CN112167065B

CN112167065B - Ventilation system and have its pig house

Info

Publication number: CN112167065B
Application number: CN202011023609.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 聂绪明; 史俊鹏; 刘义兴; 史若男; 张伟波
Original assignee: Shaanxi Shunxin Breeding Co ltd
Current assignee: Shaanxi Shunxin Breeding Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-25
Filing date: 2020-09-25
Publication date: 2022-08-23
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-25
Also published as: CN112167065A

Abstract

The invention discloses a ventilation system and a pigsty with the same, wherein the ventilation system is used for ventilating the sealed pigsty; a group of opposite two walls of the house are respectively a first wall and a second wall; a first additional wall parallel to the first wall is arranged on the outer side of the first wall, and a buffer channel is formed between the first additional wall and the first wall; the outer side of the second wall is provided with a second additional wall parallel to the second wall; the device also comprises a negative pressure fan, a shutter, a hinged folding group and a water curtain group; the shutter and the hinged folding group form a closed space in a natural state, so that the internal temperature of the house is easy to maintain; when negative-pressure air fan drafts, drive shutter and articulated group of folding paper open simultaneously, outside air gets into the buffering passageway through water curtain group, then through articulated group of folding paper get into the house inside, discharge through the shutter at last, can realize fresh air's fast circulation, ventilation effect is good, easily control the amount of wind and regulate and control the temperature.

Description

Ventilation system and have its pig house

Technical Field

The invention relates to a ventilation device for livestock indoor breeding, in particular to a ventilation system and a pigsty with the same.

Background

At present, the breeding industry is an important component of agricultural production, particularly the pig breeding industry, can increase the income of farmers, provides necessary meat food supply for the lives of people, and is a very important industry. The traditional pig breeding mode that pigs live under natural environmental conditions is shifted to modern breeding mode that pigs are provided with the most suitable growing environment according to seasons. A modern large pig raising factory has higher and higher temperature requirements, and the temperature requirements from mating, pregnancy and delivery of pigs to the maintenance and growth periods of piglets are strict.

For the large-scale pig raising industry, a pig farm firstly faces the problems of how to ensure the cleanness of the environment in a pigsty, meet the requirement of biological safety to the maximum extent and ensure the healthy growth of pigs. Since the path of food and water spreading diseases has been substantially cut off with the successive advent of automatic feeding equipment and the like, in the closed environment inside a piggery, air is undoubtedly one of the most main media for spreading diseases, and how to achieve air purification will necessarily directly affect the incidence of swine epidemic diseases. The health of pigs, the survival rate of pigs and the like are very key factors directly influencing the benefits of pig farms.

In order to guarantee that the pig is healthy, improve the pig survival rate, chinese patent with publication number CN102577991B discloses a farrowing sow house ventilation system, this ventilation system includes air pipe, air pipe includes air intake and air outlet, its air intake department is equipped with the fan, degerming filter layer and temperature regulation and control device, the air outlet lets in to the pig house in, the ceiling that carries in parallel with ground is hung on the top in the pig house, air pipe arranges the ceiling top in, the ceiling divide into a plurality of rectangle units the same with the swinery size, each unit and each swinery one-to-one.

Above-mentioned ventilation system can provide aseptic and right warm new trend to the pig house, guarantees that childbirth sow and piglet homoenergetic are in respectively suitable body temperature state, makes the living environment of sow and piglet improved. However, in the actual production process, the effect of the ventilation system is not satisfactory, and on one hand, the ventilation system supplies air into the pigsty only by a strong injection mode, and the air is not limited to be discharged, so that the air renewal has more dead angles, and the ventilation efficiency in the pigsty, namely the air renewal efficiency is limited, and the requirement of timely air renewal cannot be met; on the other hand, because the cold and warm control is complex, in some cold (hot) areas or cold (hot) seasons, the ventilation system is not easy to control the air volume, so that the cold and hot temperature difference inside the pigsty is large, and the pigsty adopting large-scale heating or refrigerating equipment has too high energy consumption and inconvenience.

