CN112169560A - Semi-dry flue gas denitration method - Google Patents
Semi-dry flue gas denitration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112169560A CN112169560A CN202011002796.6A CN202011002796A CN112169560A CN 112169560 A CN112169560 A CN 112169560A CN 202011002796 A CN202011002796 A CN 202011002796A CN 112169560 A CN112169560 A CN 112169560A
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- flue gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
- B01D53/83—Solid phase processes with moving reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/10—Oxidants
- B01D2251/106—Peroxides
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- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
- B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flue gas denitration method by a semi-dry method, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying hydrogen peroxide into a high-temperature flue by carrier gas after ultrasonically atomizing the hydrogen peroxide, and efficiently oxidizing NO in the flue gas into NO by using hydrogen peroxide with the dosage close to a theoretical value2Then calcium hydroxide powder is sprayed to the flue gas in batches, and part of the calcium hydroxide directly absorbs NO in the flue gas2The other part of the calcium hydroxide forms a filter cake on the surface of the dust removal filter bag to further remove NO in the flue gas2Thereby completing the denitration of the flue gas. The method provided by the invention obviously reduces the oxidation cost of NO in the semidry process, improves the integral denitration efficiency, is a novel high-efficiency low-cost flue gas denitration technology, and has a wide application prospect in the aspect of industrial boiler flue gas purification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flue gas purification of industrial boilers (kilns), and particularly relates to a semi-dry flue gas denitration method.
Background
The purification of industrial boiler (kiln) flue gas is the key point of the treatment of atmospheric pollutants in recent years. Among them, denitration of flue gas is a difficult point of treatment technology. Because of low smoke temperature and complex smoke components, the denitration technology commonly used in coal-fired power plants is not suitable for industrial boiler (kiln) furnaces. The semi-dry denitration is to oxidize NO in the flue gas into NO by using an oxidant2Then absorbing NO with solid powder under the condition of humidifying smoke2Thereby realizing the denitration of the flue gas. The method has wide application prospect in industrial pan (kiln) furnaces, and patents CN103203176B, CN103566725B, CN103990362A, CN104107626B and CN104107627A also report the flue gas denitration technology. However, in the process of practical engineering application, the method has the following problems: (1) the oxidation cost is high, or the cost of the oxidant is high, such as ozone and chlorine dioxide, or the consumption of the oxidant is large, such as hydrogen peroxide; (2) the removal efficiency is low, the denitration efficiency in the real flue gas is not more than 80 percent, and needs to be improved. Therefore, the development of a novel semi-dry flue gas denitration technology is particularly necessary and important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a novel semi-dry flue gas denitration method, which reduces the waste of hydrogen peroxide, improves the utilization rate of the hydrogen peroxide and has high denitration efficiency.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a semi-dry process for denitrating fume includes atomizing and spraying hydrogen peroxide solution, NO2Preliminary removal of (3), formation of calcium hydroxide filter cake and NO2Further removing and other processes; the method specifically comprises the following steps: after hydrogen peroxide is atomized, compressed air is taken into a high-temperature flue (the smoke temperature is higher than 100 ℃) behind the economizer by taking compressed air as carrier gas, and NO in the smoke is oxidized into NO2(ii) a Two calcium hydroxide powder injection points are sequentially arranged in the flue behind the atomized hydrogen peroxide injection point and in front of the bag type dust collector, and one injection point is NO2The initial removal of the spray point, the other spray point being the formation of calcium hydroxide filter cakeThe injection point of (a); calcium hydroxide powder sprayed from a spraying point formed by the calcium hydroxide filter cake flows along with the flue gas, touches a filter bag in the bag type dust collector and is gradually enriched on the surface of the filter bag to form a filter cake; NO produced by oxidation in flue gas2After the calcium hydroxide powder sprayed into the flue is primarily removed, the calcium hydroxide powder is further absorbed and removed by a calcium hydroxide filter cake on the surface of the filter bag in the bag type dust collector, so that the flue gas denitration is completed.
The further improvement of the invention is that the atomization of the hydrogen peroxide is carried out in an industrial ultrasonic atomizer, the hydrogen peroxide with the mass fraction of 30 percent is atomized into small droplets under certain ultrasonic oscillation frequency, and then the small droplets formed by atomization are carried into a high-temperature flue by taking compressed air as carrier gas.
The invention has the further improvement that the ultrasonic oscillation frequency is 1.5-2.5 MHZ when hydrogen peroxide is ultrasonically atomized. The higher the ultrasonic oscillation frequency is, the smaller the diameter of the hydrogen peroxide atomized droplets is, which is beneficial to improving the utilization rate and the NO oxidation efficiency of the hydrogen peroxide, but the higher the power consumption of the ultrasonic atomizer is, so that the oxidation cost is increased. The ultrasonic oscillation frequency is low, and the hydrogen peroxide atomization effect is poor. Meanwhile, too high or too low ultrasonic frequency can cause noise pollution, which is not favorable for industrial application. The best balance of efficiency-cost-noise pollution is only obtained at the ultrasonic oscillation frequencies disclosed in the present invention.
