out of a gold alloy pipe to obtain a pre-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank 1; as shown in fig. 4, the length (L2) of the bearing of the pre-drawing die is 0.15 times of the outer diameter (d) of the gold alloy tube, and the outer diameter of the composite wire after each drawing pass is the diameter of the die hole of each pre-drawing die, i.e. the diameter of the die hole of each pre-drawing die is 7.6mm, 7.2mm, 6.9mm, 6.6mm, 6.3mm and 6.0mm in sequence; the die angle (beta) of the drawing die for pre-drawing is 12 degrees; the pre-drawing processing deformation amount is 43 percent; through pre-drawing, the gold alloy tube and the beryllium bronze rod are subjected to plastic deformation and are mechanically and tightly combined, the drawing difficulty of subsequent hot drawing and cold drawing is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved;
step three, carrying out hot drawing on the pre-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank 1 in the step two by adopting the hot drawing device in the embodiment 1 to obtain a hot-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank with the diameter of 1.4 mm; the hot drawing method specifically comprises the following steps:
101, placing the pre-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank 1 in the step two into a quartz tube 3, placing the quartz tube 3 provided with the pre-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank 1 into a heating furnace 4, enabling one end of the pre-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank 1 in the quartz tube 3 to penetrate out of an opening at the front end of the quartz tube 3, sequentially connecting the quartz tube 3 to a traction device 9 through a guide wheel 5 and a hot drawing die 6, and clamping the quartz tube 3 on a hot drawing die support 7;
102, starting a heating furnace 4, setting the heating temperature to be 600 ℃, introducing argon into a quartz tube 3 through an argon tube 2, starting a traction device 9, winding and drawing the pre-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank by the traction device 9, lubricating the wire blank by high-temperature heat conduction oil in the drawing process, starting a cooling device 8 to cool the wire blank drawn out of a hot drawing die 6, taking down the wire blank wound on the traction device 9 after one-time hot drawing, reloading the wire blank into the quartz tube 3, carrying out next-time drawing, repeating the process for multi-time hot drawing, taking down the wire blank wound on the traction device 9 after the multi-time hot drawing is finished, soaking and cleaning the wire blank by using dilute sulfuric acid with the mass percentage content of 20%, wherein the soaking time is 20min, the dosage of the dilute sulfuric acid is based on the immersion of the wire blank, and a hot-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank is obtained; the external diameters of the wire billets after hot drawing of each pass are respectively phi 5.7, phi 5.4, phi 5.1, phi 4.8, phi 4.55, phi 4.3, phi 4.08, phi 3.85, phi 3.65, phi 3.47, phi 3.29, phi 3.12, phi 2.96, phi 2.81, phi 2.66, phi 2.53, phi 2.40, phi 2.27, phi 2.16, phi 2.05, phi 1.94, phi 1.84, phi 1.75, phi 1.66, phi 1.57, phi 1.49 and phi 1.4, the external diameters of the wire billets after hot drawing of each pass are the die hole diameters of the hot drawing die for hot drawing of each pass, and the drawing speed of the hot drawing is 12 m/min;
step four, carrying out solution heat treatment on the hot-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank at the temperature of 700-750 ℃, and then carrying out multi-pass cold drawing to obtain a cold-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank with the diameter of 0.8 mm; the cold drawing is multi-pass cold drawing, the outer diameters of the wire blank after each pass of cold drawing are respectively phi 1.34, phi 1.26, phi 1.21, phi 1.16, phi 1.09, phi 1.03, phi 0.97, phi 0.93, phi 0.88, phi 0.84 and phi 0.80, and the outer diameter of the wire blank after each pass of cold drawing is the diameter of the die hole of the cold drawing die for each pass of cold drawing; the total cold drawing processing amount is 67.3%; the invention does not need annealing treatment after cold drawing, and has high production efficiency.
Step five, straightening the cold-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank, and carrying out aging treatment on the straightened gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank at 300 ℃ for 2h to obtain a gold alloy-coated copper composite wire; the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire comprises a beryllium bronze core material and a gold alloy cladding layer cladding the beryllium bronze core material, and the diameter of the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire is 0.8 mm; the thickness of the gold alloy coating layer is 60 mu m; the diameter of the gold alloy-coated copper composite wire is the outer diameter.
In view of appearance, the composite layer of the gold alloy-clad copper composite wire of the present example has a small thickness, a uniform thickness, and a high concentricity.
Example 3
This example is the same as example 2, except that the gold alloy tube in step one is an AuNi gold alloy tube or an AuCuPtAg gold alloy tube.
In view of appearance, the composite layer of the gold alloy-clad copper composite wire of the present example has a small thickness, a uniform thickness, and a high concentricity.