Therefore, how to provide a ventilation system with good ventilation effect and easy control of air volume and temperature regulation and a pigsty with the ventilation system is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a ventilation system and a pigsty having the same, and aims to solve the above technical problems.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a ventilation system for ventilating a sealed housing; the two opposite walls of the house group are respectively a first wall and a second wall; the outer side of the first wall is provided with a first additional wall parallel to the first wall, a buffer channel is formed between the first additional wall and the first wall in a sealing mode; the outer side of the second wall is provided with a second additional wall parallel to the second wall, and the second additional wall is sealed with the second wall; further comprising: the negative pressure fan, the shutter, the hinged folding group and the water curtain group; the negative pressure fans are multiple in number and embedded on the second additional wall; the number of the shutters is the same as that of the negative pressure fans, the shutters and the negative pressure fans are correspondingly embedded on the second wall, and the shutters can be automatically opened under the air draft effect of the negative pressure fans to communicate the two sides of the second wall; the hinge folding groups are multiple and embedded in the first wall, and can be automatically opened under the air draft effect of the negative pressure fan to be communicated with two sides of the first wall; the quantity of water curtain group is a plurality of, and inlays and establish on first additional wall.

Through the technical scheme, the louver and the hinged folding group provided by the invention enable a house to form a closed space in a natural state, so that the internal temperature of the house is easy to maintain; when the negative pressure fan draws air, the louver and the hinged folding group are driven to be opened simultaneously, outside air enters the buffer channel through the water curtain group, then enters the interior of the house through the hinged folding group, and finally is discharged through the louver, so that the fresh air can be rapidly circulated; meanwhile, because the number of the negative pressure fans is different, the negative pressure fans with different numbers can be opened according to requirements, so that the adaptability of the flow of the internal air is adjusted, the ventilation effect is good, and the air volume and the temperature can be easily controlled and regulated.

Preferably, in the ventilation system, the negative pressure fan includes a plurality of sets, and the negative pressure fan in each set is different in size. The mode demand that negative-pressure air fan opened is further perfected, because negative-pressure air fan's quantity and model are different, can be according to the air flow demand, select the negative-pressure air fan of different quantity and model, easily carry out the adaptability according to season, temperature to house inside air and adjust.

Preferably, in the ventilation system, the louver comprises a first window frame, a cross bar and a strip-shaped blade; the first window frame is embedded in the second wall and communicated with two sides of the second wall; the number of the cross rods is multiple, the cross rods are horizontally arranged in the first window frame at intervals, and two ends of the cross rods are fixedly connected with the inner walls of two sides of the first window frame respectively; the number of the strip-shaped blades is the same as that of the cross rods, the length of the strip-shaped blades is the same as that of the cross rods, the edges in the length direction are rotatably connected with the cross rods, and the width of each strip-shaped blade is equal to the distance between every two adjacent cross rods. The strip-shaped blades naturally droop due to gravity to form a sealing state in a natural state, and when the negative-pressure fan works, the strip-shaped blades are quickly opened, so that the use is convenient and effective.

Preferably, in the ventilation and air exchange system, a size of the first window frame corresponds to a size of the negative pressure fan. The shutter can be matched with the negative pressure fan in type adaptability.