The further improvement of the invention is that the molar ratio of the injection amount of the hydrogen peroxide to the NO content in the flue gas satisfies n(H2O2):n(NO)(1-1.1): 1. the invention can realize the highest NO oxidation rate under the condition of less consumption of oxidant (hydrogen peroxide), which is beneficial to reducing the denitration cost.
The invention is further improved in that the calcium hydroxide powder injection quantity for primarily removing NO and NO in the smoke gas2In a molar ratio of n(Ca(OH)2):n(NO2)And (0.3-0.4) 1. The invention can realize the maximum denitration efficiency under the condition of less using amount of the absorbent (calcium hydroxide), which is beneficial to reducing the denitration cost.
The invention has the further improvement that the distance between a calcium hydroxide powder spraying point for forming a filter cake and the inlet of the bag type dust collector is 1-2 m; the particle size of the calcium hydroxide powder for forming the filter cake is 10-20 microns, the calcium hydroxide powder is periodically sprayed, the spraying period is the same as the ash removal period of a bag type dust collector, and the spraying time and the spraying amount of the calcium hydroxide powder in each period meet the requirement that the thickness of the filter cake is 3-5 millimeters. According to the invention, only when the spraying distance of the calcium hydroxide is 1-2 m and the particle size of the calcium hydroxide is 10-20 microns, a filter cake with a proper stacking structure can be formed, and the optimal denitration efficiency is ensured. Simultaneously, filter cake thickness directly influences dust pelletizing system resistance, and then influences the denitration cost. In the invention, the optimal balance between the denitration efficiency and the denitration cost can be realized only when the thickness of the filter cake is 3-5 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention has low NO oxidation cost and high oxidation efficiency. The cost of the hydrogen peroxide is lower than that of oxidants such as ozone, chlorine dioxide and the like, but the conventional injection method is high-pressure direct injection or high-pressure carrier gas carrying injection, and in order to obtain high NO oxidation efficiency, the injection amount of the hydrogen peroxide is usually multiple times of a theoretical value, so that the NO oxidation cost is high. The hydrogen peroxide is firstly atomized into micron-sized small droplets by ultrasonic waves and then carried into the flue by carrier gas, so that the sprayed hydrogen peroxide and the flue gas can be fully mixed, the contact chance of the hydrogen peroxide and NO is increased, the waste of the hydrogen peroxide is reduced, and the utilization rate of the hydrogen peroxide is improved; on the other hand, the high-frequency ultrasonic waves also endow hydrogen peroxide molecules with certain energy, so that the hydrogen peroxide molecules are decomposed into active groups at high temperature, and the NO oxidation efficiency is improved.
(2) The method has high denitration efficiency. NO in the invention2The removal of (a) includes two aspects: chemical adsorption of a calcium-based absorbent in the flue and chemical adsorption of a calcium-based filter cake on the surface of the filter bag; and NO in the prior art2The removal of (a) is mainly the adsorption of the absorbent in the flue. As the adsorption of the calcium-based filter cake is similar to that of a fixed bed, the integral denitration efficiency of the invention is higher than that of the prior art.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The embodiment relates to a flue gas denitration method by a semidry method,comprises hydrogen peroxide atomization and injection, NO2Preliminary removal of (3), formation of calcium hydroxide filter cake and NO2Further removing and the like. The method specifically comprises the following steps: injecting 30% hydrogen peroxide by mass into an industrial ultrasonic atomizer, carrying out ultrasonic atomization at an oscillation frequency of 1.5-2.5 MHZ, and then bringing atomized liquid into a high-temperature (the smoke temperature is higher than 100 ℃) flue behind an economizer by using compressed air, wherein the injection amount of the atomized hydrogen peroxide and the NO content in the smoke meet the molar ratio n(H2O2):n(NO)(1-1.1): 1. two calcium hydroxide powder injection points are sequentially arranged in the flue behind the hydrogen peroxide injection point and in front of the bag type dust collector, and one injection point is used for NO2Preliminary removal, the injection amount of calcium hydroxide powder and NO in the flue gas2The molar ratio of the contents satisfies n(Ca(OH)2):n(NO2)And (0.3-0.4) 1, and the other spraying point is used for forming the calcium hydroxide filter cake, the distance between the spraying point and the inlet of the bag type dust collector is 1-2 meters, the particle size of the sprayed calcium hydroxide powder is 10-20 micrometers, the spraying is carried out periodically, the spraying period is the same as the ash removal period of the bag type dust collector, and the spraying time and the spraying amount of the calcium hydroxide powder in each period meet the requirement that the thickness of the filter cake is 3-5 millimeters. NO produced by oxidation2After the calcium hydroxide powder sprayed into the flue is partially removed, the calcium hydroxide powder is further absorbed and removed by a calcium hydroxide filter cake on the surface of a filter bag in a bag type dust collector, so that the flue gas denitration is completed. The values of the variables and the corresponding test results in the examples are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 results of examples 1-11
As can be seen from Table 1, the novel semi-dry flue gas denitration method has the denitration efficiency of more than 87 percent and the highest denitration efficiency of 97 percent, and the dosage of the oxidant (hydrogen peroxide) which is a main factor influencing the denitration cost is close to the theoretical value, so that the denitration cost is greatly reduced.