Example 4
The preparation method of the gold alloy-coated copper composite wire of the embodiment includes the following steps:
step one, carrying out solution heat treatment on a gold alloy pipe with the outer diameter of 6mm and the wall thickness of 0.6mm for 30min at the temperature of 700 ℃ to obtain a pipe subjected to solution heat treatment; the gold alloy pipe is an AuAgCu gold alloy pipe; the gold alloy pipe can also be an AuNi gold alloy pipe or an AuCuPtAg gold alloy pipe;
immersing the pipe subjected to solution heat treatment in a dilute sulfuric acid solution with the mass percentage of 10% for immersion washing for 30min, taking out the pipe, washing the pipe with deionized water under an ultrasonic condition, immersing the pipe washed with the deionized water in absolute ethyl alcohol for 1min, wherein the dosage of the absolute ethyl alcohol is based on the immersion of the pipe; then baking for 60min at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a gold alloy tube; the ultrasonic frequency is 60kHz, and the cleaning time with deionized water under the ultrasonic condition is 10 min;
carrying out solution heat treatment on a beryllium bronze bar with the diameter of 4.65mm at the temperature of 780 ℃ for 10min to obtain the beryllium bronze bar subjected to solution heat treatment; in the beryllium bronze bar, the mass percent of Be is 2.0%, the mass percent of Co is 0.65%, the mass percent of Ni is 0.20%, and the balance is Cu; the tensile strength of the beryllium bronze bar is more than or equal to 1000MPa, and the elastic modulus is more than or equal to 110 Gpa;
carrying out surface cleaning on the beryllium bronze bar subjected to the solution heat treatment by using absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out nickel electroplating on the surface of the cleaned beryllium bronze bar to obtain a beryllium bronze bar, wherein the thickness of a nickel layer of the beryllium bronze bar obtained after nickel plating is 10 micrometers;
sleeving a gold alloy pipe 10 on a beryllium bronze rod 11 to obtain a gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank; the front end and the rear end of the beryllium bronze rod penetrate through the gold alloy pipe, the length of the penetrating part of the front end of the beryllium bronze rod penetrating through the gold alloy pipe is 20mm, and the length of the penetrating part of the rear end of the beryllium bronze rod penetrating through the gold alloy pipe is 50 mm;
step two, according to the drawing method of the long core rod pipe, the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank in the step one is subjected to multi-pass pre-drawing by using a pre-drawing die, the outer diameters of the pre-drawn composite wire in each pass are respectively phi 5.75mm, phi 5.5mm, phi 5.25mm, phi 5.0mm, phi 4.8mm and phi 4.6mm, and the part of the pre-drawn composite wire blank, which penetrates out of the gold alloy pipe, is removed to obtain the pre-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank; the length of a sizing belt of the pre-drawing die is 0.15 times of the length of the outer diameter of the gold alloy pipe, and the outer diameter of the composite wire after each time of drawing is the diameter of a die hole of the drawing die for each time of pre-drawing; the die angle of the drawing die for pre-drawing is 12 degrees; the pre-drawing processing deformation amount is 41.2%;
step three, carrying out hot drawing on the pre-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank in the step two by adopting the hot drawing device in the embodiment 1 to obtain a hot-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank with the diameter of 0.85 mm; the hot drawing method specifically comprises the following steps:
101, placing the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank in the second step into a quartz tube 3, placing the quartz tube 3 with the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank into a heating furnace 4, enabling one end of the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank in the quartz tube 3 to penetrate out of an opening in the front end of the quartz tube 3, sequentially connecting the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank to a traction device 9 through a guide wheel 5 and a hot drawing die 6, and clamping the quartz tube 3 on a hot drawing die support 7;
102, starting a heating furnace 4, setting the heating temperature to be 600 ℃, introducing argon into a quartz tube 3 through an argon tube 2, starting a traction device 9, winding and drawing the pre-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank by the traction device 9, lubricating the wire blank by high-temperature heat conduction oil in the drawing process, starting a cooling device 8 to cool the wire blank drawn out of a hot drawing die 6, taking down the wire blank wound on the traction device 9 after one-time hot drawing, reloading the wire blank into the quartz tube 3, carrying out next-time drawing, repeating the process for multi-time hot drawing, taking down the wire blank wound on the traction device 9 after the multi-time hot drawing is finished, and soaking and cleaning the wire blank by using dilute sulfuric acid with the mass percentage content of 10%, wherein the soaking time is 40min, and the using amount of the dilute sulfuric acid is based on the immersed wire blank; obtaining a hot-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank; the external diameters of the hot-drawn wire blanks after each pass of hot drawing are respectively phi 4.3, phi 4.08, phi 3.85, phi 3.65, phi 3.47, phi 3.29, phi 3.12, phi 2.96, phi 2.81, phi 2.66, phi 2.53, phi 2.40, phi 2.27, phi 2.16, phi 2.05, phi 1.94, phi 1.84, phi 1.75, phi 1.66, phi 1.57, phi 1.49, phi 1.42, phi 1.37, phi 1.30, phi 1.23, phi 1.17, phi 1.11, phi 1.05, phi 1.00, phi 0.95, phi 0.90 and phi 0.85, the external diameters of the hot-drawn wire blanks after each pass of hot drawing are the diameters of die holes of the hot-drawing die for each pass of hot-drawing, and the hot-drawing rate is 15 m/min;
step four, carrying out solution heat treatment on the hot-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank at the temperature of 700-750 ℃, and then carrying out cold drawing to obtain a cold-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank with the diameter of 0.5 mm; the cold drawing is multi-pass cold drawing, the outer diameters of the wire blank after each pass of cold drawing are respectively phi 0.81, phi 0.77, phi 0.72, phi 0.68, phi 0.64, phi 0.60, phi 0.56, phi 0.53 and phi 0.50, and the outer diameter of the wire blank after each pass of cold drawing is the diameter of the die hole of the cold drawing die for each pass of cold drawing; the total cold drawing processing amount is 65.4%.