Preferably, in the ventilation and ventilation system, the hinged folding set includes a second window frame, a rotating shaft, a connecting sheet, a movable plate and a counterweight body; the second window frame is embedded in the first wall and communicated with two sides of the first wall, the second window frame is divided into a plurality of rectangular unit frames, two side walls of each unit frame are provided with raised limiting strips, and the limiting strips are obliquely arranged from the inner side of the first wall to the outer side of the first wall from top to bottom; the number of the rotating shafts is the same as that of the unit frames, the rotating shafts are horizontally arranged, and two ends of the rotating shafts are rotatably connected below the inner walls of two sides of each unit frame; the number of the connecting pieces is multiple, and the connecting pieces are uniformly fixed on the rotating shaft; the movable plate is positioned in the unit frame, and the plate surface of the movable plate facing the outer side of the first wall is fixedly connected with the connecting sheet; the counterweight body is fixed on the bottom edge of the movable plate, and can drive the movable plate to be abutted against the limiting strips and block the unit frames. The fly leaf is under natural state, because the action of gravity and the spacing butt of the counter weight body to shutoff unit frame forms encapsulated situation, and when negative-pressure air fan during operation, the gravity of overcoming the counter weight body is opened fast, and convenient to use is effective.

Preferably, in the ventilation and air exchange system, the unit frames are arranged in 5 rows by 4 columns. The movable plates and the negative pressure fans form an adaptive matching relation, when negative pressure fans of different quantities and different models are opened, the number of the unit frames opened by the movable plates is different, not all the movable plates can be opened, and the ventilation adjustment possibility is higher in the mode.

Preferably, in the ventilation and air exchange system, a plurality of ventilation windows communicated with the outside are uniformly installed on the top wall of the house. Daily ventilation can be performed without turning on the negative pressure fan.

Preferably, in the ventilation and air exchange system, the ventilation window comprises a rectangular window frame, an upper hinge sheet and a lower hinge sheet; the rectangular window frame is of a flat rectangular structure, one side with a larger size is fixed with the top wall of the house and is communicated with the outside, the bottom wall of the rectangular window frame is sealed, and the peripheral side walls of the rectangular window frame are open; the upper hinge pieces are long-strip rectangular plates, the number of the upper hinge pieces is four, and the upper parts of the two ends of each upper hinge piece are rotatably connected with the upper parts of the side wall openings of the rectangular window frame; the lower hinged sheet is a long-strip rectangular plate, the number of the lower hinged sheet is four, the lower hinged sheet is connected with the lower portion of the opening of the side wall of the rectangular window frame in a rotating mode, and the lower hinged sheet is located on the outer side of the upper hinged sheet. The hinge friction force of the lower hinge plate is larger than that of the upper hinge plate, and the optimal state is as follows: the lower hinge piece can move only by being manually stirred, and the upper hinge piece can rotate freely, so that after the lower hinge piece is opened, if wind enters, the upper hinge piece can be pushed away to directly enter, the temperature inside the house can be kept, and the house can be adaptively ventilated.

Preferably, in the ventilation system, the housing has a rectangular structure. The ventilation effect is better.

The invention also provides a pigsty which comprises the ventilation system. The efficient ventilation of the pigsty is realized, and the ventilation efficiency in the pigsty can be greatly improved; simultaneously, easily control the amount of wind, prevent that the inside hot and cold difference in temperature of pig house is too big, can adapt to the ventilation demand in different areas, different seasons.

Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses the ventilation system and the pigsty with the same, and the ventilation system has the following beneficial effects:

1. the louver and the hinged hinge group of the ventilation system enable a house to form a closed space in a natural state, so that the temperature in the house is easy to maintain; when negative-pressure air fan drafts, drive shutter and articulated group of folding paper open simultaneously, outside air gets into the buffering passageway through water curtain group, then through articulated group of folding paper get into the house inside, discharge through the shutter at last, can realize fresh air's fast circulation.

2. Because the number and the type of the negative pressure fans are different, the negative pressure fans with different numbers and types can be opened according to requirements so as to realize the adaptive adjustment of the internal air flow, the ventilation effect is good, and the air volume and the temperature regulation and control are easy to control.