Claims (8)
1. A semi-dry flue gas denitration method is characterized by comprisingHydrogen peroxide atomization and injection, NO2Preliminary removal of (3), formation of calcium hydroxide filter cake and NO2Further removing process; the method specifically comprises the following steps: after hydrogen peroxide is atomized, compressed air is used as carrier gas to be sprayed into a high-temperature flue with the smoke temperature of more than 100 ℃ after being sprayed into an economizer, NO in the flue gas is oxidized into NO2(ii) a Two calcium hydroxide powder injection points are sequentially arranged in the flue behind the hydrogen peroxide injection point and in front of the bag type dust collector, and one injection point is NO2The spraying point is removed preliminarily, and the other spraying point is a spraying point formed by the calcium hydroxide filter cake; calcium hydroxide powder sprayed from a spraying point formed by the calcium hydroxide filter cake flows along with the flue gas, touches a filter bag in the bag type dust collector and is gradually enriched on the surface of the filter bag to form a filter cake; NO produced by oxidation in flue gas2After the calcium hydroxide powder sprayed into the flue is partially removed, the calcium hydroxide powder is further absorbed and removed by a calcium hydroxide filter cake on the surface of a filter bag in the bag type dust collector, so that the flue gas denitration is completed.
2. The semi-dry flue gas denitration method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrogen peroxide atomization is performed in an industrial ultrasonic atomizer, hydrogen peroxide with a mass fraction of 30% is atomized into small droplets under a preset ultrasonic oscillation frequency, and then compressed air is used as carrier gas to bring the small droplets formed by atomization into a high-temperature flue.
3. The semi-dry flue gas denitration method according to claim 2, characterized in that ultrasonic oscillation frequency is 1.5-2.5 MHZ during hydrogen peroxide ultrasonic atomization.
4. The semi-dry flue gas denitration method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the injection amount of the atomized hydrogen peroxide to the NO content in the flue gas satisfies n(H2O2):n(NO)=(1~1.1):1。
5. The semi-dry flue gas denitration method according to claim 1, wherein the method is used for NO2The preliminary removed calcium hydroxide powder injection amount and the flue gasIn NO2In a molar ratio of n(Ca(OH)2):n(NO2)=(0.3~0.4):1。
6. The semi-dry flue gas denitration method according to claim 1, wherein a distance between a calcium hydroxide powder injection point for calcium hydroxide filter cake formation and an inlet of the bag-type dust collector is 1-2 m.
7. The semi-dry flue gas denitration method according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the calcium hydroxide powder used for forming the calcium hydroxide filter cake is 10-20 microns.
8. The semi-dry flue gas denitration method according to claim 1, characterized in that the calcium hydroxide powder used for forming the calcium hydroxide filter cake is periodically sprayed, the spraying period is the same as the bag-type dust collector ash removal period, and the spraying time and the spraying amount of the calcium hydroxide powder in each period satisfy that the thickness of the filter cake is 3-5 mm.
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Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0548499A1 (en) * | 1991-11-02 | 1993-06-30 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the oxidative purification of nitrogen oxides containing exhaust gases |
CN104998539A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-10-28 | 成都华西堂投资有限公司 | Dry flue gas desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integrated purification process |
CN105056745A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-11-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for efficiently removing NO in flue gas |
CN107551782A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-09 | 中晶蓝实业有限公司 | The method of dry method flue gas denitration |
CN107617317A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-01-23 | 北京首科兴业工程技术有限公司 | A kind of ultra-clean cleaning system of flue gas |
CN109794163A (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2019-05-24 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of burned-coal fly ash is modified to remove SO in flue gas3System and working method |
CN110860196A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-03-06 | 福建龙净脱硫脱硝工程有限公司 | Desulfurization and denitrification system for cement flue gas |
-
2020
- 2020-09-22 CN CN202011002796.6A patent/CN112169560A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0548499A1 (en) * | 1991-11-02 | 1993-06-30 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the oxidative purification of nitrogen oxides containing exhaust gases |
CN105056745A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-11-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for efficiently removing NO in flue gas |
CN104998539A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-10-28 | 成都华西堂投资有限公司 | Dry flue gas desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting integrated purification process |
CN107617317A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-01-23 | 北京首科兴业工程技术有限公司 | A kind of ultra-clean cleaning system of flue gas |
CN107551782A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-09 | 中晶蓝实业有限公司 | The method of dry method flue gas denitration |
CN109794163A (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2019-05-24 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of burned-coal fly ash is modified to remove SO in flue gas3System and working method |
CN110860196A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-03-06 | 福建龙净脱硫脱硝工程有限公司 | Desulfurization and denitrification system for cement flue gas |
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