Step five, straightening the cold-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank, and carrying out aging treatment on the straightened gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank at 350 ℃ for 2h to obtain a gold alloy-coated copper composite wire; the gold alloy-coated copper composite wire comprises a beryllium bronze core material and a gold alloy coating layer coated outside the beryllium bronze core material, the diameter of the gold alloy-coated copper composite wire is 0.5mm, and the thickness of the gold alloy coating layer is 50 micrometers.
In view of appearance, the composite layer of the gold alloy-clad copper composite wire of the present example has a small thickness, a uniform thickness, and a high concentricity.
Example 5
The preparation method of the gold alloy-coated copper composite wire of the embodiment includes the following steps:
step one, carrying out solution heat treatment on a gold alloy pipe with the outer diameter of 4mm and the wall thickness of 0.4mm for 40min at the temperature of 650 ℃ to obtain a pipe subjected to solution heat treatment; the gold alloy pipe is an AuNi gold alloy pipe, and the gold alloy pipe can also be an AuAgCu gold alloy pipe or an AuCuPtAg gold alloy pipe;
immersing the pipe subjected to solution heat treatment in a dilute sulfuric acid solution with the mass percentage of 20% for immersion washing for 20min, taking out the pipe, washing the pipe with deionized water under an ultrasonic condition, immersing the pipe washed with the deionized water in absolute ethyl alcohol for 3min, wherein the dosage of the absolute ethyl alcohol is based on the immersion of the pipe; then baking for 30min at the temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain a gold alloy tube; the ultrasonic frequency is 50kHz, and the cleaning time with deionized water under the ultrasonic condition is 30 min;
carrying out solution heat treatment on a beryllium bronze bar with the diameter of 3.1mm for 20min at the temperature of 780 ℃ to obtain the beryllium bronze bar subjected to solution heat treatment; the mass percent of Be in the beryllium bronze bar is 1.6%, the mass percent of Co is 035%, the mass percent of Ni is 0.25%, and the balance is Cu; the tensile strength of the beryllium bronze bar is more than or equal to 1000MPa, and the elastic modulus is more than or equal to 110 Gpa;
carrying out surface cleaning on the beryllium bronze bar subjected to the solution heat treatment by using absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out nickel electroplating on the surface of the cleaned beryllium bronze bar to obtain a beryllium bronze bar, wherein the thickness of a nickel layer of the beryllium bronze bar obtained after nickel plating is 8 mu m;
sleeving a gold alloy pipe 10 on a beryllium bronze rod 11 to obtain a gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank; the front end and the rear end of the beryllium bronze rod penetrate through the gold alloy pipe, the length of the penetrating part of the front end of the beryllium bronze rod penetrating through the gold alloy pipe is 20mm, and the length of the penetrating part of the rear end of the beryllium bronze rod penetrating through the gold alloy pipe is 40 mm;
step two, according to the drawing method of the long core rod pipe, the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank in the step one is subjected to multi-pass pre-drawing by using a pre-drawing die, the outer diameter of the pre-drawn composite wire in each pass is respectively phi 3.8mm, phi 3.65mm, phi 3.5mm, phi 3.35mm and phi 3.2mm, and the part of the pre-drawn composite wire, which penetrates out of the gold alloy pipe, is removed to obtain the pre-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank; the length of a sizing belt of the pre-drawing die is 0.15 times of the length of the outer diameter of the gold alloy pipe, and the outer diameter of the composite wire after each time of drawing is the diameter of a die hole of the drawing die for each time of pre-drawing; the die angle of the drawing die for pre-drawing is 12 degrees; the pre-drawing processing deformation amount is 36%;
step three, carrying out hot drawing on the pre-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank in the step two by adopting the hot drawing device in the embodiment 1 to obtain a hot-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank with the diameter of 0.5 mm; the hot drawing method specifically comprises the following steps:
101, placing the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank in the second step into a quartz tube 3, placing the quartz tube 3 with the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank into a heating furnace 4, enabling one end of the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank in the quartz tube 3 to penetrate out of an opening in the front end of the quartz tube 3, sequentially connecting the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank to a traction device 9 through a guide wheel 5 and a hot drawing die 6, and clamping the quartz tube 3 on a hot drawing die support 7;