3. The pigsty provided by the invention adopts a ventilation system; the efficient ventilation of the pigsty can be realized, so that the ventilation efficiency in the pigsty is greatly improved; simultaneously, easily control the amount of wind, prevent that the inside cold and hot difference in temperature of pig house is too big, can adapt to the ventilation demand in different areas, different seasons.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a side view of the ventilation system provided by the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the ventilation system of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the outer side of a second additional wall provided by the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a front view of the inside of a second additional wall provided by the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of the present invention showing a closed position of the blinds;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a second wall structure according to the present invention showing an opened state of the blind;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a first wall hinged hinge set in a closed position according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the first wall hinged flap set in an open position in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the construction of the hinged hinge assembly provided by the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the outer side of a first additional wall according to the present invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a louver according to the present invention.

Wherein:

1-house;

11-a first wall; 12-a second wall; 13-a first additional wall; 14-a buffer channel; 15-a second additional wall;

2-negative pressure fan;

3-a shutter;

31-a first sash; 32-a cross-bar; 33-strip-shaped blades;

4-hinge group;

41-a second window frame; 411-unit frame; 412-a stop bar; 42-a rotating shaft; 43-connecting sheet; 44-a movable plate; 45-a counterweight;

5-a water curtain group;

6-a ventilation window;

61-rectangular window frame; 62-upper hinged sheet; 63-lower hinged flap.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1 to 11, the embodiment of the present invention discloses a ventilation system for ventilating a sealed house 1; a group of opposite two walls of the house 1 are a first wall 11 and a second wall 12 respectively; the outer side of the first wall 11 is provided with a first additional wall 13 parallel to the first wall, the first additional wall 13 is sealed with the first wall 11, and a buffer channel 14 is formed; the outer side of the second wall 12 is provided with a second additional wall 15 parallel to the second wall, and the second additional wall 15 is sealed with the second wall 12; further comprising: the negative pressure fan 2, the shutter 3, the hinged folding group 4 and the water curtain group 5; the number of the negative pressure fans 2 is multiple, and the negative pressure fans are embedded in the second additional wall 15; the number of the shutters 3 is the same as that of the negative pressure fans 2, the shutters and the negative pressure fans 2 are embedded on the second wall 12 correspondingly, and the shutters 3 can be automatically opened under the air draft effect of the negative pressure fans 2 and are communicated with the two sides of the second wall 12; the number of the hinged folding groups 4 is multiple, the hinged folding groups 4 are embedded in the first wall 11, and the hinged folding groups 4 can be automatically opened under the air draft effect of the negative pressure fan 2 to be communicated with two sides of the first wall 11; the number of the water curtain groups 5 is multiple, and the water curtain groups are embedded on the first additional wall 13.

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the negative pressure fan 2 includes a plurality of groups, and the negative pressure fan 2 of each group has different sizes.

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the shutter 3 comprises a first window frame 31, a cross bar 32 and a strip-shaped blade 33; the first window frame 31 is embedded in the second wall 12 and is communicated with two sides of the second wall 12; the number of the cross bars 32 is multiple, the cross bars 32 are horizontally arranged in the first window frame 31 at intervals, and two ends of the cross bars are respectively fixedly connected with the inner walls of two sides of the first window frame 31; the number of the strip-shaped blades 33 is the same as that of the cross rods 32, the length of each strip-shaped blade 33 is the same as that of each cross rod 32, the edges of the strip-shaped blades 33 in the length direction are rotatably connected with the cross rods 32, and the width of each strip-shaped blade 33 is equal to the distance between two adjacent cross rods 32.

In order to further optimize the above solution, the first window frame 31 has a size corresponding to the size of the negative pressure fan 2.