102, starting a heating furnace 4, setting the heating temperature to be 500 ℃, introducing argon into a quartz tube 3 through an argon tube 2, starting a traction device 9, winding and drawing the pre-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank by the traction device 9, lubricating the wire blank by high-temperature heat conduction oil in the drawing process, starting a cooling device 8 to cool the wire blank drawn out of a hot drawing die 6, taking down the wire blank wound on the traction device 9 after one-time hot drawing, reloading the wire blank into the quartz tube 3, carrying out next-time drawing, repeating the process for multi-time hot drawing, taking down the wire blank wound on the traction device 9 after the multi-time hot drawing is finished, and soaking and cleaning the wire blank by using dilute sulfuric acid with the mass percentage content of 15%, wherein the soaking time is 30min, and the using amount of the dilute sulfuric acid is based on the immersed wire blank; obtaining a hot-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank; the external diameters of the wire blank after each pass of hot drawing are respectively phi 3.06, phi 2.92, phi 2.78, phi 2.66, phi 2.53, phi 2.40, phi 2.27, phi 2.16, phi 2.05, phi 1.94, phi 1.84, phi 1.75, phi 1.66, phi 1.57, phi 1.49, phi 1.42, phi 1.37, phi 1.30, phi 1.23, phi 1.17, phi 1.11, phi 1.05, phi 1.00, phi 0.95, phi 0.90, phi 0.85, phi 0.813, phi 0.772, phi 0.732, phi 0.694, phi 0.659, phi 0.625, phi 0.593, phi 0.563, phi 0.534 and phi 0.506, and the external diameters of the wire blank after each pass of hot drawing are the diameters of a die hole of the hot drawing die hole drawing die for each pass; the drawing rate of the hot drawing is 15 m/min;
step four, carrying out solution heat treatment on the hot-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank at the temperature of 700-750 ℃, and then carrying out cold drawing to obtain a cold-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank with the diameter of 0.3 mm; the cold drawing is multi-pass cold drawing, the outer diameters of the wire blank after each pass of cold drawing are respectively phi 0.48, phi 0.45, phi 0.42, phi 0.40, phi 0.38, phi 0.36, phi 0.34, phi 0.32 and phi 0.30, and the outer diameter of the wire blank after each pass of cold drawing is the diameter of the die hole of the cold drawing die for each pass of cold drawing; the total cold drawing processing amount is 64.0%.
Step five, straightening the cold-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank, and carrying out aging treatment on the straightened gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank at 325 ℃ for 2.5 hours to obtain a gold alloy coated copper composite wire; the gold alloy-coated copper composite wire comprises a beryllium bronze core material and a gold alloy coating layer coated outside the beryllium bronze core material, the diameter of the gold alloy-coated copper composite wire is 0.3mm, and the thickness of the gold alloy coating layer is 30 micrometers.
In view of appearance, the composite layer of the gold alloy-clad copper composite wire of the present example has a small thickness, a uniform thickness, and a high concentricity.
Example 6
The preparation method of the gold alloy-coated copper composite wire of the embodiment includes the following steps:
step one, carrying out solution heat treatment on a gold alloy pipe with the outer diameter of 3mm and the wall thickness of 0.25mm at 600 ℃ for 60min to obtain a pipe subjected to solution heat treatment; the gold alloy pipe is an AuCuPtAg gold alloy pipe, and the gold alloy pipe can also be an AuAgCu gold alloy pipe or an AuNi gold alloy pipe;
immersing the pipe subjected to solution heat treatment in a dilute sulfuric acid solution with the mass percentage of 15% for immersion washing for 30min, taking out the pipe, washing the pipe with deionized water under an ultrasonic condition, immersing the pipe washed with the deionized water in absolute ethyl alcohol for 5min, wherein the dosage of the absolute ethyl alcohol is based on immersing the pipe; then baking for 40min at the temperature of 90 ℃ to obtain a gold alloy tube; the ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz, and the cleaning time with deionized water under the ultrasonic condition is 15 min;
carrying out solution heat treatment on a beryllium bronze bar with the diameter of 2.4mm at the temperature of 780 ℃ for 15min to obtain the beryllium bronze bar subjected to solution heat treatment; in the beryllium bronze bar, the mass percent of Be is 1.8%, the mass percent of Co is 0.50%, the mass percent of Ni is 0.22%, and the balance is Cu; the tensile strength of the beryllium bronze bar is more than or equal to 1000MPa, and the elastic modulus is more than or equal to 110 Gpa;
carrying out surface cleaning on the beryllium bronze bar subjected to the solution heat treatment by using absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out nickel electroplating on the surface of the cleaned beryllium bronze bar to obtain a beryllium bronze bar, wherein the thickness of a nickel layer of the beryllium bronze bar obtained after nickel plating is 12 micrometers;
sleeving a gold alloy pipe 10 on a beryllium bronze rod 11 to obtain a gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank; the front end and the rear end of the beryllium bronze rod penetrate through the gold alloy pipe, the length of the penetrating part of the front end of the beryllium bronze rod penetrating through the gold alloy pipe is 10mm, and the length of the penetrating part of the rear end of the beryllium bronze rod penetrating through the gold alloy pipe is 30 mm;
step two, according to the drawing method of the long core rod pipe, the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank in the step one is subjected to multi-pass pre-drawing by using a pre-drawing die, the outer diameters of the pre-drawn composite wire in each pass are respectively phi 2.85mm, phi 2.70mm, phi 2.56mm, phi 2.42mm and phi 2.30mm, and the part of the pre-drawn composite wire blank, which penetrates out of the gold alloy pipe, is removed to obtain the pre-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank; the length of a sizing belt of the pre-drawing die is 0.15 times of the length of the outer diameter of the gold alloy pipe, and the outer diameter of the composite wire after each time of drawing is the diameter of a die hole of the drawing die for each time of pre-drawing; the die angle of the drawing die for pre-drawing is 12 degrees; the pre-drawing processing deformation amount is 42%;
step three, carrying out hot drawing on the pre-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank in the step two by adopting the hot drawing device in the embodiment 1 to obtain a 0.69mm hot-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank; the hot drawing method specifically comprises the following steps:
101, placing the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank in the second step into a quartz tube 3, placing the quartz tube 3 with the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank into a heating furnace 4, enabling one end of the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank in the quartz tube 3 to penetrate out of an opening in the front end of the quartz tube 3, sequentially connecting the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank to a traction device 9 through a guide wheel 5 and a hot drawing die 6, and clamping the quartz tube 3 on a hot drawing die support 7;
102, starting a heating furnace 4, setting the heating temperature to be 550 ℃, introducing argon into a quartz tube 3 through an argon tube 2, starting a traction device 9, winding and drawing the pre-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank by the traction device 9, lubricating the wire blank by high-temperature heat conduction oil in the drawing process, starting a cooling device 8 to cool the wire blank drawn out of a hot drawing die 6, taking down the wire blank wound on the traction device 9 after one-time hot drawing, reloading the wire blank into the quartz tube 3, carrying out next-time drawing, repeating the process for multi-time hot drawing, taking down the wire blank wound on the traction device 9 after the multi-time hot drawing is finished, and soaking and cleaning the wire blank by using dilute sulfuric acid with the mass percentage content of 20%, wherein the soaking time is 20min, and the using amount of the dilute sulfuric acid is based on the immersed wire blank; obtaining a hot-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank; the external diameters of the hot-drawn wire billets in each pass are respectively phi 2.18, phi 2.06, phi 1.94, phi 1.84, phi 1.75, phi 1.66, phi 1.57, phi 1.49, phi 1.42, phi 1.37, phi 1.30, phi 1.23, phi 1.17, phi 1.11, phi 1.05, phi 1.00, phi 0.95, phi 0.90, phi 0.85, phi 0.813, phi 0.772, phi 0.732 and phi 0.694, and the external diameters of the hot-drawn wire billets in each pass are the diameter of the die holes of the hot-drawing die for hot drawing in each pass; the drawing rate of the hot drawing is 10 m/min;
step four, carrying out solution heat treatment on the hot-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank in the step three at the temperature of 600-650 ℃, and then carrying out cold drawing to obtain a cold-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank with the diameter of 0.4 mm; the cold drawing is multi-pass cold drawing, the outer diameters of the wire blank after each pass of cold drawing are respectively phi 0.66, phi 0.62, phi 0.59, phi 0.56, phi 0.53, phi 0.50, phi 0.47, phi 0.44, phi 0.42 and phi 0.40, and the outer diameter of the wire blank after each pass of cold drawing is the diameter of the die hole of the cold drawing die for each pass of cold drawing; the total cold drawing processing amount is 66.4%.
Step five, straightening the cold-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank, and carrying out aging treatment on the straightened gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank at 300 ℃ for 3h to obtain a gold alloy-coated copper composite wire; the gold alloy-coated copper composite wire comprises a beryllium bronze core material and a gold alloy coating layer coated outside the beryllium bronze core material, the diameter of the gold alloy-coated copper composite wire is 0.4mm, and the thickness of the gold alloy coating layer is 35 mu m.
In view of appearance, the composite layer of the gold alloy-clad copper composite wire of the present example has a small thickness, a uniform thickness, and a high concentricity.