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the hinged folding group 4 includes a second window frame 41, a rotating shaft 42, a connecting sheet 43, a movable plate 44 and a counterweight body 45; the second window frame 41 is embedded in the first wall 11 and is communicated with two sides of the first wall 11, the second window frame 41 is divided into a plurality of rectangular unit frames 411, two side walls of the unit frames 411 are provided with convex limiting strips 412, and the limiting strips 412 are obliquely arranged from the inner side of the first wall 11 to the outer side of the first wall 11 from top to bottom; the number of the rotating shafts 42 is the same as that of the unit frames 411, the rotating shafts 42 are horizontally arranged, and two ends of the rotating shafts 42 are rotatably connected below the inner walls of two sides of the unit frames 411; the number of the connecting sheets 43 is multiple, and the connecting sheets are uniformly fixed on the rotating shaft 42; the movable plate 44 is located in the unit frame 411, and a plate surface of the movable plate 44 facing the outer side of the first wall 11 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 43; the weight body 45 is fixed on the bottom edge of the movable plate 44, and can drive the movable plate 44 to abut against the limiting strip 412, and block the unit frame 411.

To further optimize the above solution, the unit boxes 411 are arranged in 5 rows by 4 columns.

In order to further optimize the technical scheme, a plurality of ventilation windows 6 communicated with the outside are uniformly arranged on the top wall of the house 1.

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the louver 6 includes a rectangular window frame 61, an upper hinge plate 62 and a lower hinge plate 63; the rectangular window frame 61 is of a flat rectangular structure, one side with a larger size is fixed with the top wall of the house 1 and is communicated with the outside, the bottom wall of the rectangular window frame 61 is sealed, and the peripheral side walls of the rectangular window frame are open; the upper hinge pieces 62 are long-strip rectangular plates, the number of the upper hinge pieces is four, and the upper parts of the two ends of each upper hinge piece 62 are rotatably connected with the upper parts of the side wall openings of the rectangular window frame 61; the lower hinge pieces 63 are rectangular plates, the number of the lower hinge pieces is four, the lower portions of the two ends of the lower hinge pieces 63 are rotatably connected with the lower portions of the side wall openings of the rectangular window frame 61, and the lower hinge pieces 63 are located on the outer sides of the upper hinge pieces 62.

In order to further optimize the above technical solution, the house 1 has a rectangular structure.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

when house 1 needs ventilation, open the negative-pressure air fan 2 of corresponding quantity and model according to the demand, follow 5 directions convulsions of cascade group under negative-pressure air fan 2's effect, at this moment, under the effect of wind power, the bar blade 33 of shutter 3 and the fly leaf 44 of articulated book page group are opened and are ventilated. The shutters 3 are opened in cooperation with the respective negative pressure fans 2, and the movable plates 44 are opened in different numbers according to different wind forces.

Example 2:

this example provides a pig house using the ventilation system of example 1. The principle of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, and will not be described herein again.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A ventilation system, characterized by being used for ventilating a sealed house (1); a group of opposite two walls of the house (1) are respectively a first wall (11) and a second wall (12); the outer side of the first wall (11) is provided with a first additional wall (13) which is parallel to the first wall, the first additional wall (13) is sealed with the first wall (11), and a buffer channel (14) is formed; the outer side of the second wall (12) is provided with a second additional wall (15) which is parallel to the second wall, and the second additional wall (15) is sealed with the second wall (12); further comprising: the negative pressure fan (2), the shutter (3), the hinged folding group (4) and the water curtain group (5); the negative pressure fans (2) are multiple in number and are embedded in the second additional wall (15); the number of the shutters (3) is the same as that of the negative pressure fans (2), the shutters and the negative pressure fans (2) are correspondingly embedded on the second wall (12), and the shutters (3) can be automatically opened under the air draft effect of the negative pressure fans (2) to communicate with two sides of the second wall (12); the number of the hinged folding groups (4) is multiple, the hinged folding groups are embedded in the first wall (11), and the hinged folding groups (4) can be automatically opened under the air draft effect of the negative pressure fan (2) to be communicated with the two sides of the first wall (11); the number of the water curtain groups (5) is multiple, and the water curtain groups are embedded in the first additional wall (13);