Example 7
The preparation method of the gold alloy-coated copper composite wire of the embodiment includes the following steps:
step one, carrying out solid solution heat treatment on a gold alloy pipe with the outer diameter of 8mm and the wall thickness of 1.0mm at 600 ℃ for 60min to obtain a pipe subjected to solid solution heat treatment; the gold alloy pipe is an AuAgCu gold alloy pipe, and the gold alloy pipe can also be an AuNi gold alloy pipe or an AuCuPtAg gold alloy pipe;
immersing the pipe subjected to solution heat treatment in a dilute sulfuric acid solution with the mass percentage of 10% for immersion washing for 40min, taking out the pipe, washing the pipe with deionized water under an ultrasonic condition, immersing the pipe washed with the deionized water in absolute ethyl alcohol for 1min, wherein the dosage of the absolute ethyl alcohol is based on immersing the pipe; then baking for 40min at the temperature of 90 ℃ to obtain a gold alloy tube; the ultrasonic frequency is 50kHz, and the cleaning time with deionized water under the ultrasonic condition is 20 min;
carrying out solution heat treatment on a beryllium bronze bar with the diameter of 5.8mm for 20min at the temperature of 780 ℃ to obtain the beryllium bronze bar subjected to solution heat treatment; in the beryllium bronze bar, the mass percent of Be is 1.8%, the mass percent of Co is 0.45%, the mass percent of Ni is 0.22%, and the balance is Cu; the tensile strength of the beryllium bronze bar is more than or equal to 1000MPa, and the elastic modulus is more than or equal to 110 Gpa; carrying out surface cleaning on the beryllium bronze bar subjected to the solution heat treatment by using absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out nickel electroplating on the surface of the cleaned beryllium bronze bar to obtain a beryllium bronze bar, wherein the thickness of a nickel layer of the beryllium bronze bar obtained after nickel plating is 8 mu m;
sleeving a gold alloy pipe 10 on a beryllium bronze rod 11 to obtain a gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank; the front end and the rear end of the beryllium bronze rod penetrate through the gold alloy pipe, the length of the penetrating part of the front end of the beryllium bronze rod penetrating through the gold alloy pipe is 30mm, and the length of the penetrating part of the rear end of the beryllium bronze rod penetrating through the gold alloy pipe is 80 mm;
step two, according to a long core rod pipe drawing method, performing multi-pass pre-drawing on the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank obtained in the step one by using a pre-drawing die, wherein the outer diameters of the pre-drawn composite wire in each pass are respectively phi 7.6mm, phi 7.2mm, phi 6.9mm and phi 6.6mm, and removing the part of the front end penetrating out of the gold alloy pipe to obtain the pre-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank; the length of a sizing belt of the pre-drawing die is 0.15 times of the length of the outer diameter of the gold alloy pipe, and the outer diameter of the composite wire after each time of drawing is the diameter of a die hole of the drawing die for each time of pre-drawing; the die angle of the drawing die for pre-drawing is 12 degrees; the pre-drawing processing deformation amount is 30 percent;
step three, carrying out hot drawing on the pre-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank in the step two by adopting the hot drawing device in the embodiment 1 to obtain a hot-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank with the diameter of 0.69 mm; the hot drawing method specifically comprises the following steps:
101, placing the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank in the second step into a quartz tube 3, placing the quartz tube 3 with the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank into a heating furnace 4, enabling one end of the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank in the quartz tube 3 to penetrate out of an opening in the front end of the quartz tube 3, sequentially connecting the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank to a traction device 9 through a guide wheel 5 and a hot drawing die 6, and clamping the quartz tube 3 on a hot drawing die support 7;
102, starting a heating furnace 4, setting the heating temperature to be 550 ℃, introducing argon into a quartz tube 3 through an argon tube 2, starting a traction device 9, winding and drawing the pre-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank by the traction device 9, lubricating the wire blank by high-temperature heat conduction oil in the drawing process, starting a cooling device 8 to cool the wire blank drawn out of a hot drawing die 6, taking down the wire blank wound on the traction device 9 after one-time hot drawing, reloading the wire blank into the quartz tube 3, carrying out next-time drawing, repeating the process for multi-time hot drawing, taking down the wire blank wound on the traction device 9 after the multi-time hot drawing is finished, and soaking and cleaning the wire blank by using dilute sulfuric acid with the mass percentage content of 10%, wherein the soaking time is 40min, and the using amount of the dilute sulfuric acid is based on the immersed wire blank; obtaining a hot-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank; the outer diameters of the wire billets after hot drawing of each pass are 6.3mm phi, 6.0mm phi, 5.7 phi, 5.4 phi, 5.1 phi, 4.8 phi, 4.55 phi, 4.3 phi, 4.08 phi, 3.85 phi, 3.65 phi, 3.47 phi, 3.29 phi, 3.12 phi, 2.96 phi, 2.81 phi, 2.66 phi, 2.53 phi, 2.40 phi, 2.27 phi, 2.16 phi, 2.05 phi, 1.94 phi, 1.84 phi, 1.75 phi, 1.66 phi, 1.57 phi, 1.49 phi, 1.42 phi, 1.37 phi, 1.30 phi, 1.23, 1.17 phi, 1.11, 1.05, 1.00 phi, 0.95, 0.90 phi 0.85, 0.772, 0.813 phi, 0.732 phi and 694 respectively; the outer diameter of the wire blank after each hot drawing is the diameter of the die hole of the hot drawing die for each hot drawing; the drawing rate of the hot drawing is 20 m/min;
step four, carrying out solution heat treatment on the hot-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank at the temperature of 650-700 ℃, and then carrying out cold drawing to obtain a cold-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank with the diameter of 0.4 mm; the cold drawing is multi-pass cold drawing, the outer diameters of the wire blank after each pass of cold drawing are respectively phi 0.65, phi 0.62, phi 0.59, phi 0.56, phi 0.53, phi 0.50, phi 0.47, phi 0.45, phi 0.42 and phi 0.40, and the outer diameter of the wire blank after each pass of cold drawing is the diameter of the die hole of the cold drawing die for each pass of cold drawing; the total cold drawing processing amount is 66.4%.
Step five, straightening the cold-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank, and carrying out aging treatment on the straightened gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank at 350 ℃ for 2h to obtain a gold alloy-coated copper composite wire; the gold alloy-coated copper composite wire comprises a beryllium bronze core material and a gold alloy coating layer coated outside the beryllium bronze core material, the diameter of the gold alloy-coated copper composite wire is 0.4mm, and the thickness of the gold alloy coating layer is 50 micrometers.
In view of appearance, the composite layer of the gold alloy-clad copper composite wire of the present example has a small thickness, a uniform thickness, and a high concentricity.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example investigates the influence of different composite wire core materials on the performance of the prepared composite wire by the preparation method, and the preparation method is the same as that in the example 2, wherein the difference is that in the step one, a common copper alloy (the common copper alloy is tin bronze QSn6.5-0.1, wherein the mass percentage of Sn is 6.0-7.0%, the mass percentage of P is 0.10-0.25%, and the balance is Cu) is used for replacing a beryllium bronze rod.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example examines the influence of nickel plating on the performance of the prepared composite wire, and the preparation method is the same as the example 2, wherein the difference is that the beryllium bronze rod prepared in the step one is the beryllium bronze rod prepared from the beryllium bronze rod without nickel plating.
From the appearance, the composite wire of the present comparative example had the gold alloy clad Cu diffused.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example is to investigate the influence of the hot-drawing process of the inventive manufacturing method on the properties of the composite wire obtained without the cooling device 8, and the manufacturing method is the same as example 2 except that the cooling device 8 is removed in step three.
From the appearance, the gold alloy coating layer of the composite wire of this comparative example was oxidized, and the smoothness was lowered.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example was conducted to examine the influence of the hot-drawing temperature of the production method of the present invention, which is not within the range defined by the present invention, on the properties of the composite wire produced, and the production method was the same as in example 2 except that the hot-drawing temperature in the third step was 700 ℃.
From the appearance, the gold alloy coating layer of the composite wire of this comparative example was oxidized, and the smoothness was lowered.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example is the same as comparative example 4 except that the temperature of the hot drawing in step three was 400 ℃. This comparative example had the defect that the wire drawing was difficult.
Performance testing
The composite filaments obtained in examples 2 to 7 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 5 were subjected to a static tensile test for the elastic modulus under room temperature, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 modulus of elasticity of various examples and comparative examples
It can be seen from table 1 that the composite wire prepared by the method of the present invention has significantly higher elastic modulus by using the beryllium bronze rod as the inner core and the gold alloy rod as the cladding layer, and the nickel plating treatment of the beryllium bronze rod by the method of the present invention can reduce the Cu diffusion and oxidation of the gold alloy cladding layer, improve the cladding layer smoothness, reduce the production difficulty, and improve the production efficiency.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a gold alloy coated copper composite wire is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, sleeving a gold alloy pipe on a beryllium bronze rod to obtain a gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank;
step two, pre-drawing the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank in the step one to obtain a pre-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank;
step three, in an argon atmosphere, carrying out hot drawing on the pre-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank in the step two at the temperature of 500-600 ℃ to obtain a hot-drawn gold alloy copper-clad composite wire blank;
step four, cold drawing the hot-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank to obtain a cold-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank;
and step five, carrying out aging treatment on the cold-drawn gold alloy coated copper composite wire blank to obtain the gold alloy coated copper composite wire.
2. The method for preparing a gold alloy-coated copper composite wire according to claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the gold alloy tube in the first step is (beryllium bronze rod diameter +0.1) mm to (beryllium bronze rod diameter +0.2) mm.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gold alloy tube is a gold alloy tube obtained by subjecting a gold alloy tube having an outer diameter of 3mm to 8mm and a wall thickness of 0.25mm to 1.0mm to solution heat treatment, dilute sulfuric acid pickling, ultrasonic cleaning, dehydration with absolute ethanol, and baking;
the temperature of the solution heat treatment is 600-700 ℃, and the time of the solution heat treatment is 30-60 min;
the dilute sulfuric acid is 10-20% by mass, and the time for soaking and washing the dilute sulfuric acid is 20-40 min;
the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic cleaning is 40 kHz-60 kHz, and the ultrasonic cleaning time is 10 min-30 min;
the absolute ethyl alcohol dehydration step is to soak the gold alloy pipe subjected to ultrasonic cleaning in absolute ethyl alcohol for 1-5 min;
the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the drying time is 30-60 min;
the gold alloy pipe includes an AuAgCu gold alloy pipe, an AuNi gold alloy pipe, or an AuCuPtAg gold alloy pipe.