a plurality of ventilation windows (6) communicated with the outside are uniformly arranged on the top wall of the house (1); the ventilation window (6) comprises a rectangular window frame (61), an upper hinge sheet (62) and a lower hinge sheet (63); the rectangular window frame (61) is of a flat rectangular structure, one side with a larger size is fixed with the top wall of the house (1) and is communicated with the outside, the bottom wall of the rectangular window frame (61) is sealed, and the peripheral side walls of the rectangular window frame are open; the upper hinge pieces (62) are long-strip rectangular plates, the number of the upper hinge pieces is four, and the upper parts of the two ends of each upper hinge piece (62) are rotatably connected with the upper parts of the side wall openings of the rectangular window frames (61); the lower hinge pieces (63) are long-strip rectangular plates, the number of the lower hinge pieces is four, the lower parts of the two ends of each lower hinge piece (63) are rotatably connected with the lower parts of the side wall openings of the rectangular window frame (61), and the lower hinge pieces (63) are positioned on the outer sides of the upper hinge pieces (62);

when the house (1) needs ventilation, the negative pressure fans (2) with corresponding quantity and types are opened according to requirements, air is drawn from the direction of the water curtain group (5) under the action of the negative pressure fans (2), and at the moment, the shutter (3) and the hinged folding group (4) are opened for ventilation and ventilation under the action of wind power; the louver (3) is opened in a matched mode with the corresponding negative pressure fan (2), and the hinged folding groups (4) are opened in different quantities according to different wind power.

2. A ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that said negative-pressure fan (2) comprises a plurality of groups, and in that said negative-pressure fans (2) of each group are of different sizes.

3. A ventilation system according to claim 2, characterized in that said shutter (3) comprises a first frame (31), a cross-bar (32) and strip-shaped blades (33); the first window frame (31) is embedded in the second wall (12) and communicated with two sides of the second wall (12); the number of the cross rods (32) is multiple, the cross rods (32) are horizontally arranged in the first window frame (31) at intervals, and two ends of each cross rod are fixedly connected with the inner walls of two sides of the first window frame (31); the quantity of bar blade (33) with the quantity of horizontal pole (32) is the same, the length of bar blade (33) with the length of horizontal pole (32) is the same, and length direction's border with horizontal pole (32) rotate and connect, the width of bar blade (33) equals two adjacent distance between horizontal pole (32).

4. A ventilation system according to claim 3, wherein the dimensions of the first window frame (31) correspond to the dimensions of the negative pressure fan (2).

5. A ventilation and air-exchange system according to claim 1, characterized in that said set of hinged flaps (4) comprises a second window frame (41), a rotating shaft (42), a connecting sheet (43), a moving sheet (44) and a counterweight body (45); the second window frame (41) is embedded in the first wall (11) and communicated with two sides of the first wall (11), the second window frame (41) is divided into a plurality of rectangular unit frames (411), two side walls of each unit frame (411) are provided with protruding limiting strips (412), and the limiting strips (412) are obliquely arranged from top to bottom from the inner side of the first wall (11) to the outer side of the first wall (11); the number of the rotating shafts (42) is the same as that of the unit frames (411), the rotating shafts (42) are horizontally arranged, and two ends of the rotating shafts are rotatably connected below the inner walls of two sides of the unit frames (411); the number of the connecting pieces (43) is multiple, and the connecting pieces are uniformly fixed on the rotating shaft (42); the movable plate (44) is positioned in the unit frame (411), and the plate surface of the movable plate (44) facing the outer side of the first wall (11) is fixedly connected with the connecting sheet (43); the counterweight body (45) is fixed on the bottom edge of the movable plate (44), and can drive the movable plate (44) to be abutted against the limiting strip (412) and block the unit frame (411).

6. A ventilation system according to claim 5, wherein said unit frames (411) are arranged in 5 rows by 4 columns.

7. A ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said housing (1) is of rectangular configuration.

8. A pig house comprising a ventilation system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.