4. The method for preparing a gold alloy-coated copper composite wire according to claim 1, wherein the beryllium bronze rod of the first step is a beryllium bronze rod obtained by subjecting a beryllium bronze rod with a diameter of 2.5mm to 7.0mm to solution heat treatment, surface cleaning and nickel plating;
the mass percent of Be in the beryllium bronze bar is 1.6-2.0%, the mass percent of Co is 0.35-0.65%, the mass percent of Ni is 0.20-0.25%, and the balance is Cu; the tensile strength of the beryllium bronze bar is more than or equal to 1000MPa, and the elastic modulus is more than or equal to 110 Gpa;
the cleaning agent for cleaning the surface is absolute ethyl alcohol;
the thickness of the nickel layer of the beryllium bronze rod obtained after nickel plating is 8-12 mu m.
5. The method for preparing a gold alloy coated copper composite wire according to claim 1, wherein the gold alloy tube is sleeved on the beryllium bronze rod in the first step, the gold alloy tube penetrates through the front end and the rear end of the beryllium bronze rod, the length of the part of the beryllium bronze rod penetrating through the gold alloy tube is 10mm to 30mm, and the length of the part of the beryllium bronze rod penetrating through the gold alloy tube is 30mm to 80 mm.
6. The method for preparing a gold alloy-coated copper composite wire according to claim 1, wherein the pre-drawing in the second step is pre-drawing by using a pre-drawing die, the length of a calibration band of the pre-drawing die is 0.15 times of the outer diameter of the gold alloy tube, the diameter of a die hole of the pre-drawing die is 2.3mm to 7.6mm, and the die angle is 12 degrees; the processing deformation amount of the pre-drawing in the second step is 30-43%.
7. The method for preparing the gold alloy-coated copper composite wire according to claim 1, wherein the hot drawing in the third step is hot drawing by a hot drawing device, and the hot drawing device comprises a quartz tube (3), a heating furnace (4) for heating the quartz tube (3), an argon tube (2), a hot drawing die (6), a hot drawing die support (7), a cooling device (8) for spraying circulating cooling water and a traction device (9) for drawing a wound wire blank;
the two ends of the quartz tube (3) are opened, the hot drawing die (6) is arranged in front of the quartz tube (3), a die hole of the hot drawing die (6) is opposite to the opening at the front end of the quartz tube (3), one end of the argon tube (2) is connected to the opening at the rear end of the quartz tube (3), and the other end of the argon tube (2) is communicated with an argon gas source;
the hot drawing die (6) is fixed on the hot drawing die support (7), and the quartz tube (3) is detachably connected to the hot drawing die support (7);
the traction device (9) is arranged on one side, away from the hot drawing die (6), of the hot drawing die support (7), and the cooling device (8) is arranged between the hot drawing die support (7) and the traction device (9);
the length of a sizing belt of the hot drawing die (6) is 0.4 time of the outer diameter of the gold alloy pipe, the die angle of the hot drawing die (6) is 8 degrees, and the diameter of a die hole of the hot drawing die (6) is 0.5-6.3 mm;
step three the hot drawing method specifically comprises:
101, placing the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank in the second step into a quartz tube (3), placing the quartz tube (3) provided with the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank into a heating furnace (4), enabling one end of the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank in the quartz tube (3) to penetrate out of an opening at the front end of the quartz tube (3) and then to be connected onto a traction device (9) through a hot drawing die (6), and connecting the quartz tube (3) onto a hot drawing die support (7);
102, starting a heating furnace (4), setting the heating temperature to be 500-600 ℃, introducing argon into a quartz tube (3) through an argon tube (2), starting a traction device (9), winding and drawing the pre-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank through a hot drawing die (6) by the traction device (9), and cooling the wire blank drawn out from the hot drawing die (6) by a cooling device (8) to obtain a hot-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire blank; the pass working rate of the hot drawing is 9-11%, and the drawing speed of the hot drawing is 10-20 m/min.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising a guide wheel (5) disposed between the quartz tube (3) and the hot drawing die (6).
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising solution heat treating the hot-drawn gold alloy-coated copper composite wire billet prior to the cold drawing in the fourth step, wherein the temperature of the solution heat treatment is 600 ℃ to 750 ℃; in the fourth step, the pass processing rate of the cold drawing is 8-12%, and the total processing amount of the cold drawing is 60-70%.
10. The method for preparing a gold alloy-coated copper composite wire according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the aging treatment in the fifth step is 300 ℃ to 350 ℃; and fifthly, the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire comprises a beryllium bronze core material and a gold alloy cladding layer which is cladded outside the beryllium bronze core material, the diameter of the gold alloy copper-clad composite wire is 0.3-0.8 mm, and the thickness of the gold alloy cladding layer is 30-60 mu m.
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